multielectrode_grasp/code/python-neo/neo/io/axonio.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""

Class for reading data from pCLAMP and AxoScope
files (.abf version 1 and 2), developed by Molecular device/Axon technologies.

- abf = Axon binary file
- atf is a text file based format from axon that could be
  read by AsciiIO (but this file is less efficient.)


This code is a port of abfload and abf2load
written in Matlab (BSD-2-Clause licence) by :
 - Copyright (c) 2009, Forrest Collman, fcollman@princeton.edu
 - Copyright (c) 2004, Harald Hentschke
and available here:
http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/22114-abf2load

Information on abf 1 and 2 formats is available here:
http://www.moleculardevices.com/pages/software/developer_info.html

This file supports the old (ABF1) and new (ABF2) format.
ABF1 (clampfit <=9) and ABF2 (clampfit >10)

All possible mode are possible :
    - event-driven variable-length mode 1 -> return several Segments per Block
    - event-driven fixed-length mode 2 or 5 -> return several Segments
    - gap free mode -> return one (or sevral) Segment in the Block

Supported : Read

Author: sgarcia, jnowacki

Note: j.s.nowacki@gmail.com has a C++ library with SWIG bindings which also
reads abf files - would be good to cross-check

"""

import struct
import datetime
import os
from io import open, BufferedReader

import numpy as np
import quantities as pq

from neo.io.baseio import BaseIO
from neo.core import Block, Segment, AnalogSignal, Event
from neo.io.tools import iteritems


class StructFile(BufferedReader):
    def read_f(self, fmt, offset=None):
        if offset is not None:
            self.seek(offset)
        return struct.unpack(fmt, self.read(struct.calcsize(fmt)))

    def write_f(self, fmt, offset=None, *args):
        if offset is not None:
            self.seek(offset)
        self.write(struct.pack(fmt, *args))


def reformat_integer_v1(data, nbchannel, header):
    """
    reformat when dtype is int16 for ABF version 1
    """
    chans = [chan_num for chan_num in
             header['nADCSamplingSeq'] if chan_num >= 0]
    for n, i in enumerate(chans[:nbchannel]):  # respect SamplingSeq
        data[:, n] /= header['fInstrumentScaleFactor'][i]
        data[:, n] /= header['fSignalGain'][i]
        data[:, n] /= header['fADCProgrammableGain'][i]
        if header['nTelegraphEnable'][i]:
            data[:, n] /= header['fTelegraphAdditGain'][i]
        data[:, n] *= header['fADCRange']
        data[:, n] /= header['lADCResolution']
        data[:, n] += header['fInstrumentOffset'][i]
        data[:, n] -= header['fSignalOffset'][i]


def reformat_integer_v2(data, nbchannel, header):
    """
    reformat when dtype is int16 for ABF version 2
    """
    for i in range(nbchannel):
        data[:, i] /= header['listADCInfo'][i]['fInstrumentScaleFactor']
        data[:, i] /= header['listADCInfo'][i]['fSignalGain']
        data[:, i] /= header['listADCInfo'][i]['fADCProgrammableGain']
        if header['listADCInfo'][i]['nTelegraphEnable']:
            data[:, i] /= header['listADCInfo'][i]['fTelegraphAdditGain']
        data[:, i] *= header['protocol']['fADCRange']
        data[:, i] /= header['protocol']['lADCResolution']
        data[:, i] += header['listADCInfo'][i]['fInstrumentOffset']
        data[:, i] -= header['listADCInfo'][i]['fSignalOffset']


def clean_string(s):
    s = s.rstrip(b'\x00')
    s = s.rstrip(b' ')
    return s


class AxonIO(BaseIO):
    """
    Class for reading data from pCLAMP and AxoScope
    files (.abf version 1 and 2), developed by Molecular Device/Axon Technologies.

    Usage:
        >>> from neo import io
        >>> r = io.AxonIO(filename='File_axon_1.abf')
        >>> bl = r.read_block(lazy=False, cascade=True)
        >>> print bl.segments
        [<neo.core.segment.Segment object at 0x105516fd0>]
        >>> print bl.segments[0].analogsignals
        [<AnalogSignal(array([ 2.18811035,  2.19726562,  2.21252441, ...,
            1.33056641,  1.3458252 ,  1.3671875 ], dtype=float32) * pA,
            [0.0 s, 191.2832 s], sampling rate: 10000.0 Hz)>]
        >>> print bl.segments[0].events
        []

    """

    is_readable = True
    is_writable = False

    supported_objects = [Block, Segment, AnalogSignal, Event]
    readable_objects = [Block]
    writeable_objects = []

    has_header = False
    is_streameable = False

    read_params = {Block: []}
    write_params = None

    name = 'Axon'
    extensions = ['abf']

    mode = 'file'

    def __init__(self, filename=None):
        """
        This class read a abf file.

        Arguments:
            filename : the filename to read

        """
        BaseIO.__init__(self)
        self.filename = filename

    def read_block(self, lazy=False, cascade=True):

        header = self.read_header()
        version = header['fFileVersionNumber']

        bl = Block()
        bl.file_origin = os.path.basename(self.filename)
        bl.annotate(abf_version=str(version))

        # date and time
        if version < 2.:
            YY = 1900
            MM = 1
            DD = 1
            hh = int(header['lFileStartTime'] / 3600.)
            mm = int((header['lFileStartTime'] - hh * 3600) / 60)
            ss = header['lFileStartTime'] - hh * 3600 - mm * 60
            ms = int(np.mod(ss, 1) * 1e6)
            ss = int(ss)
        elif version >= 2.:
            YY = int(header['uFileStartDate'] / 10000)
            MM = int((header['uFileStartDate'] - YY * 10000) / 100)
            DD = int(header['uFileStartDate'] - YY * 10000 - MM * 100)
            hh = int(header['uFileStartTimeMS'] / 1000. / 3600.)
            mm = int((header['uFileStartTimeMS'] / 1000. - hh * 3600) / 60)
            ss = header['uFileStartTimeMS'] / 1000. - hh * 3600 - mm * 60
            ms = int(np.mod(ss, 1) * 1e6)
            ss = int(ss)
        bl.rec_datetime = datetime.datetime(YY, MM, DD, hh, mm, ss, ms)

        if not cascade:
            return bl

        # file format
        if header['nDataFormat'] == 0:
            dt = np.dtype('i2')
        elif header['nDataFormat'] == 1:
            dt = np.dtype('f4')

        if version < 2.:
            nbchannel = header['nADCNumChannels']
            head_offset = header['lDataSectionPtr'] * BLOCKSIZE + header[
                'nNumPointsIgnored'] * dt.itemsize
            totalsize = header['lActualAcqLength']
        elif version >= 2.:
            nbchannel = header['sections']['ADCSection']['llNumEntries']
            head_offset = header['sections']['DataSection'][
                'uBlockIndex'] * BLOCKSIZE
            totalsize = header['sections']['DataSection']['llNumEntries']

        data = np.memmap(self.filename, dt, 'r',
                         shape=(totalsize,), offset=head_offset)

        # 3 possible modes
        if version < 2.:
            mode = header['nOperationMode']
        elif version >= 2.:
            mode = header['protocol']['nOperationMode']

        if (mode == 1) or (mode == 2) or (mode == 5) or (mode == 3):
            # event-driven variable-length mode (mode 1)
            # event-driven fixed-length mode (mode 2 or 5)
            # gap free mode (mode 3) can be in several episodes

            # read sweep pos
            if version < 2.:
                nbepisod = header['lSynchArraySize']
                offset_episode = header['lSynchArrayPtr'] * BLOCKSIZE
            elif version >= 2.:
                nbepisod = header['sections']['SynchArraySection'][
                    'llNumEntries']
                offset_episode = header['sections']['SynchArraySection'][
                    'uBlockIndex'] * BLOCKSIZE
            if nbepisod > 0:
                episode_array = np.memmap(
                    self.filename, [('offset', 'i4'), ('len', 'i4')], 'r',
                    shape=nbepisod, offset=offset_episode)
            else:
                episode_array = np.empty(1, [('offset', 'i4'), ('len', 'i4')])
                episode_array[0]['len'] = data.size
                episode_array[0]['offset'] = 0

            # sampling_rate
            if version < 2.:
                sampling_rate = 1. / (header['fADCSampleInterval'] *
                                      nbchannel * 1.e-6) * pq.Hz
            elif version >= 2.:
                sampling_rate = 1.e6 / \
                    header['protocol']['fADCSequenceInterval'] * pq.Hz

            # construct block
            # one sweep = one segment in a block
            pos = 0
            for j in range(episode_array.size):
                seg = Segment(index=j)

                length = episode_array[j]['len']

                if version < 2.:
                    fSynchTimeUnit = header['fSynchTimeUnit']
                elif version >= 2.:
                    fSynchTimeUnit = header['protocol']['fSynchTimeUnit']

                if (fSynchTimeUnit != 0) and (mode == 1):
                    length /= fSynchTimeUnit

                if not lazy:
                    subdata = data[pos:pos+length]
                    subdata = subdata.reshape((int(subdata.size/nbchannel),
                                               nbchannel)).astype('f')
                    if dt == np.dtype('i2'):
                        if version < 2.:
                            reformat_integer_v1(subdata, nbchannel, header)
                        elif version >= 2.:
                            reformat_integer_v2(subdata, nbchannel, header)

                pos += length

                if version < 2.:
                    chans = [chan_num for chan_num in
                             header['nADCSamplingSeq'] if chan_num >= 0]
                else:
                    chans = range(nbchannel)
                for n, i in enumerate(chans[:nbchannel]):  # fix SamplingSeq
                    if version < 2.:
                        name = header['sADCChannelName'][i].replace(b' ', b'')
                        unit = header['sADCUnits'][i].replace(b'\xb5', b'u').\
                            replace(b' ', b'').decode('utf-8')  # \xb5 is µ
                        num = header['nADCPtoLChannelMap'][i]
                    elif version >= 2.:
                        lADCIi = header['listADCInfo'][i]
                        name = lADCIi['ADCChNames'].replace(b' ', b'')
                        unit = lADCIi['ADCChUnits'].replace(b'\xb5', b'u').\
                            replace(b' ', b'').decode('utf-8')
                        num = header['listADCInfo'][i]['nADCNum']
                    if (fSynchTimeUnit == 0):
                        t_start = float(episode_array[j]['offset']) / sampling_rate
                    else:
                        t_start = float(episode_array[j]['offset']) * fSynchTimeUnit *1e-6* pq.s
                    t_start = t_start.rescale('s')
                    try:
                        pq.Quantity(1, unit)
                    except:
                        unit = ''

                    if lazy:
                        signal = [] * pq.Quantity(1, unit)
                    else:
                        signal = pq.Quantity(subdata[:, n], unit)

                    anaSig = AnalogSignal(signal, sampling_rate=sampling_rate,
                                          t_start=t_start,
                                          name=name.decode("utf-8"),
                                          channel_index=int(num))
                    if lazy:
                        anaSig.lazy_shape = length / nbchannel
                    seg.analogsignals.append(anaSig)
                bl.segments.append(seg)

            if mode in [3, 5]:  # TODO check if tags exits in other mode
                # tag is EventArray that should be attached to Block
                # It is attched to the first Segment
                times = []
                labels = []
                comments = []
                for i, tag in enumerate(header['listTag']):
                    times.append(tag['lTagTime']/sampling_rate)
                    labels.append(str(tag['nTagType']))
                    comments.append(clean_string(tag['sComment']))
                times = np.array(times)
                labels = np.array(labels, dtype='S')
                comments = np.array(comments, dtype='S')
                # attach all tags to the first segment.
                seg = bl.segments[0]
                if lazy:
                    ea = Event(times=[] * pq.s, labels=np.array([], dtype='S'))
                    ea.lazy_shape = len(times)
                else:
                    ea = Event(times=times * pq.s, labels=labels,
                               comments=comments)
                seg.events.append(ea)

        bl.create_many_to_one_relationship()
        return bl

    def read_header(self,):
        """
        read the header of the file

        The strategy here differs from the original script under Matlab.
        In the original script for ABF2, it completes the header with
        information that is located in other structures.

        In ABF2 this function returns header with sub dict:
            sections             (ABF2)
            protocol             (ABF2)
            listTags             (ABF1&2)
            listADCInfo          (ABF2)
            listDACInfo          (ABF2)
            dictEpochInfoPerDAC  (ABF2)
        that contains more information.
        """
        fid = StructFile(open(self.filename, 'rb'))  # fix for py3

        # version
        f_file_signature = fid.read(4)
        if f_file_signature == b'ABF ':  # fix for p3 where read returns bytes
            header_description = headerDescriptionV1
        elif f_file_signature == b'ABF2':
            header_description = headerDescriptionV2
        else:
            return None

        # construct dict
        header = {}
        for key, offset, fmt in header_description:
            val = fid.read_f(fmt, offset=offset)
            if len(val) == 1:
                header[key] = val[0]
            else:
                header[key] = np.array(val)

        # correction of version number and starttime
        if f_file_signature == b'ABF ':
            header['lFileStartTime'] += header[
                'nFileStartMillisecs'] * .001
        elif f_file_signature == b'ABF2':
            n = header['fFileVersionNumber']
            header['fFileVersionNumber'] = n[3] + 0.1 * n[2] +\
                0.01 * n[1] + 0.001 * n[0]
            header['lFileStartTime'] = header['uFileStartTimeMS'] * .001

        if header['fFileVersionNumber'] < 2.:
            # tags
            listTag = []
            for i in range(header['lNumTagEntries']):
                fid.seek(header['lTagSectionPtr'] + i * 64)
                tag = {}
                for key, fmt in TagInfoDescription:
                    val = fid.read_f(fmt)
                    if len(val) == 1:
                        tag[key] = val[0]
                    else:
                        tag[key] = np.array(val)
                listTag.append(tag)
            header['listTag'] = listTag
            #protocol name formatting #TODO move to read_protocol?
            header['sProtocolPath'] = clean_string(header['sProtocolPath'])
            header['sProtocolPath'] = header['sProtocolPath'].\
                replace(b'\\', b'/')

        elif header['fFileVersionNumber'] >= 2.:
            # in abf2 some info are in other place

            # sections
            sections = {}
            for s, sectionName in enumerate(sectionNames):
                uBlockIndex, uBytes, llNumEntries =\
                    fid.read_f('IIl', offset=76 + s * 16)
                sections[sectionName] = {}
                sections[sectionName]['uBlockIndex'] = uBlockIndex
                sections[sectionName]['uBytes'] = uBytes
                sections[sectionName]['llNumEntries'] = llNumEntries
            header['sections'] = sections

            # strings sections
            # hack for reading channels names and units
            fid.seek(sections['StringsSection']['uBlockIndex'] * BLOCKSIZE)
            big_string = fid.read(sections['StringsSection']['uBytes'])
            goodstart=-1
            for key in [b'AXENGN', b'clampex', b'Clampex', b'CLAMPEX', b'axoscope']:
                #goodstart = big_string.lower().find(key)
                goodstart = big_string.find(key)
                if goodstart!=-1: break
            assert goodstart!=-1, 'This file does not contain clampex, axoscope or clampfit in the header'
            big_string = big_string[goodstart:]
            strings = big_string.split(b'\x00')

            # ADC sections
            header['listADCInfo'] = []
            for i in range(sections['ADCSection']['llNumEntries']):
                # read ADCInfo
                fid.seek(sections['ADCSection']['uBlockIndex'] *
                         BLOCKSIZE + sections['ADCSection']['uBytes'] * i)
                ADCInfo = {}
                for key, fmt in ADCInfoDescription:
                    val = fid.read_f(fmt)
                    if len(val) == 1:
                        ADCInfo[key] = val[0]
                    else:
                        ADCInfo[key] = np.array(val)
                ADCInfo['ADCChNames'] = strings[ADCInfo['lADCChannelNameIndex'] - 1]
                ADCInfo['ADCChUnits'] = strings[ADCInfo['lADCUnitsIndex'] - 1]
                header['listADCInfo'].append(ADCInfo)

            # protocol sections
            protocol = {}
            fid.seek(sections['ProtocolSection']['uBlockIndex'] * BLOCKSIZE)
            for key, fmt in protocolInfoDescription:
                val = fid.read_f(fmt)
                if len(val) == 1:
                    protocol[key] = val[0]
                else:
                    protocol[key] = np.array(val)
            header['protocol'] = protocol
            header['sProtocolPath'] = strings[header['uProtocolPathIndex']-1]

            # tags
            listTag = []
            for i in range(sections['TagSection']['llNumEntries']):
                fid.seek(sections['TagSection']['uBlockIndex'] *
                         BLOCKSIZE + sections['TagSection']['uBytes'] * i)
                tag = {}
                for key, fmt in TagInfoDescription:
                    val = fid.read_f(fmt)
                    if len(val) == 1:
                        tag[key] = val[0]
                    else:
                        tag[key] = np.array(val)
                listTag.append(tag)

            header['listTag'] = listTag

            # DAC sections
            header['listDACInfo'] = []
            for i in range(sections['DACSection']['llNumEntries']):
                # read DACInfo
                fid.seek(sections['DACSection']['uBlockIndex'] *
                         BLOCKSIZE + sections['DACSection']['uBytes'] * i)
                DACInfo = {}
                for key, fmt in DACInfoDescription:
                    val = fid.read_f(fmt)
                    if len(val) == 1:
                        DACInfo[key] = val[0]
                    else:
                        DACInfo[key] = np.array(val)
                DACInfo['DACChNames'] = strings[DACInfo['lDACChannelNameIndex']
                                                - 1]
                DACInfo['DACChUnits'] = strings[
                    DACInfo['lDACChannelUnitsIndex'] - 1]

                header['listDACInfo'].append(DACInfo)

            # EpochPerDAC  sections
            # header['dictEpochInfoPerDAC'] is dict of dicts:
            #  - the first index is the DAC number
            #  - the second index is the epoch number
            # It has to be done like that because data may not exist
            # and may not be in sorted order
            header['dictEpochInfoPerDAC'] = {}
            for i in range(sections['EpochPerDACSection']['llNumEntries']):
                #  read DACInfo
                fid.seek(sections['EpochPerDACSection']['uBlockIndex'] *
                         BLOCKSIZE +
                         sections['EpochPerDACSection']['uBytes'] * i)
                EpochInfoPerDAC = {}
                for key, fmt in EpochInfoPerDACDescription:
                    val = fid.read_f(fmt)
                    if len(val) == 1:
                        EpochInfoPerDAC[key] = val[0]
                    else:
                        EpochInfoPerDAC[key] = np.array(val)

                DACNum = EpochInfoPerDAC['nDACNum']
                EpochNum = EpochInfoPerDAC['nEpochNum']
                # Checking if the key exists, if not, the value is empty
                # so we have to create empty dict to populate
                if DACNum not in header['dictEpochInfoPerDAC']:
                    header['dictEpochInfoPerDAC'][DACNum] = {}

                header['dictEpochInfoPerDAC'][DACNum][EpochNum] =\
                    EpochInfoPerDAC

        fid.close()

        return header

    def read_protocol(self):
        """
        Read the protocol waveform of the file, if present;
        function works with ABF2 only. Protocols can be reconstructed
        from the ABF1 header.

        Returns: list of segments (one for every episode)
                 with list of analog signls (one for every DAC).
        """
        header = self.read_header()

        if header['fFileVersionNumber'] < 2.:
            raise IOError("Protocol section is only present in ABF2 files.")

        nADC = header['sections']['ADCSection'][
            'llNumEntries']  # Number of ADC channels
        nDAC = header['sections']['DACSection'][
            'llNumEntries']  # Number of DAC channels
        nSam = int(header['protocol'][
            'lNumSamplesPerEpisode'] / nADC)  # Number of samples per episode
        nEpi = header['lActualEpisodes']  # Actual number of episodes
        sampling_rate = 1.e6 / header['protocol'][
            'fADCSequenceInterval'] * pq.Hz

        # Make a list of segments with analog signals with just holding levels
        # List of segments relates to number of episodes, as for recorded data
        segments = []
        for epiNum in range(nEpi):
            seg = Segment(index=epiNum)
            # One analog signal for each DAC in segment (episode)
            for DACNum in range(nDAC):
                t_start = 0 * pq.s  # TODO: Possibly check with episode array
                name = header['listDACInfo'][DACNum]['DACChNames']
                unit = header['listDACInfo'][DACNum]['DACChUnits'].\
                    replace(b'\xb5', b'u').decode('utf-8')  # \xb5 is µ
                signal = np.ones(nSam) *\
                    header['listDACInfo'][DACNum]['fDACHoldingLevel'] *\
                    pq.Quantity(1, unit)
                ana_sig = AnalogSignal(signal, sampling_rate=sampling_rate,
                                       t_start=t_start, name=name.decode("utf-8"),
                                       channel_index=DACNum)
                # If there are epoch infos for this DAC
                if DACNum in header['dictEpochInfoPerDAC']:
                    # Save last sample index
                    i_last = int(nSam * 15625 / 10**6)
                    # TODO guess for first holding
                    # Go over EpochInfoPerDAC and change the analog signal
                    # according to the epochs
                    epochInfo = header['dictEpochInfoPerDAC'][DACNum]
                    for epochNum, epoch in iteritems(epochInfo):
                        i_begin = i_last
                        i_end = i_last + epoch['lEpochInitDuration'] +\
                            epoch['lEpochDurationInc'] * epiNum
                        dif = i_end-i_begin
                        ana_sig[i_begin:i_end] = np.ones((dif, 1)) *\
                            pq.Quantity(1, unit) * (epoch['fEpochInitLevel'] +
                                                    epoch['fEpochLevelInc'] *
                                                    epiNum)
                        i_last += epoch['lEpochInitDuration']
                seg.analogsignals.append(ana_sig)
            segments.append(seg)

        return segments


BLOCKSIZE = 512

headerDescriptionV1 = [
    ('fFileSignature', 0, '4s'),
    ('fFileVersionNumber', 4, 'f'),
    ('nOperationMode', 8, 'h'),
    ('lActualAcqLength', 10, 'i'),
    ('nNumPointsIgnored', 14, 'h'),
    ('lActualEpisodes', 16, 'i'),
    ('lFileStartTime', 24, 'i'),
    ('lDataSectionPtr', 40, 'i'),
    ('lTagSectionPtr', 44, 'i'),
    ('lNumTagEntries', 48, 'i'),
    ('lSynchArrayPtr', 92, 'i'),
    ('lSynchArraySize', 96, 'i'),
    ('nDataFormat', 100, 'h'),
    ('nADCNumChannels', 120, 'h'),
    ('fADCSampleInterval', 122, 'f'),
    ('fSynchTimeUnit', 130, 'f'),
    ('lNumSamplesPerEpisode', 138, 'i'),
    ('lPreTriggerSamples', 142, 'i'),
    ('lEpisodesPerRun', 146, 'i'),
    ('fADCRange', 244, 'f'),
    ('lADCResolution', 252, 'i'),
    ('nFileStartMillisecs', 366, 'h'),
    ('nADCPtoLChannelMap', 378, '16h'),
    ('nADCSamplingSeq', 410, '16h'),
    ('sADCChannelName', 442, '10s'*16),
    ('sADCUnits', 602, '8s'*16),
    ('fADCProgrammableGain', 730, '16f'),
    ('fInstrumentScaleFactor', 922, '16f'),
    ('fInstrumentOffset', 986, '16f'),
    ('fSignalGain', 1050, '16f'),
    ('fSignalOffset', 1114, '16f'),

    ('nDigitalEnable', 1436, 'h'),
    ('nActiveDACChannel', 1440, 'h'),
    ('nDigitalHolding', 1584, 'h'),
    ('nDigitalInterEpisode', 1586, 'h'),
    ('nDigitalValue', 2588, '10h'),
    ('lDACFilePtr', 2048, '2i'),
    ('lDACFileNumEpisodes', 2056, '2i'),
    ('fDACCalibrationFactor', 2074, '4f'),
    ('fDACCalibrationOffset', 2090, '4f'),
    ('nWaveformEnable', 2296, '2h'),
    ('nWaveformSource', 2300, '2h'),
    ('nInterEpisodeLevel', 2304, '2h'),
    ('nEpochType', 2308, '20h'),
    ('fEpochInitLevel', 2348, '20f'),
    ('fEpochLevelInc', 2428, '20f'),
    ('lEpochInitDuration', 2508, '20i'),
    ('lEpochDurationInc', 2588, '20i'),

    ('nTelegraphEnable', 4512, '16h'),
    ('fTelegraphAdditGain', 4576, '16f'),
    ('sProtocolPath', 4898, '384s'),
    ]


headerDescriptionV2 = [
    ('fFileSignature', 0, '4s'),
    ('fFileVersionNumber', 4, '4b'),
    ('uFileInfoSize', 8, 'I'),
    ('lActualEpisodes', 12, 'I'),
    ('uFileStartDate', 16, 'I'),
    ('uFileStartTimeMS', 20, 'I'),
    ('uStopwatchTime', 24, 'I'),
    ('nFileType', 28, 'H'),
    ('nDataFormat', 30, 'H'),
    ('nSimultaneousScan', 32, 'H'),
    ('nCRCEnable', 34, 'H'),
    ('uFileCRC', 36, 'I'),
    ('FileGUID', 40, 'I'),
    ('uCreatorVersion', 56, 'I'),
    ('uCreatorNameIndex', 60, 'I'),
    ('uModifierVersion', 64, 'I'),
    ('uModifierNameIndex', 68, 'I'),
    ('uProtocolPathIndex', 72, 'I'),
    ]


sectionNames = [
    'ProtocolSection',
    'ADCSection',
    'DACSection',
    'EpochSection',
    'ADCPerDACSection',
    'EpochPerDACSection',
    'UserListSection',
    'StatsRegionSection',
    'MathSection',
    'StringsSection',
    'DataSection',
    'TagSection',
    'ScopeSection',
    'DeltaSection',
    'VoiceTagSection',
    'SynchArraySection',
    'AnnotationSection',
    'StatsSection',
    ]


protocolInfoDescription = [
    ('nOperationMode', 'h'),
    ('fADCSequenceInterval', 'f'),
    ('bEnableFileCompression', 'b'),
    ('sUnused1', '3s'),
    ('uFileCompressionRatio', 'I'),
    ('fSynchTimeUnit', 'f'),
    ('fSecondsPerRun', 'f'),
    ('lNumSamplesPerEpisode', 'i'),
    ('lPreTriggerSamples', 'i'),
    ('lEpisodesPerRun', 'i'),
    ('lRunsPerTrial', 'i'),
    ('lNumberOfTrials', 'i'),
    ('nAveragingMode', 'h'),
    ('nUndoRunCount', 'h'),
    ('nFirstEpisodeInRun', 'h'),
    ('fTriggerThreshold', 'f'),
    ('nTriggerSource', 'h'),
    ('nTriggerAction', 'h'),
    ('nTriggerPolarity', 'h'),
    ('fScopeOutputInterval', 'f'),
    ('fEpisodeStartToStart', 'f'),
    ('fRunStartToStart', 'f'),
    ('lAverageCount', 'i'),
    ('fTrialStartToStart', 'f'),
    ('nAutoTriggerStrategy', 'h'),
    ('fFirstRunDelayS', 'f'),
    ('nChannelStatsStrategy', 'h'),
    ('lSamplesPerTrace', 'i'),
    ('lStartDisplayNum', 'i'),
    ('lFinishDisplayNum', 'i'),
    ('nShowPNRawData', 'h'),
    ('fStatisticsPeriod', 'f'),
    ('lStatisticsMeasurements', 'i'),
    ('nStatisticsSaveStrategy', 'h'),
    ('fADCRange', 'f'),
    ('fDACRange', 'f'),
    ('lADCResolution', 'i'),
    ('lDACResolution', 'i'),
    ('nExperimentType', 'h'),
    ('nManualInfoStrategy', 'h'),
    ('nCommentsEnable', 'h'),
    ('lFileCommentIndex', 'i'),
    ('nAutoAnalyseEnable', 'h'),
    ('nSignalType', 'h'),
    ('nDigitalEnable', 'h'),
    ('nActiveDACChannel', 'h'),
    ('nDigitalHolding', 'h'),
    ('nDigitalInterEpisode', 'h'),
    ('nDigitalDACChannel', 'h'),
    ('nDigitalTrainActiveLogic', 'h'),
    ('nStatsEnable', 'h'),
    ('nStatisticsClearStrategy', 'h'),
    ('nLevelHysteresis', 'h'),
    ('lTimeHysteresis', 'i'),
    ('nAllowExternalTags', 'h'),
    ('nAverageAlgorithm', 'h'),
    ('fAverageWeighting', 'f'),
    ('nUndoPromptStrategy', 'h'),
    ('nTrialTriggerSource', 'h'),
    ('nStatisticsDisplayStrategy', 'h'),
    ('nExternalTagType', 'h'),
    ('nScopeTriggerOut', 'h'),
    ('nLTPType', 'h'),
    ('nAlternateDACOutputState', 'h'),
    ('nAlternateDigitalOutputState', 'h'),
    ('fCellID', '3f'),
    ('nDigitizerADCs', 'h'),
    ('nDigitizerDACs', 'h'),
    ('nDigitizerTotalDigitalOuts', 'h'),
    ('nDigitizerSynchDigitalOuts', 'h'),
    ('nDigitizerType', 'h'),
    ]

ADCInfoDescription = [
    ('nADCNum', 'h'),
    ('nTelegraphEnable', 'h'),
    ('nTelegraphInstrument', 'h'),
    ('fTelegraphAdditGain', 'f'),
    ('fTelegraphFilter', 'f'),
    ('fTelegraphMembraneCap', 'f'),
    ('nTelegraphMode', 'h'),
    ('fTelegraphAccessResistance', 'f'),
    ('nADCPtoLChannelMap', 'h'),
    ('nADCSamplingSeq', 'h'),
    ('fADCProgrammableGain', 'f'),
    ('fADCDisplayAmplification', 'f'),
    ('fADCDisplayOffset', 'f'),
    ('fInstrumentScaleFactor', 'f'),
    ('fInstrumentOffset', 'f'),
    ('fSignalGain', 'f'),
    ('fSignalOffset', 'f'),
    ('fSignalLowpassFilter', 'f'),
    ('fSignalHighpassFilter', 'f'),
    ('nLowpassFilterType', 'b'),
    ('nHighpassFilterType', 'b'),
    ('fPostProcessLowpassFilter', 'f'),
    ('nPostProcessLowpassFilterType', 'c'),
    ('bEnabledDuringPN', 'b'),
    ('nStatsChannelPolarity', 'h'),
    ('lADCChannelNameIndex', 'i'),
    ('lADCUnitsIndex', 'i'),
    ]

TagInfoDescription = [
    ('lTagTime', 'i'),
    ('sComment', '56s'),
    ('nTagType', 'h'),
    ('nVoiceTagNumber_or_AnnotationIndex', 'h'),
    ]

DACInfoDescription = [
    ('nDACNum', 'h'),
    ('nTelegraphDACScaleFactorEnable', 'h'),
    ('fInstrumentHoldingLevel', 'f'),
    ('fDACScaleFactor', 'f'),
    ('fDACHoldingLevel', 'f'),
    ('fDACCalibrationFactor', 'f'),
    ('fDACCalibrationOffset', 'f'),
    ('lDACChannelNameIndex', 'i'),
    ('lDACChannelUnitsIndex', 'i'),
    ('lDACFilePtr', 'i'),
    ('lDACFileNumEpisodes', 'i'),
    ('nWaveformEnable', 'h'),
    ('nWaveformSource', 'h'),
    ('nInterEpisodeLevel', 'h'),
    ('fDACFileScale', 'f'),
    ('fDACFileOffset', 'f'),
    ('lDACFileEpisodeNum', 'i'),
    ('nDACFileADCNum', 'h'),
    ('nConditEnable', 'h'),
    ('lConditNumPulses', 'i'),
    ('fBaselineDuration', 'f'),
    ('fBaselineLevel', 'f'),
    ('fStepDuration', 'f'),
    ('fStepLevel', 'f'),
    ('fPostTrainPeriod', 'f'),
    ('fPostTrainLevel', 'f'),
    ('nMembTestEnable', 'h'),
    ('nLeakSubtractType', 'h'),
    ('nPNPolarity', 'h'),
    ('fPNHoldingLevel', 'f'),
    ('nPNNumADCChannels', 'h'),
    ('nPNPosition', 'h'),
    ('nPNNumPulses', 'h'),
    ('fPNSettlingTime', 'f'),
    ('fPNInterpulse', 'f'),
    ('nLTPUsageOfDAC', 'h'),
    ('nLTPPresynapticPulses', 'h'),
    ('lDACFilePathIndex', 'i'),
    ('fMembTestPreSettlingTimeMS', 'f'),
    ('fMembTestPostSettlingTimeMS', 'f'),
    ('nLeakSubtractADCIndex', 'h'),
    ('sUnused', '124s'),
    ]

EpochInfoPerDACDescription = [
    ('nEpochNum', 'h'),
    ('nDACNum', 'h'),
    ('nEpochType', 'h'),
    ('fEpochInitLevel', 'f'),
    ('fEpochLevelInc', 'f'),
    ('lEpochInitDuration', 'i'),
    ('lEpochDurationInc', 'i'),
    ('lEpochPulsePeriod', 'i'),
    ('lEpochPulseWidth', 'i'),
    ('sUnused', '18s'),
    ]

EpochInfoDescription = [
    ('nEpochNum', 'h'),
    ('nDigitalValue', 'h'),
    ('nDigitalTrainValue', 'h'),
    ('nAlternateDigitalValue', 'h'),
    ('nAlternateDigitalTrainValue', 'h'),
    ('bEpochCompression', 'b'),
    ('sUnused', '21s'),
    ]