ChristianGerloff/INS-disorders-publication: This repository contains the SI Files S1-S3 of the publication Interpersonal Neural Synchrony and Mental Disorders: Unlocking Potential Pathways for Clinical Interventions @ 1352813c55f7b1459eaaa21acbe54b19aaec48de

Scheduled service maintenance on November 22

On Friday, November 22, 2024, between 06:00 CET and 18:00 CET, GIN services will undergo planned maintenance. Extended service interruptions should be expected. We will try to keep downtimes to a minimum, but recommend that users avoid critical tasks, large data uploads, or DOI requests during this time.

We apologize for any inconvenience.

{ "databases": [ "acm", "arxiv", "biorxiv", "ieee", "medrxiv", "pubmed", "scopus", "oc" ], "limit": 7000, "limit_per_database": 1000, "number_of_papers": 575, "number_of_papers_by_database": { "ACM": 1, "IEEE": 8, "PubMed": 530, "Scopus": 152, "arXiv": 4 }, "papers": [ { "abstract": "BACKGROUND BACKGROUND Lung protective ventilation aims at limiting lung stress and strain. By reducing the amount of pressure transmitted by the ventilator into the lungs, diaphragm neurostimulation offers a promising approach to minimize ventilator induced lung injury. This study investigates the physiological effects of diaphragm neurostimulation in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. The hypothesis was that diaphragm neurostimulation would improve oxygenation, would limit the distending pressures of the lungs and would improve cardiac output.\nMETHODS METHODS Patients with moderate ARDS were included after 48 hours of invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) and had a left subclavian catheter placed to deliver bilateral transvenous phrenic nerve stimulation. Two 60-minute volume-controlled MV (control) sessions were interspersed by two 60-minute diaphragm neurostimulation sessions delivered continually, in synchrony with the ventilator (MV+STIM). Gas exchange, lung mechanics, chest electrical impedance tomography and cardiac index were continuously monitored and compared across four sessions. The primary endpoint was the PaO2/FiO2 ratio at the end of each session and the secondary endpoints were lung mechanics and hemodynamics.\nRESULTS RESULTS Thirteen patients were enrolled but the catheter could not be inserted in one, leaving 12 patients for analysis. All sessions were conducted without interruption and well tolerated. The PaO2/FiO2 ratio did not change over the four sessions. Plateau pressure was 23 (20 - 31) cmH2O and 21 (17 - 25) cmH2O, driving pressure was 14 (12 - 18) cmH2O and 11 (10 - 13) cmH2O and end inspiratory transpulmonary pressure was 9 (5 - 11) cmH2O and 7 (4 - 11) cmH2O during MV alone and during MV+STIM session respectively. The dorsal/ventral ventilation surface ratio was 0.70 (0.54 - 0.91) when on MV and 1.20 (0.76 - 1.33) during the MV+STIM session. The cardiac index was 2.7 (2.3 - 3.5) L/min/m 2 on MV and 3.0 (2.4 - 3.9) L/min/m 2 on MV+STIM.\nCONCLUSION CONCLUSIONS This proof-of-concept study showed the feasibility of short-term diaphragm neurostimulation in conjunction with mechanical ventilation in ARDS patients. Diaphragm neurostimulation was associated with positive effects on lung mechanics and on hemodynamics.", "authors": [ "Parfait, M\u00e9lodie", "Rohrs, Elizabeth", "Joussellin, Vincent", "Mayaux, Julien", "Decav\u00e8le, Maxens", "Reynolds, Steven", "Similowski, Thomas", "Demoule, Alexandre", "Dres, Martin" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1097/ALN.0000000000004873", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": null, "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 9.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1528-1175", "publisher": "Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Ltd.", "sjr": 1.706, "snip": 2.702, "subject_areas": [ "Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine" ], "title": "Anesthesiology" }, "publication_date": "2023-12-13", "selected": false, "title": "An Initial Investigation of Diaphragm Neurostimulation in Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique that is being tested clinically for treatment of a variety of neural disorders. Animal studies investigating the underlying mechanisms of tACS are scarce, and nearly absent in the cerebellum. In the present study, we applied 10\u00e2\u0080\u0093400 Hz alternating currents (AC) to the cerebellar cortex in ketamine/xylazine anesthetized rats. The spiking activity of cerebellar nuclear (CN) cells was transsynaptically entrained to the frequency of AC stimulation in an intensity and frequency-dependent manner. Interestingly, there was a tuning curve for modulation where the frequencies in the midrange (100 and 150 Hz) were more effective, although the stimulation frequency for maximum modulation differed for each CN cell with slight dependence on the stimulation amplitude. CN spikes were entrained with latencies of a few milliseconds with respect to the AC stimulation cycle. These short latencies and that the transsynaptic modulation of the CN cells can occur at such high frequencies strongly suggests that PC simple spike synchrony at millisecond time scales is the underlying mechanism for CN cell entrainment. These results show that subthreshold AC stimulation can induce such PC spike synchrony without resorting to supra-threshold pulse stimulation for precise timing. Transsynaptic entrainment of deep CN cells via cortical stimulation could help keep stimulation currents within safety limits in tACS applications, allowing development of tACS as an alternative treatment to deep cerebellar stimulation. Our results also provide a possible explanation for human trials of cerebellar stimulation where the functional impacts of tACS were frequency dependent. Copyright \u00c2\u00a9 2023 Kang, Lang and Sahin.", "authors": [ "Kang, Qi", "Lang, Eric J", "Sahin, Mesut" ], "categories": null, "citations": 0, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.3389/fnins.2023.1282322", "keywords": [ "N tES", "N Purkinje cell synchrony", "@UI", "N tDCS", "N transcranial AC stimulation (tACS)", "N neuromodulation", "#text", "N cerebellum" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "1282322", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.8, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1662-4548", "publisher": "Frontiers Media S.A.", "sjr": 1.161, "snip": 1.221, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Frontiers in neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2023-11-10", "selected": false, "title": "Transsynaptic entrainment of cerebellar nuclear cells by alternating currents in a frequency dependent manner.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85177677433&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Emerging neuromodulatory treatments, such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) and responsive neurostimulation (RNS), have shown promise in reducing drug-resistant seizures. While centromedian thalamic nucleus and anterior thalamic nucleus stimulation have been effective in certain types of seizures, limited research has explored pulvinar nucleus stimulation for epilepsy. To address this gap, we conducted a systematic review and individual patient data analysis. Of 78 resultant articles, 5 studies with transient stimulation and chronic stimulation of the pulvinar nucleus were included. Of the 20 patients reviewed, 65% of patients had temporal lobe seizures, while 20% had temporooccipital/occipital lobe seizures. Transient stimulation studies via stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) showed pulvinar evoked potential response rates of 80% in the mesial temporal region, 76% in the temporal neocortex, and 67% in the TP junction. Another study reported clinically less severe seizures in 62.5% of patients with pulvinar stimulation. In chronic stimulation studies, 80% of patients responded to RNS or DBS, and 2 of 4 patients experienced > 90% seizure reduction. The pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus emerges as a potential target for chronic stimulation in drug-resistant epilepsy. However, knowledge regarding pulvinar connectivity and chronic stimulation remains limited. Further research should investigate specific subregions of the pulvinar for epilepsy treatment. Understanding the role of pulvinar stimulation and its cortical connectivity will advance therapeutic interventions for epilepsy patients.", "authors": [ "Wong, Georgia M", "Hofmann, Katherine", "Shlobin, Nathan A", "Tsuchida, Tammy N", "Gaillard, William D", "Oluigbo, Chima O" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.clineuro.2023.108041", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "N Stimulation", "N Thalamus", "N Pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus", "N Responsive neurostimulation", "N Drug-resistant epilepsy", "N Seizures", "N Epilepsy", "D000078182 Systematic Review" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "108041", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.2, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1872-6968", "publisher": "Elsevier", "sjr": 0.538, "snip": 0.785, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "Clinical neurology and neurosurgery" }, "publication_date": "2023-11-02", "selected": false, "title": "Stimulation of the pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus in epilepsy: A systematic review and individual patient data (IPD) analysis.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative progressive disorders. Despite the dominance of neurostimulation technology, stereotactic lesioning operations play a significant role in the treatment of PD. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of staged bilateral asymmetric radiofrequency (RF) stereotactic lesioning in a highly selected group of PD patients.\nMATERIAL AND METHODS METHODS A retrospective review of 418 consecutive patients undergoing stereotactic ablation for advanced PD at our institution revealed 28 patients who underwent staged asymmetric bilateral ablation. In this subset, after initial RF thalamotomy, contralateral pallidotomy was performed in 16 (57.1%) patients (group Vim-GPi), and contralateral lesion of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) was performed in 12 (32.9%) patients (group Vim-STN). The mean duration of disease before the first surgery was 9.9 \u00b1 0.8 years. The mean interval between the two operations was 3.5 \u00b1 0.4 years (range, 1-10 years); in the Vim-GPi group, it was 3.1 \u00b1 0.4 years; and in the Vim-STN group, it was 4.3 \u00b1 0.1 years. After the second operation, the long-term follow-up lasted from 1 to 8 years (mean 4.8 \u00b1 0.5 years). All patients were evaluated 1 year after the second operation.\nRESULTS RESULTS One year after staged bilateral lesioning, the mean tremor score improved from baseline, prior to the first operation, from 19.8 to 3.8 (improvement of 81%), the overall mean rigidity score improved from 11.0 to 3.7 (improvement of 66%), and hypokinesia improved from 14.8 to 8.9 (improvement of 40%). One year after staged bilateral lesioning, the total UPDRS score improved in the Vim-GPi group by 47% in the OFF and 45.9% in the ON states. In the Vim-STN group, the total UPDRS score improved from baseline, prior to the first operation, by 44.8% in the OFF and 51.6% in the ON states. Overall, levodopa dose was reduced by 43.4%. Neurological complications were observed in 4 (14.3%) cases; among them, 1 (3.6%) patient had permanent events related to local ischemia after pallidotomy.\nCONCLUSION CONCLUSIONS Staged asymmetric bilateral stereotactic RF lesioning can be a safe and effective method in highly selected patients with advanced PD, particularly where deep brain stimulation is not available or desirable. Careful identification and selection of patients for ablative surgery allow achieving optimal results in the treatment of PD with bilateral symptoms.", "authors": [ "Kostiuk, Kostiantyn" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1159/000534084", "keywords": [ "N Parkinson\u2019s disease", "N Bilateral lesioning", "N Pallidotomy", "#text", "N Subthalamotomy", "@UI", "N Thalamotomy" ], "number_of_pages": 10, "pages": "359-368", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1423-0372", "publisher": "S. Karger AG", "sjr": 0.446, "snip": 0.767, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery" }, "publication_date": "2023-10-16", "selected": false, "title": "Stereotactic Staged Asymmetric Bilateral Radiofrequency Lesioning for Parkinson's Disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Coordination is crucial for individuals to achieve common goals; however, the causal relationship between coordination behavior and neural activity has not yet been explored. Interbrain synchronization (IBS) and neural efficiency in cortical areas associated with the mirror neuron system (MNS) are considered two potential brain mechanisms. In the present study, we attempted to clarify how the two mechanisms facilitate coordination using hypertranscranial electrical stimulation (hyper-tES). A total of 124 healthy young adults were randomly divided into three groups (the hyper-tACS, hyper-tDCS and sham groups) and underwent modulation of the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) during functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Increased IBS of the PFC or neural efficiency of the right IFG (related to the MNS) was accompanied by greater coordination behavior; IBS had longer-lasting effects on behavior. Our findings highlight the importance of IBS and neural efficiency of the frontal cortex for coordination and suggest potential interventions to improve coordination in different temporal windows. \u00c2\u00a9 2023", "authors": [ "Lu, Hongliang", "Wang, Xinlu", "Zhang, Yajuan", "Huang, Peng", "Xing, Chen", "Zhang, Mingming", "Zhu, Xia" ], "categories": null, "citations": 0, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120385", "keywords": [ "N Coordination", "N Functional near-infrared spectroscopy", "N Mirror neuron system", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Hypertranscranial electrical stimulation", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "D016449 Randomized Controlled Trial", "N Interbrain synchronization" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "120385", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 11.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1095-9572", "publisher": "Academic Press Inc.", "sjr": 2.512, "snip": 1.782, "subject_areas": [ "Cognitive Neuroscience", "Neurology" ], "title": "NeuroImage" }, "publication_date": "2023-10-12", "selected": true, "title": "Increased interbrain synchronization and neural efficiency of the frontal cortex to enhance human coordinative behavior: A combined hyper-tES and fNIRS study.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85173677281&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective treatment option for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, clinical programming remains challenging with segmented electrodes.\nOBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE Using novel sensing-enabled neurostimulators, we investigated local field potentials (LFPs) and their modulation by DBS to assess whether electrophysiological biomarkers may facilitate clinical programming in chronically implanted patients.\nMETHODS METHODS Sixteen patients (31 hemispheres) with PD implanted with segmented electrodes in the subthalamic nucleus and a sensing-enabled neurostimulator were included in this study. Recordings were conducted 3 months after DBS surgery following overnight withdrawal of dopaminergic medication. LFPs were acquired while stimulation was turned OFF and during a monopolar review of both directional and ring contacts. Directional beta power and stimulation-induced beta power suppression were computed. Motor performance, as assessed by a pronation-supination task, clinical programming and electrode placement were correlated to directional beta power and stimulation-induced beta power suppression.\nRESULTS RESULTS Better motor performance was associated with stronger beta power suppression at higher stimulation amplitudes. Across directional contacts, differences in directional beta power and the extent of stimulation-induced beta power suppression predicted motor performance. However, within individual hemispheres, beta power suppression was superior to directional beta power in selecting the contact with the best motor performance. Contacts clinically activated for chronic stimulation were associated with stronger beta power suppression than non-activated contacts.\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that stimulation-induced \u03b2 power suppression is superior to directional \u03b2 power in selecting the clinically most effective contact. In sum, electrophysiological biomarkers may guide programming of directional DBS systems in PD patients. \u00a9 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.", "authors": [ "Busch, Johannes L", "Kaplan, Jonathan", "Bahners, Bahne H", "Roediger, Jan", "Faust, Katharina", "Schneider, Gerd-Helge", "Florin, Esther", "Schnitzler, Alfons", "Krause, Patricia", "K\u00fchn, Andrea A" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1002/mds.29626", "keywords": [ "N Parkinson's disease", "@UI", "N deep brain stimulation", "#text", "N local field potentials" ], "number_of_pages": 12, "pages": "2185-2196", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 13.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1531-8257", "publisher": "John Wiley & Sons Inc.", "sjr": 2.602, "snip": 1.981, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society" }, "publication_date": "2023-10-12", "selected": false, "title": "Local Field Potentials Predict Motor Performance in Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The increasing popularity and usage of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has brought about new challenges in airspace management. With the number of drones expected to grow even further in the coming years, there is an urgent need for an autonomous traffic management system (TMS) that can safely and effectively manage drone traffic in the airspace. It is critical that this TMS be built with principles of the Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability (CIA) triad. In this paper, a traffic management system for UAVs is presented that takes advantage of a Hyperledger Fabric blockchain network. The TMS provides a decentralized and secure method to manage and deconflict drone flight paths, allowing for safe navigation in crowded airspaces. Through a series of simulated experiments, we demonstrated the system\u00e2\u0080\u0099s capabilities in handling path creation, multiple conflict resolutions, and large numbers of drones. Simulated tests showed that the proposed system was able to handle deconfliction of 1000 drones inside of a one square kilometer, and returned calculated paths for drones in 60 to 2000 ms with up to 100 deconflictions. The Hyperledger Fabric powered traffic management system showcased the potential to leverage permissioned blockchain technology in improving drone traffic management. \u00c2\u00a9 2023 by the authors.", "authors": [ "Keith, A.", "Sangarapillai, T.", "Almehmadi, A.", "El-Khatib, K." ], "categories": null, "citations": 0, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus" ], "doi": "10.3390/app131910950", "keywords": [ "Hyperledger Fabric", "blockchain networks", "drone traffic management", "UAVs", "conflict resolution" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": null, "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": null, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": null, "publisher": null, "sjr": null, "snip": null, "subject_areas": [], "title": "Applied Sciences (Switzerland)" }, "publication_date": "2023-10-01", "selected": false, "title": "A Blockchain-Powered Traffic Management System for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85174185166&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "The thalamus is a key structure that plays a crucial role in initiating and propagating seizures. Recent advancements in neuroimaging and neurophysiology have identified the thalamus as a promising target for neuromodulation in drug-resistant epilepsies. This review article presents the latest innovations in thalamic targets and neuromodulation paradigms being explored in pilot or pivotal clinical trials. Multifocal temporal plus or posterior quadrant epilepsies are evaluated with pulvinar thalamus neuromodulation, while centromedian thalamus is explored in generalized epilepsies and Lennox Gastaut syndrome. Multinodal thalamocortical neuromodulation with novel stimulation paradigms such as long bursting or low-frequency stimulation is being investigated to quench the epileptic network excitability. Beyond seizure control, thalamic neuromodulation to restore consciousness is being studied. This review highlights the promising potential of thalamic neuromodulation in epilepsy treatment, offering hope to patients who have not responded to conventional medical therapies. However, it also emphasizes the need for larger randomized controlled trials and personalized stimulation paradigms to improve patient outcomes further.", "authors": [ "Manjunatha, Ramya Talanki", "Vakilna, Yash Shashank", "Chaitanya, Ganne", "Alamoudi, Omar", "Ilyas, Adeel", "Pati, Sandipan" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2023.107219", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "D016428 Journal Article", "D016454 Review", "N Centromedian nucleus", "N Responsive neurostimulation", "N Medial pulvinar nucleus", "N Drug-resistant epilepsy", "N Central lateral nucleus" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "107219", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 4.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1872-6844", "publisher": "Elsevier", "sjr": 0.727, "snip": 0.815, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Epilepsy research" }, "publication_date": "2023-08-30", "selected": false, "title": "Advancing the frontiers of thalamic neuromodulation: A review of emerging targets and paradigms.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Stimulation-evoked signals are starting to be used as biomarkers to indicate the state and health of brain networks. The human limbic network, often targeted for brain stimulation therapy, is involved in emotion and memory processing. Previous anatomic, neurophysiological, and functional studies suggest distinct subsystems within the limbic network (Rolls, 2015). Studies using intracranial electrical stimulation, however, have emphasized the similarities of the evoked waveforms across the limbic network. We test whether these subsystems have distinct stimulation-driven signatures. In eight patients (four male, four female) with drug-resistant epilepsy, we stimulated the limbic system with single-pulse electrical stimulation. Reliable corticocortical evoked potentials (CCEPs) were measured between hippocampus and the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and between the amygdala and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). However, the CCEP waveform in the PCC after hippocampal stimulation showed a unique and reliable morphology, which we term the \"limbic Hippocampus-Anterior nucleus of the thalamus-Posterior cingulate, HAP-wave.\" This limbic HAP-wave was visually distinct and separately decoded from the CCEP waveform in ACC after amygdala stimulation. Diffusion MRI data show that the measured end points in the PCC overlap with the end points of the parolfactory cingulum bundle rather than the parahippocampal cingulum, suggesting that the limbic HAP-wave may travel through fornix, mammillary bodies, and the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT). This was further confirmed by stimulating the ANT, which evoked the same limbic HAP-wave but with an earlier latency. Limbic subsystems have unique stimulation-evoked signatures that may be used in the future to help network pathology diagnosis. The limbic system is often compromised in diverse clinical conditions, such as epilepsy or Alzheimer's disease, and characterizing its typical circuit responses may provide diagnostic insight. Stimulation-evoked waveforms have been used in the motor system to diagnose circuit pathology. We translate this framework to limbic subsystems using human intracranial stereo EEG (sEEG) recordings that measure deeper brain areas. Our sEEG recordings describe a stimulation-evoked waveform characteristic to the memory and spatial subsystem of the limbic network that we term the \"limbic HAP-wave.\" The limbic HAP-wave follows anatomic white matter pathways from hippocampus to thalamus to the posterior cingulum and shows promise as a distinct biomarker of signaling in the human brain memory and spatial limbic network.", "authors": [ "Ojeda Valencia, Gabriela", "Gregg, Nicholas M", "Huang, Harvey", "Lundstrom, Brian N", "Brinkmann, Benjamin H", "Pal Attia, Tal", "Van Gompel, Jamie J", "Bernstein, Matt A", "In, Myung-Ho", "Huston, John", "Worrell, Gregory A", "Miller, Kai J", "Hermes, Dora" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2201-22.2023", "keywords": [ "N posterior cingulate cortex", "D016428 Journal Article", "D052061 Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "N electrophysiology", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N connectivity", "N limbic system", "N iEEG", "N networks" ], "number_of_pages": 15, "pages": "6697-6711", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 9.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1529-2401", "publisher": "Society for Neuroscience", "sjr": 2.35, "snip": 1.471, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2023-08-24", "selected": false, "title": "Signatures of Electrical Stimulation Driven Network Interactions in the Human Limbic System.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Whether and how shared intentionality (SI) influences the establishment of a novel interpersonal communication system is poorly understood. To investigate this issue, we designed a coordinating symbolic communication game (CSCG) and applied behavioral, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)-based hyperscanning, and hyper-transcranial alternating current stimulation (hyper-tACS) methods. Here we show that\u00c2 SI is a strong contributor to communicative accuracy. Moreover, SI, communicative accuracy, and interpersonal neural synchronization (INS) in the right superior temporal gyrus (rSTG) are higher when dyads successfully establish a novel communication system. Furthermore, the SI influences communicative accuracy by increasing INS. Additionally, using time series and long short-term memory neural network analyses, we find that the INS can predict communicative accuracy at the early formation stage of the communication system. Importantly, the INS partially mediates the relationship between the SI and the communicative accuracy only at the formation stage of the communication system. In contrast, when the communication system is established, SI and INS no longer contribute to communicative accuracy. Finally, the hyper-tACS experiment confirms that INS has a causal effect on communicative accuracy. These findings suggest a behavioral and neural mechanism, subserved by the SI and INS, that underlies the establishment of a novel interpersonal communication system. \u00c2\u00a9 2023, Springer Nature Limited.", "authors": [ "Liu, Jieqiong", "Zhang, Ruqian", "Xie, Enhui", "Lin, Yixuan", "Chen, Danni", "Liu, Yang", "Li, Keshuang", "Chen, Mei", "Li, Yangzhuo", "Wang, Guanghai", "Li, Xianchun" ], "categories": null, "citations": 3, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1038/s42003-023-05197-z", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "832", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2399-3642", "publisher": "Springer Nature", "sjr": 2.251, "snip": 1.359, "subject_areas": [ "Medicine (miscellaneous)", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences (all)", "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all)" ], "title": "Communications biology" }, "publication_date": "2023-08-10", "selected": true, "title": "Shared intentionality modulates interpersonal neural synchronization at the establishment of communication system.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85167721831&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND Prompt dissemination of clinical trial results is essential for ensuring the safety and efficacy of intracranial neurostimulation treatments, including deep brain stimulation (DBS) and responsive neurostimulation (RNS). However, the frequency and completeness of results publication, and reasons for reporting delays, are unknown. Moreover, the patient populations, targeted anatomical locations, and stimulation parameters should be clearly reported for both reproducibility and to identify lacunae in trial design. Here, we examine DBS and RNS trials from 1997 to 2022, chart their characteristics, and examine rates and predictors of results reporting.\nMETHODS METHODS Trials were identified using <ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://ClinicalTrials.gov\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">ClinicalTrials.gov</ext-link>. Associated publications were identified using <ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://ClinicalTrials.gov\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">ClinicalTrials.gov</ext-link> and <ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://PubMed.gov\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">PubMed.gov</ext-link>. Pearson's \u03c72 tests were used to assess differences in trial characteristics between published and unpublished trials.\nRESULTS RESULTS Across 449 trials, representing a cumulative cohort of 42,769 patient interventions, there were 37 therapeutic indications and 44 stimulation targets. The most common indication and target were Parkinson's disease (40.55%) and the subthalamic nucleus (35.88%), respectively. Only 0.89% of trials were in pediatric patients (11.58% were mixed pediatric and adult). Explored targets represented 75% of potential basal ganglia targets but only 29% of potential thalamic targets. Allowing a 1-year grace period after trial completion, 34/169 (20.12%) had results reported on <ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://ClinicalTrials.gov\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">ClinicalTrials.gov</ext-link>, and 107/169 (63.31%) were published. \u223c80% of published trials included details about stimulation parameters used. Published and unpublished trials did not significantly differ by trial characteristics.\nCONCLUSION CONCLUSIONS We highlight key knowledge and performance gaps in DBS and RNS trial research. Over one-third of trials remain unpublished >1 year after completion; pediatric trials are scarce; most of the thalamus remains unexplored; about one-in-five trials fail to report stimulation parameters; and movement disorders comprise the most studied indications.", "authors": [ "Chua, Melissa M J", "Warren, Aaron E L", "Cosgrove, G Rees", "Rolston, John D" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1159/000531161", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "N Neurosurgery", "@UI", "N Clinical trials", "N Responsive neurostimulation", "N Neuromodulation", "N Publication", "#text" ], "number_of_pages": 14, "pages": "287-300", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1423-0372", "publisher": "S. Karger AG", "sjr": 0.446, "snip": 0.767, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery" }, "publication_date": "2023-08-08", "selected": false, "title": "Publication Rates and Characteristics of Clinical Trials in Deep Brain and Responsive Neurostimulation.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE To characterize ictal EEG change in the centromedian (CM) and anterior nucleus (AN) of the thalamus, using stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) recordings.\nMETHODS Forty habitual seizures were analyzed in nine patients with pediatric-onset neocortical drug-resistant epilepsy who underwent SEEG (age 2-25 y) with thalamic coverage. Both visual and quantitative analysis was used to evaluate ictal EEG signal in the cortex and thalamus. The amplitude and cortico-thalamic latencies of broadband frequencies at ictal onset were measured.\nRESULTS Visual analysis demonstrated consistent detection of ictal EEG changes in both the CM nucleus and AN nucleus with latency to thalamic ictal EEG changes of less than 400\u00a0ms in 95% of seizures, with low-voltage fast activity being the most common ictal pattern. Quantitative broadband amplitude analysis showed consistent power changes across the frequency bands, corresponding to ictal EEG onset, while while ictal EEG latency was variable from -18.0 seconds to 13.2 seconds. There was no significant difference between detection of CM and AN ictal activity on visual or amplitude analysis. Four patients with subsequent thalamic responsive neurostimulation (RNS) demonstrated ictal EEG changes consistent with SEEG findings.\nCONCLUSIONS Ictal EEG changes were consistently seen at the CM and AN of the thalamus during neocortical seizures.\nSIGNIFICANCE It may be feasible to use a closed-loop system in the thalamus to detect and modulate seizure activity for neocortical epilepsy.", "authors": [ "Edmonds, Benjamin", "Miyakoshi, Makoto", "Gianmaria Remore, Luigi", "Ahn, Samuel", "Westley Phillips, H", "Daida, Atsuro", "Salamon, Noriko", "Bari, Ausaf", "Sankar, Raman", "Matsumoto, Joyce H", "Fallah, Aria", "Nariai, Hiroki" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.clinph.2023.07.007", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "N Thalamus", "N Epilepsy surgery", "D052061 Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Neurostimulation", "D013486 Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.", "N Drug-resistant epilepsy", "N RNS" ], "number_of_pages": 10, "pages": "116-125", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1872-8952", "publisher": "Elsevier Ireland Ltd", "sjr": 1.212, "snip": 1.482, "subject_areas": [ "Physiology (medical)", "Neurology (clinical)", "Sensory Systems", "Neurology" ], "title": "Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology" }, "publication_date": "2023-08-06", "selected": false, "title": "Characteristics of ictal thalamic EEG in pediatric-onset neocortical focal epilepsy.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT DBS) is a neuromodulation therapy for patients with refractory focal seizures evolving into bilateral tonic-clonic seizures when pharmacotherapy as well other neuromodulation techniques including vagus nerve stimulation or responsive neurostimulation have failed.\nOBJECTIVE We performed a prospective single-center study investigating the clinical efficacy and exact ANT DBS lead location in patients with DRE.\nMETHODS The primary outcome measure was the proportion of patients with more than 50 % reduction in diary-recorded seizures when compared to three preoperative months (baseline seizure frequency). The close postoperative follow-up was performed every 3 months. The seizure frequency, stimulation settings and adverse events were closely monitored during follow-up visits. We also analyzed the seizure outcome with location of ANT DBS active contacts.\nRESULTS Between May 2020 and October 2022, 10 adult patients with a mean age of 38.5 years (range, 30-48 years) underwent bilateral ANT DBS surgery (mean duration of DRE 28.6 years, range 16-41 years). The median seizure count in three months period preceding surgery (baseline seizure count) was 43.2 (range, 4-150). Nine patients achieved more than 50 % seizure reduction at the last follow-up (mean range 3-33 13.6 months, months). ANT DBS caused seizure reduction 3 months after procedure as well as at last follow-up by 60.4 % and 73.3 %, respectively. Due to relatively small number of studying individuals we cannot precisely locate the area within ANT associated with good clinical outcome. Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy had a remarkable reduction of seizure frequency. No patient suffered transient or permanent neurological deficits.\nCONCLUSIONS Clinical efficacy of ANT DBS may support more widespread utilization of this neuromodulation technique especially for seizures originating from temporal lobes.", "authors": [ "Sobstyl, Micha\u0142", "Konopko, Magdalena", "Sienkiewicz-Jarosz, Halina", "Kurkowska-Jastrz\u0119bska, Iwona", "Naga\u0144ska, Ewa", "Stapi\u0144ska-Syniec, Angelika", "Glinka, Piotr", "Rylski, Marcin" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2023.107199", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "#text", "N Thalamic stimulation", "N Anterior nucleus of the thalamus", "N Neuromodulation", "N Drug resistant epilepsy", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "107199", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 4.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1872-6844", "publisher": "Elsevier", "sjr": 0.727, "snip": 0.815, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Epilepsy research" }, "publication_date": "2023-07-27", "selected": false, "title": "Clinical efficacy and safety of anterior thalamic deep brain stimulation for intractable drug resistant epilepsy.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Silyl ether protecting groups are important tools in organic synthesis, ensuring selective reactions of hydroxyl functional groups. Enantiospecific formation or cleavage could simultaneously enable the resolution of racemic mixtures and thus significantly increase the efficiency of complex synthetic pathways. Based on reports that lipases, which today are already particularly important tools in chemical synthesis, can catalyze the enantiospecific turnover of trimethylsilanol (TMS)-protected alcohols, the goal of this study was to determine the conditions under which such a catalysis occurs. Through detailed experimental and mechanistic investigation, we demonstrated that although lipases mediate the turnover of TMS-protected alcohols, this occurs independently of the known catalytic triad, as this is unable to stabilize a tetrahedral intermediate. The reaction is essentially non-specific and therefore most likely completely independent of the active site. This rules out lipases as catalysts for the resolution of racemic mixtures of alcohols through protection or deprotection with silyl groups. \u00c2\u00a9 2023 The Authors. ChemBioChem published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.", "authors": [ "Pick, Lisa M", "Wenzlaff, Jessica", "Yousefi, Mohammad", "Davari, Mehdi D", "Ansorge-Schumacher, Marion B" ], "categories": null, "citations": 0, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1002/cbic.202300384", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "N TMS", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Silyl ether", "N CalB", "N Lipase", "N Deprotection" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "e202300384", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.2, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1439-7633", "publisher": "Wiley-VCH Verlag", "sjr": 0.942, "snip": 0.691, "subject_areas": [ "Organic Chemistry", "Molecular Biology", "Biochemistry", "Molecular Medicine" ], "title": "Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology" }, "publication_date": "2023-07-27", "selected": false, "title": "Lipase-Mediated Conversion of Protecting Group Silyl Ethers: An Unspecific Side Reaction.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85165897867&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex syndrome that may occur after life-threatening events. Fear memory abnormalities may play vital roles in the pathogenesis of PTSD. Previous work has found that fear memories are not rigid; the retrieval of fear memories may change over time. Furthermore, prior studies suggest that theta wave (4 Hz) activity is highly correlated with fear expression in an animal model. However, the relationship between pathological fear memory and potential brain wave features in PTSD remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we hypothesized that after traumatic stress exposure, the longitudinal dynamics of abnormal fears in PTSD animal models could be reflected by the measurement of local field potentials (LFPs). Using a well-established modified single-prolonged stress and footshock (SPS & FS) PTSD rat model, animals were restrained for 2 h and subsequently subjected to 20 min of forced swimming, then exposed to diethyl ether until they lost consciousness and placed in a conditioning chamber for fear conditioning. To characterize the temporal changes, we characterized freezing behavior brain wave features during the conditioning chamber re-exposure in the early (10 and 30 min; 2, 4, and 6 h) and late (day 1, 3, 7, and 14) phases after traumatic stress exposure. Our results indicate that SPS & FS rats showed co-morbid PTSD phenotypes including significantly higher levels of anxiety-, depression-, and anhedonia-like behaviors, and impaired fear extinction. Delta wave (0.5\u00e2\u0080\u00934 Hz) suppression in the medial prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and ventral hippocampus occurred 10 and 30 min after traumatic stress, followed by continuous delta wave activity from 2 h to day 14, correlating with fear levels. tDCS reduced delta activity and alleviated PTSD-like phenotypes in the SPS & FS group. In this study, profiling abnormal fears with brain wave correlates may improve our understanding of time-dependent pathological fear memory retrieval in PTSD and facilitate the development of effective intervention strategies. \u00c2\u00a9 2023 The Authors", "authors": [ "Chang, Shao-Han", "Chen, Huan-Yuan", "Shaw, Fu-Zen", "Shyu, Bai-Chuang" ], "categories": null, "citations": 0, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100554", "keywords": [ "N Traumatic memory", "N PTSD", "#text", "N Fear", "N Brain synchrony", "N Temporal development", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "100554", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 9.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2352-2895", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "sjr": 1.637, "snip": 1.295, "subject_areas": [ "Endocrine and Autonomic Systems", "Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience", "Biochemistry", "Endocrinology", "Molecular Biology", "Physiology" ], "title": "Neurobiology of stress" }, "publication_date": "2023-07-22", "selected": false, "title": "Early- and late-phase changes of brain activity and early-phase neuromodulation in the posttraumatic stress disorder rat model.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85166538184&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE In recent years, the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) has made greater use of surgery and expanded options for neurostimulation or neuromodulation. Up to this point, responsive neurostimulation (RNS) has been very promising but has mainly used only the cortex as a target. In this individual patient data meta-analysis (IPDMA), the authors sought to establish if a novel RNS target, the thalamus, can be used to treat DRE.\nMETHODS The literature regarding the management of DRE by targeting the thalamus with RNS was reviewed per IPDMA guidelines. Five databases were searched with keywords [((Responsive neurostimulation) OR (RNS)) AND ((thalamus) OR (thalamic) OR (Deep-seated) OR (Diencephalon) OR (limbic))] in March 2022.\nRESULTS The median (interquartile range) age at implantation was 17 (13.5-27.5) years (n = 42) with an epilepsy duration of 12.1 (5.8-15.3) years. In total, 52.4% of patients had previously undergone epilepsy surgery, 28.6% had prior vagus nerve stimulation, and 2.4% had prior RNS. The median preimplant seizure frequency was 12 per week. The median seizure reduction at last follow-up was 73%. No study in this IPDMA reported complications, although 7 cases (16.3%) did require reoperation. Behavioral improvements and reduced antiepileptic drug dose or quantity were reported for 80% and 28.6% of patients, respectively.\nCONCLUSIONS This review indicates that thalamic RNS may be safe and effective for treating DRE. Long-term and controlled studies on thalamic RNS for DRE would further elucidate this technique's potential benefits and complications and help guide clinical judgment in the management of DRE.", "authors": [ "Bystrom, Lauren L", "Levy, Adam S", "Brown, Erik C", "Fajardo, Marytery", "Wang, Shelly" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.3171/2023.5.PEDS22559", "keywords": [ "N epilepsy", "N thalamic nuclei", "N responsive neurostimulation", "D016428 Journal Article", "D016454 Review", "N functional neurosurgery", "N neuromodulation", "N RNS", "D017418 Meta-Analysis", "N NeuroPace" ], "number_of_pages": 10, "pages": "366-375", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 4.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1933-0715", "publisher": "American Association of Neurological Surgeons", "sjr": 0.812, "snip": 1.209, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health", "Surgery" ], "title": "Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics" }, "publication_date": "2023-06-16", "selected": false, "title": "Thalamic responsive neurostimulation for the treatment of refractory epilepsy: an individual patient data meta-analysis.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "C60 donor dyads in which the carbon cage is covalently linked to an electron-donating unit have been discussed as one possibility for an electron-transfer system, and it has been shown that spherical [Ge9] cluster anions show a close relation to fullerenes with respect to their electronic structure. However, the optical properties of these clusters and of functionalized cluster derivatives are almost unknown. We now report on the synthesis of the intensely red [Ge9] cluster linked to an extended \u00cf\u0080-electron system. [Ge9{Si(TMS)3}2{CH3C=N}-DAB(II)Dipp]\u00e2\u0088\u0092 (1\u00e2\u0088\u0092) is formed upon the reaction of [Ge9{Si(TMS)3}2]2\u00e2\u0088\u0092 with bromo-diazaborole DAB(II)Dipp-Br in CH3CN (TMS=trimethylsilyl; DAB(II)=1,3,2-diazaborole with an unsaturated backbone; Dipp=2,6-di-iso-propylphenyl). Reversible protonation of the imine entity in 1\u00e2\u0088\u0092 yields the deep green, zwitterionic cluster [Ge9{Si(TMS)3}2{CH3C=N(H)}-DAB(II)Dipp] (1-H) and vice versa. Optical spectroscopy combined with time-dependent density functional theory suggests a charge-transfer excitation between the cluster and the antibonding \u00cf\u0080* orbital of the imine moiety as the cause of the intense coloration. An absorption maximum of 1-H in the red region of the electromagnetic spectrum and the corresponding lowest-energy excited state at \u00ce\u00bb=669 nm make the compound an interesting starting point for further investigations targeting the design of photo-active cluster compounds. \u00c2\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Angewandte Chemie International Edition published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.", "authors": [ "Wallach, Christoph", "Selic, Yasmin", "Geitner, Felix S", "Kumar, Ajeet", "Thyrhaug, Erling", "Hauer, J\u00fcrgen", "Karttunen, Antti J", "F\u00e4ssler, Thomas F" ], "categories": null, "citations": 0, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1002/anie.202304088", "keywords": [ "N Synthesis", "N Laser Irradiation", "#text", "N Germanium Cluster", "N Chromophore", "@UI", "N Charge Transfer" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "e202304088", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 26.3, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1521-3773", "publisher": "John Wiley and Sons Ltd", "sjr": 5.573, "snip": 2.456, "subject_areas": [ "Catalysis", "Chemistry (all)" ], "title": "Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)" }, "publication_date": "2023-06-13", "selected": false, "title": "9 Probing Charge-Transfer Processes in a Covalently Linked [Ge ]-Cluster Imine Dyad.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85161687779&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND BACKGROUND Suppression of pathologically altered activity in the beta-band has previously been suggested as a biomarker for feedback-based neurostimulation in subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) for Parkinson's Disease (PD).\nOBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE To assess the utility of beta-band suppression as a tool for contact selection in STN-DBS for PD.\nMETHODS METHODS A sample of seven PD patients (13 hemispheres) with newly implanted directional DBS leads of the STN were recorded during a standardized monopolar contact review (MPR). Recordings were received from contact pairs adjacent to the stimulation contact. The degree of beta-band suppression for each investigated contact was then correlated to the respective clinical results. Additionally, we have implemented a cumulative ROC analysis, to test the predictive value of beta-band suppression on the clinical efficacy of the respective contacts.\nRESULTS RESULTS Stimulation ramping led to frequency-specific changes in the beta-band, while lower frequencies remained unaffected. Most importantly, our results showed that the degree of low beta-band suppression from baseline activity (stimulation off) served as a predictor for clinical efficacy of the respective stimulation contact. In contrast suppression of high beta-band activity yielded no predictive power.\nCONCLUSION CONCLUSIONS The degree of low beta-band suppression can serve as a time-saving, objective tool for contact selection in STN-DBS.", "authors": [ "Strelow, Joshua N", "Dembek, Till A", "Baldermann, Juan C", "Andrade, Pablo", "Fink, Gereon R", "Visser-Vandewalle, Veerle", "Barbe, Michael T" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105478", "keywords": [ "@UI", "N Nucleus subthalamicus (STN)", "N DBS programming", "#text", "N Deep brain stimulation (DBS)", "N Local field potential (LFP)" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "105478", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1873-5126", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "sjr": 1.05, "snip": 1.19, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Geriatrics and Gerontology", "Neurology" ], "title": "Parkinsonism & related disorders" }, "publication_date": "2023-06-12", "selected": false, "title": "Low beta-band suppression as a tool for DBS contact selection for akinetic-rigid symptoms in Parkinson's disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Adapting actions to changing goals and environments is central to intelligent behavior. There is evidence that the basal ganglia play a crucial role in reinforcing or adapting actions depending on their outcome. However, the corresponding electrophysiological correlates in the basal ganglia and the extent to which these causally contribute to action adaptation in humans is unclear. Here, we recorded electrophysiological activity and applied bursts of electrical stimulation to the subthalamic nucleus, a core area of the basal ganglia, in 16 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) on medication using temporarily externalized deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes. Patients as well as 16 age- and gender-matched healthy participants attempted to produce forces as close as possible to a target force to collect a maximum number of points. The target force changed over trials without being explicitly shown on the screen so that participants had to infer target force based on the feedback they received after each movement. Patients and healthy participants were able to adapt their force according to the feedback they received (P < 0.001). At the neural level, decreases in subthalamic beta (13 to 30 Hz) activity reflected poorer outcomes and stronger action adaptation in 2 distinct time windows (Pcluster-corrected < 0.05). Stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus reduced beta activity and led to stronger action adaptation if applied within the time windows when subthalamic activity reflected action outcomes and adaptation (Pcluster-corrected < 0.05). The more the stimulation volume was connected to motor cortex, the stronger was this behavioral effect (Pcorrected = 0.037). These results suggest that dynamic modulation of the subthalamic nucleus and interconnected cortical areas facilitates adaptive behavior.", "authors": [ "Herz, Damian M", "Bange, Manuel", "Gonzalez-Escamilla, Gabriel", "Auer, Miriam", "Muthuraman, Muthuraman", "Glaser, Martin", "Bogacz, Rafal", "Pogosyan, Alek", "Tan, Huiling", "Groppa, Sergiu", "Brown, Peter" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.3002140", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "e3002140", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 15.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1545-7885", "publisher": "Public Library of Science", "sjr": 4.005, "snip": 2.285, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences (all)", "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all)", "Immunology and Microbiology (all)" ], "title": "PLoS biology" }, "publication_date": "2023-06-01", "selected": false, "title": "Dynamic modulation of subthalamic nucleus activity facilitates adaptive behavior.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "INTRODUCTION Stimulation of the thalamus is gaining favor in the treatment of medically refractory multifocal and generalized epilepsy. Implanted brain stimulators capable of recording ambulatory local field potentials (LFPs) have recently been introduced, but there is little information to guide their use in thalamic stimulation for epilepsy. This study sought to assess the feasibility of chronically recording ambulatory interictal LFP from the thalamus in patients with epilepsy.\nMETHODS In this pilot study, ambulatory LFP was recorded from patients who underwent sensing-enabled deep brain stimulation (DBS, 2 participants) or responsive neurostimulation (RNS, 3 participants) targeting the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT, 2 electrodes), centromedian nucleus (CM, 7 electrodes), or medial pulvinar (PuM, 1 electrode) for multifocal or generalized epilepsy. Time-domain and frequency-domain LFP was investigated for epileptiform discharges, spectral peaks, circadian variation, and peri-ictal patterns.\nRESULTS Thalamic interictal discharges were visible on ambulatory recordings from both DBS and RNS. At-home interictal frequency-domain data could be extracted from both devices. Spectral peaks were noted at 10-15 Hz in CM, 6-11 Hz in ANT, and 19-24 Hz in PuM but varied in prominence and were not visible in all electrodes. In CM, 10-15 Hz power exhibited circadian variation and was attenuated by eye opening.\nCONCLUSION Chronic ambulatory recording of thalamic LFP is feasible. Common spectral peaks can be observed but vary between electrodes and across neural states. DBS and RNS devices provide a wealth of complementary data that have the potential to better inform thalamic stimulation for epilepsy.", "authors": [ "Satzer, David", "Wu, Shasha", "Henry, Julia", "Doll, Emily", "Issa, Naoum P", "None, None" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1159/000529961", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Thalamus", "D052061 Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "N Seizure", "N Responsive neurostimulation", "N Neuromodulation", "N Epilepsy" ], "number_of_pages": 12, "pages": "195-206", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1423-0372", "publisher": "S. Karger AG", "sjr": 0.446, "snip": 0.767, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery" }, "publication_date": "2023-05-22", "selected": false, "title": "Ambulatory Local Field Potential Recordings from the Thalamus in Epilepsy: A Feasibility Study.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE Subthalamic nucleus (STN) beta activity (13-30\u00a0Hz) is the most accepted biomarker for adaptive deep brain stimulation (aDBS) for Parkinson's disease (PD). We hypothesize that different frequencies within the beta range may exhibit distinct temporal dynamics and, as a consequence, different relationships to motor slowing and adaptive stimulation patterns. We aim to highlight the need for an objective method to determine the aDBS feedback signal.\nMETHODS STN LFPs were recorded in 15 PD patients at rest and while performing a cued motor task. The impact of beta bursts on motor performance was assessed for different beta candidate frequencies: the individual frequency strongest associated with motor slowing, the individual beta peak frequency, the frequency most modulated by movement execution, as well as the entire-, low- and high beta band. How these candidate frequencies differed in their bursting dynamics and theoretical aDBS stimulation patterns was further investigated.\nRESULTS The individual motor slowing frequency often differs from the individual beta peak or beta-related movement-modulation frequency. Minimal deviations from a selected target frequency as feedback signal for aDBS leads to a substantial drop in the burst overlapping and in the alignment of the theoretical onset of stimulation triggers (to\u00a0\u223c\u00a075% for 1\u00a0Hz, to\u00a0\u223c\u00a040% for 3\u00a0Hz deviation).\nCONCLUSIONS Clinical-temporal dynamics within the beta frequency range are highly diverse and deviating from a reference biomarker frequency can result in altered adaptive stimulation patterns.\nSIGNIFICANCE A clinical-neurophysiological interrogation could be helpful to determine the patient-specific feedback signal for aDBS.", "authors": [ "Alva, Laura", "Bernasconi, Elena", "Torrecillos, Flavie", "Fischer, Petra", "Averna, Alberto", "Bange, Manuel", "Mostofi, Abteen", "Pogosyan, Alek", "Ashkan, Keyoumars", "Muthuraman, Muthuraman", "Groppa, Sergiu", "Pereira, Erlick A", "Tan, Huiling", "Tinkhauser, Gerd" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.clinph.2023.04.013", "keywords": [ "N Parkinson\u2019s disease", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Local field potentials", "N Basal Ganglia", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Adaptive deep brain stimulation", "N DBS programming", "N Closed-loop DBS" ], "number_of_pages": 14, "pages": "43-56", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1872-8952", "publisher": "Elsevier Ireland Ltd", "sjr": 1.212, "snip": 1.482, "subject_areas": [ "Physiology (medical)", "Neurology (clinical)", "Sensory Systems", "Neurology" ], "title": "Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology" }, "publication_date": "2023-05-16", "selected": false, "title": "Clinical neurophysiological interrogation of motor slowing: A critical step towards tuning adaptive deep brain stimulation.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Major depressive disorder (MDD) is widely hypothesized to result from disordered communication across brain-wide networks. Yet, prior resting-state-functional MRI (rs-fMRI) studies of MDD have studied zero-lag temporal synchrony (functional connectivity) in brain activity absent directional information. We utilize the recent discovery of stereotyped brain-wide directed signaling patterns in humans to investigate the relationship between directed rs-fMRI activity, MDD, and treatment response to FDA-approved neurostimulation paradigm termed Stanford neuromodulation therapy (SNT). We find that SNT over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) induces directed signaling shifts in the left DLPFC and bilateral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Directional signaling shifts in the ACC, but not the DLPFC, predict improvement in depression symptoms, and moreover, pretreatment ACC signaling predicts both depression severity and the likelihood of SNT treatment response. Taken together, our findings suggest that ACC-based directed signaling patterns in rs-fMRI are a potential biomarker of MDD. Copyright \u00c2\u00a9 2023 the Author(s). Published by PNAS. This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND).", "authors": [ "Mitra, Anish", "Raichle, Marcus E", "Geoly, Andrew D", "Kratter, Ian H", "Williams, Nolan R" ], "categories": null, "citations": 3, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1073/pnas.2218958120", "keywords": [ "N brain stimulation", "D016428 Journal Article", "D052061 Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N functional MRI", "N depression" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "e2218958120", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 19.2, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1091-6490", "publisher": "National Academy of Sciences", "sjr": 4.026, "snip": 2.765, "subject_areas": [ "Multidisciplinary" ], "title": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America" }, "publication_date": "2023-05-15", "selected": false, "title": "Targeted neurostimulation reverses a spatiotemporal biomarker of treatment-resistant depression.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85159470168&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Background: Chronic low back pain is a debilitating condition that impacts millions of individuals around the world, and also has an enormous economic impact. The impact of chronic pain does not only involve physical health, but can also play a detrimental role in a patient's mental health. Consequently, it is critical to approach these patients with multimodal management. Initially, a treatment plan which includes medications, psychotherapy, physical therapy, and invasive interventions can be utilized for chronic back pain. However, many patients experience refractory low back pain to these initial treatments, which can result in non-resolving chronic pain. As a result, many new interventions have been developed in recent years to treat refractory low back pain, including non-invasive transcranial magnetic stimulation. In recent years, there has been some limited and preliminary evidence for the treatment of chronic low back pain with transcranial magnetic stimulation, as further investigation on this intervention is warranted. After reviewing analytically high impact studies, our objective is to provide a narrative review of the treatment of chronic low back pain with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Methods: We performed a comprehensive database search on PubMed, Embase, PsychInfo, Web of Science, and CINAHL for literature that pertains to the treatment of chronic low back pain with transcranial magnetic stimulation using these terms: \u00e2\u0080\u009cChronic Low Back Pain and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation\u00e2\u0080\u009d, \u00e2\u0080\u009cLow Back Pain and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation\u00e2\u0080\u009d, \u00e2\u0080\u009cChronic Back Pain and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation\u00e2\u0080\u009d, \u00e2\u0080\u009cChronic Low Back Pain and TMS\u00e2\u0080\u009d, \u00e2\u0080\u009cLow Back Pain and TMS\u00e2\u0080\u009d, and \u00e2\u0080\u009cChronic Back Pain and TMS\u00e2\u0080\u009d. We aim to provide a narrative review of the role of rTMS in CLBP. Results: Initial search results from September to November 2021 using the above-mentioned search criteria included 458 articles, of which 164 duplicates were removed and 280 were further excluded by a three-person (CO, NM and RA) screening process. Articles were further filtered based on various exclusion and inclusion criteria. The resulting 6 studies are discussed. Discussion: The studies reviewed suggest the potential benefit in chronic lower back pain symptoms after various rTMS protocols and sites of stimulation. However, the included studies are not without issues in design for example: not randomized, not blinded, or have small sample size. This review highlights the need for scaled, better controlled research studies and standardization of treatment protocols to determine if rTMS for chronic lower back pain will be accepted as a standard treatment option for patients with chronic lower back pain symptoms. 2023 Olechowski, Gener, Aiyer and Mischel.", "authors": [ "Olechowski, Camille", "Gener, Maricar", "Aiyer, Rohit", "Mischel, Nicholas" ], "categories": null, "citations": 0, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.3389/fpain.2023.1092158", "keywords": [ "N transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)", "D016428 Journal Article", "N low back pain and TMS", "D016454 Review", "N neuromodulation", "N chronic lower back pain", "N low back pain" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "1092158", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": null, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2673-561X", "publisher": "Frontiers Media S.A.", "sjr": 4.026, "snip": 2.765, "subject_areas": [ "Health Professions (miscellaneous)", "Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health", "Neuroscience (miscellaneous)", "Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine" ], "title": "Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)" }, "publication_date": "2023-05-05", "selected": false, "title": "Transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of chronic low back pain: a narrative review.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85163570061&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Functional Disorders are common medical problems both in primary and in secondary health care. The mechanisms that cause symptoms such as primary pain, fatigue, dizziness are still unknown. Various classifications, including ICD-10 or DSM-5, describe these conditions differently, and new proposals are being developed e.g. in ICD-11, RDoC. Many controversies are evoked by lack of unequivocal explanatory theory. The early psychoanalytical concept has been modified by other explanations, such as immunological abnormalities, dysfunction of vegetative system and HPA axis, central sensitization, diverted processes of perception or predictive processes within cognitive homeostasis dysregulation. Insufficient scientific evidence makes therapies unsuccessful and justifies further study. Psychotherapy, pharmacology and complementary medicine are supplemented by new experimental methods of treatment connected with progress in neuroscience. The recently developed non-invasive Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and - neurofeedback (EEG-NF), based on EEG registration, are undergoing tests. Applying complex mathematical algorithms to localized bioelectrical signal sources makes it possible to modulate and reshape connections of neuronal networks within specific cortex areas. This article presents the current state of knowledge concerning functional disorders, highlighting the ways in which different definitions of FD have an impact on approaches to treatment.", "authors": [ "Czachowski, S\u0142awomir" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/141960", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "N psychosomatics", "D016454 Review", "N somatization", "N functional disorders" ], "number_of_pages": 10, "pages": "421-430", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 2.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2391-5854", "publisher": "Polish Psychiatric Association", "sjr": 0.377, "snip": 0.641, "subject_areas": [ "Psychiatry and Mental Health" ], "title": "Psychiatria polska" }, "publication_date": "2023-04-30", "selected": false, "title": "Functional disorders - new proposals for definition, psychosomatics, somatization.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Essential tremor (ET) is a disabling condition resulting from a dysfunction of cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuitry. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) or lesion of the ventral-intermediate thalamic nucleus (VIM) is an effective treatment for severe ET. Transcranial cerebellar brain stimulation has recently emerged as a non-invasive potential therapeutic option. Here, we aim to investigate the effects of high-frequency non-invasive cerebellar transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) in severe ET patients already operated for VIM-DBS. Eleven ET patients with VIM-DBS, and 10 ET patients without VIM-DBS and matched for tremor severity, were included in this double-blind proof-of-concept controlled study. All patients received unilateral cerebellar sham-tACS and active-tACS for 10\u00a0min. Tremor severity was blindly assessed at baseline, without VIM-DBS, during sham-tACS, during and at 0, 20, 40\u00a0min after active-tACS, using kinetic recordings during holding posture and action ('nose-to-target') task and videorecorded Fahn-Tolosa-Marin (FTM) clinical scales. In the VIM-DBS group, active-tACS significantly improved both postural and action tremor amplitude and clinical (FTM scales) severity, relative to baseline, whereas sham-tACS did not, with a predominant effect for the ipsilateral arm. Tremor amplitude and clinical severity were also not significantly different between ON VIM-DBS and active-tACS conditions. In the non-VIM-DBS group, we also observed significant improvements in ipsilateral action tremor amplitude, and clinical severity after cerebellar active-tACS, with a trend for improved postural tremor amplitude. In non-VIM-DBS group, sham- active-tACS also decreased clinical scores. These data support the safety and potential efficacy of high-frequency cerebellar-tACS to reduce ET amplitude and severity.", "authors": [ "Olivier, Claire", "Lamy, Jean-Charles", "Kosutzka, Zuzana", "Van Hamme, Ang\u00e8le", "Cherif, Saoussen", "Lau, Brian", "Vidailhet, Marie", "Karachi, Carine", "Welter, Marie-Laure" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1007/s13311-023-01372-6", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Cerebellum", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Transcranial alternating current stimulation", "N Essential tremor", "N Motion capture" ], "number_of_pages": 11, "pages": "1109-1119", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": null, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1878-7479", "publisher": null, "sjr": null, "snip": null, "subject_areas": [], "title": "Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics" }, "publication_date": "2023-04-25", "selected": false, "title": "Cerebellar Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation in Essential Tremor Patients with Thalamic Stimulation: A Proof-of-Concept Study.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of left anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) activity in individuals with depression. We conducted a 3-week, randomized, triple-blind pilot trial with 47 participants (dropout rate: 14.89%) randomly assigned to either the tDCS or control group (sham stimulation). Salivary cortisol was used as an HPAA activity marker since cortisol is the effector hormone of the HPAA. The primary outcome was the effect of tDCS on the diurnal cortisol pattern (DCP and area under the curve with respect to ground -AUCg-). Secondary outcomes included tDCS effects on cortisol awakening response (CAR) and cortisol decline (CD), as well as the variation of cortisol concentrations between the initiation of tDCS and 2\u00a0weeks later. Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses were conducted. Our primary outcome showed an absent effect of tDCS on DCP and AUCg. Additionally, tDCS had an absent effect on CAR, CD, and cortisol concentration variation before-after stimulation. Our pilot study suggests that anodal tDCS showed an absent effect on HPAA activity in individuals with depression. More studies are needed to confirm these findings.", "authors": [ "Pedraz-Petrozzi, Bruno", "Sardinha, Helena", "Gilles, Maria", "Deuschle, Michael" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1038/s41598-023-32531-6", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "5619", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2045-2322", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "sjr": 0.973, "snip": 1.312, "subject_areas": [ "Human-Computer Interaction", "Neurons and Cognition", "Combinatorics", "Multidisciplinary" ], "title": "Scientific reports" }, "publication_date": "2023-04-06", "selected": false, "title": "Effects of left anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in depression: a randomized controlled pilot trial.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "AIMS Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have various motor difficulties, including standing up, gait initiation and freezing of gait. These abnormalities are associated with cortico-subthalamic dysfunction. We aimed to reveal the characteristics of cortico-subthalamic activity in PD patients during different motor statuses.\nMETHODS Potentials were recorded in the superior parietal lobule (SPL), the primary motor cortex (M1), premotor cortex (PMC), and the bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) in 18 freely walking patients while sitting, standing, walking, dual-task walking, and freezing in medication \"off\" (Moff) and \"on\" (Mon) states. Different motor status activities were compared in band power, and a machine learning classifier was used to differentiate the motor statuses.\nRESULTS SPL beta power was specifically inhibited from standing to walking, and negatively correlated with walking speed; M1 beta power reflected the degree of rigidity and was reversed by medication; XGBoost algorithm classified the five motor statuses with acceptable accuracy (68.77% in Moff, 60.58% in Mon). SPL beta power ranked highest in feature importance in both Moff and Mon states.\nCONCLUSION SPL beta power plays an essential role in walking status classification and could be a physiological biomarker for walking speed, which would aid the development of adaptive DBS.", "authors": [ "Zhang, Quan", "Xie, Hutao", "Zhao, Baotian", "Yin, Zixiao", "Liu, Yuye", "Liu, Defeng", "Bai, Yutong", "Zhu, Guanyu", "Qin, Guofan", "Gan, Yifei", "Tian, Runfa", "Shi, Lin", "Yang, Anchao", "Meng, Fangang", "Jiang, Yin", "Zhang, Jianguo" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1111/cns.14155", "keywords": [ "N Parkinson's disease", "N machine learning", "D016428 Journal Article", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N motor decoding", "N parietal lobule", "N local field potentials" ], "number_of_pages": 11, "pages": "1999-2009", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 9.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1755-5949", "publisher": "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd", "sjr": 1.381, "snip": 1.351, "subject_areas": [ "Physiology (medical)", "Pharmacology", "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Pharmacology (medical)" ], "title": "CNS neuroscience & therapeutics" }, "publication_date": "2023-04-05", "selected": false, "title": "Fronto-parieto-subthalamic activity decodes motor status in Parkinson's disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND Subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD), that can improve patients' motor and non-motor symptoms. However, there are differences in the improvement of patients' emotional symptoms and cognitive function.\nOBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of active contact location and the volume of tissue activated (VTA) on patients' emotional symptoms and cognitive function in STN-DBS in PD.\nMETHODS A total of 185 PD patients were included in this study. We evaluated them using the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scales at the preoperative, 1- and 12-month postoperative time points. Leads were positioned in standard space using the Lead-DBS toolbox, and VTA was calculated for analysis.\nRESULTS When the lead active contact was closer to the ventral side of the STN, the patients' HAM-A improvement rate was higher, and when the active contact was closer to the anterior and dorsal sides of the STN, the patients' MoCA improvement rate was higher. Stimulation of the sensorimotor zone was more favorable to the improvement of HAM-A and HAM-D in patients. And, the stimulation of the associative zone was more favorable to the improvement of MoCA in patients.\nCONCLUSION Our results provide evidence that the 12-month outcomes of cognitive function and emotional symptoms in PD patients with STN-DBS were closely related to the specific location of the active contacts in the STN and influenced by the VTA.", "authors": [ "Liang, Kun", "Li, Ren-Peng", "Gao, Yuan", "Liu, Chong", "Wang, Qiao", "Gao, Dong-Mei", "Wang, Hui-Min", "Zou, Liang-Ying", "Zhang, Xin", "Han, Chun-Lei", "Zhang, Jian-Guo", "Meng, Fan-Gang" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1111/cns.14187", "keywords": [ "N subthalamic nucleus", "D016428 Journal Article", "N cognitive function", "N the volume of tissue activated", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N emotional symptoms", "N deep brain stimulation" ], "number_of_pages": 11, "pages": "2355-2365", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 9.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1755-5949", "publisher": "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd", "sjr": 1.381, "snip": 1.351, "subject_areas": [ "Physiology (medical)", "Pharmacology", "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Pharmacology (medical)" ], "title": "CNS neuroscience & therapeutics" }, "publication_date": "2023-03-25", "selected": false, "title": "Emotional symptoms and cognitive function outcomes of subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson's disease depend on location of active contacts and the volume of tissue activated.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Advances in technologies that can record and stimulate deep brain activity in humans have led to impactful discoveries within the field of neuroscience and contributed to the development of novel therapies for neurological and psychiatric disorders. Further progress, however, has been hindered by device limitations in that recording of single-neuron activity during freely moving behaviors in humans has not been possible. Additionally, implantable neurostimulation devices, currently approved for human use, have limited stimulation programmability and restricted full-duplex bidirectional capability. In this study, we developed a wearable bidirectional closed-loop neuromodulation system (Neuro-stack) and used it to record single-neuron and local field potential activity during stationary and ambulatory behavior in humans. Together with a highly flexible and customizable stimulation capability, the Neuro-stack provides an opportunity to investigate the neurophysiological basis of disease, develop improved responsive neuromodulation therapies, explore brain function during naturalistic behaviors in humans and, consequently, bridge decades of neuroscientific findings across species. \u00c2\u00a9 2023, The Author(s).", "authors": [ "Topalovic, U.", "Barclay, S.", "Ling, C.", "Alzuhair, A.", "Yu, W.", "Hokhikyan, V.", "Chandrakumar, H.", "Rozgic, D.", "Jiang, W.", "Basir-Kazeruni, S.", "Maoz, S.L.", "Inman, C.S.", "Stangl, M.", "Gill, J.", "Bari, A.", "Fallah, A.", "Eliashiv, D.", "Pouratian, N.", "Fried, I.", "Suthana, N.", "Markovic, D." ], "categories": null, "citations": 7, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus" ], "doi": "10.1038/s41593-023-01260-4", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 11, "pages": "517-527", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 43.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "10976256", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "sjr": 12.124, "snip": 4.893, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Nature Neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2023-03-01", "selected": false, "title": "A wearable platform for closed-loop stimulation and recording of single-neuron and local field potential activity in freely moving humans", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85148425726&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "PURPOSE UNASSIGNED Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is associated with profound morbidity for patients, placing a significant burden on those affected, the health service and wider society. Despite this, TRD remains chronically underserved in terms of viable treatment options. To address this gap, an advisory panel of psychiatrists and clinical researchers with experience in managing TRD convened to develop best practice statements on the use of esketamine nasal spray, one of the first TRD treatments to be licensed in 30 years.\nMETHODS UNASSIGNED During a virtual meeting held on 12th November 2020, the advisory panel shared their experiences of using esketamine nasal spray in their clinical practice. The meeting focused on developing and refining recommendations for setting up and running an efficient esketamine nasal spray clinic for patients living with TRD. At the conclusion of the meeting, agreement was reached on all recommendation statements.\nRESULTS UNASSIGNED In setting up an esketamine nasal spray clinic, it is important to consider the logistical requirements involved and put measures in place to ensure it runs as efficiently as possible. Educating patients about the treatment and maintaining their well-being is paramount for preventing discontinuation. Putting in place checklists can be a useful strategy for ensuring treatment appointments run smoothly and safely.\nCONCLUSION UNASSIGNED Providing additional treatment options for the management of TRD, such as esketamine nasal spray, is likely to be key to improving the long-term outcomes of this underserved patient population.", "authors": [ "Young, Allan H", "Abdelghani, Mohamed", "Juruena, Mario F", "Nikolova, Viktoriya L", "Nilforooshan, Ramin" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.2147/NDT.S388392", "keywords": [ "N TRD", "#text", "N MDD", "N antidepressant", "N glutamate", "N depression", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": 9, "pages": "433-441", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": null, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1176-6328", "publisher": null, "sjr": null, "snip": null, "subject_areas": [], "title": "Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment" }, "publication_date": "2023-02-24", "selected": false, "title": "Early Clinical Experiences of Esketamine Nasal Spray in the UK in Adults with Treatment-Resistant Major Depressive Disorder: Advisory Panel Recommendations.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Periodic features of neural time-series data, such as local field potentials (LFPs), are often quantified using power spectra. While the aperiodic exponent of spectra is typically disregarded, it is nevertheless modulated in a physiologically relevant manner and was recently hypothesised to reflect excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance in neuronal populations. Here, we used a cross-species in vivo electrophysiological approach to test the E/I hypothesis in the context of experimental and idiopathic Parkinsonism. We demonstrate in dopamine-depleted rats that aperiodic exponents and power at 30-100 Hz in subthalamic nucleus (STN) LFPs reflect defined changes in basal ganglia network activity; higher aperiodic exponents tally with lower levels of STN neuron firing and a balance tipped towards inhibition. Using STN-LFPs recorded from awake Parkinson's patients, we show that higher exponents accompany dopaminergic medication and deep brain stimulation (DBS) of STN, consistent with untreated Parkinson's manifesting as reduced inhibition and hyperactivity of STN. These results suggest that the aperiodic exponent of STN-LFPs in Parkinsonism reflects E/I balance and might be a candidate biomarker for adaptive DBS.", "authors": [ "Wiest, Christoph", "Torrecillos, Flavie", "Pogosyan, Alek", "Bange, Manuel", "Muthuraman, Muthuraman", "Groppa, Sergiu", "Hulse, Natasha", "Hasegawa, Harutomo", "Ashkan, Keyoumars", "Baig, Fahd", "Morgante, Francesca", "Pereira, Erlick A", "Mallet, Nicolas", "Magill, Peter J", "Brown, Peter", "Sharott, Andrew", "Tan, Huiling" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.7554/eLife.82467", "keywords": [ "N subthalamic nucleus", "N Parkinson's disease", "N neuroscience", "N human", "D016428 Journal Article", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N aperiodic exponent", "N local field potential", "N rat", "N adaptive deep brain stimulation", "N excitation/inhibition balance" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": null, "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 12.3, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2050-084X", "publisher": "eLife Sciences Publications", "sjr": 4.251, "snip": 1.743, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)", "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all)", "Immunology and Microbiology (all)" ], "title": "eLife" }, "publication_date": "2023-02-22", "selected": false, "title": "The aperiodic exponent of subthalamic field potentials reflects excitation/inhibition balance in Parkinsonism.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Neuromodulation (neurostimulation) is a relatively new and rapidly growing treatment for refractory epilepsy. Three varieties are approved in the US: vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), deep brain stimulation (DBS) and responsive neurostimulation (RNS). This article reviews thalamic DBS for epilepsy. Among many thalamic sub-nuclei, DBS for epilepsy has been targeted to the anterior nucleus (ANT), centromedian nucleus (CM), dorsomedial nucleus (DM) and pulvinar (PULV). Only ANT is FDA-approved, based upon a controlled clinical trial. Bilateral stimulation of ANT reduced seizures by 40.5% at three months in the controlled phase (p\u00a0=\u00a0.038) and 75% by 5\u00a0years in the uncontrolled phase. Side effects related to paresthesias, acute hemorrhage, infection, occasional increased seizures, and usually transient effects on mood and memory. Efficacy was best documented for focal onset seizures in temporal or frontal lobe. CM stimulation may be useful for generalized or multifocal seizures and PULV for posterior limbic seizures. Mechanisms of DBS for epilepsy are largely unknown, but animal work points to changes in receptors, channels, neurotransmitters, synapses, network connectivity and neurogenesis. Personalization of therapies, in terms of connectivity of the seizure onset zone to the thalamic sub- nucleus and individual characteristics of the seizures, might lead to improved efficacy. Many questions remain about DBS, including the best candidates for different types of neuromodulation, the best targets, the best stimulation parameters, how to minimize side effects and how to deliver current noninvasively. Despite the questions, neuromodulation provides useful new opportunities to treat people with refractory seizures not responding to medicines and not amenable to resective surgery.", "authors": [ "Fisher, Robert S" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106045", "keywords": [ "N Centromedian nucleus of thalamus", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Thalamus", "N Brain stimulation", "N Anterior nucleus of thalamus", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "D016454 Review", "N Pulvinar", "N Neurostimulation", "N Neuromodulation", "N Dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "106045", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 12.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1095-953X", "publisher": "Academic Press Inc.", "sjr": 1.893, "snip": 1.245, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology" ], "title": "Neurobiology of disease" }, "publication_date": "2023-02-20", "selected": false, "title": "Deep brain stimulation of thalamus for epilepsy.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE There are three neurostimulation devices available to treat generalized epilepsy: vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), deep brain stimulation (DBS), and responsive neurostimulation (RNS). However, the choice between them is unclear due to lack of head-to-head comparisons. A systematic comparison of neurostimulation outcomes in generalized epilepsy has not been performed previously. The goal of this meta-analysis was to determine whether one of these devices is better than the others to treat generalized epilepsy.\nMETHODS Following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, a systematic review of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science was performed for studies reporting seizure outcomes following VNS, RNS, and DBS implantation in generalized drug-resistant epilepsy between the first pivotal trial study for each modality through August 2022. Specific search criteria were used for VNS (\"vagus\", \"vagal\", or \"VNS\" in the title and \"epilepsy\" or \"seizure\"), DBS (\"deep brain stimulation\", \"DBS\", \"anterior thalamic nucleus\", \"centromedian nucleus\", or \"thalamic stimulation\" in the title and \"epilepsy\" or \"seizure\"), and RNS (\"responsive neurostimulation\" or \"RNS\" in the title and \"epilepsy\" or \"seizure\"). From 4409 articles identified, 319 underwent full-text reviews, and 20 studies were included. Data were pooled using a random-effects model using the meta package in R.\nRESULTS Sufficient data for meta-analysis were available from seven studies for VNS (n\u00a0=\u2009510) and nine studies for DBS (n\u00a0=\u200987). Data from RNS (five studies, n\u00a0=\u200918) were insufficient for meta-analysis. The mean (SD) follow-up durations were as follows: VNS, 39.1 (23.4) months; DBS, 23.1 (19.6) months; and RNS, 22.3 (10.6) months. Meta-analysis showed seizure reductions of 48.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] =\u200938.7%-57.9%) for VNS and 64.8% (95% CI\u00a0=\u00a054.4%-75.2%) for DBS (p\u00a0=\u2009.02).\nSIGNIFICANCE Our meta-analysis indicates that the use of DBS may lead to greater seizure reduction than VNS in generalized epilepsy. Results from RNS use are promising, but further research is required.", "authors": [ "Haneef, Zulfi", "Skrehot, Henry C" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1111/epi.17524", "keywords": [ "N DBS", "D016428 Journal Article", "N neurostimulation", "N meta-analysis", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N VNS", "N RNS", "D017418 Meta-Analysis", "N generalized epilepsy", "D000078182 Systematic Review" ], "number_of_pages": 10, "pages": "811-820", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 10.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1528-1167", "publisher": "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd", "sjr": 1.966, "snip": 1.893, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Epilepsia" }, "publication_date": "2023-02-16", "selected": false, "title": "Neurostimulation in generalized epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "PURPOSE OF REVIEW Neurostimulation is a quickly growing treatment approach for epilepsy patients. We summarize recent approaches to provide a perspective on the future of neurostimulation.\nRECENT FINDINGS Invasive stimulation for treatment of focal epilepsy includes vagus nerve stimulation, responsive neurostimulation of the cortex and deep brain stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus. A wide range of other targets have been considered, including centromedian, central lateral and pulvinar thalamic nuclei; medial septum, nucleus accumbens, subthalamic nucleus, cerebellum, fornicodorsocommissure and piriform cortex. Stimulation for generalized onset seizures and mixed epilepsies as well as increased efforts focusing on paediatric populations have emerged. Hardware with more permanently implanted lead options and sensing capabilities is emerging. A wider variety of programming approaches than typically used may improve patient outcomes. Finally, noninvasive brain stimulation with its favourable risk profile offers the potential to treat increasingly diverse epilepsy patients.\nSUMMARY Neurostimulation for the treatment of epilepsy is surprisingly varied. Flexibility and reversibility of neurostimulation allows for rapid innovation. There remains a continued need for excitability biomarkers to guide treatment and innovation. Neurostimulation, a part of bioelectronic medicine, offers distinctive benefits as well as unique challenges.", "authors": [ "Lundstrom, Brian Nils", "Osman, Gamaleldin M", "Starnes, Keith", "Gregg, Nicholas M", "Simpson, Hugh D" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1097/WCO.0000000000001138", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 8, "pages": "69-76", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 10.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1473-6551", "publisher": "Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Ltd.", "sjr": 1.701, "snip": 1.874, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Current opinion in neurology" }, "publication_date": "2023-02-07", "selected": false, "title": "Emerging approaches in neurostimulation for epilepsy.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Responsive neurostimulation (RNS) has well-established efficacy in patients with identifiable seizure foci. Emerging evidence suggests the feasibility of expanding this treatment to patients with nonfocal or multifocal epileptic profiles with thalamic targeting. Our institution performed two successful implantations of thalamic RNS (tRNS) targeting the centromedian nucleus of the thalamus (CMT), and 1-year postoperative outcomes are provided. Additionally, a literature review of all reported tRNS was conducted. Publications were excluded if they did not include demographic data and/or epilepsy outcomes at follow-up. In the literature, 19 adult and 3 pediatric cases were identified. These cases were analyzed for outcome, indications, previous operations, and surgical practice variations. Both of our patients had failed multiple previous pharmacological and neurosurgical interventions for epilepsy. Case #1 underwent tRNS with bilateral CMT stimulation. Case #2 underwent tRNS with simultaneous right CMT and right insular stimulation, although an additional lead was placed in the left CMT and left capped for potential future use. Each has achieved \u226590% reduction in seizure burden and approach seizure freedom. 71% of patients in the literature review had multifocal, bilateral, or cryptogenic seizure onset. Three patients were implanted for Lennox Gastaut (2 of 3 are pediatric). 16 patients underwent an average of 1.6 failed procedures prior to successful tRNS implantation. Taken together, the 21 adult patients reviewed have experienced an average seizure reduction of 77% at the latest follow-up. 95% of the adult patients reported in the literature experienced >50% reduction in seizure activity following tRNS and 52% experienced \u226590% reduction in seizure burden following tRNS. Pediatric patients have experienced 70-100% improvement.", "authors": [ "Vessell, Meena", "Willett, Andrew", "Chapman, Brittany", "Bina, Robert", "Ball, Tyler", "Mutchnick, Ian", "Neimat, Joseph S" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1159/000528629", "keywords": [ "N Thalamic responsive neurostimulation", "D016454 Review", "N Long episodes", "N Neuromodulation", "N Refractory epilepsy", "N Centromedian nucleus of the thalamus", "D002363 Case Reports" ], "number_of_pages": 11, "pages": "75-85", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1423-0372", "publisher": "S. Karger AG", "sjr": 0.446, "snip": 0.767, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery" }, "publication_date": "2023-02-02", "selected": false, "title": "Evidence for Thalamic Responsive Neurostimulation in Treatment of Adult and Pediatric Epilepsy.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Background: Internalizing psychopathologies (IPs) are characterized by disruptions in emotion regulation (ER). A potential target for ER modulation in individuals with IPs is the theta band. We hypothesized that offset theta-tACS (transcranial alternating current stimulation) would result in more enhanced ER, indexed by greater increase in heart rate variability (HRV), than transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in participants with IPs. Methods: This pilot study utilized a double-blind, pseudo-counterbalanced design. Participants with internalizing psychopathologies (anxiety and depression) were randomly assigned to receive either offset theta-tACS (n = 14) or tDCS (n = 15) and underwent four sessions of stimulation (two sham). In both arms, there were alternating iterations of an emotion regulation task (ERT) during or immediately after stimulation and rest. Heart rate data were collected during each ERT and rest iteration, and analyses were completed using high-frequency (HF) and root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) HRV metrics. Results: tACS participants consistently displayed increases in both HRV metrics from Time 1 to Time 4. Participants receiving tDCS displayed few significant changes in HF-HRV and no significant changes in RMSSD-HRV. Limitations: Due to the small sample size, analyses were limited. Additionally, the lack of a baseline ERT makes it difficult to determine overall ER improvement. Conclusions: tACS appears to increase ER capacity as reflected in increased HRV in individuals with internalizing psychopathologies, particularly after two sessions of stimulation. This study adds validity to the use of tACS as a neuromodulatory technique in cognitive and clinical research. Additional research is required to better understand potential carry-over effects of multiple sessions of stimulation. \u00c2\u00a9 2023", "authors": [ "McAleer, Jessica", "Stewart, Lindsey", "Shepard, Robert", "Sheena, Michelle", "Kabir, Sarah", "Swank, Isabella", "Stange, Jonathan P", "Leow, Alex", "Klumpp, Heide", "Ajilore, Olusola" ], "categories": null, "citations": 1, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.102", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "N Transcranial direct current stimulation", "N Heart rate variability", "N Theta synchrony", "D052061 Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "N Transcranial alternating current stimulation", "D016449 Randomized Controlled Trial", "N Internalizing psychopathologies", "N Emotion regulation" ], "number_of_pages": 8, "pages": "7-14", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 9.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1573-2517", "publisher": "Elsevier", "sjr": 1.988, "snip": 1.877, "subject_areas": [ "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Clinical Psychology" ], "title": "Journal of affective disorders" }, "publication_date": "2023-02-02", "selected": false, "title": "Differential effects of transcranial current type on heart rate variability during emotion regulation in internalizing psychopathologies.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85147829666&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE Bradykinesia is the major cardinal motor sign of Parkinson disease (PD), but its neural underpinnings are unclear. The goal of this study was to examine whether changes in bradykinesia following long-term subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) are linked to local STN beta (13-30\u2009Hz) dynamics or a wider bilateral network dysfunction.\nMETHODS Twenty-one individuals with PD implanted with sensing neurostimulators (Activa\u00ae PC\u2009+\u2009S, Medtronic, PLC) in the STN participated in a longitudinal 'washout' therapy study every three to 6\u2009months for an average of 3\u2009years. At each visit, participants were withdrawn from medication (12/24/48\u00a0hours) and had DBS turned off (>60\u00a0minutes) before completing a repetitive wrist-flexion extension task, a validated quantitative assessment of bradykinesia, while local field potentials were recorded. Local STN beta dynamics were investigated via beta power and burst duration, while interhemispheric beta synchrony was assessed with STN-STN beta coherence.\nRESULTS Higher interhemispheric STN beta coherence, but not contralateral beta power or burst duration, was significantly associated with worse bradykinesia. Bradykinesia worsened off therapy over time. Interhemispheric STN-STN beta coherence also increased over time, whereas beta power and burst duration remained stable. The observed change in bradykinesia was related to the change in interhemispheric beta coherence, with greater increases in synchrony associated with further worsening of bradykinesia.\nINTERPRETATION Together, these findings implicate interhemispheric beta synchrony as a neural correlate of the progression of bradykinesia following chronic STN DBS. This could imply the existence of a pathological bilateral network contributing to bradykinesia in PD. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:1029-1039.", "authors": [ "Wilkins, Kevin B", "Kehnemouyi, Yasmine M", "Petrucci, Matthew N", "Anderson, Ross W", "Parker, Jordan E", "Trager, Megan H", "Neuville, Raumin S", "Koop, Mandy M", "Velisar, Anca", "Blumenfeld, Zack", "Quinn, Emma J", "Bronte-Stewart, Helen M" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1002/ana.26605", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 11, "pages": "1029-1039", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 18.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1531-8249", "publisher": "John Wiley & Sons Inc.", "sjr": 3.977, "snip": 2.769, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Annals of neurology" }, "publication_date": "2023-02-01", "selected": false, "title": "Bradykinesia and Its Progression Are Related to Interhemispheric Beta Coherence.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Spike-and-wave discharges (SWDs), generated by the cortico-thalamo-cortical (CTC) network, are pathological, large amplitude oscillations and the hallmark of absence seizures (ASs). SWDs begin in a cortical initiation network in both humans and animal models, including the Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS), where it is located in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1). The behavioral manifestation of an AS occurs when SWDs spread from the cortical initiation site to the whole brain, however, the mechanisms behind this rapid propagation remain unclear. Here we investigated these processes beyond the principal CTC network, in higher-order (HO) thalamic nuclei (lateral posterior (LP) and posterior (PO) nuclei) since their diffuse connectivity and known facilitation of intracortical communications make these nuclei key candidates to support SWD generation and maintenance. In freely moving GAERS, multi-site LFP in LP, PO and multiple cortical regions revealed a novel feature of SWDs: during SWDs there are short periods (named SWD-breaks) when cortical regions far from S1, such the primary visual cortex (V1), become transiently unsynchronized from the ongoing EEG rhythm. Inactivation of HO nuclei with local muscimol injections or optogenetic perturbation of HO nuclei activity increased the occurrence of SWD-breaks and the former intervention also increased the SWD propagation-time from S1. The neural underpinnings of these findings were explored further by silicon probe recordings from single units of PO which uncovered two previously unknown groups of excitatory neurons based on their burst firing dynamics at SWD onset. Moreover, a switch from tonic to burst firing at SWD onset was shown to be an important feature since it was much less prominent for non-generalized events, i.e. SWDs that remained local to S1. Additionally, one group of neurons showed a reverse of this switch during SWD-breaks, demonstrating the importance of this firing pattern throughout the SWD. In summary, these results support the view that multiple HO thalamic nuclei are utilized at SWD onset and contribute to cortical synchrony throughout the paroxysmal discharge.", "authors": [ "Atherton, Zoe", "Nagy, Oliv\u00e9r", "Barcsai, L\u00edvia", "Sere, P\u00e9ter", "Zsigri, Nikolett", "F\u00f6ldi, Tam\u00e1s", "Gell\u00e9rt, Levente", "Ber\u00e9nyi, Antal", "Crunelli, Vincenzo", "L\u0151rincz, Magor L" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106025", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "N Thalamus", "N Ensemble recordings", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Somatosensory cortex", "N Epilepsy", "N Higher-order thalamic nuclei" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "106025", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 12.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1095-953X", "publisher": "Academic Press Inc.", "sjr": 1.893, "snip": 1.245, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology" ], "title": "Neurobiology of disease" }, "publication_date": "2023-01-31", "selected": false, "title": "Higher-order thalamic nuclei facilitate the generalization and maintenance of spike-and-wave discharges of absence seizures.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "2 \u03bc in-vivo Growing evidence suggests that phase-locked deep brain stimulation (DBS) can effectively regulate abnormal brain connectivity in neurological and psychiatric disorders. This letter therefore presents a low-power SoC with both neural connectivity extraction and phase-locked DBS capabilities. A 16-channel low-noise analog front-end (AFE) records local field potentials (LFPs) from multiple brain regions with precise gain matching. A novel low-complexity phase estimator and neural connectivity processor subsequently enable energy-efficient, yet accurate measurement of the instantaneous phase and cross-regional synchrony measures. Through flexible combination of neural biomarkers such as phase synchrony and spectral energy, a four-channel charge-balanced neurostimulator is triggered to treat various pathological brain conditions. Fabricated in 65-nm CMOS, the SoC occupies a silicon area of 2.24 mm and consumes 60 W, achieving over 60% power saving in neural connectivity extraction compared to the state-of-the-art. Extensive measurements demonstrate multi-channel LFP recording, real-time extraction of phase and neural connectivity measures, and phase-locked stimulation in rats.", "authors": [ "Shin, Uisub", "Ding, Cong", "Woods, Virginia", "Widge, Alik S", "Shoaran, Mahsa" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1109/lssc.2023.3238797", "keywords": [ "@UI", "N phase-amplitude coupling (PAC)", "N psychiatric disorders", "N Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD)", "N phase locking value (PLV)", "N Deep brain stimulation (DBS)", "#text", "N neural connectivity" ], "number_of_pages": 4, "pages": "21-24", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2573-9603", "publisher": "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.", "sjr": 1.019, "snip": 1.076, "subject_areas": [ "Electrical and Electronic Engineering" ], "title": "IEEE solid-state circuits letters" }, "publication_date": "2023-01-23", "selected": false, "title": "A 16-Channel Low-Power Neural Connectivity Extraction and Phase-Locked Deep Brain Stimulation SoC.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Developing effective tools and strategies to relieve chronic pain is a high-priority scientific and clinical goal. In particular, the brain regions related to pain processing have been investigated as potential targets to relieve pain by non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS). In addition to elucidating the relationship between pain and oscillatory brain activity, transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), which can non-invasively entrain oscillatory brain activity and modulate oscillatory brain communication, has attracted scientific attention as a possible technique to control pain. This review focuses on the use of tACS to relieve pain through the manipulation of oscillatory brain activity and its potential clinical applications. Several studies have reported that tACS on a single brain reduces pain by normalizing abnormal oscillatory brain activity in patients with chronic pain. Interpersonal tACS approaches based on inter-brain synchrony to manipulate inter-brain communication may result in pain relief via prosocial effects. Pain is encoded by the spatiotemporal neural communication that represents the integration of cognitive, emotional-affective, and sensorimotor aspects of pain. Therefore, future studies should seek to identify the pathological oscillatory brain communication in chronic pain as a therapeutic target for tACS. In conclusion, tACS could be effective for re-establishing oscillatory brain activity and assisting social interaction, and it might help develop novel approaches for pain control. Copyright \u00c2\u00a9 2023 Takeuchi.", "authors": [ "Takeuchi, Naoyuki" ], "categories": null, "citations": 1, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.3389/fnhum.2023.941979", "keywords": [ "N transcranial alternating current stimulation", "D016428 Journal Article", "N interpersonal interaction", "D016454 Review", "N chronic pain", "N oscillatory brain activity", "N brain communication" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "941979", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 4.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1662-5161", "publisher": "Frontiers Media S.A.", "sjr": 0.787, "snip": 1.033, "subject_areas": [ "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Neurology", "Biological Psychiatry", "Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology", "Behavioral Neuroscience" ], "title": "Frontiers in human neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2023-01-19", "selected": false, "title": "Pain control based on oscillatory brain activity using transcranial alternating current stimulation: An integrative review.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85147260665&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "The Haken-Kelso-Bunz (HKB) model describes bistable rhythmic coordination between biological systems, capturing a wide range of empirical phenomena in brain and behavioral dynamics. The model has recently been generalized to systems of many oscillators, allowing for a quantitative study of how the dynamics of two coupled oscillators is affected by their \"social environment,\"i.e., by a larger system of oscillators in which both are embedded. In previous work, we studied triads of identical oscillators and showed that bistability can be restored to a monostable dyad by coupling it to a third oscillator. Here, we generalize to triads of nonidentical oscillators with different natural frequencies. We show that a pair of such oscillators, whose frequency difference would cause their dynamics in isolation to be only monostable, can exhibit bistable dynamics when both are coupled to a third oscillator having an intermediate natural frequency. We discuss some applications of this work to social and neuro-science, including gerontology and healthy aging, as well as neurostimulation and the treatment of brain-based diseases, where our findings suggest intervention strategies for promoting coordination between heterogeneous components situated in larger social environments. \u00c2\u00a9 2023 Author(s).", "authors": [ "McKinley, J.", "Zhang, M.", "Wead, A.", "Williams, C.", "Tognoli, E.", "Beetle, C." ], "categories": null, "citations": 0, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus" ], "doi": "10.1063/5.0164525", "keywords": [ "attractor", "broken symmetry", "complex systems", "HKB", "coordination dynamics", "multistability" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": null, "publication": { "category": "Conference Proceedings", "cite_score": 0.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "0094243X", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "sjr": 0.164, "snip": 0.247, "subject_areas": [ "Physics and Astronomy (all)" ], "title": "AIP Conference Proceedings" }, "publication_date": "2023-01-01", "selected": false, "title": "Restoring coordination to systems of nonidentical oscillators through third party pacing", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85176738922&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Background: Previous studies have shown that interpersonal neural synchronization (INS) is a ubiquitous phenomenon between individuals, and recent studies have further demonstrated close associations between INS and shared external sensorimotor input and/or internal mental processes within a dyad. However, most previous studies have employed an observational approach to describe the behavior-INS correlation, leading to difficulties in causally disentangling the relationship among INS, external sensorimotor input and the internal mental process. Objective/hypothesis: The present study aimed to directly change the level of INS through anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to test whether the change in INS would directly impact the internal mental process (Hypothesis 1) or indirectly through external sensorimotor input; the interaction behaviors were also changed (Hypothesis 2) or not (Hypothesis 3). Methods: Thirty pairs of romantically involved heterosexual couples were recruited for a within-subjects design. Three conditions were assessed: a true stimulation condition with 20-min anodal high-definition tDCS to the right anterior temporal lobe (rATL) of women before they communicated with their partners, a sham stimulation condition and a control brain region stimulation condition. The comparison between the true and sham or control brain region conditions allows us to detect the true effect of brain stimulation on INS. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning was used to simultaneously collect dyadic participants' hemodynamic signals during communication. INS, empathy, and interaction behaviors were examined and compared among different stimulation conditions. Results: True brain stimulation significantly decreased INS between the rATL of the women and sensorimotor cortex (SMC) of the men compared to the sham stimulation condition (t(27.8) = \u00e2\u0088\u00922.821, P = 0.009, d = 0.714) and control brain region stimulation condition (t(27.2) = \u00e2\u0088\u00922.606, P = 0.015, d = 0.664) during communication. It also significantly decreased the level of emotional empathy (F(2,145) = 6.893, P = 0.001) but did not change sensorimotor processes, such as verbal or nonverbal interaction behaviors. However, nonverbal behaviors mediated the relationship between the changes in INS and emotional empathy (lower limit confidence interval = 0.01, upper limit confidence interval = 2.66). Conclusion(s): These findings support the third hypothesis, suggesting that INS is associated with the shared internal mental process indirectly via the sensorimotor process, but the sensorimotor process itself does not covary with the INS and the associated internal mental process. These results provide new insight into the hierarchical architecture of dual-brain function from a bottom-up perspective. \u00c2\u00a9 2022 The Authors", "authors": [ "Long, Yuhang", "Zhong, Miao", "Aili, Ruhuiya", "Zhang, Huan", "Fang, Xiaoyi", "Lu, Chunming" ], "categories": null, "citations": 2, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.brs.2022.12.009", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 12, "pages": "28-39", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 12.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1876-4754", "publisher": "Elsevier Inc.", "sjr": 2.184, "snip": 1.816, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Biophysics", "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Brain stimulation" }, "publication_date": "2022-12-23", "selected": true, "title": "Transcranial direct current stimulation of the right anterior temporal lobe changes interpersonal neural synchronization and shared mental processes.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85145650728&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "In 2006 Bonato and Tardif posed the Tree Alternative Conjecture (TAC): the\nequivalence class of a tree under the embeddability relation is, up to\nisomorphism, either trivial or infinite. In 2022 LaFlamme, et al. provided a\nrigorous exposition of a conter-example to TAC developed by Tetano in his 2008\nPhD thesis. Also in 2022, the present author provided a positive answer to TAC\nfor the topological minor relation. Along with embeddability and the\ntopological minor, the graph minor relation completes the triad of the most\nwidely studied graph relations. In this paper we provide a positive answer to\nTAC for the the graph minor.", "authors": [ "Jorge Bruno" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": "arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2211.15187", "databases": [ "arXiv" ], "doi": null, "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": null, "publication": { "category": "Preprint", "cite_score": null, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": null, "publisher": null, "sjr": null, "snip": null, "subject_areas": [ "Human-Computer Interaction", "Neurons and Cognition", "Combinatorics" ], "title": "arXiv" }, "publication_date": "2022-12-15", "selected": false, "title": "The graph minor relation satisfies the twin alternative conjecture", "urls": [ "http://arxiv.org/pdf/2212.07670v1", "http://arxiv.org/abs/2212.07670v1" ] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND The EARLYSTIM trial demonstrated for Parkinson's disease patients with early motor complications that deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) and best medical treatment (BMT) was superior to BMT alone.\nOBJECTIVE This prospective, ancillary study on EARLYSTIM compared changes in blinded speech intelligibility assessment between STN-DBS and BMT over 2\u2009years, and secondary outcomes included non-speech oral movements (maximum phonation time [MPT], oral diadochokinesis), physician- and patient-reported assessments.\nMETHODS STN-DBS (n\u00a0=\u00a0102) and BMT (n\u00a0=\u00a099) groups underwent assessments on/off medication at baseline and 24\u00a0months (in four conditions: on/off medication, ON/OFF stimulation-for STN-DBS). Words and sentences were randomly presented to blinded listeners, and speech intelligibility rate was measured. Statistical analyses compared changes between the STN-DBS and BMT groups from baseline to 24\u00a0months.\nRESULTS Over the 2-year period, changes in speech intelligibility and MPT, as well as patient-reported outcomes, were not different between groups, either off or on medication or OFF or ON stimulation, but most outcomes showed a nonsignificant trend toward worsening in both groups. Change in oral diadochokinesis was significantly different between STN-DBS and BMT groups, on medication and OFF STN-DBS, with patients in the STN-DBS group performing slightly worse than patients under BMT only. A signal for clinical worsening with STN-DBS was found for the individual speech item of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, Part III.\nCONCLUSION At this early stage of the patients' disease, STN-DBS did not result in a consistent deterioration in blinded speech intelligibility assessment and patient-reported communication, as observed in studies of advanced Parkinson's Disease. \u00a9 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.", "authors": [ "Pinto, Serge", "Nebel, Adelheid", "Rau, J\u00f6rn", "Espesser, Robert", "Maillochon, Pauline", "Niebuhr, Oliver", "Krack, Paul", "Witjas, Tatiana", "Ghio, Alain", "Cuartero, Marie-Charlotte", "Timmermann, Lars", "Schnitzler, Alfons", "Hesekamp, Helke", "Meier, Niklaus", "M\u00fcllner, Julia", "H\u00e4lbig, Thomas D", "M\u00f6ller, Bettina", "Paschen, Steffen", "Paschen, Laura", "Volkmann, Jens", "Barbe, Michael T", "Fink, Gereon R", "Becker, Johannes", "Reker, Paul", "K\u00fchn, Andrea A", "Schneider, Gerd-Helge", "Fraix, Val\u00e9rie", "Seigneuret, Eric", "Kistner, Andrea", "Rascol, Olivier", "Brefel-Courbon, Christine", "Ory-Magne, Fabienne", "Hartmann, Christian J", "Wojtecki, Lars", "Fradet, Anne", "Malt\u00eate, David", "Damier, Philippe", "Le Dily, S\u00e9verine", "Sixel-D\u00f6ring, Friederike", "Benecke, Petra", "Weiss, Daniel", "W\u00e4chter, Tobias", "Pinsker, Marcus O", "R\u00e9gis, Jean", "Thobois, St\u00e9phane", "Polo, Gustavo", "Houeto, Jean-Luc", "Hartmann, Andreas", "Knudsen, Karina", "Vidailhet, Marie", "Sch\u00fcpbach, Michael", "Deuschl, G\u00fcnther", "None, None" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1002/mds.29282", "keywords": [ "N subthalamic nucleus", "N Parkinson's disease", "N speech", "D016428 Journal Article", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "D016449 Randomized Controlled Trial", "N deep brain stimulation", "N dysarthria" ], "number_of_pages": 11, "pages": "212-222", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 13.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1531-8257", "publisher": "John Wiley & Sons Inc.", "sjr": 2.602, "snip": 1.981, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society" }, "publication_date": "2022-12-03", "selected": false, "title": "Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial of Speech After Early Neurostimulation in Parkinson's Disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND BACKGROUND Long-term levodopa use is frequently associated with fluctuations in motor response and can have a serious adverse effect on the quality of life (QoL) of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is effective in improving symptoms of diminished levodopa responsiveness. QoL improvements with DBS have been shown in several randomized control trials, mostly in Europe and the United States; however, there is a need for evidence from regions around the world.\nOBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE The study aimed to demonstrate improvement in PD-related QoL in patients undergoing DBS in a prospective, multicenter study conducted in China.\nMATERIALS AND METHODS METHODS To evaluate the effect of neurostimulation on the QoL of patients with PD, a Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-8); Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) I, II, III, and IV; and EuroQol 5-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D) were administered at baseline and 12 months after DBS implantation. The mean change and percent change from baseline were reported for these clinical outcomes.\nRESULTS RESULTS Assessments were completed for 85 of the 89 implanted patients. DBS substantially improved patients' QoL and function. Implanted patients showed statistically significant mean improvement in PDQ-8 and UPDRS III (on stimulation/off medication). In the patients who completed the 12-month follow-up visit, the percent change was\u00a0-22.2% for PDQ-8 and\u00a0-51.6% for UPDRS III (on stimulation/off medication). Percent change from baseline to 12 months for UPDRS I, II, III, and IV and EQ-5D were\u00a0-16.8%,\u00a0-39.4%,\u00a0-18.5%, and\u00a0-50.0% and 22.7%, respectively. The overall rate of incidence for adverse events was low at 15.7%. Favorable outcomes were also reported based on patient opinion; 95.3% were satisfied with DBS results.\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS These data were comparable to other studies around the world and showed alignment with the ability of DBS to meaningfully improve the QoL of patients with PD. More studies investigating DBS therapy for patients with PD are necessary to accurately characterize clinical outcomes for the global PD population.\nCLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION BACKGROUND The ClinicalTrials.gov registration number for this study is NCT02937688.", "authors": [ "Zhang, Yuqing", "Chen, Ling", "Sun, Bomin", "Wang, Xuelian", "Wang, Jun", "Wang, Jian", "Woods, Jacklyn", "Stromberg, Katherine", "Shang, Huifang" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.neurom.2022.10.047", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "D016448 Multicenter Study", "N quality of life (QoL) outcomes", "N Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD)", "N Deep brain stimulation (DBS)" ], "number_of_pages": 8, "pages": "443-450", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1525-1403", "publisher": "International Neuromodulation Society", "sjr": 0.827, "snip": 1.208, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology", "Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine" ], "title": "Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society" }, "publication_date": "2022-11-18", "selected": false, "title": "Quality of Life and Motor Outcomes in Patients With Parkinson's Disease 12 Months After Deep Brain Stimulation in China.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Objective: We hypothesize offset theta-tACS (transcranial alternating current stimulation) improves emotion regulation (ER) and psychopathology more than transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in participants with internalizing psychopathologies (IPs). Methods: This pilot study utilized a double-blind, pseudo-counterbalanced, sham-controlled design with participants with IPs. Participants were assigned to receive tDCS or tACS, underwent four stimulation sessions (two sham), and completed an emotion regulation task (ERT) during or after stimulation. Participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory before/after the study, the Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety Index after each ERT, and rated their arousal, valence, and perceived reappraisal ability during the ERT. Results: Participants receiving either stimulation type showed a reduction in anxiety, depression, and valence and arousal ratings. We additionally discovered an effect demonstrating those who received sham stimulation first displayed little-to-no change in any score across the study, but tACS participants who received verum stimulation first showed significant improvements in each metric. Conclusions: Improving ER capabilities via theta tACS has the potential to yield beneficial clinical effects. Significance: This study adds validity to the use of non-invasive neuromodulatory methods, especially tACS, to alleviate IPs. Additional research is needed to better understand the effects of sham stimulation. Careful consideration of sham incorporation should be made in future studies. \u00c2\u00a9 2022 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology", "authors": [ "McAleer, Jessica", "Stewart, Lindsey", "Shepard, Robert", "Sheena, Michelle", "Stange, Jonathan P", "Leow, Alex", "Klumpp, Heide", "Ajilore, Olusola" ], "categories": null, "citations": 2, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.clinph.2022.10.015", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "N Transcranial direct current stimulation", "N Theta synchrony", "D052061 Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "N Transcranial alternating current stimulation", "N Sham stimulation", "N Internalizing psychopathologies", "N Emotion regulation" ], "number_of_pages": 9, "pages": "62-70", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1872-8952", "publisher": "Elsevier Ireland Ltd", "sjr": 1.212, "snip": 1.482, "subject_areas": [ "Physiology (medical)", "Neurology (clinical)", "Sensory Systems", "Neurology" ], "title": "Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology" }, "publication_date": "2022-11-11", "selected": false, "title": "Neuromodulatory effects of transcranial electrical stimulation on emotion regulation in internalizing psychopathologies.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85142675451&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND BACKGROUND Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a multifactorial disease presenting with a classical symptom triad of cognitive decline, gait disturbance and urinary incontinence. The symptoms can be alleviated with shunt surgery but the etiology of the symptoms remains unclear. Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) was applied to characterize corticospinal excitability and cortical motor function before and after shunt surgery in order to elucidate the pathophysiology of iNPH. We also aimed to determine, whether nTMS could be applied as a predictive tool in the pre-surgical work-up of iNPH.\nMETHODS METHODS 24 patients with possible or probable iNPH were evaluated at baseline, after cerebrospinal fluid drainage test (TAP test) and three months after shunt surgery (follow-up). Symptom severity was evaluated on an iNPH scale and with clinical tests (walking test, Box & Block test, grooved pegboard). In the nTMS experiments, resting motor threshold (RMT), silent period (SP), input-output curve (IO-curve), repetition suppression (RS) and mapping of cortical representation areas of hand and foot muscles were assessed.\nRESULTS RESULTS After shunt surgery, all patients showed improved performance in gait and upper limb function. The nTMS parameters showed an increase in the RMTs (hand and foot) and the maximum value of the IO-curve increased in subject with a good surgical outcome. The improvement in gait correlated with an increase in the maximum value of the IO-curve. SP, RS and mapping remained unchanged.\nCONCLUSION CONCLUSIONS The excitability of the motor cortex and the corticospinal tract increased in iNPH patients after shunt surgery. A favorable clinical outcome of shunt surgery is associated with a higher ability to re-form and maintain neuronal connectivity.", "authors": [ "Sirkka, Jani", "S\u00e4is\u00e4nen, Laura", "Julkunen, Petro", "K\u00f6n\u00f6nen, Mervi", "Kallioniemi, Elisa", "Leinonen, Ville", "Danner, Nils" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1186/s12987-022-00385-1", "keywords": [ "N Surgical outcome", "N Corticospinal excitability", "N Shunt surgery", "N Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus", "#text", "N Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "89", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 9.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2045-8118", "publisher": "BioMed Central Ltd.", "sjr": 1.657, "snip": 1.772, "subject_areas": [ "Developmental Neuroscience", "Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience", "Neurology" ], "title": "Fluids and barriers of the CNS" }, "publication_date": "2022-11-08", "selected": false, "title": "The effect of shunt surgery on corticospinal excitability in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Verbal working memory is supported by a left-lateralized frontoparietal theta oscillatory (4\u00e2\u0080\u00938 Hz) network. We tested whether stimulating the left frontoparietal network at theta frequency during verbal working memory can produce observable after-stimulation effects in behavior and neurophysiology. Weak theta-band alternating electric currents were delivered via two 4 \u00c3\u0097 1 HD electrode arrays centered at F3 and P3. Three stimulation configurations, including in-phase, anti-phase, or sham, were tested on three different days in a cross-over (within-subject) design. On each test day, the subject underwent three experimental sessions: pre-, during- and post-stimulation sessions. In all sessions, the subject performed a Sternberg verbal working memory task with three levels of memory load (load 2, 4 and 6), imposing three levels of cognitive demand. Analyzing behavioral and EEG data from the post-stimulation session, we report two main observations. First, in-phase stimulation improved task performance in subjects with higher working memory capacity (WMC) under higher memory load (load 6). Second, in-phase stimulation enhanced frontoparietal theta synchrony during working memory retention in subjects with higher WMC under higher memory loads (load 4 and load 6), and the enhanced frontoparietal theta synchronization is mainly driven by enhanced frontal\u00e2\u0086\u0092parietal theta Granger causality. These observations suggest that (1) in-phase theta transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) during verbal working memory can result in observable behavioral and neurophysiological consequences post stimulation, (2) the short-term plasticity effects are state- and individual-dependent, and (3) enhanced executive control underlies improved behavioral performance. \u00c2\u00a9 2022 The Authors", "authors": [ "Hu, Zhenhong", "Samuel, Immanuel B H", "Meyyappan, Sreenivasan", "Bo, Ke", "Rana, Chandni", "Ding, Mingzhou" ], "categories": null, "citations": 4, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.10.013", "keywords": [ "N State dependent", "N Working memory capacity", "N Theta oscillations", "#text", "N Individual difference", "N Frontoparietal network", "N tACS", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": 9, "pages": "469-477", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2667-2421", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "sjr": 0.595, "snip": 0.623, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "IBRO neuroscience reports" }, "publication_date": "2022-11-01", "selected": false, "title": "Aftereffects of frontoparietal theta tACS on verbal working memory: Behavioral and neurophysiological analysis.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85141539277&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Background: Using transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) to improve visuospatial working memory (vsWM) has received considerable attention over the past few years. However, fundamental issues remain, such as the optimal frequency, the generality of behavioral effects, and the anatomical specificity of stimulation. Objectives: Here we examined the effects of two theory-driven tACS protocols for improving vsWM on behavioral and electroencephalogram (EEG) measures. Methods: Twenty adults each completed 3 HD-tACS conditions (Tuned, Slow, and Sham) on two separate days. The Tuned condition refers to a situation in which the frequency of tACS is tuned to individual theta peak measured during a vsWM task. By contrast, the frequency was fixed to 4 Hz in the Slow condition. A high-definition tACS was deployed to target smaller frontal and parietal regions for increasing their phase-locking values. During each tACS condition, participants performed vsWM, mental rotation (MR), and arithmetic tasks. Resting-state EEG (rs-EEG) was recorded before and after each condition. Results: Compared with Sham, Tuned but not Slow improved both vsWM and MR but not arithmetics. The rs-EEG recording showed an increased fronto-parietal synchrony for Tuned, and this increase in synchronicity was correlated with the behavioral improvement. A follow-up study showed no behavioral improvement in Tuned with an anti-phase setting. Conclusion: We provide the first evidence that simulating right fronto-parietal network with the tuned frequency increases the interregional synchronicity and improves performance on two spatial tasks. The results provide insight into the structure of spatial abilities as well as suggestions for stimulating the fronto-parietal network. \u00c2\u00a9 2022 The Authors", "authors": [ "Zhang, Da-Wei", "Moraidis, Alexandros", "Klingberg, Torkel" ], "categories": null, "citations": 5, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.brs.2022.10.009", "keywords": [ "N Mental rotation", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Spatial ability", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Theta", "N Fronto-parietal network", "N Visuo-spatial working memory", "N tACS" ], "number_of_pages": 9, "pages": "1439-1447", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 12.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1876-4754", "publisher": "Elsevier Inc.", "sjr": 2.184, "snip": 1.816, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Biophysics", "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Brain stimulation" }, "publication_date": "2022-10-31", "selected": false, "title": "Individually tuned theta HD-tACS improves spatial performance.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85141710636&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) patients not amenable to epilepsy surgery can benefit from neurostimulation. Few data compare different neuromodulation strategies.\nOBJECTIVE Compare five invasive neuromodulation strategies for the treatment of DRE: anterior thalamic nuclei deep brain stimulation (ANT-DBS), centromedian thalamic nuclei DBS (CM-DBS), responsive neurostimulation (RNS), chronic subthreshold stimulation (CSS), and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS).\nMETHODS Single center retrospective review and phone survey for patients implanted with invasive neuromodulation for 2004-2021.\nRESULTS N\u00a0=\u00a0159 (ANT-DBS\u00a0=\u00a038, CM-DBS\u00a0=\u00a019, RNS\u00a0=\u00a030, CSS\u00a0=\u00a032, VNS\u00a0=\u00a040). Total median seizure reduction (MSR) was 61\u00a0% for the entire cohort (IQR 5-90) and in descending order: CSS (85\u00a0%), CM-DBS (63\u00a0%), ANT-DBS (52\u00a0%), RNS (50\u00a0%), and VNS (50\u00a0%); p\u00a0=\u00a00.07. The responder rate was 60\u00a0% after a median follow-up time of 26\u00a0months. Seizure severity, life satisfaction, and quality of sleep were improved. Cortical stimulation (RNS and CSS) was associated with improved seizure reduction compared to subcortical stimulation (ANT-DBS, CM-DBS, and VNS) (67\u00a0% vs. 52\u00a0%). Effectiveness was similar for focal epilepsy vs. generalized epilepsy, closed-loop vs. open-loop stimulation, pediatric vs. adult cases, and high frequency (>100\u00a0Hz) vs. low frequency (<100\u00a0Hz) stimulation settings. Delivered charge per hour varied widely across approaches but was not correlated with improved seizure reduction.\nCONCLUSIONS Multiple invasive neuromodulation approaches are available to treat DRE, but little evidence compares the approaches. This study used a uniform approach for single-center results and represents an effort to compare neuromodulation approaches.", "authors": [ "Alcala-Zermeno, Juan Luis", "Gregg, Nicholas M", "Starnes, Keith", "Mandrekar, Jayawant N", "Van Gompel, Jamie J", "Miller, Kai", "Worrell, Greg", "Lundstrom, Brian N" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.yebeh.2022.108951", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "N Low-frequency stimulation", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Chronic subthreshold stimulation", "D052061 Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "N Neurostimulation", "N Responsive neurostimulation", "N Vagus nerve stimulation" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "108951", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1525-5069", "publisher": "Academic Press Inc.", "sjr": 0.923, "snip": 0.899, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Behavioral Neuroscience", "Neurology" ], "title": "Epilepsy & behavior : E&B" }, "publication_date": "2022-10-27", "selected": false, "title": "Invasive neuromodulation for epilepsy: Comparison of multiple approaches from a single center.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "INTRODUCTION A better understanding of how the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis can be externally regulated is of major importance, especially because hyperreactivity to stress has been proposed as a key factor in the onset and maintenance of many psychiatric conditions. Over the past decades, numerous studies have investigated whether non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) can regulate HPA axis reactivity in acute stress situation. As the current results did not allow us to draw clear conclusions, we decided to conduct a systematic review of the literature investigating the effect of a single NIBS session on stress-induced cortisol release.\nMETHODS We searched MEDLINE and Web Of Science for articles indexed through December 2021. Among the 246 articles identified, 15 fulfilled our inclusion criteria with a quality estimated between 52 and 93%.\nRESULTS Of the different NIBS used and targeted brain regions, stimulating the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, with either high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation or anodal transcranial direct current stimulation, seems to be the most appropriate for reducing cortisol release in acute stress situations.\nCONCLUSIONS Despite the heterogeneity of the stimulation parameters, the characteristics of participants, the modalities of cortisol collection, the timing of the NIBS session in relation to the stressor exposure, and methodological considerations, stimulating the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex can be efficient to modulate stress-induced cortisol release.", "authors": [ "Vignaud, Philippe", "Adam, Ondine", "Palm, Ulrich", "Baeken, Chris", "Prieto, Nathalie", "Poulet, Emmanuel", "Brunelin, J\u00e9r\u00f4me" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110667", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "N Transcranial direct current stimulation", "N tDCS", "N Stress", "D016454 Review", "N Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation", "N rTMS", "N Cortisol", "N HPA axis", "D000078182 Systematic Review" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "110667", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 10.8, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1878-4216", "publisher": "Elsevier Inc.", "sjr": 1.543, "snip": 1.314, "subject_areas": [ "Pharmacology", "Biological Psychiatry" ], "title": "Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry" }, "publication_date": "2022-10-21", "selected": false, "title": "Can a single session of noninvasive brain stimulation applied over the prefrontal cortex prevent stress-induced cortisol release?", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is an important target for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to reduce pain. However, the analgesic efficacy of DLPFC-rTMS needs to be optimized, in which the mechanisms of action remain unclear. Concurrent TMS and electroencephalogram (TMS-EEG) is able to evaluate neuroplastic changes beyond the motor cortex. Using TMS-EEG, this study was designed to investigate the local and distributed neuroplastic changes associated with DLPFC analgesia. Thirty-four healthy adults received DLPFC or sham stimulation in a randomized, crossover design. In each session, participants underwent cold pain and TMS-EEG assessment both before and after 10-Hz rTMS. We provide novel findings that DLPFC analgesia is associated with a smaller N120 amplitude in the contralateral prefrontal cortex as well as with a larger N120 peak in the ipsilateral insular cortex. Furthermore, there was a strong negative correlation between N120 changes of these two regions whereby the amplitude changes of this dyad were associated with increased pain threshold. In addition, DLPFC stimulation enhanced coherence between the prefrontal and somatosensory cortices oscillating in the gamma frequency. Overall, our data present novel evidence on local and distributed neuroplastic changes associated with DLPFC analgesia. \u00c2\u00a9 The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: [email protected].", "authors": [ "Ye, Yang", "Wang, Jinghua", "Che, Xianwei" ], "categories": null, "citations": 13, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1093/cercor/bhab493", "keywords": [ "N TMS-EEG", "D016428 Journal Article", "N TMS", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "D016449 Randomized Controlled Trial", "N pain", "N plasticity", "N DLPFC" ], "number_of_pages": 11, "pages": "4436-4446", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 8.2, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1460-2199", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "sjr": 1.738, "snip": 1.159, "subject_areas": [ "Cognitive Neuroscience", "Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience" ], "title": "Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)" }, "publication_date": "2022-10-01", "selected": false, "title": "Concurrent TMS-EEG to reveal the neuroplastic changes in the prefrontal and insular cortices in the analgesic effects of DLPFC-rTMS.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85131763135&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Epilepsy is well-recognized as a disorder of brain networks. There is a growing body of research to identify critical nodes within dynamic epileptic networks with the aim to target therapies that halt the onset and propagation of seizures. In parallel, intracranial neuromodulation, including deep brain stimulation and responsive neurostimulation, are well-established and expanding as therapies to reduce seizures in adults with focal-onset epilepsy; and there is emerging evidence for their efficacy in children and generalized-onset seizure disorders. The convergence of these advancing fields is driving an era of 'network-guided neuromodulation' for epilepsy. In this review, we distil the current literature on network mechanisms underlying neurostimulation for epilepsy. We discuss the modulation of key 'propagation points' in the epileptogenic network, focusing primarily on thalamic nuclei targeted in current clinical practice. These include (i) the anterior nucleus of thalamus, now a clinically approved and targeted site for open loop stimulation, and increasingly targeted for responsive neurostimulation; and (ii) the centromedian nucleus of the thalamus, a target for both deep brain stimulation and responsive neurostimulation in generalized-onset epilepsies. We discuss briefly the networks associated with other emerging neuromodulation targets, such as the pulvinar of the thalamus, piriform cortex, septal area, subthalamic nucleus, cerebellum and others. We report synergistic findings garnered from multiple modalities of investigation that have revealed structural and functional networks associated with these propagation points - including scalp and invasive EEG, and diffusion and functional MRI. We also report on intracranial recordings from implanted devices which provide us data on the dynamic networks we are aiming to modulate. Finally, we review the continuing evolution of network-guided neuromodulation for epilepsy to accelerate progress towards two translational goals: (i) to use pre-surgical network analyses to determine patient candidacy for neurostimulation for epilepsy by providing network biomarkers that predict efficacy; and (ii) to deliver precise, personalized and effective antiepileptic stimulation to prevent and arrest seizure propagation through mapping and modulation of each patients' individual epileptogenic networks.", "authors": [ "Piper, Rory J", "Richardson, R Mark", "Worrell, Gregory", "Carmichael, David W", "Baldeweg, Torsten", "Litt, Brian", "Denison, Timothy", "Tisdall, Martin M" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1093/brain/awac234", "keywords": [ "N epilepsy", "N responsive neurostimulation", "D016428 Journal Article", "D052061 Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "D016454 Review", "N connectivity", "N networks", "N deep brain stimulation" ], "number_of_pages": 16, "pages": "3347-3362", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 20.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1460-2156", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "sjr": 4.437, "snip": 3.147, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)" ], "title": "Brain : a journal of neurology" }, "publication_date": "2022-10-01", "selected": false, "title": "Towards network-guided neuromodulation for epilepsy.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "IMPORTANCE Because Tourette syndrome (TS) is a paroxysmal disorder, symptomatic relief in individuals with TS may be possible through the application of stimulation only during the manifestation of human tic neural signatures. This technique could be capable of suppressing both motor and vocal tics and would have similar effectiveness to conventional continuous deep brain stimulation (DBS).\nOBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and clinical effectiveness of bilateral centromedian-parafascicular complex thalamic closed-loop DBS as a treatment for medication-refractory TS.\nDESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This single-center double-blinded safety and feasibility trial was conducted between February 2014 and June 2020. Six individuals with TS were screened and recruited from the Norman Fixel Institute at the University of Florida. The primary outcome was measured at 6 months, and participants were followed up for the duration of the neurostimulator battery life. Independent ratings that compared closed-loop and conventional DBS were videotaped. The first 2 of 6 individuals with TS were excluded from the study because the technology for embedded closed-loop capability was not yet available. The date of analysis was August 2020.\nINTERVENTIONS DBS therapy controlled by an embedded closed-loop stimulation system.\nMAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary clinical outcome measure was a minimum of a 40% reduction in the YGTSS score at 6 months following DBS. There was also a comparison of conventional DBS with closed-loop DBS using the Modified Rush Videotape Rating Scale for Tic.\nRESULTS The mean (SD) age at TS diagnosis for the cohort was 8.5\u2009(2.9), and the mean (SD) disease duration was 23.7\u2009(5.8) years. Four individuals with TS were analyzed (2 male, 2 female; mean [SD] age, 23.7\u2009[5.8] years). The study showed the closed-loop approach was both feasible and safe. One of the novelties of this study was that a patient-specific closed-loop paradigm was created for each participant. The features and stimulation transition speed were customized based on the signal quality and the tolerance to adverse reactions. The mean (SD) therapeutic outcome with conventional DBS was 33.3%\u2009(35.7%) improvement on the YGTSS and 52.8%\u2009(21.9%) improvement on the Modified Rush Videotape Rating Scale. Two of 4 participants had a primary outcome variable improvement of 40% meeting the primary efficacy target. When comparing closed-loop DBS with conventional DBS using a Wilcoxon sign-rank test, there was no statistical difference between tic severity score and both approaches revealed a lower tic severity score compared with baseline. The study was feasible in all 4 participants, and there were 25 total reported adverse events with 3 study-related events (12%). The most common adverse events were headache and anxiety.\nCONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Embedded closed-loop deep DBS was feasible, safe, and had a comparable outcome to conventional TS DBS for the treatment of tics.\nTRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02056873.", "authors": [ "Cagle, Jackson N", "Okun, Michael S", "Cernera, Stephanie", "Eisinger, Robert S", "Opri, Enrico", "Bowers, Dawn", "Ward, Herbert", "Foote, Kelly D", "Gunduz, Aysegul" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.2741", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 5, "pages": "1064-1068", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 40.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2168-6157", "publisher": "American Medical Association", "sjr": 6.697, "snip": 5.982, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)" ], "title": "JAMA neurology" }, "publication_date": "2022-10-01", "selected": false, "title": "Embedded Human Closed-Loop Deep Brain Stimulation for Tourette Syndrome: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE The authors hypothesized that the proximity of deep brain stimulator contacts to the anterior thalamic nucleus-mammillothalamic tract (ANT-MMT) junction determines responsiveness to treatment with ANT deep brain stimulation (DBS) in drug-resistant epilepsy and conducted this study to test that hypothesis.\nMETHODS This retrospective study evaluated patients who had undergone ANT DBS electrode implantation and whose devices were programmed to stimulate nearest the ANT-MMT junction based on direct MRI visualization. The proximity of the active electrode to the ANT and the ANT-MMT junction was compared between responders (\u2265 50% reduction in seizure frequency) and nonresponders. Linear regression was performed to assess the percentage of seizure reduction and distance to both the ANT and the ANT-MMT junction.\nRESULTS Four (57.1%) of 7 patients had \u2265 50% reduction in seizures. All 4 responders had at least one contact within 1 mm of the ANT-MMT junction, whereas the 3 patients with < 50% seizure improvement did not have a contact within 1 mm of the ANT-MMT junction. Additionally, the 4 responders demonstrated contact positioning closer to the ANT-MMT junction than the 3 nonresponders (mean distance from MMT: 0.7 mm on the left and 0.6 mm on the right in responders vs 3.0 mm on the left and 2.3 mm on the right in nonresponders). However, proximity of the electrode contact to any point in the ANT nucleus did not correlate with seizure reduction. Greater seizure improvement was correlated with a contact position closer to the ANT-MMT junction (R2 = 0.62, p = 0.04). Seizure improvement was not significantly correlated with proximity of the contact to any ANT border (R2 = 0.24, p = 0.26).\nCONCLUSIONS Obtained using a combination of direct visualization and targeted programming of the ANT-MMT junction, data in this study support the hypothesis that proximity to the ANT alone does not correlate with seizure reduction in ANT DBS, whereas proximity to the ANT-MMT junction does. These findings support the importance of direct targeting in ANT DBS, as well as imaging-informed programming. Additionally, the authors provide supportive evidence for future prospective trials using ANT-MMT junction for direct surgical targeting.", "authors": [ "Freund, Brin E", "Greco, Elena", "Okromelidze, Lela", "Mendez, Julio", "Tatum, William O", "Grewal, Sanjeet S", "Middlebrooks, Erik H" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.3171/2022.7.JNS221116", "keywords": [ "N epilepsy", "@UI", "N seizures", "N neurostimulation", "N deep brain stimulation", "N functional neurosurgery", "N magnetic resonance imaging", "#text" ], "number_of_pages": 8, "pages": "1008-1015", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 8.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1933-0693", "publisher": "American Association of Neurological Surgeons", "sjr": 1.138, "snip": 1.896, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "Journal of neurosurgery" }, "publication_date": "2022-09-09", "selected": false, "title": "Clinical outcome of imaging-based programming for anterior thalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported the effects of age and disease duration on the efficacy of subthalamic nuclei deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. However, available data involving these issues are not consistent. In particular, the effect of age and disease duration on the initial efficacy of STN-DBS has not been established.\nMETHODS A total of 51 patients with PD treated with bilateral STN-DBS were involved in the present study. They received clinical symptom evaluation during the preoperative, initial, and chronic stages of surgery. The correlations between age when undergoing surgery/age at disease onset/disease duration and outcomes of STN-DBS were measured.\nRESULTS The preoperative levodopa response was negatively associated with age. During the initial stage, the age when undergoing surgery and age at disease onset were negatively correlated with the effect on bradykinesia, with better symptom control of general symptoms in long-term disease patients. Similarly, patients with an early time of surgery and disease onset and long-term disease duration showed better control of bradykinesia and axial symptoms at the chronic stage. Furthermore, a long-term disease duration and early disease onset benefited from an increase of therapeutic efficacy in general, rigid, and axial symptoms with STN-DBS after a long period. Nevertheless, patients with late disease onset achieved a better relief of stigma.\nCONCLUSION Age and disease durations played a unique role in controlling the symptoms of PD patients treated with STN-DBS. These results may contribute to patient selection and adjustments of expectations of surgery, based on the age, disease duration, and different symptoms.", "authors": [ "Du, Tingting", "Yuan, Tianshuo", "Zhu, Guanyu", "Ma, Ruoyu", "Zhang, Xin", "Chen, Yingchuan", "Zhang, Jianguo" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1111/cns.13958", "keywords": [ "N Parkinson's disease", "D016428 Journal Article", "N disease duration", "N subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N therapeutic efficacy", "N age" ], "number_of_pages": 9, "pages": "2163-2171", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 9.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1755-5949", "publisher": "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd", "sjr": 1.381, "snip": 1.351, "subject_areas": [ "Physiology (medical)", "Pharmacology", "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Pharmacology (medical)" ], "title": "CNS neuroscience & therapeutics" }, "publication_date": "2022-09-07", "selected": false, "title": "The effect of age and disease duration on the efficacy of subthalamic nuclei deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease patients.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "TM Deep brain stimulation of the Anterior Nucleus of the Thalamus (ANT-DBS) is an effective therapy in epilepsy. Poorer surgical outcomes are related to deviations of the lead from the ANT-target. The target identification relies on the visualization of anatomical structures by medical imaging, which presents some disadvantages. This study aims to research whether ANT-LFPs recorded with the Percept PC neurostimulator can be an asset in the identification of the DBS-target. For this purpose, 17 features were extracted from LFPs recorded from a single patient, who stayed at an Epilepsy Monitoring Unit for a 5-day period. Features were then integrated into two machine learning (ML)-based methodologies, according to different LFP bipolar montages: Pass1 (nonadjacent channels) and Pass2 (adjacent channels). We obtained an accuracy of 76.6% for the Pass1-classifier and 83.33% for the Pass2-classifier in distinguishing locations completely inserted in the target and completely outside. Then, both classifiers were used to predict the target percentage of all combinations, and we found that contacts 3 (left hemisphere) and 2 and 3 (right hemisphere) presented higher signatures of the ANT-target, which agreed with the medical images. This result opens a new window of opportunity for the use of LFPs in the guidance of DBS target identification.", "authors": [ "Lopes, Elodie M\u00farias", "Rego, Ricardo", "Rito, Manuel", "Chamadoira, Clara", "Dias, Duarte", "Cunha, Jo\u00e3o Paulo Silva" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.3390/s22176601", "keywords": [ "N epilepsy", "N target localization", "N ANT-DBS", "#text", "@UI", "N LFPs", "N closed-loop stimulation" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": null, "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.8, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1424-8220", "publisher": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)", "sjr": 0.764, "snip": 1.317, "subject_areas": [ "Biochemistry", "Instrumentation", "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics", "Electrical and Electronic Engineering", "Analytical Chemistry", "Information Systems" ], "title": "Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)" }, "publication_date": "2022-09-01", "selected": false, "title": "TM Estimation of ANT-DBS Electrodes on Target Positioning Based on a New Percept PC LFP Signal Analysis.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Objective Approach Main results p Significance . To characterize the direction within and between brain connectivity in winning and losing players in a competitive brain-computer interface game.. Ten dyads (26.9 \u00b1 4.7 yr old, eight females and 12 males) participated in the study. In a competitive game based on neurofeedback, they used their relative alpha (RA) band power from the electrode location Pz, to control a virtual seesaw. The players in each pair were separated into winners (W) and losers (L) based on their scores. Intrabrain connectivity was analyzed using multivariate Granger causality (GC) and directed transfer function, while interbrain connectivity was analyzed using bivariate GC.. Linear regression analysis revealed a significant relationship (< 0.05) between RA and individual scores. During the game, W players maintained a higher RA than L players, although it was not higher than their baseline RA. The analysis of intrabrain GC indicated that both groups engaged in general social interactions, but only the W group succeeded in controlling their brain activity at Pz. Group L applied an inappropriate metal strategy, characterized by strong activity in the left frontal cortex, indicative of collaborative gaming. Interbrain GC showed a larger flow of information from the L to the W group, suggesting a higher capability of the W group to monitor the activity of their opponent.. Both innate neurological indices and gaming mental strategies contribute to game outcomes. Future studies should investigate whether there is a causal relationship between these two factors.", "authors": [ "Putri, Finda", "Susnoschi Luca, Ioana", "Garcia Pedro, Jorge Abdullah", "Ding, Hao", "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107, Aleksandra" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1088/1741-2552/ac8451", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "N brain computer interface", "N interbrain connectivity", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N competitive gaming", "N multiuser", "N EEG" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": null, "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": null, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1741-2552", "publisher": null, "sjr": null, "snip": null, "subject_areas": [], "title": "Journal of neural engineering" }, "publication_date": "2022-08-11", "selected": false, "title": "Winners and losers in brain computer interface competitive gaming: directional connectivity analysis.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Neuromodulation is a key therapeutic tool for clinicians managing patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Multiple devices are available with long-term follow-up and real-world experience. The aim of this review is to give a practical summary of available neuromodulation techniques to guide the selection of modalities, focusing on patient selection for devices, common approaches and techniques for initiation of programming, and outpatient management issues. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), deep brain stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (DBS-ANT), and responsive neurostimulation (RNS) are all supported by randomized controlled trials that show safety and a significant impact on seizure reduction, as well as a suggestion of reduction in the risk of sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Significant seizure reductions are observed after 3\u2009months for DBS, RNS, and VNS in randomized controlled trials, and efficacy appears to improve with time out to 7 to 10\u2009years of follow-up for all modalities, albeit in uncontrolled follow-up or retrospective studies. A significant number of patients experience seizure-free intervals of 6\u00a0months or more with all three modalities. Number and location of epileptogenic foci are important factors affecting efficacy, and together with comorbidities such as severe mood or sleep disorders, may influence the choice of modality. Programming has evolved-DBS is typically initiated at lower current/voltage than used in the pivotal trial, whereas target charge density is lower with RNS, however generalizable optimal parameters are yet to be defined. Noninvasive brain stimulation is an emerging stimulation modality, although it is currently not used widely. In summary, clinical practice has evolved from those established in pivotal trials. Guidance is now available for clinicians who wish to expand their approach, and choice of neuromodulation technique may be tailored to individual patients based on their epilepsy characteristics, risk tolerance, and preferences.", "authors": [ "Simpson, Hugh D", "Schulze-Bonhage, Andreas", "Cascino, Gregory D", "Fisher, Robert S", "Jobst, Barbara C", "Sperling, Michael R", "Lundstrom, Brian N" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1111/epi.17329", "keywords": [ "N brain stimulation", "N DBS (deep brain stimulation)", "D016428 Journal Article", "N RNS (responsive stimulation)", "D052061 Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "D016454 Review", "N neuromodulation", "N VNS (vagus nerve stimulation)" ], "number_of_pages": 16, "pages": "2445-2460", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 10.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1528-1167", "publisher": "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd", "sjr": 1.966, "snip": 1.893, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Epilepsia" }, "publication_date": "2022-08-09", "selected": false, "title": "Practical considerations in epilepsy neurostimulation.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE Subcortical band heterotopia is a rare X-linked neuronal migration disorder primarily in females often associated with drug-resistant epilepsy. The aim of this study is to review the literature for non-pharmacological treatment options of drug-resistant epilepsy in subcortical band heterotopia.\nMATERIAL AND METHODS In accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, we performed a systematic review. Entering the keywords \"double cortex,\" \"subcortical band heterotopia,\" and \"subcortical laminar heterotopia,\" we searched Scopus and PubMed databases. We paid particular attention to type of invasive and non-invasive treatment, radiological presentation, and outcome. We also describe a related case report, managed at Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool.\nRESULTS The systematic literature review yielded 25 patients with subcortical band heterotopia and drug-resistant epilepsy who underwent non-pharmacological treatment. Including our patient, 26 patients were reported. The patients' mean age at seizure onset was 6.5\u00a0years (range 0.2-23) with a female sex predilection (5.25:1). The patients' mean age at invasive or non-invasive treatment was 21.5\u00a0years (range 6.5-51). The 26 patients underwent 29 non-pharmacological treatments. Ten patients underwent corpus callosotomy; 8 patients had a formal temporal lobectomy. Three patients had focal cortical resection. Two patients respectively had multiple subpial transections, insertion of a vagal nerve stimulator, or deep brain stimulation of the bilateral anterior nuclei of the thalamus. One patient underwent responsive focal neurostimulation. Another patient had transcutaneous stimulation of the vagal nerve. Sixteen patients reported a reduction or the disappearance of the seizures; 1 patient had no improvement. The outcome of 2 patients was classified class I, of 1 patient class II, of 1 patient class III, and of 5 patients class IV according to the Engel Epilepsy Surgery Outcome Scale.\nCONCLUSION Mainly corpus callosotomy and formal temporal lobectomy have been performed as non-pharmacological treatment with few cases published overall. Several other invasive procedures and one non-invasive technique are based on case reports. The small number of reported cases prevents drawing a firm conclusion as to which non-pharmacological treatment is the best treatment option for refractive epilepsy in patients with subcortical band heterotopia.", "authors": [ "Kurzbuch, Arthur R", "Cooper, Ben", "Israni, Anil", "Ellenbogen, Jonathan R" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1007/s00381-022-05638-w", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "N Subcortical band heterotopia", "N Subcortical laminar heterotopia", "N Seizure", "N Treatment", "N Double cortex", "N Epilepsy", "D002363 Case Reports", "D000078182 Systematic Review" ], "number_of_pages": 12, "pages": "451-462", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 2.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1433-0350", "publisher": "Springer Verlag", "sjr": 0.504, "snip": 0.9, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health" ], "title": "Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery" }, "publication_date": "2022-08-06", "selected": false, "title": "Non-pharmacological treatment options of drug-resistant epilepsy in subcortical band heterotopia: systematic review and illustrative case.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Objectives: We aimed to investigate the antiepileptic effects of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (c-tDCS) and mechanisms of action based on its effects on the neurotransmitters responsible for the abnormal synchrony patterns seen in pharmacoresistant epilepsy. This is the first study to test the impact of neurostimulation on epileptiform interictal discharges (IEDs) and to measure brain metabolites in the epileptogenic zone (EZ) and control regions simultaneously in patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Methods: This is a hypothesis-driven pilot prospective single-blinded repeated measure design study in patients diagnosed with pharmacoresistant epilepsy of temporal lobe onset. We included seven patients who underwent two sessions of c-tDCS (sham followed by real). The real tDCS session was 20 min in duration and had a current intensity of 1.5 mA delivered via two surface electrodes that had dimensions of 3 \u00c3\u0097 4 cm. The cathode electrode was placed at FT7 in the center whereas the anode at Oz in the center. After each session, we performed electroencephalographic recording to count epileptiform IEDs over 30 min. We also performed magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to measure brain metabolite concentrations in the two areas of interest (EZ and occipital region), namely, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate (Glx), and glutathione. We focused on a homogenous sample where the EZ and antiepileptic medications are shared among patients. Results: Real tDCS decreased the number of epileptiform IEDs per min (from 9.46 \u00c2\u00b1 2.68 after sham tDCS to 5.37 \u00c2\u00b1 3.38 after real tDCS), p = 0.018, as compared to sham tDCS. GABA was decreased in the EZ after real c-tDCS stimulation as compared to sham tDCS (from 0.129 \u00c2\u00b1 0.019 to 0.096 \u00c2\u00b1 0.018, p = 0.02). The reduction in EZ GABA correlated with the reduction in the frequency of epileptiform IED per min (rho: 0.9, p = 0.003). Conclusion: These results provide a window into the antiepileptic mechanisms of action of tDCS, based on local and remote changes in GABA and neural oscillatory patterning responsible for the generation of interictal epileptiform discharges. Copyright \u00c2\u00a9 2022 Abuhaiba, Duarte, Castelhano, Dion\u00c3\u00adsio, Sales, Edden and Castelo-Branco.", "authors": [ "Abuhaiba, Sulaiman I", "Duarte, Isabel C", "Castelhano, Jo\u00e3o", "Dion\u00edsio, Ana", "Sales, Francisco", "Edden, Richard", "Castelo-Branco, Miguel" ], "categories": null, "citations": 1, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.3389/fneur.2022.935029", "keywords": [ "N GABA", "N tDCS", "N epileptiform interictal discharges", "#text", "N pharmacoresistant epilepsy", "N MRS", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "935029", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 4.8, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1664-2295", "publisher": "Frontiers Media S.A.", "sjr": 0.978, "snip": 1.151, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Frontiers in neurology" }, "publication_date": "2022-08-05", "selected": false, "title": "The impact of cathodal tDCS on the GABAergic system in the epileptogenic zone: A multimodal imaging study.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85136523202&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "In today\u00e2\u0080\u0099s complex selling environment, it is challenging for sales leaders to enhance the effectiveness of their sales teams. The aim of this study is to observe the impact of authentic leadership on salespersons\u00e2\u0080\u0099 internal and external behaviors under B2B selling context [i.e., transactive memory system (TMS), innovative work behavior, and customer-directed OCB] and their consequences in team selling performance. Respondents of our survey included salespersons and managers working in the sales departments of pharmaceutical companies. By using structural equation modeling, the dyad responses from 348 matched salespeople\u00e2\u0080\u0093managers were analyzed. The findings disclose that authentic leadership behavior has a stronger relationship with the TMS, innovative work behavior, and customer-directed OCB. Our results also indicate that innovative work behavior and customer-directed OCB are potentially mediated between authentic leadership and team selling performance relationship. The theoretical implication of these results for managerial practice is also discussed. Copyright \u00c2\u00a9 2022 Asim Shahzad, Iqbal, Imad Ud Din Akbar, Bakhsh and Ahmad.", "authors": [ "Asim Shahzad, Muhammad", "Iqbal, Tahir", "Imad Ud Din Akbar, Muhammad", "Bakhsh, Khuda", "Ahmad, Bilal" ], "categories": null, "citations": 0, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.3389/fpsyg.2022.884198", "keywords": [ "N innovative work behavior", "N customer-directed OCB", "N transactive memory system", "#text", "N authentic sales leadership", "N team selling performance", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "884198", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 4.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1664-1078", "publisher": "Frontiers Media S.A.", "sjr": 0.891, "snip": 1.422, "subject_areas": [ "Psychology (all)" ], "title": "Frontiers in psychology" }, "publication_date": "2022-07-22", "selected": false, "title": "Linking Authentic Leadership to Transactive Memory System, Team Innovativeness, and Selling Performance: A Multilevel Investigation.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85135454042&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "1-3 4 5 , 6 7-11 Common cortico-basal ganglia models of motor control suggest a key role for the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in motor inhibition. In particular, when already-initiated actions have to be suddenly stopped, the STN is purportedly recruited via a hyperdirect pathway to net inhibit the cortico-motor system in a broad, non-selective\u00a0fashion. Indeed, the suppression of cortico-spinal excitability (CSE) during rapid action stopping extends beyond the stopped muscle and affects even task-irrelevant motor representations. Although such non-selective CSE suppression has long been attributed to the broad inhibitory influence of STN on the motor system, causal evidence for this association is hitherto lacking. Here, 20 Parkinson's disease patients treated with STN deep-brain stimulation (DBS) and 20 matched healthy controls performed a verbal stop-signal task while CSE was measured from a task-unrelated hand muscle. DBS allowed a causal manipulation of STN, while CSE was measured using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over primary motor cortex and concurrent electromyography. In patients OFF-DBS and controls, the CSE of the hand was non-selectively suppressed when the verbal response was successfully stopped. Crucially, this effect disappeared when STN was disrupted via DBS in the patient group. Using this unique combination of DBS and TMS during human behavior, the current study provides first causal evidence that STN is likely involved in non-selectively suppressing the physiological excitability of the cortico-motor system during action stopping. This confirms a core prediction of long-held cortico-basal ganglia circuit models of movement. The absence of cortico-motor inhibition during STN-DBS may also provide potential insights into the common side effects of STN-DBS, such as increased impulsivity..", "authors": [ "Wessel, Jan R", "Diesburg, Darcy A", "Chalkley, Nathan H", "Greenlee, Jeremy D W" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2022.06.067", "keywords": [ "N subthalamic nucleus", "N stop-signal task", "N inhibitory control", "N deep-brain stimulation", "D016428 Journal Article", "N cortico-spinal excitability", "D052061 Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "N motor-evoked potentials", "D013486 Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.", "N transcranial magnetic stimulation" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "3785-3791.e3", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 12.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1879-0445", "publisher": "Cell Press", "sjr": 2.806, "snip": 1.81, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences (all)", "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all)" ], "title": "Current biology : CB" }, "publication_date": "2022-07-15", "selected": false, "title": "A causal role for the human subthalamic nucleus in non-selective cortico-motor inhibition.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Effective teamwork among military pilots is key to successful mission completion. The underlying neural mechanism of teamwork is thought to be inter-brain synchronization (IBS). IBS could also be explained as an incidental phenomenon of cooperative behavior, but the causality between IBS and cooperative behavior could be clarified by directly producing IBS through extra external stimuli applied to functional brain regions. As a non-invasive technology for altering brain function, transcranial electrical stimulation might have the potential to explore whether top-down enhancement of the synchronization of multiple brains can change cooperative behavioral performance among members of a team. This review focuses on the characteristic features of teamwork among military pilots and variations in neuroimaging obtained by hyper-scanning. Furthermore, we discuss the possibility that transcranial electrical stimulation could be used to improve teamwork among military pilots, try to provide a feasible design for doing so, and emphasize crucial aspects to be addressed by future research.", "authors": [ "Lu, Hongliang", "Zhang, Yajuan", "Huang, Peng", "Zhang, Yan", "Cheng, Sizhe", "Zhu, Xia" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.3389/fnins.2022.931265", "keywords": [ "N hyper-scanning", "D016428 Journal Article", "N teamwork", "N fNIRS", "D016454 Review", "N military pilot", "N IBS", "N tACS" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "931265", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.8, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1662-4548", "publisher": "Frontiers Media S.A.", "sjr": 1.161, "snip": 1.221, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Frontiers in neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2022-07-13", "selected": false, "title": "Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Offers the Possibility of Improving Teamwork Among Military Pilots: A Review.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "PURPOSE OF REVIEW Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is currently the most effective treatment for medically refractory dystonia with globus pallidus internus (GPi) usually the preferred target. Despite the overall success of DBS in dystonia, there remains variability in treatment outcome in both short and long-term follow-up, due to various factors. Factors contributing to variability in outcome comprise 'Dystonia Related' including dystonia classification, semiology, duration, body distribution, orthopaedic deformity, aetiology and genetic cause. The majority of these factors are identifiable from clinical assessment, brain MRI and genetic testing, and therefore merit careful preoperative consideration. 'DBS related' factors include brain target, accuracy of lead placement, stimulation parameters, time allowed for response, neurostimulation technology employed and DBS induced side-effects. In this review, factors contributing to variability in short and long-term dystonia DBS outcome are reviewed and discussed.\nRECENT FINDINGS The recognition of differential DBS benefit in monogenic dystonia, increasing experience with subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS and in DBS for Meige syndrome, elucidation of DBS side effects and novel neurophysiological and imaging techniques to assist in predicting clinical outcome.\nSUMMARY Improved understanding of factors contributing to variability of DBS outcome in dystonia may assist in patient selection and predicting surgical outcomes.", "authors": [ "Tisch, Stephen" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1097/WCO.0000000000001072", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 8, "pages": "510-517", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 10.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1473-6551", "publisher": "Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Ltd.", "sjr": 1.701, "snip": 1.874, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Current opinion in neurology" }, "publication_date": "2022-07-05", "selected": false, "title": "Deep brain stimulation in dystonia: factors contributing to variability in outcome in short and long term follow-up.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE Based on the promising results of randomized controlled trials, deep brain stimulation (DBS) and responsive neurostimulation (RNS) are used increasingly in the treatment of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is an indication for either DBS of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT) or temporal lobe (TL) RNS, but there are no studies that directly compare the seizure benefits and adverse effects associated with these therapies in this patient population. We, therefore, examined all patients who underwent ANT-DBS or TL-RNS for drug-resistant TLE at our center.\nMETHODS We performed a retrospective review of patients who were treated with either ANT-DBS or TL-RNS for drug-resistant TLE with at least 12\u2009months of follow-up. Along with the clinical characteristics of each patient's epilepsy, seizure frequency was recorded throughout each patient's postoperative clinical course.\nRESULTS Twenty-six patients underwent ANT-DBS implantation and 32 patients underwent TL-RNS for drug-resistant TLE. The epilepsy characteristics of both groups were similar. Patients who underwent ANT-DBS demonstrated a median seizure reduction of 58% at 12-15\u2009months, compared to a median seizure reduction of 70% at 12-15\u2009months in patients treated with TL-RNS (p\u2009>\u2009.05). The responder rate (percentage of patients with a 50% decrease or more in seizure frequency) was 54% for ANT-DBS and 56% for TL-RNS (p\u2009>\u2009.05). The incidence of complications and stimulation-related side effects did not significantly differ between therapies.\nSIGNIFICANCE We demonstrate in our single-center experience that patients with drug-resistant TLE benefit similarly from either ANT-DBS or TL-RNS. Selection of either ANT-DBS or TL-RNS may, therefore, depend more heavily on patient and provider preference, as each has unique capabilities and configurations. Future studies will consider subgroup analyses to determine if specific patients have greater seizure frequency reduction from one form of neuromodulation strategy over another.", "authors": [ "Yang, Jimmy C", "Bullinger, Katie L", "Dickey, Adam S", "Karakis, Ioannis", "Alwaki, Abdulrahman", "Cabaniss, Brian T", "Winkel, Daniel", "Rodriguez-Ruiz, Andres", "Willie, Jon T", "Gross, Robert E" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1111/epi.17331", "keywords": [ "N epilepsy", "@UI", "N responsive neurostimulation", "N deep brain stimulation", "N neuromodulation", "#text" ], "number_of_pages": 11, "pages": "2290-2300", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 10.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1528-1167", "publisher": "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd", "sjr": 1.966, "snip": 1.893, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Epilepsia" }, "publication_date": "2022-07-05", "selected": false, "title": "Anterior nucleus of the thalamus deep brain stimulation vs temporal lobe responsive neurostimulation for temporal lobe epilepsy.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Growing evidence suggests that phase-locked deep brain stimulation (DBS) can\neffectively regulate abnormal brain connectivity in neurological and\npsychiatric disorders. This letter therefore presents a low-power SoC with both\nneural connectivity extraction and phase-locked DBS capabilities. A 16-channel\nlow-noise analog front-end (AFE) records local field potentials (LFPs) from\nmultiple brain regions with precise gain matching. A novel low-complexity phase\nestimator and neural connectivity processor subsequently enable\nenergy-efficient, yet accurate measurement of the instantaneous phase and\ncross-regional synchrony measures. Through flexible combination of neural\nbiomarkers such as phase synchrony and spectral energy, a four-channel\ncharge-balanced neurostimulator is triggered to treat various pathological\nbrain conditions. Fabricated in 65nm CMOS, the SoC occupies a silicon area of\n2.24mm2 and consumes 60uW, achieving over 60% power saving in neural\nconnectivity extraction compared to the state-of-the-art. Extensive in-vivo\nmeasurements demonstrate multi-channel LFP recording, real-time extraction of\nphase and neural connectivity measures, and phase-locked stimulation in rats.", "authors": [ "Uisub Shin", "Cong Ding", "Virginia Woods", "Alik S. Widge", "Mahsa Shoaran" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "arXiv" ], "doi": "10.1109/LSSC.2023.3238797", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": null, "publication": { "category": "Preprint", "cite_score": null, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": null, "publisher": null, "sjr": null, "snip": null, "subject_areas": [ "Systems and Control", "Signal Processing" ], "title": "IEEE Solid-State Circuits Letters, vol. 6, pp. 21-24, Jan. 2023" }, "publication_date": "2022-07-03", "selected": false, "title": "A 16-Channel Low-Power Neural Connectivity Extraction and Phase-Locked Deep Brain Stimulation SoC", "urls": [ "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/LSSC.2023.3238797", "http://arxiv.org/pdf/2207.01060v1", "http://arxiv.org/abs/2207.01060v1" ] }, { "abstract": "Freezing of gait is a debilitating symptom in advanced Parkinson's disease and responds heterogeneously to treatments such as deep brain stimulation. Recent studies indicated that cortical dysfunction is involved in the development of freezing, while evidence depicting the specific role of the primary motor cortex in the multi-circuit pathology of freezing is lacking. Since abnormal beta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling recorded from the primary motor cortex in patients with Parkinson's disease indicates parkinsonian state and responses to therapeutic deep brain stimulation, we hypothesized this metric might reveal unique information on understanding and improving therapy for freezing of gait. Here, we directly recorded potentials in the primary motor cortex using subdural electrocorticography and synchronously captured gait freezing using optoelectronic motion-tracking systems in 16 freely-walking patients with Parkinson's disease who received subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation surgery. Overall, we recorded 451 timed up-and-go walking trials and quantified 7073\u2005s of stable walking and 3384\u2005s of gait freezing in conditions of on/off-stimulation and with/without dual-tasking. We found that (i) high beta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling in the primary motor cortex was detected in freezing trials (i.e. walking trials that contained freezing), but not non-freezing trials, and the high coupling in freezing trials was not caused by dual-tasking or the lack of movement; (ii) non-freezing episodes within freezing trials also demonstrated abnormally high couplings, which predicted freezing severity; (iii) deep brain stimulation of subthalamic nucleus reduced these abnormal couplings and simultaneously improved freezing; and (iv) in trials that were at similar coupling levels, stimulation trials still demonstrated lower freezing severity than no-stimulation trials. These findings suggest that elevated phase-amplitude coupling in the primary motor cortex indicates higher probabilities of freezing. Therapeutic deep brain stimulation alleviates freezing by both decoupling cortical oscillations and enhancing cortical resistance to abnormal coupling. We formalized these findings to a novel 'bandwidth model,' which specifies the role of cortical dysfunction, cognitive burden and therapeutic stimulation on the emergence of freezing. By targeting key elements in the model, we may develop next-generation deep brain stimulation approaches for freezing of gait.", "authors": [ "Yin, Zixiao", "Zhu, Guanyu", "Liu, Yuye", "Zhao, Baotian", "Liu, Defeng", "Bai, Yutong", "Zhang, Quan", "Shi, Lin", "Feng, Tao", "Yang, Anchao", "Liu, Huanguang", "Meng, Fangang", "Neumann, Wolf Julian", "K\u00fchn, Andrea A", "Jiang, Yin", "Zhang, Jianguo" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1093/brain/awac121", "keywords": [ "N Parkinson\u2019s disease", "D016428 Journal Article", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N phase amplitude coupling", "N freezing of gait", "N motor cortex", "N deep brain stimulation" ], "number_of_pages": 15, "pages": "2407-2421", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 20.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1460-2156", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "sjr": 4.437, "snip": 3.147, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)" ], "title": "Brain : a journal of neurology" }, "publication_date": "2022-07-01", "selected": false, "title": "Cortical phase-amplitude coupling is key to the occurrence and treatment of freezing of gait.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Low-frequency oscillations (LFOs, 28\u00a0Hz) in the subthalamic nucleus(STN) are known to reflect cognitive conflict. However, it is unclear if LFOs mediate communication and functional interactions among regions implicated in conflict processing, such as the motor cortex (M1), premotor cortex (PMC), and superior parietal lobule (SPL). To investigate the potential contribution of LFOs to cognitive conflict mediation, we recorded M1, PMC, and SPL activities by right subdural electrocorticography (ECoG) simultaneously with bilateral STN local field potentials (LFPs) by deep brain stimulation electrodes in 13 patients with Parkinson's disease who performed the arrow version of the Eriksen flanker task. Elevated cue-related LFO activity was observed across patients during task trials, with the earliest onset in PMC and SPL. At cue onset, LFO power exhibited a significantly greater increase or a trend of a greater increase in the PMC, M1, and STN, and less increase in the SPL during high-conflict (incongruent) trials than in low-conflict (congruent) trials. The local LFO power increases in PMC, SPL, and right STN were correlated with response time, supporting the notion that these structures are critical hubs for cognitive conflict processing. This power increase was accompanied by increased functional connectivity between the PMC and right STN, which was correlated with response time across subjects. Finally, ipsilateral PMC-STN Granger causality was enhanced during high-conflict trials, with direction from STN to PMC. Our study indicates that LFOs link the frontal and parietal cortex with STN during conflicts, and the ipsilateral PMC-STN connection is specifically involved in this cognitive conflict processing.", "authors": [ "Zhang, Quan", "Zhao, Baotian", "Neumann, Wolf-Julian", "Xie, Hutao", "Shi, Lin", "Zhu, Guanyu", "Yin, Zixiao", "Qin, Guofan", "Bai, Yutong", "Meng, Fangang", "Yang, Anchao", "Jiang, Yin", "Zhang, Jianguo" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119389", "keywords": [ "N Subthalamic nucleus (STN)", "D016428 Journal Article", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Cortex", "N Low frequency oscillations", "N Deep brain stimulation (DBS)", "N Conflict" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "119389", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 11.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1095-9572", "publisher": "Academic Press Inc.", "sjr": 2.512, "snip": 1.782, "subject_areas": [ "Cognitive Neuroscience", "Neurology" ], "title": "NeuroImage" }, "publication_date": "2022-06-14", "selected": false, "title": "Low-frequency oscillations link frontal and parietal cortex with subthalamic nucleus in conflicts.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND/AIMS The efficacy and safety of posterior subthalamic area (PSA) and ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the treatment of essential tremor (ET) have not been compared in large-scale studies. We conducted a secondary analysis to identify the superior target of ET-DBS treatment.\nMETHODS PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant studies before September 2021. The tremor-suppression efficacy and rate of stimulation-related complications (SRCR) after PSA-DBS and VIM-DBS treating ET were quantitatively compared. Secondary outcomes, including tremor subitem scores and quality of life results, were also analyzed. Subgroup analyses were further conducted to stratify by follow-up (FU) periods and stimulation lateralities. This study was registered in Open Science Framework (DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/7VJQ8).\nRESULTS A total of 23 studies including 122 PSA-DBS patients and 326 VIM-DBS patients were analyzed. The average follow-up time was 12.81 and 14.66\u2009months, respectively. For the percentage improvement of total tremor rating scale (TRS) scores, PSA-DBS was significantly higher, when compared to VIM-DBS in the sensitivity analysis (p\u00a0=\u00a00.030) and main analysis (p\u00a0=\u00a00.043). The SRCR after VIM-DBS was higher than that of PSA-DBS (p\u00a0=\u00a00.022), and bilateral PSA-DBS was significantly superior to both bilateral and unilateral VIM-DBS (p\u00a0=\u00a00.001).\nCONCLUSIONS This study provided level IIIa evidence that PSA-DBS was more effective and safer for ET than VIM-DBS in 12-24\u2009months, although both PSA-DBS and VIM-DBS were effective in suppressing tremor in ET patients. Further prospective large-scale randomized clinical trials are warranted in the future.", "authors": [ "Fan, Houyou", "Bai, Yutong", "Yin, Zixiao", "An, Qi", "Xu, Yichen", "Gao, Yuan", "Meng, Fangang", "Zhang, Jianguo" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1111/cns.13878", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "N posterior subthalamic area", "N secondary analysis", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N deep brain stimulation", "N essential tremor", "N ventral intermediate nucleus" ], "number_of_pages": 13, "pages": "1380-1392", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 9.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1755-5949", "publisher": "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd", "sjr": 1.381, "snip": 1.351, "subject_areas": [ "Physiology (medical)", "Pharmacology", "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Pharmacology (medical)" ], "title": "CNS neuroscience & therapeutics" }, "publication_date": "2022-06-10", "selected": false, "title": "Which one is the superior target? A comparison and pooled analysis between posterior subthalamic area and ventral intermediate nucleus deep brain stimulation for essential tremor.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The study of interbrain coupling in a group of people attending a concert together is a favorable framework to estimate group emotions and more precisely emotional connection between people sharing situations in the same environment. It offers the advantage of studying interactions at the group level. By recording the cerebral activity of people from an audience during a concert using electroencephalography, we previously demonstrated that the higher the emotions and the physically closer the people were, the more the interbrain synchrony (IBS) was enhanced. To further investigate the parameters that shaped inter-brain synchronization in this context, we now focus on the emotional dynamics of the group as a whole by identifying specific moments in the concert that evoked strong or weak emotions, as well as strong or weak emotional cohesion between individuals. We demonstrated that audience interbrain synchrony is mainly associated with experiencing high musical pleasure and that the group emotional cohesion can enhance IBS, but alone is not the major parameter that shapes it in this context.", "authors": [ "Chabin, Thibault", "Gabriel, Damien", "Comte, Alexandre", "Pazart, Lionel" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.3389/fnhum.2022.855778", "keywords": [ "@UI", "N live performance", "N musical reward", "N emotional connection", "N EEG hyperscanning", "N cerebral coupling", "N emotional sharing", "#text" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "855778", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 4.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1662-5161", "publisher": "Frontiers Media S.A.", "sjr": 0.787, "snip": 1.033, "subject_areas": [ "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Neurology", "Biological Psychiatry", "Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology", "Behavioral Neuroscience" ], "title": "Frontiers in human neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2022-05-06", "selected": false, "title": "Audience Interbrain Synchrony During Live Music Is Shaped by Both the Number of People Sharing Pleasure and the Strength of This Pleasure.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE We investigated the differences in motor symptom change outcomes after bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) and globus pallidus internus (GPi) deep brain stimulation (DBS) in well-defined motor subtypes of Parkinson's disease (PD) to improve clinical decision making.\nMETHODS We included 114 patients who had undergone STN-DBS and 65 patients who had undergone GPi-DBS. The patients were classified as having akinetic-rigid type (ART), tremor-dominant type (TDT), and mixed type (MT) using the preoperative Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III (MDS-UPDRS-III) scores in the no-medication state. The outcome measures included the no-medication MDS-UPDRS-III scores and subscore changes at the last follow-up after surgery. The outcomes were compared among the different motor subtypes and between STN-DBS and GPi-DBS.\nRESULTS At the last follow-up (14.92 \u00b1 8.35 months), the TDT patients had had a greater median overall motor improvement in the no-medication MDS-UPDRS-III scores compared with the ART patients (62.90% vs. 46.67%; P\u00a0<\u00a00.001), regardless of the stimulation target. The ART patients showed greater improvement after STN-DBS than after GPi-DBS (54.44% vs. 37.21%; P < 0.001), with improvements in rigidity, akinesia, and posture and gait disorders accounting for the difference.\nCONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the different PD motor subtypes will have differential responses to STN-DBS and GPi-DBS, that TDT patients will experience greater improvement than ART patients, and that STN-DBS provides better effects for ART patients than does GPi-DBS. In addition, different motor symptoms among the different motor subtypes might respond differently to STN-DBS than to GPi-DBS. All these factors could reflect the heterogeneity of PD. Longer-term outcomes across the different motor subtypes and stimulation targets should be studied further.", "authors": [ "Fan, Shiying", "Liu, Defeng", "Shi, Lin", "Meng, Fangang", "Fang, Huaying", "Liu, Huanguang", "Zhang, Hua", "Yang, Anchao", "Zhang, Jianguo" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.wneu.2022.04.084", "keywords": [ "N Parkinson's disease", "N STN-DBS", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Motor subtypes", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N No-medication MDS-UPDRS-III score", "N GPi-DBS" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "e245-e255", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1878-8769", "publisher": "Elsevier Inc.", "sjr": 0.591, "snip": 1.032, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "World neurosurgery" }, "publication_date": "2022-04-27", "selected": false, "title": "Differential Effects of Subthalamic Nucleus and Globus Pallidus Internus Deep Brain Stimulation on Motor Subtypes in Parkinson's Disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a devastating disease characterized primarily by motor system degeneration, with clinical evidence of cognitive and behavioural change in up to 50% of cases. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is both clinically and biologically heterogeneous. Subgrouping is currently undertaken using clinical parameters, such as site of symptom onset (bulbar or spinal), burden of disease (based on the modified El Escorial Research Criteria) and genomics in those with familial disease. However, with the exception of genomics, these subcategories do not take into account underlying disease pathobiology, and are not fully predictive of disease course or prognosis. Recently, we have shown that resting-state EEG can reliably and quantitatively capture abnormal patterns of motor and cognitive network disruption in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. These network disruptions have been identified across multiple frequency bands, and using measures of neural activity (spectral power) and connectivity (comodulation of activity by amplitude envelope correlation and synchrony by imaginary coherence) on source-localized brain oscillations from high-density EEG. Using data-driven methods (similarity network fusion and spectral clustering), we have now undertaken a clustering analysis to identify disease subphenotypes and to determine whether different patterns of disruption are predictive of disease outcome. We show that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients (n = 95) can be subgrouped into four phenotypes with distinct neurophysiological profiles. These clusters are characterized by varying degrees of disruption in the somatomotor (\u03b1-band synchrony), frontotemporal (\u03b2-band neural activity and \u03b3l-band synchrony) and frontoparietal (\u03b3l-band comodulation) networks, which reliably correlate with distinct clinical profiles and different disease trajectories. Using an in-depth stability analysis, we show that these clusters are statistically reproducible and robust, remain stable after reassessment using a follow-up EEG session, and continue to predict the clinical trajectory and disease outcome. Our data demonstrate that novel phenotyping using neuroelectric signal analysis can distinguish disease subtypes based exclusively on different patterns of network disturbances. These patterns may reflect underlying disease neurobiology. The identification of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis subtypes based on profiles of differential impairment in neuronal networks has clear potential in future stratification for clinical trials. Advanced network profiling in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis can also underpin new therapeutic strategies that are based on principles of neurobiology and designed to modulate network disruption.", "authors": [ "Dukic, Stefan", "McMackin, Roisin", "Costello, Emmet", "Metzger, Marjorie", "Buxo, Teresa", "Fasano, Antonio", "Chipika, Rangariroyashe", "Pinto-Grau, Marta", "Schuster, Christina", "Hammond, Michaela", "Heverin, Mark", "Coffey, Amina", "Broderick, Michael", "Iyer, Parameswaran M", "Mohr, Kieran", "Gavin, Brighid", "McLaughlin, Russell", "Pender, Niall", "Bede, Peter", "Muthuraman, Muthuraman", "van den Berg, Leonard H", "Hardiman, Orla", "Nasseroleslami, Bahman" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1093/brain/awab322", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N amyotrophic lateral sclerosis", "N EEG", "N resting-state", "N clustering", "N subphenotyping" ], "number_of_pages": 11, "pages": "621-631", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 20.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1460-2156", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "sjr": 4.437, "snip": 3.147, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)" ], "title": "Brain : a journal of neurology" }, "publication_date": "2022-04-01", "selected": false, "title": "Resting-state EEG reveals four subphenotypes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND BACKGROUND To study the effects of subthalamic nucleus-deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) on autonomic dysfunctions in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients.\nMETHODS METHODS A total of 57 PD patients who underwent bilateral STN-DBS from March to December 2018, were retrospectively analyzed. Preplanned assessments at baseline and postoperatively at 1, 3, and 6\u00a0months also included the Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease-Autonomic questionnaire (SCOPA-Aut), the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) III score, levodopa equivalent day dose (LEDD), Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life Scale (PDQ-39), the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD).\nRESULTS RESULTS The SCOPA-Aut scores improved significantly [14.59% (18.32%), 24.00% (27.05%), 22.16% (27.07%), all P\u2009<\u20090.001] at 1\u00a0month, 3\u00a0months, and 6\u00a0months of STN-DBS, respectively. Analysis of the SCOPA-Aut sub-items showed significant improvements only in urine and thermoregulation sub-items at 6\u00a0months after surgery (P\u2009<\u20090.001). There was no significant correlation between improvements of SCOPA-Aut scores and improvements of PDQ-39 scores (P\u2009>\u20090.05) at 6\u00a0months after surgery. SCOPA-Aut scores were positively correlated with age (r\u2009=\u20090.428, P\u2009=\u20090.001); the improvements of SCCOPA-Aut scores were positively correlated with improvements of HAMA and HAMD scores (HAMA: r\u2009=\u20090.325, P\u2009=\u20090.015; HAMD: r\u2009=\u20090.265, P\u2009=\u20090.049) at 6\u00a0months after surgery.\nCONCLUSION CONCLUSIONS STN-DBS improved autonomic dysfunction symptoms of PD patients, and urinary and thermoregulatory sub-items of autonomic dysfunction were improved in the short-term after surgery. There was a close relationship between improved autonomic symptoms and improved anxiety and depression 6\u00a0months after surgery. We should therefore direct more attention to autonomic dysfunctions in PD involving detailed preoperative evaluations and postoperative follow-ups, to improve the quality of life of patients.", "authors": [ "Zhang, Feng", "Wang, Feng", "Li, Cong-Hui", "Wang, Ji-Wei", "Han, Chun-Lei", "Fan, Shi-Ying", "Gao, Dong-Mei", "Xing, Yu-Jing", "Yang, Chen", "Zhang, Jian-Guo", "Meng, Fan-Gang" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1186/s12883-022-02651-z", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "N Parkinson\u2019s\u00a0disease", "N Autonomic dysfunction", "N Subthalamic nucleus", "#text", "N Non-motor symptoms", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "124", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 4.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1471-2377", "publisher": "BioMed Central Ltd.", "sjr": 0.771, "snip": 1.092, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)" ], "title": "BMC neurology" }, "publication_date": "2022-03-31", "selected": false, "title": "Subthalamic nucleus-deep brain stimulation improves autonomic dysfunctions in Parkinson's disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Subthalamic nuclei deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) is a well-established treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD). Some studies have confirmed the long-term efficacy is associated with brain connectivity; however, whether the initial outcome is associated with brain connectivity and efficacy of prediction based on these factors has not been well investigated. In the present study, a total of 98 patients were divided into a training set (n\u2009=\u200978) and a test set (n\u2009=\u200920). The stimulation and medication responses were calculated based on the motor performance. The functional and structural connectomes were established based on a public database and used to measure the association between stimulation response and brain connectivity. The prediction of initial outcome was achieved via a machine learning algorithm-support vector machine based on the model established with the training set. It was found that the initial outcome of STN-DBS was associated with functional/structural connectivities between the volume of tissue activated and multiple brain regions, including the supplementary motor area, precentral and frontal areas, cingulum, temporal cortex, and striatum. These factors could be used to predict the initial outcome, with an r value of 0.4978 (P\u2009=\u20090.0255). Our study demonstrates a correlation between a specific connectivity pattern and initial outcome of STN-DBS, which could be used to predict the initial outcome of DBS.", "authors": [ "Chen, Yingchuan", "Zhu, Guanyu", "Liu, Defeng", "Liu, Yuye", "Zhang, Xin", "Du, Tingting", "Zhang, Jianguo" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1007/s13311-022-01208-9", "keywords": [ "N Parkinson\u2019s disease", "N Deep brain stimulation", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Brain connectivity", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Subthalamic nuclei", "N Prediction" ], "number_of_pages": 8, "pages": "608-615", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": null, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1878-7479", "publisher": null, "sjr": null, "snip": null, "subject_areas": [], "title": "Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics" }, "publication_date": "2022-03-23", "selected": false, "title": "Seed-Based Connectivity Prediction of Initial Outcome of Subthalamic Nuclei Deep Brain Stimulation.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Objective: Quadripulse magnetic stimulation (QPS) is useful for changing corticospinal excitability, but the long-term depression (LTD)-like effect considerably has low responder rate. To solve this problem, we modified inhibitory QPS (QPSLTD) by pairing it with the application of an electrical stimulus (ES) to peripheral nerves (paired-associative QPS [PA-QPSLTD]), and investigated the effects of PA-QPSLTD on motor-evoked potentials (MEPs). Methods: The peripheral-nerve ES was applied at two timings with a synchrony to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the primary motor cortex (M1). The intrapair interval between ES and TMS was the N20-peak latency plus 2 ms for PALTP-QPSLTD, and N20-peak latency minus 5 ms for PALTD-QPSLTD. MEPs elicited by TMS over the left M1 were recorded from the right abductor pollicis brevis muscle before and after the interventions. The responder rates of PALTD-QPSLTD and QPSLTD was also studied. Results: The PALTD-QPSLTD induced larger LTD-like effect than QPSLTD, and the PALTP-QPSLTD induced smaller aftereffect than QPSLTD. The responder rates were significantly higher for PALTD-QPSLTD than for QPSLTD. Conclusions: The new protocol, PALTD-QPSLTD, induces powerful and consistent LTD-like aftereffects in the corticospinal tract neurons. Significance: PALTD-QPSLTD is suitable for use in physiological evaluations and therapeutic approaches in various neurological disorders. \u00c2\u00a9 2022 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology", "authors": [ "Wiratman, Winnugroho", "Murakami, Takenobu", "Tiksnadi, Amanda", "Kobayashi, Shunsuke", "Hanajima, Ritsuko", "Ugawa, Yoshikazu" ], "categories": null, "citations": 2, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.clinph.2022.03.009", "keywords": [ "N Interindividual variability", "N Long-term depression (LTD)", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)", "N Paired-associative stimulation (PAS)", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Responder rate", "N Quadripulse stimulation (QPS)" ], "number_of_pages": 9, "pages": "9-17", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1872-8952", "publisher": "Elsevier Ireland Ltd", "sjr": 1.212, "snip": 1.482, "subject_areas": [ "Physiology (medical)", "Neurology (clinical)", "Sensory Systems", "Neurology" ], "title": "Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology" }, "publication_date": "2022-03-21", "selected": false, "title": "Enhancement of LTD-like plasticity by associative pairing of quadripulse magnetic stimulation with peripheral nerve stimulation.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85127186434&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Conceptual alignment is a prerequisite for mutual understanding. However, little is known about the neurophysiological brain-to-brain underpinning during conceptual alignment for mutual understanding. Here, we recorded multi-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) simultaneously from two participants in Experiment 1 and adopted the dual-tACS techniques in Experiment 2 to investigate the underlying brain-to-brain EEG coupling during conceptual alignment and the possible enhancement effect. Our results showed that 1) higher phase-locking value (PLV), a sensitive measure for quantifying neural coupling strength between EEG signals, at the gamma frequency band (28\u00e2\u0080\u009340 Hz), was observed in the left temporoparietal site (left TP) area between successful versus unsuccessful conceptual alignment. The left TP gamma coupling strength correlated with the accuracy of conceptual alignment and differentiated whether subjects belonged to the SUCCESS or FAILURE groups in our study. 2) In-phase gamma-band transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) over the left TP area increased the accuracy of subjects in the SUCCESS group but not the FAILURE group. 3) The effect of perspective-taking on the accuracy was mediated by the gamma coupling strength within the left TP area. Our results support the role of gamma-band coupling between brains for interpersonal conceptual alignment. We provide dynamic interpersonal neurophysiological insights into the formation of successful communication. \u00c2\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Human Brain Mapping published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.", "authors": [ "Chen, Danni", "Zhang, Ruqian", "Liu, Jieqiong", "Wang, Pu", "Bei, Litian", "Liu, Chang-Chia", "Li, Xianchun" ], "categories": null, "citations": 6, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1002/hbm.25831", "keywords": [ "N dual-tACS", "N EEG-based hyperscanning", "D016428 Journal Article", "N conceptual alignment", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N perspective-taking" ], "number_of_pages": 15, "pages": "2992-3006", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 9.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1097-0193", "publisher": "Wiley-Liss Inc.", "sjr": 1.688, "snip": 1.395, "subject_areas": [ "Radiological and Ultrasound Technology", "Anatomy", "Neurology", "Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging", "Neurology (clinical)" ], "title": "Human brain mapping" }, "publication_date": "2022-03-14", "selected": true, "title": "Gamma-band neural coupling during conceptual alignment.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85126220530&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "In this study, the effective application of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) based on the whole brain hemodynamic response in stroke patients was investigated using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The intrahemispheric and interhemispheric synchronization and cortical activity based on the time during 1 mA HD-tDCS were examined in 26 chronic cerebrovascular disease patients. At the beginning of HD-tDCS, the synchronization and brain activity in the whole brain increased rapidly and decreased after 5 min. In the middle of tDCS, the synchronization began to increase again, and strong synchronic connections were formed around the desired stimulation area. After tDCS, strong cortical activation was observed in the stimulation area, indicating that the baseline of the oxyhemoglobin (HbO) signal increased in the desired stimulation area. Therefore, the results of this study indicate that HD-tDCS can be applied efficiently to enhance the effect of tDCS. This stimulation method with tDCS can be explored clinically for more neurorehabilitation of patients with degenerative brain diseases. \u00c2\u00a9 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.", "authors": [ "Lee, Gihyoun", "Lee, Jungsoo", "Kim, Jinuk", "Kim, Heegoo", "Chang, Won Hyuk", "Kim, Yun-Hee" ], "categories": null, "citations": 2, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.3390/jpm12030432", "keywords": [ "N brain signal synchronization", "N hemodynamic response", "N fNIRS", "#text", "N HD-tDCS", "N stroke patients", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": null, "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 2.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2075-4426", "publisher": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)", "sjr": 0.665, "snip": 0.729, "subject_areas": [ "Medicine (miscellaneous)" ], "title": "Journal of personalized medicine" }, "publication_date": "2022-03-10", "selected": false, "title": "Whole Brain Hemodynamic Response Based on Synchrony Analysis of Brain Signals for Effective Application of HD-tDCS in Stroke Patients: An fNIRS Study.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85126462098&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "\u00ae \u00ae p Tinnitus is often triggered by cochlear damage and has been linked with aberrant patterns of neuronal activity. Acoustic Coordinated Reset (CR) Neuromodulation is a sound therapy hypothesised to reduce tinnitus symptoms by desynchronising pathological brain activity using a portable acoustic device (the T30 neurostimulator). We report results of a pivotal trial to test the efficacy of this intervention. This two-centre, double-blind randomised controlled trial with long-term open-label extension, was undertaken between February 2012 and February 2014 in the UK. Participants were 100 adults with tinnitus as a primary complaint, recruited through hearing clinics and media advertisements. Intervention was the device programmed either with the proprietary sound sequence or placebo algorithm, fit by one of five trained audiologists. Minimisation software provided group allocation (1:1 randomisation), with groups matched for age, gender, hearing loss and tinnitus severity. Allocation was masked from participants and assessors during the trial. The primary measure of efficacy was change in tinnitus symptom severity between groups, measured using the Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire at 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes were other measures of tinnitus symptom severity, health-related quality of life, and perceptual characteristics (pitch, loudness, bandwidth) at 12 weeks, and Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire at 36 weeks (open-label extension). A statistician blinded to the allocation conducted an intention-to-treat analysis that employed linear regressions on minimisation variables, trial centre and intervention group, with multiple imputations for missing data. The study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01541969). We screened 391 individuals and assigned interventions to 100 eligible participants. The primary outcome was not statistically significant between groups (mean group = -0.45, 95% CI -5.25 to 4.35; = 0.85), nor were any of the secondary outcomes. Four adverse events occurred during the trial. Analysis of tinnitus symptom severity data collected across the 24-week open-label extension showed no statistically significant within-group changes after 12, 24, or 36 weeks treatment with the proprietary sound sequence. While individual participants may benefit from sound therapy, Acoustic CR Neuromodulation did not lead to group-mean reductions on tinnitus symptom severity or other measures compared to placebo, or over time.", "authors": [ "Hall, Deborah Ann", "Pierzycki, Robert Henryk", "Thomas, Holly", "Greenberg, David", "Sereda, Magdalena", "Hoare, Derek James" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.3390/brainsci12030317", "keywords": [ "N acoustic CR neuromodulation", "N sound therapy", "@UI", "N quality of life", "N neuromodulation", "N neural synchrony", "#text", "N tinnitus disorder" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": null, "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2076-3425", "publisher": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)", "sjr": 0.752, "snip": 0.938, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Brain sciences" }, "publication_date": "2022-02-26", "selected": false, "title": "Systematic Evaluation of the T30 Neurostimulator Treatment for Tinnitus: A Double-Blind Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trial with Open-Label Extension.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVES Up to 40% of patients with idiopathic generalised epilepsy (IGE) are drug resistant and potentially could benefit from intracranial neuromodulation of the seizure circuit. We present outcomes following 2\u2009years of thalamic-responsive neurostimulation for IGE.\nMETHODS Four patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy underwent RNS System implantation in the bilateral centromedian (CM) nucleus region. Electrophysiological data were extracted from the clinical patient data management system and analysed using a specialised platform (BRAINStim). Postoperative visualisation of electrode locations was performed using Lead-DBS. Seizure outcomes were reported using the Engel scale.\nRESULTS Patients experienced a 75%-99%\u2009reduction in seizure frequency with decreased seizure duration and severity (Engel class IB, IC, IIA and IIIA), as well as significant improvements in quality of life. Outcomes were durable through at least 2 years of therapy. Detection accuracy for all patients overall decreased over successive programming epochs from a mean of 96.5% to 88.3%. Most electrodes used to deliver stimulation were located in the CM (7/10) followed by the posterior dorsal ventral lateral (2/2), posterior ventral posterior lateral (3/4) and posterior ventral ventral lateral (2/3). In all patients, stimulation varied from 0.2 to 2.0 mA and amplitude only increased over successive epochs. The raw percentage of intracranial electroencephalography recordings with stimulations delivered to electrographic seizures was 24.8%, 1.2%, 7.6% and 8.8%.\nCONCLUSION Closed-loop stimulation of the CM region may provide significant improvement in seizure control and quality of life for patients with drug-resistant IGE. Optimal detection and stimulation locations and parameters remain an active area of investigation for accelerating and fine-tuning clinical responses.", "authors": [ "Sisterson, Nathaniel D", "Kokkinos, Vasileios", "Urban, Alexandra", "Li, Ningfei", "Richardson, R Mark" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1136/jnnp-2021-327512", "keywords": [ "N epilepsy", "D016428 Journal Article", "D052061 Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "N electrical stimulation", "N surgery", "N neurosurgery" ], "number_of_pages": 8, "pages": "491-498", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 15.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1468-330X", "publisher": "BMJ Publishing Group", "sjr": 3.178, "snip": 2.878, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Surgery" ], "title": "Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry" }, "publication_date": "2022-02-25", "selected": false, "title": "Responsive neurostimulation of the thalamus improves seizure control in idiopathic generalised epilepsy: initial case series.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE Current methods of neuromodulation have been shown to reduce seizures in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, and in a small percentage of patients it has rendered them seizure-free when surgical resection is not feasible. While polytherapy with antiseizure medication is not uncommon, dual neurostimulation has received limited attention. We set out to identify trends and changes in the use of dual neurostimulation to understand choosing device combinations.\nMETHODS We reviewed the Mayo Clinic database in Florida of patients who underwent vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), deep brain stimulation (DBS), and responsive neurostimulation (RNS) from October 1998 through September 2021. The prevalence of active VNS with DBS or RNS was considered dual therapy.\nRESULTS In total, 131 patients (71 female) underwent 164 VNS-associated procedures, 28 received RNS, and 8 received DBS (6 anterior thalamic DBS; 2 thalamic centromedian nucleus DBS). Active dual stimulation occurred in 3 of 28 patients who received RNS and 8 of 8 patients who received DBS (P\u00a0= 0.006), mean duration of 28 and 16.3 months, respectively. Patients who received VNS-DBS were more likely to have a previous response to VNS (P\u00a0= 0.025) and were unresponsive to more antiseizure medications (P\u00a0= 0.020). The VNS-RNS group had focal seizures more likely to have electroclinical localization (P\u00a0= 0.005) and more frequently underwent invasive electroencephalographic monitoring (P\u00a0= 0.026).\nCONCLUSIONS The ability to localize was the primary decision-maker in prompting RNS versus DBS. RNS surgery was more likely to be preceded by invasive electroencephalographic monitoring. Previous VNS responsiveness was more prominent in patients with DBS. Dual therapy was safe. Prospective multicenter studies of dual-device neuromodulation are needed.", "authors": [ "Freund, Brin", "Grewal, Sanjeet S", "Middlebrooks, Erik H", "Moniz-Garcia, Diogo", "Feyissa, Anteneh M", "Tatum, William O" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.wneu.2022.02.057", "keywords": [ "@UI", "N Safety", "N Neuromodulation", "N Deep brain stimulator", "N Seizures", "N Epilepsy", "N Responsive neurostimulator", "#text" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "e596-e601", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1878-8769", "publisher": "Elsevier Inc.", "sjr": 0.591, "snip": 1.032, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "World neurosurgery" }, "publication_date": "2022-02-18", "selected": false, "title": "Dual-Device Neuromodulation in Epilepsy.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Abstract: Recent studies have synchronized transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) application with pre-defined brain oscillatory phases showing how brain response to perturbation depends on the brain state. However, none have investigated whether phase-dependent TMS can possibly modulate connectivity with homologous distant brain regions belonging to the same network. In the framework of network-targeted TMS, we investigated whether stimulation delivered at a specific phase of ongoing brain oscillations might favour stronger cortico-cortical (c-c) synchronization of distant network nodes connected to the stimulation target. Neuronavigated TMS pulses were delivered over the primary motor cortex (M1) during ongoing electroencephalography recording in 24 healthy individuals over two repeated sessions 1\u00c2 month apart. Stimulation effects were analysed considering whether the TMS pulse was delivered at the time of a positive (peak) or negative (trough) phase of \u00ce\u00bc-frequency oscillation, which determines c-c synchrony within homologous areas of the sensorimotor network. Diffusion weighted imaging was used to study c-c connectivity within the sensorimotor network and identify contralateral regions connected with the stimulation spot. Depending on when during the \u00ce\u00bc-activity the TMS-pulse was applied (peak or trough), its impact on inter-hemispheric network synchrony varied significantly. Higher M1\u00e2\u0080\u0093M1 phase-lock synchronization after the TMS-pulse (0\u00e2\u0080\u0093200\u00c2 ms) in the \u00ce\u00bc-frequency band was found for trough compared to peak stimulation trials in both study visits. Phase-dependent TMS delivery might be crucial not only to amplify local effects but also to increase the magnitude and reliability of the response to the external perturbation, with implications for interventions aimed at engaging more distributed functional brain networks. Key points: Synchronized transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) pulses with pre-defined brain oscillatory phases allow evaluation of the impact of brain states on TMS effects. TMS pulses over M1 at the negative peak of the \u00ce\u00bc-frequency band induce higher phase-lock synchronization with interconnected contralateral homologous regions. Cortico-cortical synchronization changes are linearly predicted by the fibre density and cross-section of the white matter tract that connects the two brain regions. Phase-dependent TMS delivery might be crucial not only to amplify local effects but also to increase the magnitude and reliability of within-network synchronization. \u00c2\u00a9 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Physiology \u00c2\u00a9 2021 The Physiological Society", "authors": [ "Momi, Davide", "Ozdemir, Recep A", "Tadayon, Ehsan", "Boucher, Pierre", "Di Domenico, Alberto", "Fasolo, Mirco", "Shafi, Mouhsin M", "Pascual-Leone, Alvaro", "Santarnecchi, Emiliano" ], "categories": null, "citations": 5, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1113/JP282393", "keywords": [ "N TMS-EEG", "N \u03bc-rhythm", "D016428 Journal Article", "D052061 Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "N cortico-cortical connectivity", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N structural connectivity", "N brain-state dependent effect" ], "number_of_pages": 17, "pages": "1455-1471", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 9.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1469-7793", "publisher": "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd", "sjr": 1.557, "snip": 1.417, "subject_areas": [ "Physiology" ], "title": "The Journal of physiology" }, "publication_date": "2022-02-09", "selected": false, "title": "Phase-dependent local brain states determine the impact of image-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation on motor network electroencephalographic synchronization.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85124503283&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "A primary goal of translational neuroscience is to identify the neural mechanisms of age-related cognitive decline and develop protocols to maximally improve cognition. Here, we demonstrate how interventions that apply noninvasive neurostimulation to older adults improve working memory (WM). We found that one session of sham-controlled transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) selectively improved WM in older adults with more education, extending earlier work and underscoring the importance of identifying individual predictors of tDCS responsivity. Improvements in WM were associated with two distinct electrophysiological signatures. First, a broad enhancement of theta network synchrony tracked improvements in behavioral accuracy, with tDCS effects moderated by education level. Further analysis revealed that accuracy dynamics reflected an anterior-posterior network distribution regardless of cathode placement. Second, specific enhancements of theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) reflecting tDCS current flow tracked improvements in reaction time (RT). RT dynamics further explained inter-individual variability in WM improvement independent of education. These findings illuminate theta network synchrony and theta-gamma PAC as distinct but complementary mechanisms supporting WM in aging. Both mechanisms are amenable to intervention, the effectiveness of which can be predicted by individual demographic factors. \u00c2\u00a9 2022 The Author(s)", "authors": [ "Johnson, Elizabeth L", "Arciniega, Hector", "Jones, Kevin T", "Kilgore-Gomez, Alexandrea", "Berryhill, Marian E" ], "categories": null, "citations": 7, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.118939", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "N tDCS", "N Individual differences", "D052061 Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "N Theta", "N Aging", "D013486 Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.", "N Working memory", "N EEG" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "118939", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 11.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1095-9572", "publisher": "Academic Press Inc.", "sjr": 2.512, "snip": 1.782, "subject_areas": [ "Cognitive Neuroscience", "Neurology" ], "title": "NeuroImage" }, "publication_date": "2022-01-29", "selected": false, "title": "Individual predictors and electrophysiological signatures of working memory enhancement in aging.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85124020122&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "AIM Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) has been reported to be effective in treating motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD), which may be attributed to changes in the brain network. However, the association between brain morphology and initial STN-DBS efficacy, as well as the performance of prediction using neuroimaging, has not been well illustrated. Therefore, we aim to investigate these issues.\nMETHODS In the present study, 94 PD patients underwent bilateral STN-DBS, and the initial stimulation efficacy was evaluated. Brain morphology was examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The volume of tissue activated in the motor STN was measured with MRI and computed tomography. The prediction of stimulation efficacy was achieved with a support vector machine, using brain morphology and other features, after feature selection and hyperparameter optimization.\nRESULTS 2 A higher stimulation efficacy was correlated with a thicker right precentral cortex. No association with subcortical gray or white matter volumes was observed. These morphological features could estimate the individual stimulation response with an r value of 0.5678, an R of 0.3224, and an average error of 11.4%. The permutation test suggested these predictions were not based on chance.\nCONCLUSION Our results indicate that changes in morphology are associated with the initial stimulation motor response and could be used to predict individual initial stimulation-related motor responses.", "authors": [ "Chen, Yingchuan", "Zhu, Guanyu", "Liu, Yuye", "Liu, Defeng", "Yuan, Tianshuo", "Zhang, Xin", "Jiang, Yin", "Du, Tingting", "Zhang, Jianguo" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1111/cns.13797", "keywords": [ "N machine learning", "N efficacy", "D016428 Journal Article", "N subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N brain morphology" ], "number_of_pages": 10, "pages": "667-676", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 9.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1755-5949", "publisher": "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd", "sjr": 1.381, "snip": 1.351, "subject_areas": [ "Physiology (medical)", "Pharmacology", "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Pharmacology (medical)" ], "title": "CNS neuroscience & therapeutics" }, "publication_date": "2022-01-20", "selected": false, "title": "Predict initial subthalamic nucleus stimulation outcome in Parkinson's disease with brain morphology.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Tinnitus is an auditory sensation in the absence of actual external stimulation. Different clinical interventions are used in tinnitus treatment, but only few patients respond to available options. The lack of successful tinnitus treatment is partly due to the limited knowledge about the mechanisms underlying tinnitus. Recently, the auditory part of the thalamus has gained attention as a central structure in the neuropathophysiology of tinnitus. Increased thalamic spontaneous firing rate, bursting activity and oscillations, alongside an increase of GABAergic tonic inhibition have been shown in the auditory thalamus in animal models of tinnitus. In addition, clinical neuroimaging studies have shown structural and functional thalamic changes with tinnitus. This review provides a systematic overview and discussion of these observations that support a central role of the auditory thalamus in tinnitus. Based on this approach, a neuromodulative treatment option for tinnitus is proposed.", "authors": [ "Almasabi, Faris", "Janssen, Marcus L F", "Devos, Jana", "Moerel, Michelle", "Schwartze, Michael", "Kotz, Sonja A", "Jahanshahi, Ali", "Temel, Yasin", "Smit, Jasper V" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147797", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Thalamus", "N Tinnitus", "D016454 Review", "N Neuromodulation", "N Auditory thalamus", "N Medial geniculate body of thalamus" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "147797", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1872-6240", "publisher": "Elsevier", "sjr": 0.854, "snip": 0.766, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)", "Neurology (clinical)", "Molecular Biology", "Developmental Biology" ], "title": "Brain research" }, "publication_date": "2022-01-17", "selected": false, "title": "The role of the medial geniculate body of the thalamus in the pathophysiology of tinnitus and implications for treatment.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a neuromodulatory treatment used in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). The primary goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to describe recent advancements in the field of DBS for epilepsy, to compare the results of published trials, and to clarify the clinical utility of DBS in DRE. A systematic literature search was performed by two independent authors. Forty-four articles were included in the meta-analysis (23 for anterior thalamic nucleus [ANT], 8 for centromedian thalamic nucleus [CMT], and 13 for hippocampus) with a total of 527 patients. The mean seizure reduction after stimulation of the ANT, CMT, and hippocampus in our meta-analysis was 60.8%, 73.4%, and 67.8%, respectively. DBS is an effective and safe therapy in patients with DRE. Based on the results of randomized controlled trials and larger clinical series, the best evidence exists for DBS of the anterior thalamic nucleus. Further randomized trials are required to clarify the role of CMT and hippocampal stimulation. Our analysis suggests more efficient deep brain stimulation of ANT for focal seizures, wider use of CMT for generalized seizures, and hippocampal DBS for temporal lobe seizures. Factors associated with clinical outcome after DBS for epilepsy are electrode location, stimulation parameters, type of epilepsy, and longer time of stimulation. Recent advancements in anatomical targeting, functional neuroimaging, responsive neurostimulation, and sensing of local field potentials could potentially lead to improved outcomes after DBS for epilepsy and reduced sudden, unexpected death of patients with epilepsy. Biomarkers are needed for successful patient selection, targeting of electrodes and optimization of stimulation parameters.", "authors": [ "Vetkas, Artur", "Fomenko, Anton", "Germann, J\u00fcrgen", "Sarica, Can", "Iorio-Morin, Christian", "Samuel, Nardin", "Yamamoto, Kazuaki", "Milano, Vanessa", "Cheyuo, Cletus", "Zemmar, Ajmal", "Elias, Gavin", "Boutet, Alexandre", "Loh, Aaron", "Santyr, Brendan", "Gwun, Dave", "Tasserie, Jordy", "Kalia, Suneil K", "Lozano, Andres M" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1111/epi.17157", "keywords": [ "N ANT", "N DBS", "D016428 Journal Article", "N seizures", "D016454 Review", "N CMT", "N focal", "D017418 Meta-Analysis", "D000078182 Systematic Review" ], "number_of_pages": 12, "pages": "513-524", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 10.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1528-1167", "publisher": "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd", "sjr": 1.966, "snip": 1.893, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Epilepsia" }, "publication_date": "2022-01-03", "selected": false, "title": "Deep brain stimulation targets in epilepsy: Systematic review and meta-analysis of anterior and centromedian thalamic nuclei and hippocampus.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The default mode network (DMN) is the most-prominent intrinsic connectivity network, serving as a key architecture of the brain\u00e2\u0080\u0099s functional organization. Conversely, dysregulated DMN is characteristic of major neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the field still lacks mechanistic insights into the regulation of the DMN and effective interventions for DMN dysregulation. The current study approached this problem by manipulating neural synchrony, particularly alpha (8 to 12 Hz) oscillations, a dominant intrinsic oscillatory activity that has been increasingly associated with the DMN in both function and physiology. Using high-definition alpha-frequency transcranial alternating current stimulation (\u00ce\u00b1-tACS) to stimulate the cortical source of alpha oscillations, in combination with simultaneous electroencephalography and functional MRI (EEG-fMRI), we demonstrated that \u00ce\u00b1-tACS (versus Sham control) not only augmented EEG alpha oscillations but also strengthened fMRI and (source-level) alpha connectivity within the core of the DMN. Importantly, increase in alpha oscillations mediated the DMN connectivity enhancement. These findings thus identify a mechanistic link between alpha oscillations and DMN functioning. That transcranial alpha modulation can up-regulate the DMN further highlights an effective noninvasive intervention to normalize DMN functioning in various disorders. \u00c2\u00a9 2022 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.", "authors": [ "Clancy, Kevin J", "Andrzejewski, Jeremy A", "You, Yuqi", "Rosenberg, Jens T", "Ding, Mingzhou", "Li, Wen" ], "categories": null, "citations": 18, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1073/pnas.2110868119", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "D052061 Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "N simultaneous EEG-fMRI", "N DMN", "D013486 Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.", "N alpha oscillations", "N noninvasive brain stimulation", "N tACS" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": null, "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 19.2, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1091-6490", "publisher": "National Academy of Sciences", "sjr": 4.026, "snip": 2.765, "subject_areas": [ "Multidisciplinary" ], "title": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America" }, "publication_date": "2022-01-01", "selected": false, "title": "Transcranial stimulation of alpha oscillations up-regulates the default mode network.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85122681876&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Measuring neural oscillatory synchrony facilitates our understanding of complex brain networks and the underlying pathological states. Altering the cross-regional synchrony-as a measure of brain network connectivity-via phase-locked deep brain stimulation (DBS) could provide a new therapeutic solution for various neurological [1] and psychiatric disorders [2]. This feature is missing in current neuromodulation devices and requires an accurate, energy-efficient computation of oscillatory phase and cross-regional synchrony on chip. The conventional iterative vector processing approach via CORDIC [3] can accurately extract the instantaneous phase and phase locking value (PLV) at the cost of high power consumption (400\u00ce\u00bcW). As a result, it cannot be applied to large-scale (>100-CH) neuronal networks. Moreover, the latency in the pipelined CORDIC processor may hinder timely phase-locked stimulation in the absence of an excessively high clock speed. Alternatively, the PLV extractors in [4], [5] utilized simple approximation algorithms such as 1-bit quantization and local minima detection. These methods, albeit efficient, compromise PLV accuracy and cannot extract the instantaneous phase of neuronal signals. To provide an efficient, flexible, and accurate phase-locked DBS platform, this paper integrates a 16-channel low-noise AFE, an energy-efficient multi-mode phase synchrony processor, and a 4-channel neurostimulator that is locked to specific neuronal oscillatory phases (i.e., fixed or random phase, PLV or PAC). An amplitude-locked control can be further enabled through envelope and multi-band spectral energy extraction for common use cases such as epilepsy. \u00c2\u00a9 2022 IEEE.", "authors": [ "Shin, U.", "Ding, C.", "Somappa, L.", "Woods, V.", "Widge, A.S.", "Shoaran, M." ], "categories": null, "citations": 7, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus" ], "doi": "10.1109/CICC53496.2022.9772806", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": null, "publication": { "category": "Conference Proceedings", "cite_score": 3.3, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": "9781665407564", "issn": "08865930", "publisher": "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.", "sjr": 1.133, "snip": 0.809, "subject_areas": [ "Electrical and Electronic Engineering" ], "title": "Proceedings of the Custom Integrated Circuits Conference" }, "publication_date": "2022-01-01", "selected": false, "title": "A 16-Channel 60\u03bcW Neural Synchrony Processor for Multi-Mode Phase-Locked Neurostimulation", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85130481438&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Chronic brain recordings suggest that seizure risk is not uniform, but rather varies systematically relative to daily (circadian) and multiday (multidien) cycles. Here, one human and seven dogs with naturally occurring epilepsy had continuous intracranial EEG (median 298\u00a0days) using novel implantable sensing and stimulation devices. Two pet dogs and the human subject received concurrent thalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS) over multiple months. All subjects had circadian and multiday cycles in the rate of interictal epileptiform spikes (IES). There was seizure phase locking to circadian and multiday IES cycles in five and seven out of eight subjects, respectively. Thalamic DBS modified circadian (all 3 subjects) and multiday (analysis limited to the human participant) IES cycles. DBS modified seizure clustering and circadian phase locking in the human subject. Multiscale cycles in brain excitability and seizure risk are features of human and canine epilepsy and are modifiable by thalamic DBS.", "authors": [ "Gregg, Nicholas M", "Sladky, Vladimir", "Nejedly, Petr", "Mivalt, Filip", "Kim, Inyong", "Balzekas, Irena", "Sturges, Beverly K", "Crowe, Chelsea", "Patterson, Edward E", "Van Gompel, Jamie J", "Lundstrom, Brian N", "Leyde, Kent", "Denison, Timothy J", "Brinkmann, Benjamin H", "Kremen, Vaclav", "Worrell, Gregory A" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-03555-7", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "24250", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2045-2322", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "sjr": 0.973, "snip": 1.312, "subject_areas": [ "Human-Computer Interaction", "Neurons and Cognition", "Combinatorics", "Multidisciplinary" ], "title": "Scientific reports" }, "publication_date": "2021-12-20", "selected": false, "title": "Thalamic deep brain stimulation modulates cycles of seizure risk in epilepsy.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) is a rare, life-threatening complication of febrile illness in previously healthy individuals followed by super-refractory status epilepticus. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been demonstrated to be a promising therapy for the treatment of intractable epilepsy. Here, we present a pediatric patient with FIRES whose seizures were mitigated by acute DBS of the bilateral centromedian thalamic nucleus (CMTN). This is a previously healthy 11-year-old female who presented emergently with altered mental status, fever, and malaise after 1\u00a0week of lethargy, anorexia, fever, and abdominal pain. The patient began having seizures shortly after admission. After thorough workup for encephalitis and other potential etiologies, this patient was diagnosed with FIRES due to super-refractory status epilepticus. Status epilepticus persisted despite pharmacologic management, immunotherapy, and vagus nerve stimulation. DBS of the bilateral CMTN (CM-DBS) was pursued after 56\u00a0days of hospitalization, and she demonstrated considerable improvement in baseline mental status 30\u00a0days after DBS insertion. This report highlights application of CM-DBS for super-refractory status epilepticus in FIRES. This region is a diffusely connected brain region and has been shown to modulate neural networks contributing to seizure propagation and consciousness; therefore, neurostimulation is a potential therapeutic intervention for patients with super-refractory status epilepticus.", "authors": [ "Hect, Jasmine L", "Fernandez, Luis D", "Welch, William P", "Abel, Taylor J" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1002/epi4.12568", "keywords": [ "N critical care", "N pediatric epilepsy", "D016428 Journal Article", "D052061 Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "N neuromodulation", "N drug-resistant epilepsy", "D002363 Case Reports" ], "number_of_pages": 7, "pages": "187-193", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2470-9239", "publisher": "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd", "sjr": 1.051, "snip": 1.208, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Epilepsia open" }, "publication_date": "2021-12-13", "selected": false, "title": "Deep brain stimulation of the centromedian thalamic nucleus for the treatment of FIRES.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "AIMS Deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the ventral intermediate nucleus (Vim-DBS) is the preferred surgical therapy for essential tremor (ET). Tolerance and disease progression are considered to be the two main reasons underlying the loss of long-term efficacy of Vim-DBS. This study aimed to explore whether Vim-DBS shows long-term loss of efficacy and to evaluate the reasons for this diminished efficacy from different aspects.\nMETHODS In a repeated-measures meta-analysis of 533 patients from 18\u00a0studies, Vim-DBS efficacy was evaluated at \u22646\u00a0months, 7-12\u00a0months, 1-3\u00a0years, and \u22654\u00a0years. The primary outcomes were the score changes in different components of the Fahn-Tolosa-Marin Tremor Rating Scale (TRS; total score, motor score, hand-function score, and activities of daily living [ADL] score). Secondary outcomes were the long-term predictive factors.\nRESULTS The TRS total, motor, and ADL scores showed significant deterioration with disease progression (p\u00a0=\u00a00.002, p\u00a0=\u00a00.047, and p\u00a0<\u00a00.001, respectively), while the TRS total (p\u00a0<\u00a00.001), hand-function (p\u00a0=\u00a00.036), and ADL (p\u00a0=\u00a00.004) scores indicated a significant long-term reduction in DBS efficacy, although the motor subscore indicated no loss of efficacy. Hand-function (p\u00a0<\u00a00.001) and ADL (p\u00a0=\u00a00.028) scores indicated DBS tolerance, while the TRS total and motor scores did not. Stimulation frequency and preoperative score were predictive factors for long-term results.\nCONCLUSION This study provides level 3a evidence that long-term Vim-DBS is effective in controlling motor symptoms without waning benefits. The efficacy reduction for hand function was caused by DBS tolerance, while that for ADL was caused by DBS tolerance and disease progression. More attention should be given to actual functional recovery rather than changes in motor scores in patients with ET.", "authors": [ "Bai, Yutong", "Yin, Zixiao", "Diao, Yu", "Hu, Tianqi", "Yang, Anchao", "Meng, Fangang", "Zhang, Jianguo" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1111/cns.13770", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "N long-term effects", "N ventral intermediate nucleus", "N meta-analysis", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N essential tremor", "N predictive factors", "D017418 Meta-Analysis", "N deep brain stimulation" ], "number_of_pages": 10, "pages": "279-288", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 9.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1755-5949", "publisher": "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd", "sjr": 1.381, "snip": 1.351, "subject_areas": [ "Physiology (medical)", "Pharmacology", "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Pharmacology (medical)" ], "title": "CNS neuroscience & therapeutics" }, "publication_date": "2021-12-05", "selected": false, "title": "Loss of long-term benefit from VIM-DBS in essential tremor: A\u00a0secondary analysis of repeated measurements.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Many tasks require the skilled interaction of both hands, such as eating with knife and fork or keyboard typing. However, our understanding of the behavioural and neurophysiological mechanisms underpinning bimanual motor learning is still sparse. Here, we aimed to address this by first characterising learning-related changes of different levels of bimanual interaction and second investigating how beta tACS modulates these learning-related changes. To explore early bimanual motor learning, we designed a novel bimanual motor learning task. In the task, a force grip device held in each hand (controlling x- and y-axis separately) was used to move a cursor along a path of streets at different angles (0\u00c2\u00b0, 22.5\u00c2\u00b0, 45\u00c2\u00b0, 67.5\u00c2\u00b0, and 90\u00c2\u00b0). Each street corresponded to specific force ratios between hands, which resulted in different levels of hand interaction, i.e., unimanual (Uni, i.e., 0\u00c2\u00b0, 90\u00c2\u00b0), bimanual with equal force (Bieq, 45\u00c2\u00b0), and bimanual with unequal force (Biuneq 22.5\u00c2\u00b0, 67.5\u00c2\u00b0). In experiment 1, 40 healthy participants performed the task for 45 min with a minimum of 100 trials. We found that the novel task induced improvements in movement time and error, with no trade-off between movement time and error, and with distinct patterns for the three levels of bimanual interaction. In experiment 2, we performed a between-subjects, double-blind study in 54 healthy participants to explore the effect of phase synchrony between both sensorimotor cortices using tACS at the individual\u00e2\u0080\u0099s beta peak frequency. The individual\u00e2\u0080\u0099s beta peak frequency was quantified using electroencephalography. 20 min of 2 mA peak-to-peak amplitude tACS was applied during task performance (40 min). Participants either received in-phase (0\u00c2\u00b0 phase shift), out-of-phase (90\u00c2\u00b0 phase shift), or sham (3 s of stimulation) tACS. We replicated the behavioural results of experiment 1, however, beta tACS did not modulate motor learning. Overall, the novel bimanual motor task allows to characterise bimanual motor learning with different levels of bimanual interaction. This should pave the way for future neuroimaging studies to further investigate the underlying mechanism of bimanual motor learning. Copyright \u00c2\u00a9 2021 Schoenfeld, Grigoras, Stagg and Zich.", "authors": [ "Schoenfeld, Marleen J", "Grigoras, Ioana-Florentina", "Stagg, Charlotte J", "Zich, Catharina" ], "categories": null, "citations": 2, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.3389/fnhum.2021.755748", "keywords": [ "N transcranial alternating current stimulation", "N bihemispheric stimulation", "N beta activity", "N phase synchrony", "N unimanual motor learning", "#text", "N bimanual motor learning", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "755748", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 4.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1662-5161", "publisher": "Frontiers Media S.A.", "sjr": 0.787, "snip": 1.033, "subject_areas": [ "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Neurology", "Biological Psychiatry", "Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology", "Behavioral Neuroscience" ], "title": "Frontiers in human neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2021-11-16", "selected": false, "title": "Investigating Different Levels of Bimanual Interaction With a Novel Motor Learning Task: A Behavioural and Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation Study.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85120672535&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "How musical emotions and the pleasure derived from music, regardless of the musical valence, can be shared between individuals is a fascinating question, and investigating it can shed light on the function of musical reward. We carried out our investigations in a natural setting during an international competition for orchestra conductors. Participants (n\u00a0=\u00a015) used a dedicated smartphone app to report their subjective emotional experiences in real time while we recorded their cerebral activity using electroencephalography and their electrodermal activity. The overall behavioral real-time behavioral ratings suggest a possible social influence on the reported and felt pleasure. The physically closer the participants, the more similar their reported pleasure. By calculating the interindividual cerebral coherence (n\u00a0=\u00a021 pairs), we showed that when people simultaneously reported either high or low pleasure, their cerebral activities were closer than for simultaneous neutral pleasure reports. Participants' skin conductance levels were also more coupled when reporting higher emotional degrees simultaneously. More importantly, the participants who were physically closer had higher cerebral coherence, but only when they simultaneously reported a high level of pleasure. We propose that emotional contagion and/or emotional resonance mechanisms could explain why a form of \"emotional connecting force\" arises between people during shared appraisal situations.", "authors": [ "Chabin, Thibault", "Gabriel, Damien", "Comte, Alexandre", "Haffen, Emmanuel", "Moulin, Thierry", "Pazart, Lionel" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1111/nyas.14711", "keywords": [ "D016430 Clinical Trial", "D016428 Journal Article", "N musical reward", "N live performance", "N emotional connection", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "D064888 Observational Study", "N EEG hyperscanning", "N cerebral coupling", "N emotional sharing" ], "number_of_pages": 18, "pages": "178-195", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 11.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1749-6632", "publisher": "Wiley-Blackwell", "sjr": 1.626, "snip": 1.878, "subject_areas": [ "History and Philosophy of Science", "Neuroscience (all)", "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all)" ], "title": "Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences" }, "publication_date": "2021-11-09", "selected": false, "title": "Interbrain emotional connection during music performances is driven by physical proximity and individual traits.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Deep brain stimulation of the anterior nuclei of thalamus (ANT-DBS) is effective for reduction of seizures, but little evidence is available to guide practitioners in the practical use of this therapy. In an attempt to fill this gap, a questionnaire with 37 questions was circulated to 578\u00a0clinicians who were either engaged in clinical trials of or known users of DBS for epilepsy, with responses from 141, of whom 58.2% were epileptologists and 28.4% neurosurgeons. Multiple regions of the world were represented. The survey found that the best candidates for DBS were considered those with temporal or frontal seizures, refractory to at least two medicines. Motivations for renewing therapy upon battery depletion were reduced convulsive, impaired awareness, and severe seizures and improved quality of life. Targeting of leads mainly was by magnetic resonance imaging, sometimes with intraoperative imaging or microelectrode recording. The majority used transventricular approaches. Stimulation parameters mostly imitated the SANTE study parameters, except for initial stimulation amplitudes in the 2-3-V or -mA range, versus 5\u00a0V in the SANTE study. Stimulation intensity was most often increased or reduced, respectively, for lack of efficacy or side effects, but changes in active contacts, cycle time, and pulse duration were also employed. Mood or memory problems or paresthesias were the side effects most responsible for adjustments. Off-label sites stimulated included centromedian thalamus, hippocampus, neocortex, and a few others. Several physicians used DBS in conjunction with vagus nerve stimulation or responsive neurostimulation, although our study did not track efficacy for combined use. Experienced users varied more from published parameters than did inexperienced users. In conclusion, surveys of experts can provide Class IV evidence for the most prevalent practical use of ANT-DBS. We present a flowchart for one protocol combining common practices. Controlled comparisons will be needed to choose the best approach.", "authors": [ "Fasano, Alfonso", "Eliashiv, Dawn", "Herman, Susan T", "Lundstrom, Brian N", "Polnerow, Dara", "Henderson, Jaimie M", "Fisher, Robert S" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1111/epi.17094", "keywords": [ "N epilepsy", "D016428 Journal Article", "N neurostimulation", "N consensus", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N seizure", "N neuromodulation", "N anterior thalamus" ], "number_of_pages": 16, "pages": "2883-2898", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 10.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1528-1167", "publisher": "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd", "sjr": 1.966, "snip": 1.893, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Epilepsia" }, "publication_date": "2021-10-26", "selected": false, "title": "Experience and consensus on stimulation of the anterior nucleus of thalamus for epilepsy.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Tremor, a common and often primary symptom of Parkinson's disease, has been modeled with distinct onset and maintenance dynamics. To identify the neurophysiologic correlates of each state, we acquired intraoperative cortical and subthalamic nucleus recordings from 10 patients (9 male, 1 female) performing a naturalistic visual-motor task. From this task, we isolated short epochs of tremor onset and sustained tremor. Comparing these epochs, we found that the subthalamic nucleus was central to tremor onset, as it drove both motor cortical activity and tremor output. Once tremor became sustained, control of tremor shifted to cortex. At the same time, changes in directed functional connectivity across sensorimotor cortex further distinguished the sustained tremor state. Tremor is a common symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD). While tremor pathophysiology is thought to involve both basal ganglia and cerebello-thalamic-cortical circuits, it is unknown how these structures functionally interact to produce tremor. In this article, we analyzed intracranial recordings from the subthalamic nucleus and sensorimotor cortex in patients with PD undergoing deep brain stimulation surgery. Using an intraoperative task, we examined tremor in two separate dynamic contexts: when tremor first emerged, and when tremor was sustained. We believe that these findings reconcile several models of Parkinson's tremor, while describing the short-timescale dynamics of subcortical-cortical interactions during tremor for the first time. These findings may describe a framework for developing proactive and responsive neurostimulation models for specifically treating tremor.", "authors": [ "Lauro, Peter M", "Lee, Shane", "Akbar, Umer", "Asaad, Wael F" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0854-21.2021", "keywords": [ "N subthalamic nucleus", "N Parkinson's disease", "D016428 Journal Article", "D052061 Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N deep brain stimulation", "N directed functional connectivity", "N electrocorticography", "N tremor" ], "number_of_pages": 15, "pages": "9844-9858", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 9.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1529-2401", "publisher": "Society for Neuroscience", "sjr": 2.35, "snip": 1.471, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2021-10-26", "selected": false, "title": "Subthalamic-Cortical Network Reorganization during Parkinson's Tremor.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Transcranial temporal interference stimulation (tTIS) is a novel non-invasive brain stimulation technique for electrical stimulation of neurons at depth. Deep brain regions are generally small in size, making precise targeting a necessity. The variability of electric fields across individual subjects resulting from the same tTIS montages is unknown so far and may be of major concern for precise tTIS targeting. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to investigate the variability of the electric fields due to tTIS across 25 subjects. To this end, the electric fields of different electrode montages consisting of two electrode pairs with different center frequencies were simulated in order to target selected regions-of-interest (ROIs) with tTIS. Moreover, we set out to compare the electric fields of tTIS with the electric fields of conventional tACS. The latter were also based on two electrode pairs, which, however, were driven in phase at a common frequency. Our results showed that the electric field strengths inside the ROIs (left hippocampus, left motor area and thalamus) during tTIS are variable on single subject level. In addition, tTIS stimulates more focally as compared to tACS with much weaker co-stimulation of cortical areas close to the stimulation electrodes. Electric fields inside the ROI were, however, comparable for both methods. Overall, our results emphasize the potential benefits of tTIS for the stimulation of deep targets, over conventional tACS. However, they also indicate a need for individualized stimulation montages to leverage the method to its fullest potential.", "authors": [ "von Conta, Jill", "Kasten, Florian H", "\u0106ur\u010di\u0107-Blake, Branislava", "Aleman, Andr\u00e9", "Thielscher, Axel", "Herrmann, Christoph S" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-99749-0", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "20357", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2045-2322", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "sjr": 0.973, "snip": 1.312, "subject_areas": [ "Human-Computer Interaction", "Neurons and Cognition", "Combinatorics", "Multidisciplinary" ], "title": "Scientific reports" }, "publication_date": "2021-10-13", "selected": false, "title": "Interindividual variability of electric fields during transcranial temporal interference stimulation (tTIS).", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE Bradykinesia has been associated with beta and gamma band interactions in the basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical circuit in Parkinson's disease. In this present cross-sectional study, we aimed to search for neural networks with electroencephalography whose frequency-specific actions may predict bradykinesia.\nMETHODS Twenty Parkinsonian patients treated with bilateral subthalamic stimulation were first prescreened while we selected four levels of contralateral stimulation (0: OFF, 1-3: decreasing symptoms to ON state) individually, based on kinematics. In the screening period, we performed 64-channel electroencephalography measurements simultaneously with electromyography and motion detection during a resting state, finger tapping, hand grasping tasks, and pronation-supination of the arm, with the four levels of contralateral stimulation. We analyzed spectral power at the low (13-20\u00a0Hz) and high (21-30\u00a0Hz) beta frequency bands and low (31-60\u00a0Hz) and high (61-100\u00a0Hz) gamma frequency bands using the dynamic imaging of coherent sources. Structural equation modelling estimated causal relationships between the slope of changes in network beta and gamma activities and the slope of changes in bradykinesia measures.\nRESULTS Activity in different subnetworks, including predominantly the primary motor and premotor cortex, the subthalamic nucleus predicted the slopes in amplitude and speed while switching between stimulation levels. These subnetwork dynamics on their preferred frequencies predicted distinct types and parameters of the movement only on the contralateral side.\nDISCUSSION Concurrent subnetworks affected in bradykinesia and their activity changes in the different frequency bands are specific to the type and parameters of the movement; and the primary motor and premotor cortex are common nodes.", "authors": [ "Muthuraman, Muthuraman", "Palotai, Marcell", "J\u00e1vor-Duray, Borb\u00e1la", "Kelemen, Andrea", "Koirala, Nabin", "Hal\u00e1sz, L\u00e1szl\u00f3", "Er\u0151ss, Lor\u00e1nd", "Fekete, G\u00e1bor", "Bogn\u00e1r, L\u00e1szl\u00f3", "Deuschl, G\u00fcnther", "Tam\u00e1s, Gertr\u00fad" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102857", "keywords": [ "N Gamma oscillation", "N Bradykinesia", "N Deep brain stimulation", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Parkinson disease", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Beta oscillation" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "102857", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 8.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2213-1582", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "sjr": 1.395, "snip": 1.324, "subject_areas": [ "Cognitive Neuroscience", "Neurology (clinical)", "Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging", "Neurology" ], "title": "NeuroImage. Clinical" }, "publication_date": "2021-10-13", "selected": false, "title": "Frequency-specific network activity predicts bradykinesia severity in Parkinson's disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE To investigate the progression of neural and motor features of Parkinson's disease in a longitudinal study, after washout of medication and bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN DBS).\nMETHODS Participants with clinically established Parkinson's disease underwent bilateral implantation of DBS leads (18 participants, 13 male) within the STN using standard functional frameless stereotactic technique and multi-pass microelectrode recording. Both DBS leads were connected to an implanted investigative sensing neurostimulator (Activa\u2122 PC\u2009+\u2009S, Medtronic, PLC). Resting state STN local field potentials (LFPs) were recorded and motor disability, (the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale - motor subscale, MDS-UPDRS III) was assessed off therapy at initial programming, and after 6\u2009months, 1\u2009year, and yearly out to 5\u2009years of treatment. The primary endpoint was measured at 3\u2009years. At each visit, medication had been held for over 12/24\u2009h and DBS was turned off for at least 60\u2009min, by which time LFP spectra reached a steady state.\nRESULTS After 3\u2009years of chronic DBS, there were no increases in STN beta band dynamics (p\u2009=\u20090.98) but there were increases in alpha band dynamics (p\u2009=\u20090.0027, 25 STNs). Similar results were observed in a smaller cohort out to 5\u2009years. There was no increase in the MDS-UPDRS III score.\nINTERPRETATION These findings provide evidence that the beta oscillopathy does not substantially progress following combined STN DBS plus medication in moderate to advanced Parkinson's disease.", "authors": [ "Anderson, Ross W", "Wilkins, Kevin B", "Parker, Jordan E", "Petrucci, Matthew N", "Kehnemouyi, Yasmine", "Neuville, Raumin S", "Cassini, Declan", "Trager, Megan H", "Koop, Mandy M", "Velisar, Anca", "Blumenfeld, Zack", "Quinn, Emma J", "Henderson, Jaimie", "Bronte-Stewart, Helen M" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1002/acn3.51463", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 11, "pages": "2110-2120", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 8.8, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2328-9503", "publisher": "John Wiley & Sons Inc.", "sjr": 1.885, "snip": 1.383, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Annals of clinical and translational neurology" }, "publication_date": "2021-10-11", "selected": false, "title": "Lack of progression of beta dynamics after long-term subthalamic neurostimulation.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Tinnitus is defined as the ringing, hissing, clicking or roaring sounds an individual consciously perceives in the absence of an external auditory stimulus. Currently, the literature on the mechanism of tinnitus pathology is multifaceted, ranging from tinnitus generation at the cellular level to its perception at the system level. Cellular level mechanisms include increased neuronal synchrony, neurotransmission changes and maladaptive plasticity. At the system level, the role of auditory structures, non-auditory structures, changes in the functional connectivities in higher regions and tinnitus networks have been investigated. The exploration of all these mechanisms creates a holistic view on understanding the changes the pathophysiology of tinnitus undertakes. Although tinnitus percept may start at the level of cochlear nerve deafferentation, the neuronal changes in the central auditory system to the neuronal and connectivity changes in non-auditory regions, such as the limbic system, become cardinal in chronic tinnitus generation. At the present moment, some tinnitus generation mechanisms are well established (e.g., increased neuronal synchrony) whereas other mechanisms have gained more traction recently (e.g., tinnitus networks, tinnitus-distress networks) and therefore, require additional investigation to solidify their role in tinnitus pathology. The treatments and therapeutics designed for tinnitus are numerous, with varied levels of success. They are generally two-fold: some treatments focus on tinnitus cessation (including cochlear implants, deep brain stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation) whereas the other set focuses on tinnitus reduction or masking (including hearing aids, sound therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, tinnitus retraining therapy, and tailor made notched musical training).\u00a0 Tinnitus management has focused on implementing tinnitus masking/reducing therapies more than tinnitus cessation, since cessation treatments are still lacking in streamlined treatment protocols and long-term sustainability and efficacy of the treatment. This review will focus on concisely exploring the current and most relevant tinnitus pathophysiology mechanisms, treatments and therapeutics.", "authors": [ "Saeed, Sana", "Khan, Qudsia Umaira" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.15190/d.2021.16", "keywords": [ "N thalamocortical dysrhythmia", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Tinnitus", "D016454 Review", "N global tinnitus network", "N central gain control theory", "N tinnitus pathology", "N tinnitus treatments." ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "e137", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": null, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2359-7232", "publisher": null, "sjr": null, "snip": null, "subject_areas": [], "title": "Discoveries (Craiova, Romania)" }, "publication_date": "2021-09-30", "selected": false, "title": "The Pathological Mechanisms and Treatments of Tinnitus.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "In patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS) a motor cortical disinhibition has been reported in transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies, but the neuronal excitability in other cortical areas has been poorly explored. The aim of this study was the functional evaluation of thalamo-cortical circuits and inhibitory cortical responses in the sensory cortex in RLS. We assessed the high-frequency somatosensory evoked potentials (HF-SEP) in sixteen subjects suffering from RLS of different degrees of severity. In patients with severe or very severe RLS we found a significant desynchronization with amplitude reduction of both pre- and post-synaptic HF-SEP bursts, which suggest an impairment in the thalamo-cortical projections and in the cortical inhibitory interneurons activity, respectively. The assessment of the central sensory pathways by means of HF-SEP may shed light on the pathophysiological mechanisms of RLS.", "authors": [ "Nardone, Raffaele", "Sebastianelli, Luca", "Versace, Viviana", "Orioli, Andrea", "Saltuari, Leopold", "Trinka, Eugen", "H\u00f6ller, Yvonne" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147673", "keywords": [ "N Thalamo-cortical projections", "N Somatosensory evoked potentials", "N High-frequency oscillations", "N Restless legs syndrome", "#text", "N Sensory cortex", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "147673", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1872-6240", "publisher": "Elsevier", "sjr": 0.854, "snip": 0.766, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)", "Neurology (clinical)", "Molecular Biology", "Developmental Biology" ], "title": "Brain research" }, "publication_date": "2021-09-29", "selected": false, "title": "Involvement of central sensory pathways in subjects with restless legs syndrome: A neurophysiological study.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Context. Objective. Approach. \u00b5 Main results. in vitro Significance. Long-term deep brain stimulation (DBS) studies in rodents are of crucial importance for research progress in this field. However, most stimulation devices require jackets or large head-mounted systems which severely affect mobility and general welfare influencing animals' behavior.To develop a preclinical neurostimulation implant system for long-term DBS research in small animal models.We propose a low-cost dual-channel DBS implant called software defined implantable platform (STELLA) with a printed circuit board size of \u00d813 \u00d7 3.3 mm, weight of 0.6 g and current consumption of 7.6A/3.1 V combined with an epoxy resin-based encapsulation method.STELLA delivers charge-balanced and configurable current pulses with widely used commercial electrodes. Whilestudies demonstrate at least 12 weeks of error-free stimulation using a CR1225 battery, our calculations predict a battery lifetime of up to 3 years using a CR2032. Exemplary application for DBS of the subthalamic nucleus in adult rats demonstrates that fully-implanted STELLA neurostimulators are very well-tolerated over 42 days without relevant stress after the early postoperative phase resulting in normal animal behavior. Encapsulation, external control and monitoring of function proved to be feasible. Stimulation with standard parameters elicited c-Fos expression by subthalamic neurons demonstrating biologically active function of STELLA.We developed a fully implantable, scalable and reliable DBS device that meets the urgent need for reverse translational research on DBS in freely moving rodent disease models including sensitive behavioral experiments. We thus add an important technology for animal research according to 'The Principle of Humane Experimental Technique'-replacement, reduction and refinement (3R). All hardware, software and additional materials are available under an open source license.", "authors": [ "Plocksties, Franz", "Kober, Maria", "Niemann, Christoph", "Heller, Jakob", "Fauser, Mareike", "N\u00fcssel, Martin", "Uster, Felix", "Franz, Denise", "Zwar, Monique", "L\u00fcttig, Anika", "Kr\u00f6ger, Justin", "Harloff, J\u00f6rg", "Schulz, Axel", "Richter, Angelika", "K\u00f6hling, R\u00fcdiger", "Timmermann, Dirk", "Storch, Alexander" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1088/1741-2552/ac23e1", "keywords": [ "N DBS stimulator", "@UI", "N low power", "N long-term", "N open source data", "N deep brain stimulation", "N lightweight", "N fully implantable", "#text" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": null, "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": null, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1741-2552", "publisher": null, "sjr": null, "snip": null, "subject_areas": [], "title": "Journal of neural engineering" }, "publication_date": "2021-09-21", "selected": false, "title": "The software defined implantable modular platform (STELLA) for preclinical deep brain stimulation research in rodents.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Parieto-occipital alpha rhythms (8\u00e2\u0080\u009312\u00c2 Hz) underlie cortical excitability and influence visual performance. Whether the synchrony of intrinsic alpha rhythms in the occipital cortex can be entrained by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an open question. We applied 4-pulse, 10-Hz rhythmic TMS to entrain intrinsic alpha oscillators targeting right V1/V2, and tested four predictions with concurrent electroencephalogram (EEG): (1) progressive enhancement of entrainment across time windows, (2) output frequency specificity, (3) dependence on the intrinsic oscillation phase, and (4) input frequency specificity to individual alpha frequency (IAF) in the neural signatures. Two control conditions with an equal number of pulses and duration were arrhythmic-active and rhythmic-sham stimulation. The results confirmed the first three predictions. Rhythmic TMS bursts significantly entrained local neural activity. Near the stimulation site, evoked oscillation amplitude and inter-trial phase coherence (ITPC) were increased for 2 and 3 cycles, respectively, after the last TMS pulse. Critically, ITPC following entrainment positively correlated with IAF rather than with the degree of similarity between IAF and the input frequency (10\u00c2 Hz). Thus, we entrained alpha-band activity in occipital cortex for ~ 3 cycles (~ 300\u00c2 ms), and IAF predicts the strength of entrained occipital alpha phase synchrony indexed by ITPC. \u00c2\u00a9 2021, The Author(s).", "authors": [ "Lin, Yong-Jun", "Shukla, Lavanya", "Dugu\u00e9, Laura", "Valero-Cabr\u00e9, Antoni", "Carrasco, Marisa" ], "categories": null, "citations": 9, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-96849-9", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "18562", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2045-2322", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "sjr": 0.973, "snip": 1.312, "subject_areas": [ "Human-Computer Interaction", "Neurons and Cognition", "Combinatorics", "Multidisciplinary" ], "title": "Scientific reports" }, "publication_date": "2021-09-17", "selected": false, "title": "Transcranial magnetic stimulation entrains alpha oscillatory activity in occipital cortex.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85115408146&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Team flow occurs when a group functions in a high task engagement to achieve a goal, commonly seen in performance and sports. Team flow can enable enhanced positive experiences, as compared with individual flow or regular socializing. However, the neural basis for this enhanced behavioral state remains unclear. Here, we identified neural correlates (NCs) of team flow in human participants using a music rhythm task with electroencephalogram hyperscanning. Experimental manipulations held the motor task constant while disrupting the corresponding hedonic music to interfere with the flow state or occluding the partner\u00e2\u0080\u0099s positive feedback to impede team interaction. We validated these manipulations by using psychometric ratings and an objective measure for the depth of flow experience, which uses the auditory-evoked potential (AEP) of a task-irrelevant stimulus. Spectral power analysis at both the scalp sensors and anatomic source levels revealed higher b-g power specific to team flow in the left middle temporal cortex (L-MTC). Causal interaction analysis revealed that the L-MTC is downstream in information processing and receives information from areas encoding the flow or social states. The L-MTC significantly contributes to integrating information. Moreover, we found that team flow enhances global interbrain integrated information (II) and neural synchrony. We conclude that the NCs of team flow induce a distinct brain state. Our results suggest a neurocognitive mechanism to create this unique experience. \u00c2\u00a9 2021 Shehata et al.", "authors": [ "Shehata, M.", "Cheng, M.", "Leung, A.", "Tsuchiya, N.", "Wu, D.-A.", "Tseng, C.-H.", "Nakauchi, S.", "Shimojo, S." ], "categories": null, "citations": 6, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus" ], "doi": "10.1523/ENEURO.0133-21.2021", "keywords": [ "Hyperscanning", "Flow", "EEG", "Neural synchrony", "Teams", "In the zone" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": null, "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": null, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": null, "publisher": null, "sjr": null, "snip": null, "subject_areas": [], "title": "eNeuro" }, "publication_date": "2021-09-01", "selected": false, "title": "Team flow is a unique brain state associated with enhanced information integration and interbrain synchrony", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85116984032&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Introduction: Synchronized oscillatory brain activity is considered a basis for flexible neuronal network communication. However, the causal role of inter-regional oscillatory phase relations in modulating signaling efficacy in cortical networks has not been directly demonstrated in humans so far. Aim: The current study addresses the causal role of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS)-induced oscillatory cross-network phase relations in modulating signaling efficacy across human cortical networks. Methods: To this end, concurrent tACS, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and electroencephalography (EEG) were employed to measure the modulation of excitability and signaling efficacy across cortical networks during externally induced neural oscillations. Theta oscillatory activity was introduced through tACS in two nodes of the human frontoparietal network: the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the posterior parietal cortex (PPC). Six Hertz tACS was applied to the DLPFC and PPC simultaneously in an in-phase or antiphase manner. In addition, single-pulse TMS was administered over the DLPFC at four different phases of tACS and the propagation of TMS-evoked neuronal activity was measured with EEG. Results: We show that tACS-induced theta oscillations modulate TMS-evoked potentials (TEPs) in a phase-dependent manner, and that the induced oscillatory phase relation across the frontoparietal network affects the propagation of phase-dependent TEPs within as well as beyond the frontoparietal network. Conclusion: We show that the effect of tACS-induced phase relation across the frontoparietal network on signal transmission extends beyond the frontoparietal network. The results support a causal role of inter-nodal oscillatory phase synchrony in routing cortico-cortical information flow. Theoretical models have proposed that phase relations of cross-network neural oscillations control communication efficacy across human cortical networks. The current study introduced concurrent transcranial alternating current stimulation-transcranial magnetic stimulation-electroencephalography (tACS-TMS-EEG) to experimentally study the theoretical framework. Dual-site in-phase or antiphase 6 Hz tACS was applied to the frontoparietal network. Synchronized tACS was shown to affect signaling within as well as beyond the targeted network. The study demonstrates how inter-regional oscillatory coherence supports the control of brain network signaling. \u00c2\u00a9 Copyright 2022, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers 2022.", "authors": [ "Feh\u00e9r, Kristoffer D", "Nakataki, Masahito", "Morishima, Yosuke" ], "categories": null, "citations": 0, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1089/brain.2021.0006", "keywords": [ "N functional connectivity", "D016428 Journal Article", "N phase synchrony", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N frontoparietal network", "N effective connectivity", "N theta oscillations" ], "number_of_pages": 11, "pages": "443-453", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 4.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2158-0022", "publisher": "Mary Ann Liebert Inc.", "sjr": 0.893, "snip": 0.898, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Brain connectivity" }, "publication_date": "2021-08-23", "selected": false, "title": "Phase-Synchronized Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation-Induced Neural Oscillations Modulate Cortico-Cortical Signaling Efficacy.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85131770755&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Developing effective tools and strategies to promote motor learning is a high-priority scientific and clinical goal. In particular, motor-related areas have been investigated as potential targets to facilitate motor learning by noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS). In addition to shedding light on the relationship between motor function and oscillatory brain activity, transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), which can noninvasively entrain oscillatory brain activity and modulate oscillatory brain communication, has attracted attention as a possible technique to promote motor learning. This review focuses on the use of tACS to enhance motor learning through the manipulation of oscillatory brain activity and its potential clinical applications. We discuss a potential tACS-based approach to ameliorate motor deficits by correcting abnormal oscillatory brain activity and promoting appropriate oscillatory communication in patients after stroke or with Parkinson's disease. Interpersonal tACS approaches to manipulate intra- and inter-brain communication may result in pro-social effects and could promote the teaching-learning process during rehabilitation sessions with a therapist. The approach of re-establishing oscillatory brain communication through tACS could be effective for motor recovery and might eventually drive the design of new neurorehabilitation approaches based on motor learning.", "authors": [ "Takeuchi, Naoyuki", "Izumi, Shin-Ichi" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.3390/brainsci11081095", "keywords": [ "N Parkinson\u2019s disease", "N transcranial alternating current stimulation", "D016428 Journal Article", "D016454 Review", "N stroke", "N oscillatory brain activity", "N brain communication" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": null, "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2076-3425", "publisher": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)", "sjr": 0.752, "snip": 0.938, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Brain sciences" }, "publication_date": "2021-08-20", "selected": false, "title": "Motor Learning Based on Oscillatory Brain Activity Using Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation: A Review.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can improve cognitive function. However, it is not clear how high-definition tDCS (HD-tDCS) regulates the cognitive function and its neural mechanism, especially in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This study aimed to examine whether HD-tDCS can modulate cognitive function in individuals with MCI and to determine whether the potential variety is related to spontaneous brain activity changes recorded by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Forty-three individuals with MCI were randomly assigned to receive either 10 HD-tDCS sessions or 10 sham sessions to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L-DLPFC). The fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and the regional homogeneity (ReHo) was computed using rs-fMRI data from all participants. The results showed that the fALFF and ReHo values changed in multiple areas following HD-tDCS. Brain regions with significant decreases in fALFF values include the Insula R, Precuneus R, Thalamus L, and Parietal Sup R, while the Temporal Inf R, Fusiform L, Occipital Sup L, Calcarine R, and Angular R showed significantly increased in their fALFF values. The brain regions with significant increases in ReHo values include the Temporal Inf R, Putamen L, Frontal Mid L, Precentral R, Frontal Sup Medial L, Frontal Sup R, and Precentral L. We found that HD-tDCS can alter the intensity and synchrony of brain activity, and our results indicate that fALFF and ReHo analysis are sensitive indicators for the detection of HD-tDCS during spontaneous brain activity. Interestingly, HD-tDCS increases the ReHo values of multiple brain regions, which may be related to the underlying mechanism of its clinical effects, these may also be related to a potential compensation mechanism involving the mobilization of more regions to complete a function following a functional decline. \u00c2\u00a9 2021 He et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.", "authors": [ "He, Fangmei", "Li, Youjun", "Li, Chenxi", "Fan, Liming", "Liu, Tian", "Wang, Jue" ], "categories": null, "citations": 16, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0256100", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "e0256100", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1932-6203", "publisher": "Public Library of Science", "sjr": 0.885, "snip": 1.253, "subject_areas": [ "Multidisciplinary" ], "title": "PloS one" }, "publication_date": "2021-08-13", "selected": false, "title": "Repeated anodal high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in mild cognitive impairment patients increased regional homogeneity in multiple brain regions.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85112748837&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "We assessed the structure-function relationship of the human cholinergic system and hypothesized that structural measures are associated with short-latency sensory afferent inhibition (SAI), an electrophysiological measure of central cholinergic signal transmission. Healthy volunteers (n\u2009=\u200936) and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n\u2009=\u200920) underwent median nerve SAI and 3T structural MRI to determine the volume of the basal forebrain and the thalamus. Patients with MCI had smaller basal forebrain (p\u2009<\u20090.001) or thalamus volumes (p\u2009<\u20090.001) than healthy volunteers. Healthy SAI responders (>\u200910% SAI) had more basal forebrain volume than non-responders (p\u2009=\u20090.004) or patients with MCI (p\u2009<\u20090.001). More basal forebrain volume was associated with stronger SAI in healthy volunteers (r\u2009=\u20090.33, p\u2009<\u20090.05) but not patients with MCI. There was no significant relationship between thalamus volumes and SAI. Basal forebrain volume is associated with cholinergic function (SAI) in healthy volunteers but not in MCI patients. The in-vivo investigation of the structure-function relationship could further our understanding of the human cholinergic system in patients with suspected or known cholinergic system degeneration.", "authors": [ "Peter, Jessica", "Mayer, Isabella", "Kammer, Thomas", "Minkova, Lora", "Lahr, Jacob", "Kl\u00f6ppel, Stefan", "Grothe, Michel J", "Orth, Michael" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-95573-8", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "16080", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2045-2322", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "sjr": 0.973, "snip": 1.312, "subject_areas": [ "Human-Computer Interaction", "Neurons and Cognition", "Combinatorics", "Multidisciplinary" ], "title": "Scientific reports" }, "publication_date": "2021-08-09", "selected": false, "title": "The relationship between cholinergic system brain structure and function in healthy adults and patients with mild cognitive impairment.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Drug-resistant focal epilepsy with regional neocortical seizure onsets originating from the posterior quadrant can be particularly difficult to treat with resective surgery due to the overlap with eloquent cortex. Published reports indicate that corticothalamic treatment targeting the anterior or centromedian nucleus of the thalamus with direct brain-responsive stimulation may be an effective approach to treat regional neocortical epilepsy. The pulvinar has remained largely unstudied as a neurostimulation target to treat refractory epilepsy. Because the pulvinar has connections with the posterior quadrant, neurostimulation may be effective if applied to seizures originating in this area. We performed a retrospective chart review of patients with regional neocortical seizure onsets in the posterior quadrant treated with the RNS System. Demographics, epilepsy history, clinical seizure frequencies, and neuropsychological testing results were obtained from the chart. Electrocorticogram (ECoG) records stored by the RNS System were reviewed to evaluate electrographic seizure onset patterns. Our patients were followed for 10, 12.5, and 15\u00a0months. All patients were responders (\u226550% seizure reduction), and two of the three patients experienced a \u226590% reduction in seizures at the last follow-up. Pre- and postsurgical neuropsychological evaluations were compared for two of the patients, and there was no evidence of cognitive decline found in either patient. Interestingly, mild cognitive improvements were reported. The third patient had only postimplant neuropsychological testing data available. Findings for this patient suggested executive dysfunction that was present prior to the RNS System which did not worsen with surgery. A visual inspection of ECoGs revealed near-simultaneous seizure onsets in neocortical and pulvinar leads in two patients. Seizure onsets in the third patient were more variable. This is the first published report of brain-responsive neurostimulation targeting the pulvinar to treat refractory regional onset epilepsy of posterior quadrant origin.", "authors": [ "Burdette, David", "Mirro, Emily A", "Lawrence, Michael", "Patra, Sanjay E" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1002/epi4.12524", "keywords": [ "N pulvinar", "N responsive neurostimulation", "#text", "N thalamus", "N refractory epilepsy", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": 7, "pages": "611-617", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2470-9239", "publisher": "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd", "sjr": 1.051, "snip": 1.208, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Epilepsia open" }, "publication_date": "2021-08-03", "selected": false, "title": "Brain-responsive corticothalamic stimulation in the pulvinar nucleus for the treatment of regional neocortical epilepsy: A case series.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND Intermittent explosive disorder (IED) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by recurrent outbursts of aggressive behavior. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the posteromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (pHyp) is an alternative therapy for extreme cases and shows promising results. Intraoperative microdialysis can help elucidate the neurobiological mechanism of pHyp-DBS. We sought to evaluate efficacy and safety of pHyp-DBS using 8-contact directional leads in patients with refractory IED (rIED) and the accompanying changes in neurotransmitters.\nMETHODS This was a prospective study in which patients with a diagnosis of rIED were treated with pHyp-DBS for symptom alleviation. Bilateral pHyp-DBS was performed with 8-contact directional electrodes. Follow-up was performed at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery.\nRESULTS Four patients (3 men, mean age 27 \u00b1 2.8 years) were included. All patients were diagnosed with rIED and severe intellectual disability. Two patients had congenital rubella, one had a co-diagnosis of infantile autism, and the fourth presented with drug-resistant epilepsy. There was a marked increase in the levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid and glycine during intraoperative stimulation. The average improvement in aggressive behavior in the last follow-up was 6 points (\u0394: 50%, P\u00a0= 0.003) while also documenting an important improvement of the Short Form Health Survey in all domains except bodily pain. No adverse events associated with pHyp-DBS were observed.\nCONCLUSIONS This is the first study to show the safety and beneficial effect of directional lead pHyp-DBS in patients with rIED and to demonstrate the corresponding mechanism of action through increases in gamma-aminobutyric acid and glycine concentration in the pHyp.", "authors": [ "Contreras Lopez, William Omar", "Navarro, Paula Alejandra", "Gouveia, Flavia Venetucci", "Fonoff, Erich Talamoni", "Lebrun, Ivo", "Auada, Aline V V", "Lopes Alho, Eduardo Joaquim", "Martinez, Raquel C R" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.wneu.2021.07.086", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "@UI", "N Intermittent explosive disorder", "N Aggressive behavior", "N Hypothalamus", "N Neuromodulation", "#text" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "e19-e33", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1878-8769", "publisher": "Elsevier Inc.", "sjr": 0.591, "snip": 1.032, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "World neurosurgery" }, "publication_date": "2021-07-26", "selected": false, "title": "Directional Deep Brain Stimulation of the Posteromedial Hypothalamus for Refractory Intermittent Explosive Disorder: A Case Series Using a Novel Neurostimulation Device and Intraoperative Microdialysis.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Background: Theta-band neuronal oscillations in the prefrontal cortex are associated with several cognitive functions. Oscillatory phase is an important correlate of excitability and phase synchrony mediates information transfer between neuronal populations oscillating at that frequency. The ability to extract and exploit the prefrontal theta rhythm in real time in humans would facilitate insight into neurophysiological mechanisms of cognitive processes involving the prefrontal cortex, and development of brain-state-dependent stimulation for therapeutic applications. Objectives: We investigate individual source-space beamforming-based estimation of the prefrontal theta oscillation as a method to target specific phases of the ongoing theta oscillations in the human dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) with real-time EEG-triggered transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Different spatial filters for extracting the prefrontal theta oscillation from EEG signals are compared and additional signal quality criteria are assessed to take into account the dynamics of this cortical oscillation. Methods: Twenty two healthy participants were recruited for anatomical MRI scans and EEG recordings with 18 composing the final analysis. We calculated individual spatial filters based on EEG beamforming in source space. The extracted EEG signal was then used to simulate real-time phase-detection and quantify the accuracy as compared to post-hoc phase estimates. Different spatial filters and triggering parameters were compared. Finally, we validated the feasibility of this approach by actual real-time triggering of TMS pulses at different phases of the prefrontal theta oscillation. Results: Higher phase-detection accuracy was achieved using individualized source-based spatial filters, as compared to an average or standard Laplacian filter, and also by detecting and avoiding periods of low theta amplitude and periods containing a phase reset. Using optimized parameters, prefrontal theta-phase synchronized TMS of DMPFC was achieved with an accuracy of \u00c2\u00b155\u00c2\u00b0. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the feasibility of triggering TMS pulses during different phases of the ongoing prefrontal theta oscillation in real time. This method is relevant for brain state-dependent stimulation in human studies of cognition. It will also enable new personalized therapeutic repetitive TMS protocols for more effective treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. \u00c2\u00a9 Copyright \u00c2\u00a9 2021 Gordon, D\u00c3\u00b6rre, Belardinelli, Stenroos, Zrenner, Ziemann and Zrenner.", "authors": [ "Gordon, Pedro Caldana", "D\u00f6rre, Sara", "Belardinelli, Paolo", "Stenroos, Matti", "Zrenner, Brigitte", "Ziemann, Ulf", "Zrenner, Christoph" ], "categories": null, "citations": 20, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.3389/fnhum.2021.691821", "keywords": [ "N non-invasive brain stimulation", "N TMS", "#text", "N brain-state dependent stimulation", "N brain oscillations", "N theta rhythm", "N EEG", "N prefrontal cortex", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "691821", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 4.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1662-5161", "publisher": "Frontiers Media S.A.", "sjr": 0.787, "snip": 1.033, "subject_areas": [ "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Neurology", "Biological Psychiatry", "Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology", "Behavioral Neuroscience" ], "title": "Frontiers in human neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2021-06-21", "selected": false, "title": "Prefrontal Theta-Phase Synchronized Brain Stimulation With Real-Time EEG-Triggered TMS.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85109111360&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "NEW & NOTEWORTHY Tidal volume delivered by mechanical ventilation to a sedated patient is distributed in a nonphysiological pattern, causing atelectasis (underinflation) and overdistension (overinflation). Activation of the diaphragm during controlled mechanical ventilation in these sedated patients may provide a method to reduce atelectasis and alveolar inhomogeneity, protecting the lungs from ventilator-induced lung injury while also protecting the diaphragm by preventing ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction. We studied the hypothesis that diaphragm contractions elicited by transvenous phrenic nerve stimulation, delivered in synchrony with volume-control ventilation, would reduce atelectasis and lung inhomogeneity in a healthy, normal lung pig model. Twenty-five large pigs were ventilated for 50\u2009h with lung-protective volume-control ventilation combined with synchronous transvenous phrenic-nerve neurostimulation on every breath, or every second breath. This was compared to lung-protective ventilation alone. Lung mechanics and ventilation pressures were measured using esophageal pressure manometry and electrical impedance tomography. Alveolar homogeneity was measured using alveolar chord length of preserved lung tissue. Lung injury was measured using inflammatory cytokine concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum. We found that diaphragm neurostimulation on every breath preserved [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] and significantly reduced the loss of end-expiratory lung volume after 50\u2009h of mechanical ventilation. Neurostimulation on every breath reduced plateau and driving pressures, improved both static and dynamic compliance and resulted in less alveolar inhomogeneity. These findings support that temporary transvenous diaphragm neurostimulation during volume-controlled, lung-protective ventilation may offer a potential method to provide both lung- and diaphragm-protective ventilation. Temporary transvenous diaphragm neurostimulation has been shown to mitigate diaphragm atrophy in a preclinical model. This study contributes to this work by demonstrating that diaphragm neurostimulation can also offer lung protection from ventilator injury, providing a potential solution to the dilemma of lung- versus diaphragm-protective ventilation. Our findings show that neurostimulation on every breath preserved [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text], end-expiratory lung volume, alveolar homogeneity, and required lower pressures than lung-protective ventilation over 50\u2009h in healthy pigs.", "authors": [ "Rohrs, Elizabeth C", "Bassi, Thiago G", "Fernandez, Karl C", "Ornowska, Marlena", "Nicholas, Michelle", "Wittmann, Jessica C", "Reynolds, Steven C" ], "categories": null, "citations": 13, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1152/japplphysiol.00119.2021", "keywords": [ "N ventilator-induced lung injury", "N phrenic nerve stimulation", "D016428 Journal Article", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N mechanical ventilation", "N phrenic nerve pacing", "N lung injury" ], "number_of_pages": 12, "pages": "290-301", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1522-1601", "publisher": "American Physiological Society", "sjr": 0.964, "snip": 1.164, "subject_areas": [ "Physiology (medical)", "Physiology" ], "title": "Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)" }, "publication_date": "2021-06-10", "selected": false, "title": "Diaphragm neurostimulation during mechanical ventilation reduces atelectasis and transpulmonary plateau pressure, preserving lung homogeneity and [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text].", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85111036560&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Pain is a frequent and poorly treated symptom of Parkinson's disease, mainly due to scarce knowledge of its basic mechanisms. In Parkinson's disease, deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus is a successful treatment of motor symptoms, but also might be effective in treating pain. However, it has been unclear which type of pain may benefit and how neurostimulation of the subthalamic nucleus might interfere with pain processing in Parkinson's disease. We hypothesized that the subthalamic nucleus may be an effective access point for modulation of neural systems subserving pain perception and processing in Parkinson's disease. To explore this, we discuss data from human neurophysiological and psychophysical investigations. We review studies demonstrating the clinical efficacy of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus for pain relief in Parkinson's disease. Finally, we present some of the key insights from investigations in animal models, healthy humans and Parkinson's disease patients into the aberrant neurobiology of pain processing and consider their implications for the pain-relieving effects of subthalamic nucleus neuromodulation. The evidence from clinical and experimental studies supports the hypothesis that altered central processing is critical for pain generation in Parkinson's disease and that the subthalamic nucleus is a key structure in pain perception and modulation. Future preclinical and clinical research should consider the subthalamic nucleus as an entry point to modulate different types of pain, not only in Parkinson's disease but also in other neurological conditions associated with abnormal pain processing.", "authors": [ "Mostofi, Abteen", "Morgante, Francesca", "Edwards, Mark J", "Brown, Peter", "Pereira, Erlick A C" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1093/brain/awab001", "keywords": [ "N subthalamic nucleus", "N Parkinson\u2019s disease", "D016428 Journal Article", "N nociception", "D016454 Review", "N pain", "N deep brain stimulation" ], "number_of_pages": 9, "pages": "1342-1350", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 20.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1460-2156", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "sjr": 4.437, "snip": 3.147, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)" ], "title": "Brain : a journal of neurology" }, "publication_date": "2021-06-01", "selected": false, "title": "Pain in Parkinson's disease and the role of the subthalamic nucleus.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Computational modeling and human studies suggest that transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) modulates alpha oscillations by entrainment. Yet, a direct examination of how tACS interacts with neuronal spiking activity that gives rise to the alpha oscillation in the thalamo-cortical system has been lacking. Here, we demonstrate how tACS entrains endogenous alpha oscillations in head-fixed awake ferrets. We first show that endogenous alpha oscillations in the posterior parietal cortex drive the primary visual cortex and the higher-order visual thalamus. Spike-field coherence is largest for the alpha frequency band, and presumed fast-spiking inhibitory interneurons exhibit strongest coupling to this oscillation. We then apply alpha-tACS that results in a field strength comparable to what is commonly used in humans (<0.5\u2009mV/mm). Both in these ferret experiments and in a computational model of the thalamo-cortical system, tACS entrains alpha oscillations by following the theoretically predicted Arnold tongue. Intriguingly, the fast-spiking inhibitory interneurons exhibit a stronger entrainment response to tACS in both the ferret experiments and the computational model, likely due to their stronger endogenous coupling to the alpha oscillation. Our findings demonstrate the in vivo mechanism of action for the modulation of the alpha oscillation by tACS.", "authors": [ "Huang, Wei A", "Stitt, Iain M", "Negahbani, Ehsan", "Passey, D J", "Ahn, Sangtae", "Davey, Marshall", "Dannhauer, Moritz", "Doan, Thien T", "Hoover, Anna C", "Peterchev, Angel V", "Radtke-Schuller, Susanne", "Fr\u00f6hlich, Flavio" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1038/s41467-021-23021-2", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "3151", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 24.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2041-1723", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "sjr": 5.116, "snip": 3.268, "subject_areas": [ "Physics and Astronomy (all)", "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all)", "Chemistry (all)" ], "title": "Nature communications" }, "publication_date": "2021-05-25", "selected": false, "title": "Transcranial alternating current stimulation entrains alpha oscillations by preferential phase synchronization of fast-spiking cortical neurons to stimulation waveform.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND Epileptic (absence) seizures in the cerebral cortex can be stopped by pharmacological and optogenetic stimulation of the cerebellar nuclei (CN) neurons that innervate the thalamus. However, it is unclear how such stimulation can modify underlying thalamo-cortical oscillations.\nHYPOTHESIS Here we tested whether rhythmic synchronized thalamo-cortical activity during absence seizures can be desynchronized by single-pulse optogenetic stimulation of CN neurons to stop seizure activity.\nMETHODS We performed simultaneous thalamic single-cell and electrocorticographical recordings in awake tottering mice, a genetic model of absence epilepsy, to investigate the rhythmicity and synchronicity. Furthermore, we tested interictally the impact of single-pulse optogenetic CN stimulation on thalamic and cortical recordings.\nRESULTS We show that thalamic firing is highly rhythmic and synchronized with cortical spike-and-wave discharges during absence seizures and that this phase-locked activity can be desynchronized upon single-pulse optogenetic stimulation of CN neurons. Notably, this stimulation of CN neurons was more effective in stopping seizures than direct, focal stimulation of groups of afferents innervating the thalamus. During interictal periods, CN stimulation evoked reliable but heterogeneous responses in thalamic cells in that they could show an increase or decrease in firing rate at various latencies, bi-phasic responses with an initial excitatory and subsequent inhibitory response, or no response at all.\nCONCLUSION Our data indicate that stimulation of CN neurons and their fibers in thalamus evokes differential effects in its downstream pathways and desynchronizes phase-locked thalamic neuronal firing during seizures, revealing a neurobiological mechanism that may explain how cerebellar stimulation can stop seizures.", "authors": [ "Eelkman Rooda, Oscar H J", "Kros, Lieke", "Faneyte, Sade J", "Holland, Peter J", "Gornati, Simona V", "Poelman, Huub J", "Jansen, Nico A", "Tolner, Else A", "van den Maagdenberg, Arn M J M", "De Zeeuw, Chris I", "Hoebeek, Freek E" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.brs.2021.05.002", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "N Generalized absence seizures", "N Cerebellum", "N Thalamus", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Optogenetic neurostimulation" ], "number_of_pages": 12, "pages": "861-872", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 12.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1876-4754", "publisher": "Elsevier Inc.", "sjr": 2.184, "snip": 1.816, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Biophysics", "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Brain stimulation" }, "publication_date": "2021-05-20", "selected": false, "title": "Single-pulse stimulation of cerebellar nuclei stops epileptic thalamic activity.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "This paper aims to review the current state of brain-to-brain interface (B2BI) technology and its potential. B2BIs function via a brain-computer interface (BCI) to read a sender's brain activity and a computer-brain interface (CBI) to write a pattern to a receiving brain, transmitting information. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) to systematically review current literature related to B2BI, resulting in 15 relevant publications. Experimental papers primarily used transcranial magnetic stimulation (tMS) for the CBI portion of their B2BI. Most targeted the visual cortex to produce phosphenes. In terms of study design, 73.3% (11) are unidirectional and 86.7% (13) use only a 1:1 collaboration model (subject to subject). Limitations are apparent, as the CBI method varied greatly between studies indicating no agreed upon neurostimulatory method for transmitting information. Furthermore, only 12.4% (2) studies are more complicated than a 1:1 model and few researchers studied direct bidirectional B2BI. These studies show B2BI can offer advances in human communication and collaboration, but more design and experiments are needed to prove potential. B2BIs may allow rehabilitation therapists to pass information mentally, activating a patient's brain to aid in stroke recovery and adding more complex bidirectionality may allow for increased behavioral synchronization between users. The field is very young, but applications of B2BI technology to neuroergonomics and human factors engineering clearly warrant more research. \u00c2\u00a9 Copyright \u00c2\u00a9 2021 Nam, Traylor, Chen, Jiang, Feng and Chhatbar.", "authors": [ "Nam, C.S.", "Traylor, Z.", "Chen, M.", "Jiang, X.", "Feng, W.", "Chhatbar, P.Y." ], "categories": null, "citations": 9, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus" ], "doi": "10.3389/fnbot.2021.656943", "keywords": [ "brain communication", "brain-computer interface", "brain-to-brain interface", "neuroergonomics", "computer-brain interface" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": null, "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": null, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": null, "publisher": null, "sjr": null, "snip": null, "subject_areas": [], "title": "Frontiers in Neurorobotics" }, "publication_date": "2021-05-07", "selected": false, "title": "Direct Communication Between Brains: A Systematic PRISMA Review of Brain-To-Brain Interface", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85106413607&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Deep brain stimulation (DBS), specifically thalamic DBS, has achieved promising results to reduce seizure severity and frequency in pharmacoresistant epilepsies, thereby establishing it for clinical use. The mechanisms of action are, however, still unknown. We evidenced the brain networks directly modulated by centromedian (CM) nucleus-DBS and responsible for clinical outcomes in a cohort of patients uniquely diagnosed with generalized pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Preoperative imaging and long-term (2-11\u00a0years) clinical data from ten generalized pharmacoresistant epilepsy patients (mean age at surgery\u00a0=\u00a030.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.9\u00a0years, 4 female) were evaluated. Volume of tissue activated (VTA) was included as seeds to reconstruct the targeted network to thalamic DBS from diffusion and functional imaging data. CM-DBS clinical outcome improvement (>\u00a050%) appeared in 80% of patients and was tightly related to VTAs interconnected with a reticular system network encompassing sensorimotor and supplementary motor cortices, together with cerebellum/brainstem. Despite methodological differences, both structural and functional connectomes revealed the same targeted network. Our results demonstrate that CM-DBS outcome in generalized pharmacoresistant epilepsy is highly dependent on the individual connectivity profile, involving the cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuits. The proposed framework could be implemented in future studies to refine stereotactic implantation or the parameters for individualized neuromodulation.", "authors": [ "Torres Diaz, Cristina V", "Gonz\u00e1lez-Escamilla, Gabriel", "Ciolac, Dumitru", "Navas Garc\u00eda, Marta", "Pulido Rivas, Paloma", "Sola, Rafael G", "Barbosa, Antonio", "Pastor, Jes\u00fas", "Vega-Zelaya, Lorena", "Groppa, Sergiu" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1007/s13311-021-01057-y", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "N Brain networks", "D016428 Journal Article", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Generalized epilepsy", "N Centromedian nucleus", "N Neuromodulation" ], "number_of_pages": 13, "pages": "1665-1677", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": null, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1878-7479", "publisher": null, "sjr": null, "snip": null, "subject_areas": [], "title": "Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics" }, "publication_date": "2021-04-26", "selected": false, "title": "Network Substrates of Centromedian Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in Generalized Pharmacoresistant Epilepsy.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Deep-brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective treatment for patients with Meige syndrome. The globus pallidus interna (GPi) and the subthalamic nucleus (STN) are accepted targets for this treatment. We compared 12-month outcomes for patients who had undergone bilateral stimulation of the GPi or STN. Forty-two Asian patients with primary Meige syndrome who underwent GPi or STN neurostimulation were recruited between September 2017 and September 2019 at the Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People's Hospital. The primary outcome was the change in motor function, including the Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale movement (BFMDRS-M) and disability subscale (BFMDRS-D) at 3\u00a0days before DBS (baseline) surgery and 1, 3, 6, and 12\u00a0months after surgery. Secondary outcomes included health-related quality of life, sleep quality status, depression severity, and anxiety severity at 3\u00a0days before and 12\u00a0months after DBS surgery. Adverse events during the 12\u00a0months were also recorded. Changes in BFMDRS-M and BFMDRS-D scores at 1, 3, 6, and 12\u00a0months with DBS and without medication did not significantly differ based on the stimulation target. There were also no significant differences in the changes in health-related quality of life (36-Item Short-Form General Health Survey) and sleep quality status (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) at 12\u00a0months. However, there were larger improvements in the STN than the GPi group in mean score changes on the 17-item Hamilton depression rating scale (-\u20093.38 vs. -\u20090.33 points; P\u2009=\u20090.014) and 14-item Hamilton anxiety rating scale (-\u20093.43 vs. -\u20090.19 points; P\u2009<\u20090.001). There were no significant between-group differences in the frequency or type of serious adverse events. Patients with Meige syndrome had similar improvements in motor function, quality of life and sleep after either pallidal or subthalamic stimulation. Depression and anxiety factors may reasonably be included during the selection of DBS targets for Meige syndrome.", "authors": [ "Liu, Jiayu", "Ding, Hu", "Xu, Ke", "Liu, Ruen", "Wang, Dongliang", "Ouyang, Jia", "Liu, Zhi", "Miao, Zeyu" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-88384-4", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "8742", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2045-2322", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "sjr": 0.973, "snip": 1.312, "subject_areas": [ "Human-Computer Interaction", "Neurons and Cognition", "Combinatorics", "Multidisciplinary" ], "title": "Scientific reports" }, "publication_date": "2021-04-22", "selected": false, "title": "Pallidal versus subthalamic deep-brain stimulation for meige syndrome: a retrospective study.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE We evaluated the efficacy and safety of deep brain anterior thalamus stimulation after 7 and 10\u00a0years, and report the incidence of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) and overall mortality in adults in the Stimulation of the Anterior Nucleus of the Thalamus for Epilepsy (SANT\u00c9) study.\nMETHODS After the 3-month blinded and 9-month unblinded phases, subjects continued to be assessed during long-term follow-up (LTFU) and later a continued therapy access phase (CAP), to further characterize adverse events and the incidence of SUDEP. Stimulus parameter and medication changes were allowed.\nRESULTS One hundred ten implanted subjects accumulated a total of 938 device-years of experience (69 subjects during the LTFU phase and 61 subjects in the CAP phase). Prior to study closure, 57 active subjects continued therapy at 14 study centers, with follow-up of at least 10 (maximum 14) years. At 7\u00a0years, median seizure frequency percent reduction from baseline was 75% (p\u00a0<\u00a0.001), with no outcome differences related to prior vagus nerve stimulation or resective surgery. The most severe seizure type, focal to bilateral tonic-clonic, was reduced by 71%. Adding new antiseizure medications did not impact the pattern of seizure reduction over time. There were no unanticipated serious adverse events in the study. The definite-plus-probable SUDEP rate, based on SANT\u00c9 study experience (two deaths in 938\u00a0years) and previous pilot studies (0 deaths in 76\u00a0years), indicated a rate of 2.0 deaths for 1000 person-years. Overall mortality was 6.9 deaths per 1000 person-years.\nSIGNIFICANCE The long-term efficacy and safety profiles of the deep brain stimulation (DBS) system for epilepsy are favorable and demonstrate stable outcomes. Improvement in frequency of the most severe seizure type may reduce SUDEP risk. The SUDEP rate with DBS (2.0) is comparable to other neuromodulation treatments (i.e., vagus nerve stimulation, responsive neurostimulation) for drug-resistant focal epilepsy.", "authors": [ "Salanova, Vicenta", "Sperling, Michael R", "Gross, Robert E", "Irwin, Chris P", "Vollhaber, Jim A", "Giftakis, Jonathon E", "Fisher, Robert S", "None, None" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1111/epi.16895", "keywords": [ "N sudden unexpected death in epilepsy", "N brain stimulation", "D016428 Journal Article", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "D016449 Randomized Controlled Trial", "N neuromodulation", "N focal seizures" ], "number_of_pages": 12, "pages": "1306-1317", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 10.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1528-1167", "publisher": "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd", "sjr": 1.966, "snip": 1.893, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Epilepsia" }, "publication_date": "2021-04-08", "selected": false, "title": "The SANT\u00c9 study at 10 years of follow-up: Effectiveness, safety, and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Biomarkers for future adaptive deep brain stimulation still need evaluation in clinical routine. Here, we aimed to assess stimulation-induced modulation of beta-band activity and clinical symptoms in a Parkinson's disease patient during chronic neuronal sensing using a novel implantable pulse generator.\nMETHODS Subthalamic activity was recorded OFF and ON medication during a stepwise increase of stimulation amplitude. Off-line fast fourier transfom -based analysis of beta-band activity was correlated with motor performance rated from blinded videos.\nRESULTS The stepwise increase of stimulation amplitude resulted in decreased beta oscillatory activity and improvement of bradykinesia. Mean low beta-band (13-20\u00a0Hz) activity correlated significantly with bradykinesia (\u03c1\u00a0= 0.662, p\u00a0<\u00a00.01).\nCONCLUSIONS Motor improvement is reflected in reduced subthalamic beta-band activity in Parkinson's disease, supporting beta activity as a reliable biomarker. The novel PERCEPT neurostimulator enables chronic neuronal sensing in clinical routine. Our findings pave the way for a personalized precision-medicine approach to neurostimulation.", "authors": [ "Feldmann, Lucia K", "Neumann, Wolf-Julian", "Krause, Patricia", "Lofredi, Roxanne", "Schneider, Gerd-Helge", "K\u00fchn, Andrea A" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1111/ene.14801", "keywords": [ "N Parkinson's disease", "D016428 Journal Article", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N chronic LFP recordings", "N neuromodulation", "N biomarkers", "N deep brain stimulation" ], "number_of_pages": 6, "pages": "2372-2377", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 8.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1468-1331", "publisher": "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd", "sjr": 1.554, "snip": 1.61, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "European journal of neurology" }, "publication_date": "2021-03-26", "selected": false, "title": "Subthalamic beta band suppression reflects effective neuromodulation in chronic recordings.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND BACKGROUND To investigate the relationship between the position of bilateral STN-DBS location of active contacts and the clinical efficacy of STN-DBS on motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients.\nMETHODS METHODS Retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 57 patients with PD who underwent bilateral STN-DBS from March 2018 to December 2018. Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale-Part III (UPDRS-III) score, levodopa equivalent day dose (LEDD), Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life Scale (PDQ-39) before operation and within 6\u2009months after operation, determine the location of activated contacts and volume of tissue activated (VTA) in the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) space, and analyze their correlation with the improvement rate of motor symptoms (UPDRS-III score improvement rate).\nRESULTS RESULTS After 6\u2009months of follow up, the UPDRS-III scores of 57 patients (Med-off) were improved by 55.4\u2009\u00b1\u200918.9% (P<0.001) compared with that before operation. The improvement rate of PDQ-39 scores [(47.4\u2009\u00b1\u200923.2)%, (P\u2009<\u20090.001)] and the reduction rate of LEDD [(40.1\u2009\u00b1\u200924.3)%, (P\u2009<\u20090.01)] at 6\u2009months postoperation were positively correlated with the improvement rate of motor symptoms (Med-off)(PDQ-39:r\u2009=\u20090.461, P<0.001; LEDD: r\u2009=\u20090.354, P\u2009=\u20090.007), the improvement rate of UPDRS-III (Med-off) and the Z-axis coordinate of the active contact in the MNI space were positively correlated (left side: r\u2009=\u20090.349,P\u2009=\u20090.008;right side: r\u2009=\u20090.369,P\u2009=\u20090.005). In the MNI space, there was no correlation between the UPDRS-III scores improvement rate (Med-off) at 6\u2009months after operation and bilateral VTA in the STN motor subregion, STN associative subregion and STN limbic subregion of the active electrode contacts of 57 patients (all P\u2009>\u20090.05). At 6\u2009months after surgery, the difference between the Z-axis coordinate in the different improvement rate subgroups(<25, 25 to 50%, and>50%) in the MNI space was statistically significant (left side: P\u2009=\u20090.030; right side: P\u2009=\u20090.024). In the MNI space, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the VTA of the electrode active contacts (all P\u2009>\u20090.05).\nCONCLUSION CONCLUSIONS STN-DBS can improve the motor symptoms of PD patients and improve the quality of life. The closer the stimulation is to the STN dorsolateral sensorimotor area, the higher the DBS is to improve the motor symptoms of PD patients.", "authors": [ "Zhang, Feng", "Wang, Feng", "Li, Weiguo", "Wang, Ning", "Han, Chunlei", "Fan, Shiying", "Li, Peng", "Xu, Lifeng", "Zhang, Jianguo", "Meng, Fangang" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1186/s12883-021-02148-1", "keywords": [ "N Parkinson\u2019s disease", "N Deep brain stimulation", "N Motor symptom", "N Subthalamic nucleus", "#text", "N Active contacts", "@UI", "N Volume of tissue activated" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "122", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 4.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1471-2377", "publisher": "BioMed Central Ltd.", "sjr": 0.771, "snip": 1.092, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)" ], "title": "BMC neurology" }, "publication_date": "2021-03-17", "selected": false, "title": "Relationship between electrode position of deep brain stimulation and motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Synchronous oscillations are ubiquitous throughout the cortex, but the frequency of oscillations differs from area to area. To elucidate the mechanistic architectures underlying various rhythmic activities, we tested whether spontaneous neural oscillations in different local cortical areas and large-scale networks can be phase-entrained by direct perturbation with distinct frequencies of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). While recording the electroencephalogram (EEG), we applied single-pulse TMS (sp-TMS) and rTMS at 5, 11, and 23 Hz over the motor or visual cortex. We assessed local and global modulation of phase dynamics using the phase-locking factor (PLF). sp-TMS to the motor and the visual cortex triggered a transient increase in PLF in distinct frequencies that peaked at 21 and 8 Hz, respectively. rTMS at 23 Hz over the motor cortex and 11 Hz over the visual cortex induced a prominent and progressive increase in PLF that lasted for a few cycles after the termination of rTMS. Moreover, the local increase in PLF propagated to other cortical areas. These results suggest that distinct cortical areas have area-specific oscillatory frequencies, and the manipulation of oscillations in local areas impacts other areas through the large-scale oscillatory network with the corresponding frequency specificity. We speculate that rTMS that is close to area-specific frequencies (natural frequencies) enables direct manipulation of brain dynamics and is thus useful for investigating the causal roles of synchronous neural oscillations. Moreover, this technique could be used to treat clinical symptoms associated with impaired oscillations and synchrony. \u00c2\u00a9 Copyright \u00c2\u00a9 2021 Okazaki, Nakagawa, Mizuno, Hanakawa and Kitajo.", "authors": [ "Okazaki, Yuka O", "Nakagawa, Yumi", "Mizuno, Yuji", "Hanakawa, Takashi", "Kitajo, Keiichi" ], "categories": null, "citations": 7, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.3389/fnhum.2021.608947", "keywords": [ "N visual cortex", "N natural frequency", "#text", "N rTMS-EEG", "N phase entrainment", "N phase locking", "N motor cortex", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "608947", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 4.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1662-5161", "publisher": "Frontiers Media S.A.", "sjr": 0.787, "snip": 1.033, "subject_areas": [ "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Neurology", "Biological Psychiatry", "Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology", "Behavioral Neuroscience" ], "title": "Frontiers in human neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2021-03-12", "selected": false, "title": "Frequency- and Area-Specific Phase Entrainment of Intrinsic Cortical Oscillations by Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85103322337&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a powerful neurostimulation therapy proposed for the treatment of several neuropsychiatric disorders. However, DBS mechanism of action remains unclear, being its effects on brain dynamics of particular interest. Specifically, DBS reversibility is a major point of debate. Preclinical studies in obesity showed that the stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus (LH) and nucleus accumbens (NAcc), brain centers involved in satiety and reward circuits, are able to modulate the activity of brain structures impaired in this pathology. Nevertheless, the long-term persistence of this modulation after DBS withdrawal was unexplored. Here we examine the in vivo presence of such changes 1 month after LH- and NAcc-DBS, along with differences in synaptic plasticity, following an exploratory approach. Thus, both stimulated and non-stimulated animals with electrodes in the NAcc showed a common pattern of brain metabolism modulation, presumably derived from the electrodes' presence. In contrast, animals stimulated in the LH showed a relative metabolic invariance, and a reduction of neuroplasticity molecules, evidencing long-lasting neural changes. Our findings suggest that the reversibility or persistence of DBS modulation in the long-term depends on the selected DBS target. Therefore, the DBS footprint would be influenced by the stability achieved in the neural network involved during the stimulation.", "authors": [ "Casquero-Veiga, Marta", "Bueno-Fernandez, Clara", "Romero-Miguel, Diego", "Lamanna-Rama, Nicol\u00e1s", "Nacher, Juan", "Desco, Manuel", "Soto-Montenegro, Mar\u00eda Luisa" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-82987-7", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "5580", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2045-2322", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "sjr": 0.973, "snip": 1.312, "subject_areas": [ "Human-Computer Interaction", "Neurons and Cognition", "Combinatorics", "Multidisciplinary" ], "title": "Scientific reports" }, "publication_date": "2021-03-10", "selected": false, "title": "Exploratory study of\u00a0the long-term footprint of deep brain stimulation on brain metabolism and neuroplasticity in an animal model of obesity.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) is an effective treatment for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy who are unsuitable for surgical epilepsy treatment. However, the mechanism of action of VNS remains unclear, and the efficacy of VNS treatment regarding seizure frequency reduction cannot be assessed before surgery. This study measured changes in functional connectivity between thalamus and precentral gyrus which are activated as vital targets of deep brain stimulation (DBS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) using resting-state functional MRI to evaluate the effects of VNS. 16 epilepsy patients who underwent VNS were collected and scanned by resting-state functional MRI before and after operation. The functional connections (regions of interest: thalamus, precentral gyrus) were examined. After three months of stimulation, there were eight responders (\u226550 % seizure reduction) and eight non-responders to VNS. No significant difference in thalamus-precentral gyrus functional connectivity was found between responders and nonresponders before operation. Enhanced functional connections were observed between bilateral thalamus and bilateral precentral gyrus in responders, which decreased in nonresponders, while functional connections between bilateral thalamus decreased in both responders and nonresponders. Short-term stimulation may cause thalamus-precentral gyrus functional connectivity changes in DRE patients, and control seizures by enhancing functional connections between bilateral thalamus and bilateral precentral gyrus.", "authors": [ "Zhu, Jin", "Xu, Cuiping", "Zhang, Xi", "Qiao, Liang", "Wang, Xueyuan", "Zhang, Xiaohua", "Yan, Xiaoming", "Ni, Duanyu", "Yu, Tao", "Zhang, Guojun", "Li, Yongjie" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135815", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Short-term study", "N Functional connectivity", "N Resting-state functional MRI", "N Vagal nerve stimulation", "N Epilepsy" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "135815", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1872-7972", "publisher": "Elsevier Ireland Ltd", "sjr": 0.802, "snip": 0.777, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Neuroscience letters" }, "publication_date": "2021-03-09", "selected": false, "title": "The thalamus-precentral gyrus functional connectivity changes in epilepsy patients following vagal nerve stimulation.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Objective: The presence of a cochlear implant is being considered an absolute contraindication for experiments and/or treatments. We aimed to verify TMS (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation) compatibility of a new generation of cochlear implants. Methods: In a series of experiments, we test if MED-EL cochlear implants -compatible with stable fields of magnetic resonance imaging scanning- are fully resistant even to rapidly varying magnetic fields as those generated by single pulses and low and high-frequency trains of repetitive TMS (rTMS) applied with a figure of eight coil and different magnetic stimulators. Results: With a TMS intensity equal or below 2.2 Tesla (T) the cochlear implant and all its electronic components remain fully functional, even when the combination of frequency, intensity and number of pulses exceeds the currently available safety guidelines. Induced forces on the implant are negligible. With higher magnetic fields (i.e., 3.2 T), one device was corrupted. Conclusions: Results exclude the risk of electronic damaging, demagnetizing or displacements of the studied cochlear implants when exposed to magnetic fields of up to 2.2 T delivered through a focal coil. Significance: They open the way to use focal rTMS protocols with the aim of promoting neural plasticity in auditory networks, possibly helping the post-implant recovery of speech perception performance. \u00c2\u00a9 2021 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology", "authors": [ "Mandal\u00c3\u00a0, M.", "Baldi, T.L.", "Neri, F.", "Mencarelli, L.", "Romanella, S.", "Ulivelli, M.", "Prattichizzo, D.", "Santarnecchi, E.", "Rossi, S." ], "categories": null, "citations": 4, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.clinph.2020.12.013", "keywords": [ "rTMS", "TMS", "Safety", "Cochlear implant", "Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation" ], "number_of_pages": 7, "pages": "723-729", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "13882457", "publisher": "Elsevier Ireland Ltd", "sjr": 1.212, "snip": 1.482, "subject_areas": [ "Physiology (medical)", "Neurology (clinical)", "Sensory Systems", "Neurology" ], "title": "Clinical Neurophysiology" }, "publication_date": "2021-03-01", "selected": false, "title": "Feasibility of TMS in patients with new generation cochlear implants", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85100490997&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Abstract: The number of patients with a long-term unconscious state due to brain injury has increased over recent years. The extent to which their cognitive functions are preserved and the prospects for their recovery are very important to evaluate in order to choose the correct treatment strategy and rehabilitation efforts, especially when a clinical assessment of cognitive functions is problematic. Biopotentials were analyzed in 24\u00c2 unconscious patients with brain injury. The patients had the unresponsive wakefulness syndrome or were in a minimally conscious state. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) therapy was performed in 15\u00c2 patients. Features of functional wavelet-connectivity were found in a resting state and during listening to naturalistic stimuli (songs) for each considered unconscious state. Interhemispheric and diagonal functional connections in the prefrontal and occipital brain areas were identified as a favorable prognostic sign for further consciousness recovery. \u00c2\u00a9 2021, Pleiades Publishing, Inc.", "authors": [ "Zigmantovich, A.S.", "Oknina, L.B.", "Kopachka, M.M.", "Masherow, E.L.", "Alexandrova, E.V." ], "categories": null, "citations": 0, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus" ], "doi": "10.1134/S0362119721020146", "keywords": [ "unresponsive wakefulness syndrome", "wavelet synchrony", "severe brain injury", "minimally conscious state" ], "number_of_pages": 9, "pages": "128-136", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 0.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "03621197", "publisher": "Pleiades Publishing", "sjr": 0.143, "snip": 0.285, "subject_areas": [ "Physiology (medical)", "Physiology" ], "title": "Human Physiology" }, "publication_date": "2021-03-01", "selected": false, "title": "Functional Wavelet Connectivity in Resting State Reflects Consciousness Recovery in Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85107314747&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "No biomarker of Parkinson's disease exists that allows clinicians to adjust chronic therapy, either medication or deep brain stimulation, with real-time feedback. Consequently, clinicians rely on time-intensive, empirical, and subjective clinical assessments of motor behaviour and adverse events to adjust therapies. Accumulating evidence suggests that hypokinetic aspects of Parkinson's disease and their improvement with therapy are related to pathological neural activity in the beta band (beta oscillopathy) in the subthalamic nucleus. Additionally, effectiveness of deep brain stimulation may depend on modulation of the dorsolateral sensorimotor region of the subthalamic nucleus, which is the primary site of this beta oscillopathy. Despite the feasibility of utilizing this information to provide integrated, biomarker-driven precise deep brain stimulation, these measures have not been brought together in awake freely moving individuals. We sought to directly test whether stimulation-related improvements in bradykinesia were contingent on reduction of beta power and burst durations, and/or the volume of the sensorimotor subthalamic nucleus that was modulated. We recorded synchronized local field potentials and kinematic data in 16 subthalamic nuclei of individuals with Parkinson's disease chronically implanted with neurostimulators during a repetitive wrist-flexion extension task, while administering randomized different intensities of high frequency stimulation. Increased intensities of deep brain stimulation improved movement velocity and were associated with an intensity-dependent reduction in beta power and mean burst duration, measured during movement. The degree of reduction in this beta oscillopathy was associated with the improvement in movement velocity. Moreover, the reduction in beta power and beta burst durations was dependent on the theoretical degree of tissue modulated in the sensorimotor region of the subthalamic nucleus. Finally, the degree of attenuation of both beta power and beta burst durations, together with the degree of overlap of stimulation with the sensorimotor subthalamic nucleus significantly explained the stimulation-related improvement in movement velocity. The above results provide direct evidence that subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation-related improvements in bradykinesia are related to the reduction in beta oscillopathy within the sensorimotor region. With the advent of sensing neurostimulators, this beta oscillopathy combined with lead location could be used as a marker for real-time feedback to adjust clinical settings or to drive closed-loop deep brain stimulation in freely moving individuals with Parkinson's disease.", "authors": [ "Kehnemouyi, Yasmine M", "Wilkins, Kevin B", "Anidi, Chioma M", "Anderson, Ross W", "Afzal, Muhammad Furqan", "Bronte-Stewart, Helen M" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1093/brain/awaa394", "keywords": [ "N Parkinson\u2019s disease", "N bradykinesia", "D016428 Journal Article", "D052061 Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N beta oscillations", "N deep brain stimulation", "N local field potentials" ], "number_of_pages": 14, "pages": "473-486", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 20.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1460-2156", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "sjr": 4.437, "snip": 3.147, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)" ], "title": "Brain : a journal of neurology" }, "publication_date": "2021-03-01", "selected": false, "title": "Modulation of beta bursts in subthalamic sensorimotor circuits predicts improvement in bradykinesia.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE Deep brain stimulation (DBS) improves motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD), but it can also disrupt verbal fluency with significant costs to quality of life. The current study investigated how variability of bilateral active electrode coordinates along the superior/inferior, anterior/posterior, and lateral/medial axes in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) or the globus pallidus interna (GPi) contribute to changes in verbal fluency. We predicted that electrode location in the left hemisphere would be linked to changes in fluency, especially in the STN.\nMETHODS Forty PD participants treated with bilateral DBS targeting STN (n\u00a0=\u00a023) or GPi (n\u00a0=\u00a017) completed verbal fluency testing in their optimally treated state before and after DBS therapy. Normalized atlas coordinates from left and right active electrode positions along superior/inferior, anterior/posterior, and lateral/medial axes were used to predict changes in fluency postoperatively, separately for patients with STN and GPi targets.\nRESULTS Consistent with prior studies, fluency significantly declined pre- to postsurgery (in both DBS targets). In STN-DBS patients, electrode position along the inferior to superior axis in the left STN was a significant predictor of fluency changes; relatively more superior left active electrode was associated with the largest fluency declines in STN. Electrode coordinates in right STN or GPi (left or right) did not predict fluency changes.\nINTERPRETATION We discuss these findings in light of putative mechanisms and potential clinical impact.", "authors": [ "John, Kevin D", "Wylie, Scott A", "Dawant, Benoit M", "Rodriguez, William J", "Phibbs, Fenna T", "Bradley, Elise B", "Neimat, Joseph S", "van Wouwe, Nelleke C" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1002/acn3.51304", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 10, "pages": "613-622", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 8.8, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2328-9503", "publisher": "John Wiley & Sons Inc.", "sjr": 1.885, "snip": 1.383, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Annals of clinical and translational neurology" }, "publication_date": "2021-02-17", "selected": false, "title": "Deep brain stimulation effects on verbal fluency dissociated by target and active contact location.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Correlational evidence in non-human primates has reported increases of\u00c2 fronto-parietal high-beta (22\u00e2\u0080\u009330\u00c2 Hz) synchrony during the\u00c2 top-down allocation of visuo-spatial\u00c2 attention. But may inter-regional synchronization at this specific frequency band provide a causal mechanism by which top-down\u00c2 attentional processes facilitate conscious\u00c2 visual perception? To address this question,\u00c2 we analyzed electroencephalographic\u00c2 (EEG) signals from a group of healthy participants who performed a conscious visual detection task while we delivered brief (4 pulses) rhythmic (30\u00c2 Hz) or random bursts of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) to the right Frontal Eye Field (FEF) prior to the onset of a lateralized target. We report increases of inter-regional synchronization in the high-beta band (25\u00e2\u0080\u009335\u00c2 Hz) between the electrode closest to the stimulated region (the\u00c2 right FEF) and right\u00c2 parietal EEG\u00c2 leads, and increases of local inter-trial coherence within\u00c2 the same frequency band over bilateral\u00c2 parietal EEG\u00c2 contacts, both driven by rhythmic but not random TMS\u00c2 patterns. Such increases were accompained by improvements\u00c2 of conscious\u00c2 visual sensitivity for left visual targets in the rhythmic but not the random TMS condition. These outcomes suggest that high-beta inter-regional synchrony can be modulated non-invasively and that high-beta oscillatory activity across the right dorsal fronto-parietal network may contribute to the facilitation of conscious visual perception. Our work\u00c2 supports future applications of non-invasive brain stimulation to restore impaired visually-guided behaviors\u00c2 by operating on top-down attentional modulatory mechanisms. \u00c2\u00a9 2021, The Author(s).", "authors": [ "Stengel, Chlo\u00e9", "Vernet, Marine", "Amengual, Juli\u00e0 L", "Valero-Cabr\u00e9, Antoni" ], "categories": null, "citations": 10, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1038/s41598-020-79812-y", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "3807", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2045-2322", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "sjr": 0.973, "snip": 1.312, "subject_areas": [ "Human-Computer Interaction", "Neurons and Cognition", "Combinatorics", "Multidisciplinary" ], "title": "Scientific reports" }, "publication_date": "2021-02-15", "selected": false, "title": "Causal modulation of right hemisphere\u00a0fronto-parietal phase synchrony with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation during a conscious visual detection task.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85101487945&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HGNS) therapy was approved in 2014 for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in patients who are intolerant to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, which is reported in up to 40\u00e2\u0080\u009360% of patients. This therapy works via direct neurostimulation of the hypoglossal nerve in synchrony with respiration, to open the airway via tongue stiffening and protrusion. Studies have demonstrated significant reductions in both respiratory parameters such as disordered breathing indices, as well as subjective sleep complaints, such as daytime sleepiness, with the use of this therapy. This has increased the repertoire of treatment options for sleep providers to recommend to those patients that are intolerant to CPAP therapy. \u00c2\u00a9 2021, The American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, Inc.", "authors": [ "Olson, Michael D", "Junna, Mithri R" ], "categories": null, "citations": 13, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1007/s13311-021-01012-x", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "N Hypoglossal nerve stimulation therapy", "N obstructive sleep apnea", "N surgery", "D016454 Review", "N continue positive airway pressure intolerance", "N continuous positive airway pressure", "N upper airway stimulation" ], "number_of_pages": 9, "pages": "91-99", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": null, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1878-7479", "publisher": null, "sjr": null, "snip": null, "subject_areas": [], "title": "Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics" }, "publication_date": "2021-02-08", "selected": false, "title": "Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation Therapy for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85100736427&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Brain connectivity plays a major role in the encoding, transfer, and integration of sensory information. Interregional synchronization of neural oscillations in the \u00ce\u00b3-frequency band has been suggested as a key mechanism underlying perceptual integration. In a recent study, we found evidence for this hypothesis showing that the modulation of interhemispheric oscillatory synchrony by means of bihemispheric high-density transcranial alternating current stimulation (HD-TACS) affects binaural integration of dichotic acoustic features. Here, we aimed to establish a direct link between oscillatory synchrony, effective brain connectivity, and binaural integration. We experimentally manipulated oscillatory synchrony (using bihemispheric \u00ce\u00b3-TACS with different interhemispheric phase lags) and assessed the effect on effective brain connectivity and binaural integration (as measured with functional MRI and a dichotic listening task, respectively). We found that TACS reduced intrahemispheric connectivity within the auditory cortices and antiphase (interhemispheric phase lag 180\u00c2\u00b0) TACS modulated connectivity between the two auditory cortices. Importantly, the changes in intra- and interhemispheric connectivity induced by TACS were correlated with changes in perceptual integration. Our results indicate that \u00ce\u00b3-band synchronization between the two auditory cortices plays a functional role in binaural integration, supporting the proposed role of interregional oscillatory synchrony in perceptual integration. \u00c2\u00a9 2021 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.", "authors": [ "Preisig, Basil C", "Riecke, Lars", "Sjerps, Matthias J", "K\u00f6sem, Anne", "Kop, Benjamin R", "Bramson, Bob", "Hagoort, Peter", "Hervais-Adelman, Alexis" ], "categories": null, "citations": 18, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1073/pnas.2015488118", "keywords": [ "N fMRI", "N transcranial alternating current stimulation", "D016428 Journal Article", "N dichotic listening", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N dynamic causal modeling", "N speech perception" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": null, "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 19.2, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1091-6490", "publisher": "National Academy of Sciences", "sjr": 4.026, "snip": 2.765, "subject_areas": [ "Multidisciplinary" ], "title": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America" }, "publication_date": "2021-02-01", "selected": false, "title": "Selective modulation of interhemispheric connectivity by transcranial alternating current stimulation influences binaural integration.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85100994058&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Neurostimulation therapies for psychiatric disorders often have limited clinical efficacy. The limited efficacy might arise from a mismatch between therapy and disease mechanisms. Mental disorders are believed to arise from communication breakdown in distributed brain circuits, and thus altering connectivity between brain regions might be an effective way to restore normal brain communication. Synchronized neural oscillations (coherence) and synaptic strength are two common measures of brain connectivity. In this work, we developed an electrical stimulation method for altering narrow-frequency-band (theta, 5-8 Hz) coherence and synaptic strength. We tested this method in a circuit between infralimbic cortex (IL) and basolateral amygdala (BLA), which is broadly implicated in fear regulation. 6 Hz pulse trains were delivered into IL and BLA with various inter-train lags. These paired trains induced long-lasting synaptic strength change and a brief coherence enhancement in the IL-BLA circuit. This enhancement was specific to the 'top-down' (IL-to-BLA) direction, and only occurred when the IL and BLA pulse trains had a relative lag of 180\u00c2\u00b0 (83 ms). Since the IL-BLA connection is known to be highly relevant to fear regulation, this method provides a tool to study the relationship between brain connectivity and fear behaviors. Further, it may be a new approach to study the relative roles of synaptic strength and oscillatory synchrony in brain network communication. \u00c2\u00a9 2001-2011 IEEE.", "authors": [ "Lo, Meng-Chen", "Younk, Rebecca", "Widge, Alik S" ], "categories": null, "citations": 9, "comments": null, "databases": [ "IEEE", "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1109/TNSRE.2020.3030714", "keywords": [ "oscillatory synchrony", "mental disorders", "Deep brain stimulation", "fear circuits", "neuromodulation" ], "number_of_pages": 10, "pages": "2721-2730", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 8.8, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1558-0210", "publisher": "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.", "sjr": 1.26, "snip": 1.675, "subject_areas": [ "Rehabilitation", "Biomedical Engineering", "Internal Medicine", "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society" }, "publication_date": "2021-01-28", "selected": false, "title": "Paired Electrical Pulse Trains for Controlling Connectivity in Emotion-Related Brain Circuitry.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85100310406&origin=inward", "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=9222028" ] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND BACKGROUND Anterior thalamic nuclei (ATN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective method of controlling epilepsy, especially temporal lobe epilepsy. Mossy fiber sprouting (MFS) plays an indispensable role in the pathogenesis and progression of epilepsy, but the effect of ATN-DBS on MFS in the chronic stage of epilepsy and the potential underlying mechanisms are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ATN-DBS on MFS, as well as potential signaling pathways by a kainic acid (KA)-induced epileptic model.\nMETHODS METHODS Twenty-four rhesus monkeys were randomly assigned to control, epilepsy (EP), EP-sham-DBS, and EP-DBS groups. KA was injected to establish the chronic epileptic model. The left ATN was implanted with a DBS lead and stimulated for 8 weeks. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining were used to evaluate MFS and levels of potential molecular mediators in the hippocampus. One-way analysis of variance, followed by the Tukey post hoc correction, was used to analyze the statistical significance of differences among multiple groups.\nRESULTS RESULTS ATN-DBS is found to significantly reduce seizure frequency in the chronic stage of epilepsy. The number of ectopic granule cells was reduced in monkeys that received ATN stimulation (P\u200a<\u200a0.0001). Levels of 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and protein kinase A (PKA) in the hippocampus, together with Akt phosphorylation, were noticeably reduced in monkeys that received ATN stimulation (P\u200a=\u200a0.0030 and P\u200a=\u200a0.0001, respectively). ATN-DBS also significantly reduced MFS scores in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and CA3 sub-regions (all P\u200a<\u200a0.0001).\nCONCLUSION CONCLUSIONS ATN-DBS is shown to down-regulate the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway and Akt phosphorylation and to reduce the number of ectopic granule cells, which may be associated with the reduced MFS in chronic epilepsy. The study provides further insights into the mechanism by which ATN-DBS reduces epileptic seizures.", "authors": [ "Du, Ting-Ting", "Chen, Ying-Chuan", "Zhu, Guan-Yu", "Liu, De-Feng", "Liu, Yu-Ye", "Yuan, Tian-Shuo", "Zhang, Xin", "Zhang, Jian-Guo" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1097/CM9.0000000000001302", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 8, "pages": "326-333", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2542-5641", "publisher": "Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications", "sjr": 0.69, "snip": 0.786, "subject_areas": [ "Medicine (all)" ], "title": "Chinese medical journal" }, "publication_date": "2021-01-05", "selected": false, "title": "Anterior thalamic nuclei deep brain stimulation inhibits mossy fiber sprouting via 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A signaling pathway in a chronic epileptic monkey model.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "With the advances in neuroscience and neuroengineering, augmentation of brain functions has become a real possibility in sensory, motor, and cognitive domains. Both invasive and noninvasive interventions that target brain micro- and macrocircuits and produce functional improvements have been developed. In this review, we critically evaluate the existing methods for brain augmentation and discuss specific aspects of brain circuitry and neuronal mechanisms that could be augmented. The review covers a range of approaches, including neuromodulation, pharmacological methods, brain\u00e2\u0080\u0093computer and brain-to-brain interfaces, and even lasers. We describe advances in neural technologies, such as microtechnology, spintronics, nanotechnology, optogenetics, and minimally invasive electrode arrays. These modern tools hold promise to translate to revolutionary treatments for devastating brain disorders. Given the potential impact of brain augmentation approaches on the society, it is also important to discuss the philosophical and ethical issues arising from the use of technologies to enhance neural processing of information, memory, attention, and emotions. \u00c2\u00a9 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.", "authors": [ "Opris, I.", "Noga, B.R.", "Lebedev, M.A.", "Casanova, M.F." ], "categories": null, "citations": 1, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus" ], "doi": "10.1007/978-3-030-54564-2_4", "keywords": [ "DBS", "TMS", "Augmentation", "Brain\u00e2\u0080\u0093machine interface", "Brain function", "Prosthetics", "MEA" ], "number_of_pages": 33, "pages": "57-89", "publication": { "category": "Book", "cite_score": 0.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2627535X", "publisher": "Springer Nature Switzerland AG", "sjr": 0.608, "snip": 0.796, "subject_areas": [ "Cognitive Neuroscience", "Neurology", "Neurology (clinical)", "Sensory Systems", "Behavioral Neuroscience" ], "title": "Contemporary Clinical Neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2021-01-01", "selected": false, "title": "Modern Approaches to Augmenting the Brain Functions", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85114216668&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Among the futuristic approaches to brain augmentation, brain-nets connect several brains into a network that enables information exchange between individual subjects. Brain-nets have emerged from bidirectional brain-computer interfaces (BCI), the systems that extract information from brain activity and deliver information to the brain using neurostimulation. Although brain-nets are currently at a very initial stage of their development, they hold promise to evolve into a range of clinical applications and consumer technologies that augment our ability to communicate and collaborate using BCI methods. In addition to these advancements in the BCI field, we are currently witnessing the rise of telemedicine, the clinical approach that allows doctors to remotely connect to patients and deliver care. Telemedicine, enhanced with artificial intelligence and other digital methods, is expected to revolutionize treatment of many diseases, including such neurological condition as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We foresee that at some point, brain-nets and telemedicine will merge to give rise to new, effective neurotechnologies. \u00c2\u00a9 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.", "authors": [ "Lebedev, M.A.", "Shaderkin, I.A.", "Ryabkov, I.V.", "Lebedev, G.S." ], "categories": null, "citations": 0, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus" ], "doi": "10.1007/978-3-030-54564-2_16", "keywords": [ "Brain augmentation", "Brain-computer interface", "Autism spectrum disorder", "Neurostimulation", "Telemedicine", "Brain-to-brain interface", "Brain-net" ], "number_of_pages": 13, "pages": "343-355", "publication": { "category": "Book", "cite_score": 0.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2627535X", "publisher": "Springer Nature Switzerland AG", "sjr": 0.608, "snip": 0.796, "subject_areas": [ "Cognitive Neuroscience", "Neurology", "Neurology (clinical)", "Sensory Systems", "Behavioral Neuroscience" ], "title": "Contemporary Clinical Neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2021-01-01", "selected": false, "title": "Augmentation Through Interconnection: Brain-Nets and Telemedicine", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85114226063&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a subcortical, glutamatergic, excitatory, relay nucleus that increases the inhibitory drive of the basal ganglia and suppresses action. It is of central relevance to the neuropsychological construct of inhibition, as well as the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the STN (STN-DBS) is an established surgical treatment for PD that can be complicated by adverse neuropsychiatric side effects, most commonly characterized by impulsivity and mood elevation, although depression, anxiety, apathy, and cognitive changes have also been reported. Notwithstanding these adverse neuropsychiatric effects in PD, STN-DBS may also have a role in the treatment of refractory psychiatric disorders, as more is understood about the physiology of this nucleus and techniques in neuromodulation are refined. In this chapter, we link neuropsychiatric symptoms after STN-DBS for PD to the biological effects of electrode implantation, neurostimulation, and adjustments to dopaminergic medication, in the setting of neurodegeneration affecting cortico-striatal connectivity. We then provide an overview of clinical trials that have employed STN-DBS to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder and discuss future directions for subthalamic neuromodulation in psychiatry.", "authors": [ "Mosley, Philip E", "Akram, Harith" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/B978-0-12-820107-7.00026-4", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Inhibition", "D016454 Review", "N Subthalamic nucleus", "N Addiction", "N Impulsivity", "N Obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder" ], "number_of_pages": 15, "pages": "417-431", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.3, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "0072-9752", "publisher": "Elsevier", "sjr": 0.124, "snip": 0.0, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Handbook of clinical neurology" }, "publication_date": "2021-01-01", "selected": false, "title": "Neuropsychiatric effects of subthalamic deep brain stimulation.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The present study seeks to introduce brain-to-brain interface (B2BI) technology and review the current state of its research and applications. B2BIs are composed of a brain-computer interface (BCI) to read a subject's brain activity and a computer-brain interface (CBI) to impart activation into another subject's brain, transmitting information between brains. This paper uses the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method to systematically review literature, resulting in 12 selected publications related to B2BI. These studies use either transcranial magnetic stimulation (tMS) or intracortical microelectrodes (ICM) for the CBI portion of their B2BI systems. Of these 12 systems, 60% (9) are unidirectional and single subject to single subject in their information transmission. Limitations in the field of B2BI research include the lack of an agreed upon CBI method for transmitting information between brains. Only 25% (3) researchers studied bidirectional B2BI, showing a lack of diversity in system design as well. The results of these studies demonstrate B2BI's advancements in human communication and collaboration, but their shortcomings suggest that more designs and experiments are needed. B2BIs may allow therapists to mentally activate a patient's brain for stroke recovery, and bidirectional B2BIs may allow for increased behavioral synchronization between users. Applications of B2BI technology to neuroergonomics and human factors engineering demonstrated in the selected literature warrant more research and our report demonstrates several future directions that this research should pursue. \u00c2\u00a9 2021 IISE Annual Conference and Expo 2021. All rights reserved.", "authors": [ "Traylor, Z.", "Nam, C.S." ], "categories": null, "citations": 1, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus" ], "doi": null, "keywords": [ "Brain-to-brain interface", "Brain-computer interface", "Computer-brain interface" ], "number_of_pages": 6, "pages": "962-967", "publication": { "category": "Conference Proceedings", "cite_score": null, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": "9781713838470", "issn": null, "publisher": null, "sjr": null, "snip": null, "subject_areas": [], "title": "IISE Annual Conference and Expo 2021" }, "publication_date": "2021-01-01", "selected": false, "title": "Brain-to-brain interfaces: Towards advancing human communication and collaboration", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85120941311&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Social interactive learning denotes the ability to acquire new information from a conspecific-a prerequisite for cultural evolution and survival. As inspired by recent neurophysiological research, here we tested whether social interactive learning can be augmented by exogenously synchronizing oscillatory brain activity across an instructor and a learner engaged in a naturalistic song-learning task. We used a dual brain stimulation protocol entailing the trans-cranial delivery of synchronized electric currents in two individuals simultaneously. When we stimulated inferior frontal brain regions, with 6\u00a0Hz alternating currents being in-phase between the instructor and the learner, the dyad exhibited spontaneous and synchronized body movement. Remarkably, this stimulation also led to enhanced learning performance. These effects were both phase- and frequency-specific: 6\u00a0Hz anti-phase stimulation or 10\u00a0Hz in-phase stimulation, did not yield comparable results. Furthermore, a mediation analysis disclosed that interpersonal movement synchrony acted as a partial mediator of the effect of dual brain stimulation on learning performance, i.e. possibly facilitating the effect of dual brain stimulation on learning. Our results provide a causal demonstration that inter-brain synchronization is a sufficient condition to improve real-time information transfer between pairs of individuals.", "authors": [ "Pan, Yafeng", "Novembre, Giacomo", "Song, Bei", "Zhu, Yi", "Hu, Yi" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1093/scan/nsaa080", "keywords": [ "N social interactive learning", "D016428 Journal Article", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N inter-brain synchronization", "N dual brain stimulation", "N spontaneous movement", "N music" ], "number_of_pages": 12, "pages": "210-221", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.8, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1749-5024", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "sjr": 1.602, "snip": 1.285, "subject_areas": [ "Cognitive Neuroscience", "Experimental and Cognitive Psychology" ], "title": "Social cognitive and affective neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2021-01-01", "selected": true, "title": "Dual brain stimulation enhances interpersonal learning through spontaneous movement synchrony.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Stress is an adaptive response with repercussions on the human health. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is thought to be involved in stress regulation by contributing to limit its biological and behavioral pejorative consequences. Here, to investigate the contribution of the DLPFC in stress response, we applied transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) over the DLPFC during acute stress exposure in healthy participants. We hypothesized that active tDCS compared to sham would impact top-down control of the DLPFC on goal-directed behavior and hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. In a double-blind sham-controlled study, 30 healthy subjects were randomly allocated to receive either active (2\u00a0mA, n\u00a0=\u00a015) or sham tDCS (n\u00a0=\u00a015) with the anode over the left DLPFC and the cathode over the right DLFPC. During the 30-min stimulation period, participants faced an experimental acute stress paradigm. Changes in goal-directed behavior were measured with a decision-making task. HPA axis reactivity was assessed by repeated measures of salivary cortisol. Acute stress decreased appetite for immediate reward in the sham group (mean\u00a0-\u00a04.40%; p\u00a0=\u00a00.017) whereas no significant effect of stress was observed in the active group. During stress exposure, we observed a significant larger elevation of salivary cortisol (p\u00a0=\u00a00.045; Cohen's d\u00a0=\u00a00.431) in the sham tDCS group (+179.8%; Standard error of the mean (SEM)\u00a0=\u00a020.6) than in the active group (+138.5%; SEM\u00a0=\u00a014.2). Stimulating the DLPFC using bifrontal tDCS may prevent stress-induced acute effects on both biological and behavioral outcomes.", "authors": [ "Brunelin, Jerome", "Fecteau, Shirley" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.12.068", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "N tDCS", "N Stress", "N Delay discounting", "N Decision making", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "D016449 Randomized Controlled Trial", "N Cortisol", "N DLPFC" ], "number_of_pages": 5, "pages": "15-19", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1879-1379", "publisher": "Elsevier Ltd.", "sjr": 1.554, "snip": 1.364, "subject_areas": [ "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Biological Psychiatry" ], "title": "Journal of psychiatric research" }, "publication_date": "2020-12-31", "selected": false, "title": "Impact of bifrontal transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on decision-making and stress reactivity. A pilot study.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND BACKGROUND The posterior insula (PI) has been proposed as a potential neurostimulation target for neuropathic pain relief as it represents a key-structure in pain processing. However, currently available data remain inconclusive as to efficient stimulation parameters.\nOBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE As frequency was shown to be the most correlated parameter to pain relief, this study aims to evaluate the potential modulatory effects of low frequency (LF-IS, 50 Hz) and high-frequency (HF-IS, 150 Hz) posterior insular stimulation on the activity of somatosensory thalamic nuclei.\nMATERIALS AND METHODS METHODS Epidural bipolar electrodes were placed over the PI of healthy adult cats, and extracellular single-unit activities of nociceptive (NS), nonnociceptive (NN), and wide dynamic range (WDR) thalamic cells were recorded within the ventral posterolateral nucleus and the medial division of the thalamic posterior complex. Mean discharge frequency and burst firing mode were analyzed before and after either LF-IS or HF-IS.\nRESULTS RESULTS LF-IS showed a significant thalamic modulatory effects increasing the firing rate of NN cells (p\u2009\u2264\u20090.03) and decreasing the burst firing of NS cells (p\u2009\u2264\u20090.03), independently of the thalamic nucleus. Conversely, HF-IS did not induce any change in firing properties of the three recorded cell types.\nCONCLUSION CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that 50 Hz IS could be a better candidate to control neuropathic pain.", "authors": [ "Chehade, Hiba-Douja", "Koba\u00efter-Maarrawi, Sandra", "Komboz, Fares", "Farhat, Jean-Paul", "Magnin, Michel", "Garcia-Larrea, Luis", "Maarrawi, Joseph" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1111/ner.13343", "keywords": [ "N nociception", "N neurostimulation", "#text", "N posterior insula", "N neuropathic pain", "N somatosensory thalamus", "N Cat", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": 11, "pages": "229-239", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1525-1403", "publisher": "International Neuromodulation Society", "sjr": 0.827, "snip": 1.208, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology", "Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine" ], "title": "Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society" }, "publication_date": "2020-12-19", "selected": false, "title": "Somatosensory Thalamic Activity Modulation by Posterior Insular Stimulation: Cues to Clinical Application Based on Comparison of Frequencies in a Cat Model.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Recent years have seen a rapid increase in research investigating the motor-related brain activity that supports joint action. This research has employed a variety of joint action tasks and an array of neuroimaging techniques, including fMRI, fNIRS, EEG, and TMS. In this review, we provide an overview of this research to delineate what is known about the motor-related brain activity that contributes to joint action and to highlight key questions for future research. Taken together, the surveyed research supports three major conclusions. First, the mere presence of a joint action context is sufficient to modulate motor activity elicited by observing others' actions. Second, joint action is supported by dissociable motor activity associated with a person's own actions, their partner's actions, and the joint action, and by between-brain coupling of motor-related oscillatory activity. Third, the structure of a joint action modulates the motor activity involved: Unique motor activity is associated with performing joint actions comprised of complementary actions and with holding the roles of leader and follower within a joint action. We conclude the review by highlighting overarching themes and key questions for future research. \u00c2\u00a9 2020 The Authors", "authors": [ "Bolt, Nicole K", "Loehr, Janeen D" ], "categories": null, "citations": 10, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.actpsy.2020.103218", "keywords": [ "N Motor-related brain activity", "D016428 Journal Article", "D016454 Review", "N Joint action", "N Interpersonal coordination", "N Neuroimaging", "N Interbrain coupling" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "103218", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 2.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1873-6297", "publisher": "Elsevier", "sjr": 0.64, "snip": 0.839, "subject_areas": [ "Developmental and Educational Psychology", "Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous)", "Experimental and Cognitive Psychology" ], "title": "Acta psychologica" }, "publication_date": "2020-12-08", "selected": false, "title": "The motor-related brain activity that supports joint action: A review.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85098839459&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND Motor outcomes after subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) for Parkinson disease (PD) vary considerably among patients and strongly depend on stimulation location. The objective of this retrospective study was to map the regions of optimal STN DBS for PD using an atlas-independent, fully individualized (N-of-1) tissue activation modeling approach and to assess the relationship between patient-level therapeutic volumes of tissue activation (VTAs) and motor improvement.\nMETHODS The stimulation-induced electric field for 40 PD patients treated with bilateral STN DBS was modeled using finite element analysis. Neurostimulation models were generated for each patient, incorporating their individual STN anatomy, DBS lead position and orientation, anisotropic tissue conductivity, and clinical stimulation settings. A voxel-based analysis of the VTAs was then used to map the optimal location of stimulation. The amount of stimulation in specific regions relative to the STN was measured and compared between STNs with more and less optimal stimulation, as determined by their motor improvement scores and VTA. The relationship between VTA location and motor outcome was then assessed using correlation analysis. Patient variability in terms of STN anatomy, active contact position, and VTA location were also evaluated. Results from the N-of-1 model were compared to those from a simplified VTA model.\nRESULTS Tissue activation modeling mapped the optimal location of stimulation to regions medial, posterior, and dorsal to the STN centroid. These regions extended beyond the STN boundary towards the caudal zona incerta (cZI). The location of the VTA and active contact position differed significantly between STNs with more and less optimal stimulation in the dorsal-ventral and anterior-posterior directions. Therapeutic stimulation spread noticeably more in the dorsal and posterior directions, providing additional evidence for cZI as an important DBS target. There were significant linear relationships between the amount of dorsal and posterior stimulation, as measured by the VTA, and motor improvement. These relationships were more robust than those between active contact position and motor improvement. There was high variability in STN anatomy, active contact position, and VTA location among patients. Spherical VTA modeling was unable to reproduce these results and tended to overestimate the size of the VTA.\nCONCLUSION Accurate characterization of the spread of stimulation is needed to optimize STN DBS for PD. High variability in neuroanatomy, stimulation location, and motor improvement among patients highlights the need for individualized modeling techniques. The atlas-independent, N-of-1 tissue activation modeling approach presented in this study can be used to develop and evaluate stimulation strategies to improve clinical outcomes on an individual basis.", "authors": [ "Malaga, Karlo A", "Costello, Joseph T", "Chou, Kelvin L", "Patil, Parag G" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102518", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Tissue activation volume", "N Electric field modeling", "N Parkinson disease", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Subthalamic nucleus", "D013486 Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.", "N Diffusion tensor imaging" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "102518", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 8.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2213-1582", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "sjr": 1.395, "snip": 1.324, "subject_areas": [ "Cognitive Neuroscience", "Neurology (clinical)", "Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging", "Neurology" ], "title": "NeuroImage. Clinical" }, "publication_date": "2020-12-03", "selected": false, "title": "Atlas-independent, N-of-1 tissue activation modeling to map optimal regions of subthalamic deep brain stimulation for Parkinson disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an approved therapy for the treatment of medically refractory and severe movement disorders. However, most existing neurostimulators can only apply continuous stimulation [open-loop DBS (OL-DBS)], ignoring patient behavior and environmental factors, which consequently leads to an inefficient therapy, thus limiting the therapeutic window. Here, we established the feasibility of a self-adjusting therapeutic DBS [closed-loop DBS (CL-DBS)], fully embedded in a chronic investigational neurostimulator (Activa PC + S), for three patients affected by essential tremor (ET) enrolled in a longitudinal (6 months) within-subject crossover protocol (DBS OFF, OL-DBS, and CL-DBS). Most patients with ET experience involuntary limb tremor during goal-directed movements, but not during rest. Hence, the proposed CL-DBS paradigm explored the efficacy of modulating the stimulation amplitude based on patient-specific motor behavior, suppressing the pathological tremor on-demand based on a cortical electrode detecting upper limb motor activity. Here, we demonstrated how the proposed stimulation paradigm was able to achieve clinical efficacy and tremor suppression comparable with OL-DBS in a range of movements (cup reaching, proximal and distal posture, water pouring, and writing) while having a consistent reduction in energy delivery. The proposed paradigm is an important step toward a behaviorally modulated fully embedded DBS system, capable of delivering stimulation only when needed, and potentially mitigating pitfalls of OL-DBS, such as DBS-induced side effects and premature device replacement.", "authors": [ "Opri, Enrico", "Cernera, Stephanie", "Molina, Rene", "Eisinger, Robert S", "Cagle, Jackson N", "Almeida, Leonardo", "Denison, Timothy", "Okun, Michael S", "Foote, Kelly D", "Gunduz, Aysegul" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1126/scitranslmed.aay7680", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": null, "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 24.8, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1946-6242", "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "sjr": 6.361, "snip": 2.778, "subject_areas": [ "Medicine (all)" ], "title": "Science translational medicine" }, "publication_date": "2020-12-01", "selected": false, "title": "Chronic embedded cortico-thalamic closed-loop deep brain stimulation for the treatment of essential tremor.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The disruption of pathologically enhanced beta oscillations is considered one of the key mechanisms mediating the clinical effects of deep brain stimulation on motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease. However, a specific modulation of other distinct physiological or pathological oscillatory activities could also play an important role in symptom control and motor function recovery during deep brain stimulation. Finely tuned gamma oscillations have been suggested to be prokinetic in nature, facilitating the preferential processing of physiological neural activity. In this study, we postulate that clinically effective high-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus imposes cross-frequency interactions with gamma oscillations in a cortico-subcortical network of interconnected regions and normalizes the balance between beta and gamma oscillations. To this end we acquired resting state high-density (256 channels) EEG from 31 patients with Parkinson's disease who underwent deep brain stimulation to compare spectral power and power-to-power cross-frequency coupling using a beamformer algorithm for coherent sources. To show that modulations exclusively relate to stimulation frequencies that alleviate motor symptoms, two clinically ineffective frequencies were tested as control conditions. We observed a robust reduction of beta and increase of gamma power, attested in the regions of a cortical (motor cortex, supplementary motor area, premotor cortex) and subcortical network (subthalamic nucleus and cerebellum). Additionally, we found a clear cross-frequency coupling of narrowband gamma frequencies to the stimulation frequency in all of these nodes, which negatively correlated with motor impairment. No such dynamics were revealed within the control posterior parietal cortex region. Furthermore, deep brain stimulation at clinically ineffective frequencies did not alter the source power spectra or cross-frequency coupling in any region. These findings demonstrate that clinically effective deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus differentially modifies different oscillatory activities in a widespread network of cortical and subcortical regions. Particularly the cross-frequency interactions between finely tuned gamma oscillations and the stimulation frequency may suggest an entrainment mechanism that could promote dynamic neural processing underlying motor symptom alleviation.", "authors": [ "Muthuraman, Muthuraman", "Bange, Manuel", "Koirala, Nabin", "Ciolac, Dumitru", "Pintea, Bogdan", "Glaser, Martin", "Tinkhauser, Gerd", "Brown, Peter", "Deuschl, G\u00fcnther", "Groppa, Sergiu" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1093/brain/awaa297", "keywords": [ "N source analysis", "D016428 Journal Article", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N gamma oscillations", "N volume of tissue activated", "N cross-frequency coupling", "N deep brain stimulation" ], "number_of_pages": 15, "pages": "3393-3407", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 20.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1460-2156", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "sjr": 4.437, "snip": 3.147, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)" ], "title": "Brain : a journal of neurology" }, "publication_date": "2020-12-01", "selected": false, "title": "Cross-frequency coupling between gamma oscillations and deep brain stimulation frequency in Parkinson's disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND Lesioning the Forel field or the subthalamic region is considered a possible treatment for tremoric patients with Parkinson disease, essential tremor, and other diseases. This surgical treatment was performed in the 1960s to 1970s and was an alternative to thalamotomy. Recently, there has been increasing interest in the reappraisal of stimulating and/or lesioning these targets, partly as a result of innovations in imaging and noninvasive ablative technologies, such as magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasonography.\nOBJECTIVE We wanted to perform a thorough review of the subthalamic region, both from an anatomic and a surgical standpoint, to offer a comprehensive and updated analysis of the techniques and results reported for patients with tremor treated with different techniques.\nMETHODS We performed a systematic review of the literature, gathering articles that included patients who underwent ablative or stimulation surgical techniques, targeting the pallidothalamic pathways (pallidothalamic tractotomy), cerebellothalamic pathway (cerebellothalamic tractotomy), or subthalamic area.\nRESULTS Pallidothalamic tractotomy consists of a reduced area that includes pallidofugal pathways. It may be considered an interesting target, given the benefit/risk ratio and the clinical effect, which, compared with pallidotomy, involves a lower risk of injury or involvement of vital structures such as the internal capsule or optic tract. Cerebellothalamic tractotomy and/or posterior subthalamic area are other alternative targets to thalamic stimulation or ablative surgery.\nCONCLUSIONS Based on the significant breakthrough that magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasonography has meant in the neurosurgical world, some classic targets such as the pallidothalamic tract, Forel field, and posterior subthalamic area may be reconsidered as surgical alternatives for patients with movement disorders.", "authors": [ "Guridi, Jorge", "Gonzalez-Quarante, Lain Hermes" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.wneu.2020.11.143", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "N Posterior subthalamic area", "D016428 Journal Article", "N MRgFUS", "N Pallidothalamic tract", "N Forel field", "D000078182 Systematic Review" ], "number_of_pages": 12, "pages": "11-22", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1878-8769", "publisher": "Elsevier Inc.", "sjr": 0.591, "snip": 1.032, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "World neurosurgery" }, "publication_date": "2020-12-01", "selected": false, "title": "Revisiting Forel Field Surgery.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE Asleep deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson's disease (PD) is being performed more frequently; however, motor outcomes and safety of asleep DBS have never been assessed in a prospective randomized trial.\nMETHODS We conducted a prospective, randomized, noncomparative trial to assess the motor outcomes of asleep DBS. Leads were implanted in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) according to probabilistic stereotactic coordinates with a surgical robot under O-arm\u00a9 imaging guidance under either general anesthesia without microelectrode recordings (MER) (20 patients, asleep group) or local anesthesia with MER and clinical testing (9 patients, awake group).\nRESULTS The mean motor improvement rates on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III (UPDRS-3) between OFF and ON stimulation without medication were 52.3% (95% CI: 45.4-59.2%) in the asleep group and 47.0% (95% CI: 23.8-70.2%) in the awake group, 6 months after surgery. Except for a subcutaneous hematoma, we did not observe any complications related to the surgery. Three patients (33%) in the awake group and 8 in the asleep group (40%) had at least one side effect potentially linked with neurostimulation.\nCONCLUSIONS Owing to its randomized design, our study supports the hypothesis that motor outcomes after asleep STN-DBS in PD may be noninferior to the standard awake procedure.", "authors": [ "Engelhardt, Julien", "Caire, Fran\u00e7ois", "Damon-Perri\u00e8re, Nathalie", "Guehl, Dominique", "Branchard, Olivier", "Auzou, Nicolas", "Tison, Fran\u00e7ois", "Meissner, Wassilios G", "Krim, Elsa", "Bannier, St\u00e9phanie", "B\u00e9nard, Antoine", "Sitta, R\u00e9mi", "Fontaine, Denys", "Hoarau, Xavier", "Burbaud, Pierre", "Cuny, Emmanuel" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1159/000511424", "keywords": [ "N Parkinson\u2019s disease", "N Asleep surgery", "N Deep brain stimulation", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Microelectrode recordings", "N Subthalamic nucleus", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "D016449 Randomized Controlled Trial", "D017427 Clinical Trial, Phase II", "N Awake surgery" ], "number_of_pages": 11, "pages": "230-240", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1423-0372", "publisher": "S. Karger AG", "sjr": 0.446, "snip": 0.767, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery" }, "publication_date": "2020-11-30", "selected": false, "title": "A Phase 2 Randomized Trial of Asleep versus Awake Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for refractory Tourette syndrome (TS) is accepted, but whether the efficacy of DBS treatment in the Japanese population is equivalent to those reported internationally and whether adverse effects are comparable are not yet known. This study evaluated the clinical practice and outcome of DBS for TS in a Japanese institution. This study included 25 consecutive patients with refractory TS treated with thalamic centromedian-parafascicular nucleus DBS. The severity of tics was evaluated with the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) before surgery, at 1 year after surgery, and at the last follow-up of 3 years or more after surgery. The occurrence of adverse events, active contact locations, and stimulation conditions were also evaluated. YGTSS tic severity score decreased by average 45.2% at 1 year, and by 56.6% at the last follow-up. The reduction was significant for all aspects of the scores including motor tics, phonic tics, and impairment. The mean coordinates of active contacts were 7.62 mm lateral to the midline, 3.28 mm posterior to the midcommissural point, and 3.41 mm above anterior commissure-posterior commissure plane. Efficacy and stimulation conditions were equivalent to international reports. The stimulation-induced side effects included dysarthria (32.0%) and paresthesia (12.0%). Device infection occurred in three patients (12.0%) as a surgical complication. The DBS device was removed because of infection in two patients. DBS is an effective treatment for refractory TS, although careful indication is necessary because of the surgical risks and unknown long-term outcome.", "authors": [ "Kimura, Yuiko", "Iijima, Keiya", "Takayama, Yutaro", "Yokosako, Suguru", "Kaneko, Yuu", "Omori, Mayu", "Kaido, Takanobu", "Kano, Yukiko", "Iwasaki, Masaki" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.2176/nmc.oa.2020-0202", "keywords": [ "N tic", "D016428 Journal Article", "N centromedian-parafascicular nuclei", "N deep brain stimulation", "N Tourette syndrome", "D002363 Case Reports" ], "number_of_pages": 7, "pages": "33-39", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1349-8029", "publisher": "Japan Neurosurgical Society", "sjr": 0.691, "snip": 1.15, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "Neurologia medico-chirurgica" }, "publication_date": "2020-11-26", "selected": false, "title": "Deep Brain Stimulation for Refractory Tourette Syndrome: Electrode Position and Clinical Outcome.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "How and to what extent electrical brain activity reflects pharmacologically altered states and contents of consciousness, is not well understood. Therefore, we investigated whether measures of evoked and spontaneous electroencephalographic (EEG) signal diversity are altered by sub-anaesthetic levels of ketamine compared to normal wakefulness, and how these measures relate to subjective experience. High-density 62-channel EEG was used to record spontaneous brain activity and responses evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in 10 healthy volunteers before and during administration of sub-anaesthetic doses of ketamine in an open-label within-subject design. Evoked signal diversity was assessed using the perturbational complexity index (PCI), calculated from EEG responses to TMS perturbations. Signal diversity of spontaneous EEG, with eyes open and eyes closed, was assessed by Lempel Ziv complexity (LZc), amplitude coalition entropy (ACE), and synchrony coalition entropy (SCE). Although no significant difference was found in TMS-evoked complexity (PCI) between the sub-anaesthetic ketamine condition and normal wakefulness, all measures of spontaneous EEG signal diversity (LZc, ACE, SCE) showed significantly increased values in the sub-anaesthetic ketamine condition. This increase in signal diversity correlated with subjective assessment of altered states of consciousness. Moreover, spontaneous signal diversity was significantly higher when participants had eyes open compared to eyes closed, both during normal wakefulness and during influence of sub-anaesthetic ketamine. The results suggest that PCI and spontaneous signal diversity may reflect distinct, complementary aspects of changes in brain properties related to altered states of consciousness: The brain's capacity for information integration, assessed by PCI, might be indicative of the brain's ability to sustain consciousness, while spontaneous complexity, as measured by EEG signal diversity, may be indicative of the complexity of conscious content. Thus, sub-anaesthetic ketamine may increase the complexity of the conscious content and the brain activity underlying it, while the level or general capacity for consciousness remains largely unaffected. \u00c2\u00a9 2020 Farnes et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.", "authors": [ "Farnes, Nadine", "Juel, Bj\u00f8rn E", "Nilsen, Andr\u00e9 S", "Romundstad, Luis G", "Storm, Johan F" ], "categories": null, "citations": 18, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0242056", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "e0242056", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1932-6203", "publisher": "Public Library of Science", "sjr": 0.885, "snip": 1.253, "subject_areas": [ "Multidisciplinary" ], "title": "PloS one" }, "publication_date": "2020-11-23", "selected": false, "title": "Increased signal diversity/complexity of spontaneous EEG, but not evoked EEG responses, in ketamine-induced psychedelic state in humans.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85096729568&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Alongside stereotactic magnetic resonance imaging, microelectrode recording (MER) is frequently used during the deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery for optimal target localization. The aim of this study is to optimize subthalamic nucleus (STN) mapping using MER analytical patterns. 16 patients underwent bilateral STN-DBS. MER was performed simultaneously for 5 microelectrodes in a setting of Ben's-gun pattern in awake patients. Using spikes and background activity several different parameters and their spectral estimates in various frequency bands including low frequency (2-7\u00a0Hz), Alpha (8-12\u00a0Hz), Beta (sub-divided as Low_Beta (13-20\u00a0Hz) and High_Beta (21-30\u00a0Hz)) and Gamma (31 to 49\u00a0Hz) were computed. The optimal STN lead placement with the most optimal clinical effect/side-effect ratio accorded to the maximum spike rate in 85% of the implantation. Mean amplitude of background activity in the low beta frequency range was corresponding to right depth in 85% and right location in 94% of the implantation respectively. MER can be used for STN mapping and intraoperative decisions for the implantation of DBS electrode leads with a high accuracy. Spiking and background activity in the beta range are the most promising independent parameters for the delimitation of the proper anatomical site.", "authors": [ "Koirala, Nabin", "Serrano, Lucas", "Paschen, Steffen", "Falk, Daniela", "Anwar, Abdul Rauf", "Kuravi, Pradeep", "Deuschl, G\u00fcnther", "Groppa, Sergiu", "Muthuraman, Muthuraman" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1038/s41598-020-74196-5", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "19241", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2045-2322", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "sjr": 0.973, "snip": 1.312, "subject_areas": [ "Human-Computer Interaction", "Neurons and Cognition", "Combinatorics", "Multidisciplinary" ], "title": "Scientific reports" }, "publication_date": "2020-11-06", "selected": false, "title": "Mapping of subthalamic nucleus using microelectrode recordings during deep brain stimulation.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE To explore how subjective and objective sleep parameters respond to bilateral subthalamic nucleus-deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).\nMETHODS Thirty DBS sleep studies were included by searching PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, and only 21 prospectively designed studies, including 541 patients, were eligible for the main analysis. We evaluated sleep disturbance using 1 objective measurement, polysomnography (PSG), and 4 subjective scales, including PD Sleep Scale (PDSS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and restless legs syndrome (RLS). We pooled data using the standard mean difference (SMD). The primary outcome was a change in sleep parameters 6 months postoperatively. Outcomes from <12 months to \u226512 months follow-up were compared in the subgroup analysis. Meta-regression was further conducted.\nRESULTS STN-DBS significantly improved all 4 subjective sleep scales in the 6-month follow-up: ESS (SMD\u00a0=\u00a00.234), PDSS (SMD\u00a0=\u00a00.724), PSQI (SMD\u00a0=\u00a01.374) and RLS (SMD\u00a0=\u00a01.086), while most PSG parameters remained unchanged, except for shortened rapid eye movement sleep latency (RSL) (SMD\u00a0=\u00a00.520). In the over-12-month follow-up, improvement persisted in PDSS but not in ESS. Dopamine drug reduction (p\u00a0=\u00a00.009) and motor improvement (p\u00a0=\u00a00.036) were correlated with ESS improvement and PDSS improvement, respectively.\nCONCLUSIONS Bilateral STN-DBS continuously improved subjective nocturnal sleep, while its effect on ESS lasted for only 1 year. Medication reduction and motor improvement may contribute to improved daytime sleepiness and better subjective nocturnal sleep, respectively. Except for a shortened RSL, STN-DBS did not change PSG parameters, including sleep efficiency and sleep architecture.\nREGISTRATION Open Science Framework: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/3EGRC.", "authors": [ "Yin, Zixiao", "Bai, Yutong", "Guan, Boyuan", "Jiang, Yin", "Wang, Zhan", "Meng, Fangang", "Yang, Anchao", "Zhang, Jianguo" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.sleep.2020.10.021", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "N Parkinson's disease", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Polysomnography", "N Subthalamic nucleus", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Sleep disorder" ], "number_of_pages": 10, "pages": "195-204", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.2, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1878-5506", "publisher": "Elsevier", "sjr": 1.237, "snip": 1.252, "subject_areas": [ "Medicine (all)" ], "title": "Sleep medicine" }, "publication_date": "2020-11-04", "selected": false, "title": "A quantitative analysis of the effect of bilateral subthalamic nucleus-deep brain stimulation on subjective and objective sleep parameters in Parkinson's disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND BACKGROUND There is considerable debate regarding the use of intraoperative microelectrode recording (MER) in deep brain stimulation (DBS).\nOBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE To determine if the use of intraoperative MER impacts the final position of the lead implant in DBS of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and globus pallidus (GPi) and to evaluate the incidence of complications.\nMETHODS METHODS The authors conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent STN and GPi DBS with MER, at the University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston from June 1, 2009 to October 1, 2013 to compare initial and final coordinates. Hemorrhagic and infectious complications were reviewed.\nRESULTS RESULTS A total of 90 lead implants on 46 patients implanted at the center during this time period were reviewed and included in the study. A statistically significant difference between the initial and final coordinates was observed in the superior-inferior direction with a mean difference of 0.40\u2009mm inferiorly (\u00b10.96\u2009mm, P<0.05) and 0.96\u2009mm inferiorly (\u00b11.32\u2009mm, P<0.05) in the STN and GPi locations, respectively. A nonstatistically significant difference was also observed in the anterior-posterior direction in both locations. There were no intraparenchymal hemorrhages on postoperative computed tomography. Two patients developed postoperative seizures (7.4%). One STN electrode (1.1%) required revision because of a suboptimal response.\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS Intraoperative MER in STN and GPi DBS implant does not seem to have a higher rate of surgical complications compared with historical series not using MER and might also be useful in determining the final lead location.", "authors": [ "Reddy, Sujan T", "Fenoy, Albert J", "Furr-Stimming, Erin", "Schiess, Mya C", "Mehanna, Raja" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1097/NRL.0000000000000289", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 6, "pages": "151-156", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 2.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2331-2637", "publisher": "Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Ltd.", "sjr": 0.29, "snip": 0.601, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)" ], "title": "The neurologist" }, "publication_date": "2020-11-01", "selected": false, "title": "Influence of Intraoperative Microelectrode Recording in Deep Brain Stimulation.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "To study cortical excitability changes induced by external stimulation with a certain rhythm, we developed a new method using motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the primary motor cortex. In this method, three conditioning TMS with the intensity below the motor threshold are given prior to the supra-threshold test stimulus with the four TMSs were separated by a certain interval (triad-conditioning stimulation: TCS). In healthy volunteers, MEP facilitation was elicited at an interval of 25ms, whereas TCSs with other intervals induced no facilitation. This frequency-dependent facilitation may reflect some intrinsic rhythm of M1 (25ms, i.e. 40Hz). In cortical myoclonus, the facilitation at 25ms was gone whereas facilitation was elicited by triad-conditioning stimulus at 40ms (25Hz), which is consistent with a previously reported abnormal beta rhythm in cortical myoclonus reported previously. Facilitation at 25ms was evoked in neither Parkinson's disease nor in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. With TCS, we were able to investigate the intrinsic rhythmic activity of M1 and its changes in neurological disorders.", "authors": [ "Hanajima, Ritsuko", "Ugawa, Yoshikazu" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.11477/mf.1416201676", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 7, "pages": "1247-1253", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 0.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1881-6096", "publisher": "Igaku-Shoin Ltd", "sjr": 0.145, "snip": 0.226, "subject_areas": [ "Medicine (all)" ], "title": "Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo" }, "publication_date": "2020-11-01", "selected": false, "title": "[Triad TMS of Human Motor Cortex].", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising intervention for treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders, particularly major depressive disorder (MDD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Up to 90% of patients who have not recovered with therapy or medication have reported benefit from DBS in open-label studies. Response rates in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), however, have been much lower. This has been argued to arise from surgical variability between sites, and recent psychiatric DBS research has focused on refining targeting through personalized imaging. Much less attention has been given to the fact that psychiatric disorders arise from dysfunction in distributed brain networks, and that DBS likely acts by altering communication within those networks. This is in part because psychiatric DBS research relies on subjective rating scales that make it difficult to identify network biomarkers. Here, we overview recent DBS RCT results in OCD and MDD, as well as the follow-on imaging studies. We present evidence for a new approach to studying DBS\u00e2\u0080\u0099 mechanisms of action, focused on measuring objective cognitive/emotional deficits that underpin these and many other mental disorders. Further, we suggest that a focus on cognition could lead to reliable network biomarkers at an electrophysiologic level, especially those related to inter-regional synchrony of the local field potential (LFP). Developing the network neuroscience of DBS has the potential to finally unlock the potential of this highly specific therapy. \u00c2\u00a9 2020", "authors": [ "Sullivan, Christi R P", "Olsen, Sarah", "Widge, Alik S" ], "categories": null, "citations": 51, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117515", "keywords": [ "N Electrophysiology", "N Deep brain stimulation", "D016428 Journal Article", "D052061 Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "D016454 Review", "N Neurostimulation", "N Cognitive neuroscience" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "117515", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 11.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1095-9572", "publisher": "Academic Press Inc.", "sjr": 2.512, "snip": 1.782, "subject_areas": [ "Cognitive Neuroscience", "Neurology" ], "title": "NeuroImage" }, "publication_date": "2020-11-01", "selected": false, "title": "Deep brain stimulation for psychiatric disorders: From focal brain targets to cognitive networks.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85095432501&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Psychiatric disorders are increasingly understood as dysfunctions of hyper- or hypoconnectivity in distributed brain circuits. A prototypical example is obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), which has been repeatedly linked to hyper-connectivity of cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) loops. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) and lesions of CSTC structures have shown promise for treating both OCD and related disorders involving over-expression of automatic/habitual behaviors. Physiologically, we propose that this CSTC hyper-connectivity may be reflected in high synchrony of neural firing between loop structures, which could be measured as coherent oscillations in the local field potential (LFP). Here we report the results from the pilot patient in an Early Feasibility study (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03184454) in which we use the Medtronic Activa PC+ S device to simultaneously record and stimulate in the supplementary motor area (SMA) and ventral capsule/ventral striatum (VC/VS). We hypothesized that frequency-mismatched stimulation should disrupt coherence and reduce compulsive symptoms. The patient reported subjective improvement in OCD symptoms and showed evidence of improved cognitive control with the addition of cortical stimulation, but these changes were not reflected in primary rating scales specific to OCD and depression, or during blinded cortical stimulation. This subjective improvement was correlated with increased SMA and VC/VS coherence in the alpha, beta, and gamma bands, signals which persisted after correcting for stimulation artifacts. We discuss the implications of this research, and propose future directions for research in network modulation in OCD and more broadly across psychiatric disorders. \u00c2\u00a9 Copyright \u00c2\u00a9 2020 Olsen, Basu, Bilge, Kanabar, Boggess, Rockhill, Gosai, Hahn, Peled, Ennis, Shiff, Fairbank-Haynes, Salvi, Cusin, Deckersbach, Williams, Baker, Dougherty and Widge.", "authors": [ "Olsen, Sarah T", "Basu, Ishita", "Bilge, Mustafa Taha", "Kanabar, Anish", "Boggess, Matthew J", "Rockhill, Alexander P", "Gosai, Aishwarya K", "Hahn, Emily", "Peled, Noam", "Ennis, Michaela", "Shiff, Ilana", "Fairbank-Haynes, Katherine", "Salvi, Joshua D", "Cusin, Cristina", "Deckersbach, Thilo", "Williams, Ziv", "Baker, Justin T", "Dougherty, Darin D", "Widge, Alik S" ], "categories": null, "citations": 23, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.3389/fnhum.2020.569973", "keywords": [ "N neurostimulation", "N neural oscillations", "N obsessive compulsive disorder", "N supplementary motor area", "#text", "N local field potential", "N ventral capsule/ventral striatum", "@UI", "N synchrony", "N cortico-striatal circuitry" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "569973", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 4.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1662-5161", "publisher": "Frontiers Media S.A.", "sjr": 0.787, "snip": 1.033, "subject_areas": [ "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Neurology", "Biological Psychiatry", "Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology", "Behavioral Neuroscience" ], "title": "Frontiers in human neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2020-10-23", "selected": false, "title": "Case Report of Dual-Site Neurostimulation and Chronic Recording of Cortico-Striatal Circuitry in a Patient With Treatment Refractory Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85095570279&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "AIMS Deep brain stimulation of the anterior nuclei of the thalamus (ANT-DBS) is effective in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Previous studies have shown that the basal ganglia are involved in seizure propagation in TLE, but the effects of ANT-DBS on the basal ganglia have not been clarified.\nMETHODS ANT-DBS was applied to monkeys with kainic acid-induced TLE using a robot-assisted system. Behavior was monitored continuously. Immunofluorescence analysis and Western blotting were used to estimate protein expression levels in the basal ganglia and the effects of ANT stimulation.\nRESULTS A The seizure frequency decreased after ANT-DBS. D1 and D2 receptor levels in the putamen and caudate were significantly higher in the ANT-DBS group than in the epilepsy (EP) model. Neuronal loss and apoptosis were less severe in the ANT-DBS group. Glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell and globus pallidus internus (GPi) increased in the EP group but decreased after ANT-DBS. \u03b3-Aminobutyric acid receptor A (GABA -R) decreased and glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) increased in the GPi of the EP group, whereas the reverse tendencies were observed after ANT-DBS.\nCONCLUSION ANT-DBS exerts neuroprotective effects on the caudate and putamen, enhances D1 and D2 receptor expression, and downregulates GPi overactivation, which enhanced the antiepileptic function of the basal ganglia.", "authors": [ "Du, Tingting", "Chen, Yingchuan", "Shi, Lin", "Liu, Defeng", "Liu, Yuye", "Yuan, Tianshuo", "Zhang, Xin", "Zhu, Guanyu", "Zhang, Jianguo" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1111/cns.13462", "keywords": [ "N epilepsy", "D016428 Journal Article", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N anterior nuclei of the thalamus", "N basal ganglia", "N deep brain stimulation", "N neuroprotection" ], "number_of_pages": 11, "pages": "341-351", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 9.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1755-5949", "publisher": "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd", "sjr": 1.381, "snip": 1.351, "subject_areas": [ "Physiology (medical)", "Pharmacology", "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Pharmacology (medical)" ], "title": "CNS neuroscience & therapeutics" }, "publication_date": "2020-10-21", "selected": false, "title": "Deep brain stimulation of the anterior nuclei of the thalamus relieves basal ganglia dysfunction in monkeys with temporal lobe epilepsy.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The current gold standard surgical treatment for medication-resistant essential tremor (ET) is deep brain stimulation (DBS). However, recent advances in technologies have led to the development of incisionless techniques, such as magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) thalamotomy. The authors perform a systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement to compare unilateral MRgFUS thalamotomy to unilateral and bilateral DBS in the treatment of ET in terms of tremor severity and quality of life improvement. PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and SCOPUS databases were searched. 45 eligible articles, published between 1990 and 2019, were retrieved. 1202 patients were treated with DBS and 477 were treated with MRgFUS thalamotomy. Postoperative tremor improvement was greater following DBS than MRgFUS thalamotomy (p<0.001). A subgroup analysis was carried out stratifying by treatment laterality: bilateral DBS was significantly superior to both MRgFUS and unilateral DBS (p<0.001), but no significant difference was recorded between MRgFUS and unilateral DBS (p<0.198). Postoperative quality of life improvement was significantly greater following MRgFUS thalamotomy than DBS (p<0.001). Complications were differently distributed among the two groups (p<0.001). Persistent complications were significantly more common in the MRgFUS group (p=0.042). While bilateral DBS proves superior to unilateral MRgFUS thalamotomy in the treatment of ET, a subgroup analysis suggests that treatment laterality is the most significant determinant of tremor improvement, thus highlighting the importance of future investigations on bilateral staged MRgFUS thalamotomy.", "authors": [ "Giordano, Martina", "Caccavella, Valerio Maria", "Zaed, Ismail", "Foglia Manzillo, Livia", "Montano, Nicola", "Olivi, Alessandro", "Polli, Filippo Maria" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1136/jnnp-2020-323216", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "N ultrasound", "D003160 Comparative Study", "N surgery", "N systematic reviews", "N movement disorders", "D017418 Meta-Analysis", "N tremor", "D000078182 Systematic Review" ], "number_of_pages": 9, "pages": "1270-1278", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 15.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1468-330X", "publisher": "BMJ Publishing Group", "sjr": 3.178, "snip": 2.878, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Surgery" ], "title": "Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry" }, "publication_date": "2020-10-14", "selected": false, "title": "Comparison between deep brain stimulation and magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound in the treatment of essential tremor: a systematic review and pooled analysis of functional outcomes.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) holds great promise in treating various brain diseases but its chronic therapeutic mechanisms are unclear.\nOBJECTIVE To explore the immediate and chronic effects of DBS on brain oscillations, and understand how different sub-bands of oscillations may be related to symptom improvement in Parkinson's patients.\nMETHODS We carried out a longitudinal study to examine the effects of DBS on local field potentials recorded by sensing-enabled neurostimulators in the subthalamic nuclei of Parkinson's patients, using a novel block-design stimulation paradigm.\nRESULTS DBS significantly suppressed beta activity (13-35Hz) but the suppression effect appeared to gradually attenuate during a 6-month follow-up period after surgery (p\u202f=\u202f0.002). However, beta suppression did not attenuate after repeated stimulation over several minutes (p\u202f>\u202f0.110), suggesting that the changes in beta suppression may reflect a slow reconfiguration of neural pathways instead of habituation. Suppression of beta was also associated with clinical symptom improvement across subjects. Importantly, symptom-relevant features fell within the high beta band at month 1 but shifted to the low beta band at month 6, indicating that the high beta and the low beta oscillations may play different functional roles and respond differently to stimulation over the long-term treatment.\nCONCLUSION These data may advance understanding of chronic DBS effects on beta oscillations and their association with clinical improvement, offering novel insights to the therapeutic mechanisms of DBS.", "authors": [ "Chen, Yue", "Gong, Chen", "Tian, Ye", "Orlov, Natasza", "Zhang, Jianguo", "Guo, Yi", "Xu, Shujun", "Jiang, Changqing", "Hao, Hongwei", "Neumann, Wolf-Julian", "K\u00fchn, Andrea A", "Liu, Hesheng", "Li, Luming" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.brs.2020.09.027", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "N Parkinson's disease", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Basal ganglia", "D052061 Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "N Subthalamic nucleus", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Chronic effects", "N Beta oscillation" ], "number_of_pages": 9, "pages": "1784-1792", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 12.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1876-4754", "publisher": "Elsevier Inc.", "sjr": 2.184, "snip": 1.816, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Biophysics", "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Brain stimulation" }, "publication_date": "2020-10-07", "selected": false, "title": "Neuromodulation effects of deep brain stimulation on beta rhythm: A longitudinal local field potential study.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND Subthalamic (STN) and pallidal (GPi) deep brain stimulation (DBS) improve quality of life, motor, and nonmotor symptoms (NMS) in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). However, few studies have compared their nonmotor effects.\nOBJECTIVE To compare nonmotor effects of STN-DBS and GPi-DBS.\nMETHODS In this prospective, observational, multicenter study including 60 PD patients undergoing bilateral STN-DBS (n\u00a0=\u00a040) or GPi-DBS (n\u00a0=\u00a020), we examined PDQuestionnaire (PDQ), NMSScale (NMSS), Unified PD Rating Scale-activities of daily living, -motor impairment, -complications (UPDRS-II, -III, -IV), Hoehn&Yahr, Schwab&England Scale, and levodopa-equivalent daily dose (LEDD) preoperatively and at 6-month follow-up. Intra-group changes at follow-up were analyzed with Wilcoxon signed-rank or paired t-test, if parametric tests were applicable, and corrected for multiple comparisons. Inter-group differences were explored with Mann-Whitney-U/unpaired t-tests. Analyses were performed before and after propensity score matching which balanced out demographic and preoperative clinical characteristics. Strength of clinical changes was assessed with effect size.\nRESULTS In both groups, PDQ, UPDRS-II, -IV, Schwab&England Scale, and NMSS improved significantly at follow-up. STN-DBS was significantly better for LEDD reduction, GPi-DBS for UPDRS-IV. While NMSS total score outcomes were similar, explorative NMSS domain analyses revealed distinct profiles: Both targets improved sleep/fatigue and mood/cognition, but only STN-DBS the miscellaneous (pain/olfaction) and attention/memory and only GPi-DBS cardiovascular and sexual function domains.\nCONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study to report distinct patterns of beneficial nonmotor effects of STN-DBS and GPi-DBS in PD. This study highlights the importance of NMS assessments to tailor DBS target choices to patients' individual motor and nonmotor profiles.", "authors": [ "Dafsari, Haidar S", "Dos Santos Ghilardi, Maria Gabriela", "Visser-Vandewalle, Veerle", "Rizos, Alexandra", "Ashkan, Keyoumars", "Silverdale, Monty", "Evans, Julian", "Martinez, Raquel C R", "Cury, Rubens G", "Jost, Stefanie T", "Barbe, Michael T", "Fink, Gereon R", "Antonini, Angelo", "Ray-Chaudhuri, K", "Martinez-Martin, Pablo", "Fonoff, Erich Talamoni", "Timmermann, Lars", "None, None" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.brs.2020.09.019", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "N Quality of life", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Globus Pallidus internus", "N Subthalamic nucleus", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Nonmotor symptoms", "D064888 Observational Study", "N Non-motor symptoms", "D016448 Multicenter Study" ], "number_of_pages": 9, "pages": "1697-1705", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 12.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1876-4754", "publisher": "Elsevier Inc.", "sjr": 2.184, "snip": 1.816, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Biophysics", "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Brain stimulation" }, "publication_date": "2020-10-07", "selected": false, "title": "Beneficial nonmotor effects of subthalamic and pallidal neurostimulation in Parkinson's disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND Although the mechanisms by which deep brain stimulation (DBS) modifies the activity of the ictal network are mostly undefined, recent studies have suggested that DBS of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT) can be an effective treatment for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) when resective surgery cannot be performed. In a nonhuman primate (NHP) model of MTL seizures, we showed that the ANT was actively involved during interictal and ictal periods through different patterns and that the hippocampus (HPC) and ANT synchronously oscillate in the high beta-band during seizures.\nOBJECTIVE Based on those findings, we evaluated whether the frequency of stimulation is an important parameter that interferes with seizures and how to adapt stimulation protocols to it.\nMETHODS We investigated the effects of low-frequency (40\u00a0Hz - determined as the ictal frequency of correlation between structures) and high-frequency (130\u00a0Hz - as commonly used in clinic) ANT stimulation in three monkeys in which MTLE seizures were initiated.\nRESULTS Low-frequency stimulation had a strong effect on the number of seizures and the total time spent in seizure, whereas high-frequency stimulation had no effect. The coherence of oscillations between the HPC and the ANT was significantly correlated with the success of low-frequency stimulation: the greater the coherence was, the greater the antiepileptic effect of ANT-DBS.\nCONCLUSION Our results suggest that low-frequency stimulation is efficient in treating seizures in a nonhuman primate model. More importantly, the study of the coherence between the ANT and HPC during seizures can help to predict the anti-epileptic effects of ANT stimulation. Furthermore, the DBS paradigm could be customized in frequency for each patient on the basis of the coherence spectral pattern.", "authors": [ "Sherdil, Ariana", "Chabard\u00e8s, Stephan", "David, Olivier", "Piallat, Brigitte" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.brs.2020.09.026", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Non-human primate", "N Anterior thalamic nucleus", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Oscillation coherence", "N Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy" ], "number_of_pages": 9, "pages": "1678-1686", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 12.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1876-4754", "publisher": "Elsevier Inc.", "sjr": 2.184, "snip": 1.816, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Biophysics", "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Brain stimulation" }, "publication_date": "2020-10-06", "selected": false, "title": "Coherence between the hippocampus and anterior thalamic nucleus as a tool to improve the effect of neurostimulation in temporal lobe epilepsy: An experimental study.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive review on hyperscanning research (measuring brain activity simultaneously from more than two people interacting) using an explicit systematic method, the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA). Data were searched from IEEE Xplore, PubMed, Engineering Village, Web of Science and Scopus databases. Inclusion criteria were journal articles written in English from2000 to 19 June 2019. Atotal of 126 empirical studies were screened out to address three specific questions regarding the neuroimaging method, the application domain, and the experiment paradigm. Results showed that the most used neuroimaging method with hyperscanning was magnetoencephalography/electroencephalography (MEG/EEG; 47%), and the least used neuroimaging method was hyper-transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) (1%). Applications in cognition accounted for almost half the studies (48%), while educational applications accounted for less than 5% of the studies. Applications in decision-making tasks were the second most common (26%), shortly followed by applications in motor synchronization (23%). The findings from this systematic review that were based on documented, transparent and reproducible searches should help build cumulative knowledge and guide future research regarding inter-brain neural synchrony during social interactions, that is, hyperscanning research. \u00c2\u00a9 2020 by the authors.", "authors": [ "Nam, C.S.", "Choo, S.", "Huang, J.", "Park, J." ], "categories": null, "citations": 28, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus" ], "doi": "10.3390/APP10196669", "keywords": [ "Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)", "Hyperscanning", "Electroencephalography (EEG)", "Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)", "Magnetoencephalography (MEG)" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": null, "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": null, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": null, "publisher": null, "sjr": null, "snip": null, "subject_areas": [], "title": "Applied Sciences (Switzerland)" }, "publication_date": "2020-10-01", "selected": false, "title": "Brain-to-brain neural synchrony during social interactions: A systematic review on hyperscanning studies", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85092517649&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE At least 25% of patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy do not obtain adequate seizure control with medication. This report describes the first use of responsive neurostimulation (RNS), bilaterally targeting the centromedian/ventrolateral (CM/VL) region in a patient with drug-refractory Jeavons syndrome (eyelid myoclonia with absences).\nCLINICAL PRESENTATION A patient, diagnosed with eyelid myoclonia with absences (EMA) and refractory to medication, was offered RNS treatment in the CM/VL region of the thalamus. Stimulation was triggered by thalamic neural activity having morphological, spectral, and synchronous features that corresponded to 3- to 5-Hz spike-wave discharges recorded on prior scalp electroencephalography.\nCONCLUSION RNS decreased daily absence seizures from a mean of 60 to \u226410 and maintained the patient's level of consciousness during the occurring episodes. This therapy should be evaluated further for its potential to treat patients with pharmaco-refractory generalized epilepsy.", "authors": [ "Kokkinos, Vasileios", "Urban, Alexandra", "Sisterson, Nathaniel D", "Li, Ningfei", "Corson, Danielle", "Richardson, R Mark" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1093/neuros/nyaa001", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "N Thalamus", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Generalized epilepsy", "N Centromedian nucleus", "N Responsive neurostimulation", "D002363 Case Reports" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "E578-E583", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1524-4040", "publisher": "Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications", "sjr": 1.221, "snip": 2.325, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "Neurosurgery" }, "publication_date": "2020-10-01", "selected": false, "title": "Responsive Neurostimulation of the Thalamus Improves Seizure Control in Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy: A Case Report.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "A mesoscale network model is proposed for the development of spike and wave discharges (SWDs) in the cortico-thalamo-cortical (C-T-C) circuit. It is based on experimental findings in two genetic models of childhood absence epilepsy-rats of WAG/Rij and GAERS strains. The model is organized hierarchically into two levels (brain structures and individual neurons) and composed of compartments for representation of somatosensory cortex, reticular and ventroposteriomedial thalamic nuclei. The cortex and the two thalamic compartments contain excitatory and inhibitory connections between four populations of neurons. Two connected subnetworks both including relevant parts of a C-T-C network responsible for SWD generation are modelled: a smaller subnetwork for the focal area in which the SWD generation can take place, and a larger subnetwork for surrounding areas which can be only passively involved into SWDs, but which is mostly responsible for normal brain activity. This assumption allows modeling of both normal and SWD activity as a dynamical system (no noise is necessary), providing reproducibility of results and allowing future analysis by means of theory of dynamical system theories. The model is able to reproduce most time-frequency changes in EEG activity accompanying the transition from normal to epileptiform activity and back. Three different mechanisms of SWD initiation reported previously in experimental studies were successfully reproduced in the model. The model incorporates also a separate mechanism for the maintenance of SWDs based on coupling analysis from experimental data. Finally, the model reproduces the possibility to stop ongoing SWDs with high frequency electrical stimulation, as described in the literature.", "authors": [ "Medvedeva, T M", "Sysoeva, M V", "L\u00fcttjohann, A", "van Luijtelaar, G", "Sysoev, I V" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0239125", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "e0239125", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1932-6203", "publisher": "Public Library of Science", "sjr": 0.885, "snip": 1.253, "subject_areas": [ "Multidisciplinary" ], "title": "PloS one" }, "publication_date": "2020-09-29", "selected": false, "title": "Dynamical mesoscale model of absence seizures in genetic models.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The multi-sensory nature of episodic memories indicates that communication between a multitude of brain areas is required for their effective creation and recollection. Previous studies have suggested that the effectiveness of memory processes depends on theta synchronization (4 Hz) of sensory areas relevant to the memory. This study aimed to manipulate theta synchronization between different sensory areas in order to further test this hypothesis. We intend to entrain visual cortex with 4 Hz alternating current stimulation (tACS), while simultaneously entraining auditory cortex with 4 Hz amplitude-modulated sounds. By entraining these different sensory areas, which pertain to learned audio\u00e2\u0080\u0093visual memory associations, we expect to find that when theta is synchronized across the different sensory areas, the memory performance would be enhanced compared to when theta is not synchronized across the sensory areas. We found no evidence for such an effect in this study. It is unclear whether this is due to an inability of 4 Hz tACS to entrain the visual cortex reliably, or whether sensory entrainment is not the underlying mechanism required for episodic memory. \u00c2\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd", "authors": [ "van der Plas, Mircea", "Wang, Danying", "Brittain, John-Stuart", "Hanslmayr, Simon" ], "categories": null, "citations": 2, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.cortex.2020.09.006", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "N Episodic memory", "N Theta oscillations", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N tACS" ], "number_of_pages": 11, "pages": "37-47", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1973-8102", "publisher": "Masson SpA", "sjr": 1.303, "snip": 1.241, "subject_areas": [ "Cognitive Neuroscience", "Experimental and Cognitive Psychology", "Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology" ], "title": "Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior" }, "publication_date": "2020-09-29", "selected": false, "title": "Investigating the role of phase-synchrony during encoding of episodic memories using electrical stimulation.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85093690766&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVE Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) is increasingly used to treat Meige syndrome (MS) and markedly improves symptoms. Stimulation-induced dyskinesia (SID), which adversely affects surgical outcomes and patient satisfaction, may, however, occur in some patients. This study attempts to explore possible causes of SID.\nMATERIALS AND METHODS METHODS Retrospectively collected clinical data on 32 patients who underwent STN-DBS between October 2016 and April 2019 were analyzed. Clinical outcomes were assessed pre- and post-surgery, using the Burke-Fahn-Marsden dystonia rating scale (BFMDRS). Patients were divided into a dyskinesia group and a non-dyskinesia group, according to whether or not they experienced persistent SID during follow-up. The coordinates of the active contacts were calculated from post-operative computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, using the inter-commissural line as a reference. At final follow-up, the main stimulatory parameters for further study included pulse width, voltage, and frequency.\nRESULTS RESULTS At final follow-up (mean = 16.3\u2009\u00b1\u20097.2 months), MS patients had improved BFMDRS total scores compared with pre-surgical scores (mean improvement = 79.0%, p\u2009<\u20090.0001). The mean improvement in BFMDRS total scores in the dyskinesia (n = 10) and non-dyskinesia (n = 22) groups were 81.6\u2009\u00b1\u20098.8% and 77.9\u2009\u00b1\u200914.2%, respectively. The mean minimum voltage to induce dyskinesia was 1.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3 V. The programmed parameters of both groups were similar. When compared with the non-dyskinesia group, active stimulatory contact coordinates in the dyskinesia group were inferior (mean left side: z = -2.3\u2009\u00b1\u20091.7\u2009mm vs. z = -1.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091.5\u2009mm; p = 0.0282; mean right side: z = -2.7\u2009\u00b1\u20091.9\u2009mm vs. z = -2.3\u2009\u00b1\u20091.7\u2009mm; p = 0.0256). The x and y coordinates were similar.\nCONCLUSION CONCLUSIONS STN-DBS is an effective intervention for MS, providing marked improvements in clinical symptoms; SID may, however occur in the subsequent programming control process. Comparing patients with/without dyskinesia, the active contacts were located closer to the inferior part of the STN in patients with dyskinesia, which may provide an explanation for the dyskinesia.", "authors": [ "Wang, Ning", "Wang, Kailiang", "Wang, Qiao", "Fan, Shiying", "Fu, Zonghui", "Zhang, Feng", "Wang, Lin", "Meng, Fangang" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1111/ner.13284", "keywords": [ "N subthalamic nucleus", "N Deep brain stimulation", "N dyskinesia", "#text", "N Meige syndrome", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": 7, "pages": "286-292", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1525-1403", "publisher": "International Neuromodulation Society", "sjr": 0.827, "snip": 1.208, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology", "Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine" ], "title": "Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society" }, "publication_date": "2020-09-22", "selected": false, "title": "Stimulation-Induced Dyskinesia After Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in Patients With Meige Syndrome.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) thalamus is highly effective to treat medication-refractory essential tremor (ET). Complications of stimulation-induced ataxia and tolerance have been reported in limited series, ranging from 5 to 40%.\nOBJECTIVE We analyzed a large single-center cohort of ET patients treated with thalamic DBS to assess rates of ataxia and tolerance.\nMETHODS Retrospective study of all ET patients that underwent VIM DBS at Mayo Clinic from 2010 to 2014. Demographic, clinical and DBS data were extracted. Risk factors, complications and time to onset of tolerance and ataxia were examined.\nRESULTS One hundred and thirteen ET patients (51% male) of mean age 68\u00a0\u00b1\u00a010 years and mean ET duration 27\u00a0\u00b1\u00a018 years underwent DBS during the study period. Of these, 98 (87%) had follow-up of \u22656 months (mean 4.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.5 years) and were included for analysis. Complications of isolated ataxia (26%), isolated tolerance (4%), both tolerance and ataxia (9%), or neither (61%) were identified. Development of ataxia was about 3 times more common than tolerance (35% vs. 13%). The mean time to ataxia was 5.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.3 years postoperatively. Risk factors for ataxia were baseline ataxic features, older age, and shorter ET disease duration. Small sample size limited calculation of risk factors and onset time for tolerance.\nCONCLUSIONS Stimulation-related ataxia occurred in one-third of ET patients, while tolerance was less common. Presence of baseline ataxia, age, and disease duration may aid counseling of stimulation-related ataxia risk. Larger studies are warranted to confirm these findings and further assess risk factors for tolerance.", "authors": [ "Chiu, Shannon Y", "Nozile-Firth, Kamilia", "Klassen, Bryan T", "Adams, Andrea", "Lee, Kendall", "Van Gompel, Jamie J", "Hassan, Anhar" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.09.009", "keywords": [ "@UI", "N Tremor", "N Surgery", "N Neurostimulation", "N Complications", "#text", "N Outcomes" ], "number_of_pages": 7, "pages": "47-53", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1873-5126", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "sjr": 1.05, "snip": 1.19, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Geriatrics and Gerontology", "Neurology" ], "title": "Parkinsonism & related disorders" }, "publication_date": "2020-09-10", "selected": false, "title": "Ataxia and tolerance after thalamic deep brain stimulation for essential tremor.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine if corticothalamic responsive stimulation targeting the centromedian nucleus of the thalamus (CMT) is a potential treatment for neocortical epilepsies with regional onsets.\nMETHODS We assessed efficacy and safety of CMT and neocortical responsive stimulation, detection, and stimulation programming, methods for implantation, and location and patterns of electrographic seizure onset and spread in 7 patients with medically intractable focal seizures with a regional neocortical onset.\nRESULTS The median follow-up duration was 17\u202fmonths (average: 17\u202fmonths, range: 8-28\u202fmonths). The median % reduction in disabling seizures (excludes auras) in the 7 patients was 88% (mean: 80%, range: 55-100%). The median % reduction in all seizure types (disabling\u202f+\u202fauras) was 73% (mean: 67%, range: 15-94%). There were no adverse events related to implantation of the responsive neurostimulator and leads or related to the delivery of responsive stimulation. Stimulation-related contralateral paresthesias were addressed by adjusting stimulation parameters in the clinic during stimulation testing. Electrographic seizures were detected in the CMT and neocortex in all seven patients. Four patients had simultaneous or near simultaneous seizure onsets in the neocortex and CMT and three had onsets in the neocortex with spread to the CMT.\nCONCLUSION In this small series of patients with medically intractable focal seizures and regional neocortical onset, responsive neurostimulation to the neocortex and CMT improved seizure control and was well tolerated.\nSIGNIFICANCE Responsive corticothalamic neurostimulation of the CMT and neocortex is a potential treatment for patients with regional neocortical epilepsies.", "authors": [ "Burdette, David E", "Haykal, M Ayman", "Jarosiewicz, Beata", "Fabris, Rachel R", "Heredia, Gabe", "Elisevich, Kost", "Patra, Sanjay E" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107354", "keywords": [ "N Focal seizures", "N Regional neocortical", "N Responsive brain stimulation", "N Centromedian nucleus", "#text", "N Corticothalamic", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "107354", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1525-5069", "publisher": "Academic Press Inc.", "sjr": 0.923, "snip": 0.899, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Behavioral Neuroscience", "Neurology" ], "title": "Epilepsy & behavior : E&B" }, "publication_date": "2020-09-09", "selected": false, "title": "Brain-responsive corticothalamic stimulation in the centromedian nucleus for the treatment of regional neocortical epilepsy.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Thalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS) for chronic pain is performed in selected patients with a variable success rate. We report the use of recently developed directional DBS in a patient with hemibody central poststroke pain (CPSP) and its added value in the induction of pleasant, pain-distracting paresthesia's throughout the contralateral body side. A 68-year-old man suffered from multiple strokes in the left hemisphere 11 years before presentation, resulting in medically refractory right-sided hemibody CPSP. He was implanted with a directional DBS electrode in the left ventrocaudal nucleus of the thalamus. A directional single-segment contact configuration produced a better improvement throughout the contralateral body side than ring-mode and other directional configurations. Treatment led to a reduction of almost 50% in pain. This case demonstrates the value of directional DBS in the treatment of chronic pain, as steering increases selectivity and reduces side effects in a small target area surrounded by structures with high functional diversity.", "authors": [ "Ten Brinke, Timo Rafael", "Arnts, Hisse", "Schuurman, Rick", "van den Munckhof, Pepijn" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1136/bcr-2019-233254", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "N pain (neurology)", "N stroke", "N neurosurgery", "D002363 Case Reports" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": null, "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 1.2, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1757-790X", "publisher": "BMJ Publishing Group", "sjr": 0.261, "snip": 0.44, "subject_areas": [ "Medicine (all)" ], "title": "BMJ case reports" }, "publication_date": "2020-08-24", "selected": false, "title": "Directional sensory thalamus deep brain stimulation in poststroke refractory pain.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The postictal state following seizures is characterized by impaired consciousness and has a major negative impact on individuals with epilepsy. Previous work in disorders of consciousness including the postictal state suggests that bilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the thalamic intralaminar central lateral nucleus (CL) may improve level of arousal. We tested the effects of postictal thalamic CL DBS in a rat model of secondarily generalized seizures elicited by electrical hippocampal stimulation. Thalamic CL DBS was delivered at 100 Hz during the postictal period in 21 female rats while measuring cortical electrophysiology and behavior. The postictal period was characterized by frontal cortical slow waves, like other states of depressed consciousness. In addition, rats exhibited severely impaired responses on two different behavioral tasks in the postictal state. Thalamic CL stimulation prevented postictal cortical slow wave activity but produced only modest behavioral improvement on a spontaneous licking sucrose reward task. We therefore also tested responses using a lever-press shock escape/avoidance (E/A) task. Rats achieved high success rates responding to the sound warning on the E/A task even during natural slow wave sleep but were severely impaired in the postictal state. Unlike the spontaneous licking task, thalamic CL DBS during the E/A task produced a marked improvement in behavior, with significant increases in lever-press shock avoidance with DBS compared with sham controls. These findings support the idea that DBS of subcortical arousal structures may be a novel therapeutic strategy benefitting patients with medically and surgically refractory epilepsy. The postictal state following seizures is characterized by impaired consciousness and has a major negative impact on individuals with epilepsy. For the first time, we developed two behavioral tasks and demonstrate that bilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the thalamic intralaminar central lateral nucleus (CL) decreased cortical slow wave activity and improved task performance in the postictal period. Because preclinical task performance studies are crucial to explore the effectiveness and safety of DBS treatment, our work is clinically relevant as it could support and help set the foundations for a human neurostimulation trial to improve postictal responsiveness in patients with medically and surgically refractory epilepsy.", "authors": [ "Xu, Jingwen", "Galardi, Maria Milagros", "Pok, Brian", "Patel, Kishan K", "Zhao, Charlie W", "Andrews, John P", "Singla, Shobhit", "McCafferty, Cian P", "Feng, Li", "Musonza, Eric T", "Kundishora, Adam J", "Gummadavelli, Abhijeet", "Gerrard, Jason L", "Laubach, Mark", "Schiff, Nicholas D", "Blumenfeld, Hal" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1370-20.2020", "keywords": [ "N epilepsy", "D016428 Journal Article", "N generalized tonic-clonic seizures", "N sleep", "D052061 Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N consciousness", "N thalamus", "N deep brain stimulation" ], "number_of_pages": 12, "pages": "7343-7354", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 9.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1529-2401", "publisher": "Society for Neuroscience", "sjr": 2.35, "snip": 1.471, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2020-08-21", "selected": false, "title": "Thalamic Stimulation Improves Postictal Cortical Arousal and Behavior.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "INTRODUCTION Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) for Parkinson disease (PD) normalizes neuronal hypersynchrony in the beta frequency range (13-30\u00a0Hz). The spatial correspondence of maximal beta power to the site of optimal stimulation along the DBS lead trajectory has been debated.\nMETHODS We determined the trajectory locations of the active contact, maximal beta power, and the dorsal border of the STN (DB-STN) in DBS patients. Beta power profiles were measured during intraoperative microelectrode recording (MER). Active contact locations were assigned during blinded, postoperative DBS programming. The DB-STN was identified both electrophysiologically during MER and anatomically on MRI. After grouping DBS trajectories into quadrants relative to the anatomic STN midpoint, we examined regional variations in the relative trajectory locations of the three entities.\nRESULTS STN DBS significantly improved motor performance for all 13 DBS patients, with active contacts at the DB-STN. Along trajectories passing posterior-medial to the STN midpoint, maximal beta power co-localized with active contacts at the DB-STN (difference \u0394\u00a0=\u00a00.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.6\u00a0mm, p\u00a0=\u00a00.57). By contrast, in posterior-lateral trajectories, maximal beta arose within the STN, ventral to active contacts (\u0394\u00a0=\u00a01.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.3\u00a0mm, p\u00a0=\u00a00.002). For trajectories anterior to the STN midpoint, maximal beta power co-localized with the DB-STN, while active contacts were ventral to peak beta power (p\u00a0=\u00a00.05).\nCONCLUSION Our findings indicate that co-localization of optimal stimulation and beta power varies by anatomical region in STN DBS for Parkinson disease.", "authors": [ "Lu, Charles W", "Chou, Kelvin L", "Patil, Parag G" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.08.008", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Parkinson disease", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Subthalamic nucleus", "N Beta oscillations", "N Optimal stimulation" ], "number_of_pages": 5, "pages": "124-128", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1873-5126", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "sjr": 1.05, "snip": 1.19, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Geriatrics and Gerontology", "Neurology" ], "title": "Parkinsonism & related disorders" }, "publication_date": "2020-08-11", "selected": false, "title": "Correspondence of optimal stimulation and beta power varies regionally in STN DBS for Parkinson disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Abstract Background: Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is characterized by the clinical triad of gait disturbance, urinary incontinence, and memory impairment with normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been used to assess the corticospinal motor pathways in patients with iNPH with conflicting results. Methods: Our study included 11 patients with iNPH and 13 healthy controls. All the subjects underwent TMS and resting motor threshold (RMT), central motor conduction time (CMCT), short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), intracortical facilitation, and silent period (SP) were recorded in the upper limb. Besides, RMT and CMCT in lower limb were also recorded. Cognitive assessments were done using mini-mental status examination, Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), and Addenbrooke's cognitive evaluation III (ACE III). Same parameters were recorded 24 h of CSF (lumbar puncture, LP) drainage. Results: Mean age of the iNPH patients was 69.00 \u00c2\u00b1 6.71 years with age at onset being 66.64 \u00c2\u00b1 7.10 years. Duration of disease was 1.80 \u00c2\u00b1 1.25 years. A significant difference was noted in CMCT for the lower limb (CMCT-LL), SICI, and ipsilateral SP between pre-LP NPH and controls. Also, there was a significant difference in MoCA and ACE III between pre-LP NPH and controls. A significant reduction was observed in lower limb RMT between pre- and post-LP NPH patients. Post LP, there was a reduction in the lower limb CMCT and improvement in SICI. Conclusion: A significant prolongation of CMCT-LL was observed in NPH patients. Lumbar CSF drainage in them resulted in a significant reduction in lower limb RMT thereby suggesting an increase in cortical excitability. \u00c2\u00a9 2021 Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.", "authors": [ "Agrawal, Aakash", "Bhattacharya, Amitabh", "Kamble, Nitish", "Yadav, Ravi", "Pal, Pramod Kumar" ], "categories": null, "citations": 7, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1017/cjn.2020.169", "keywords": [ "N Transcranial magnetic stimulation", "#text", "N Cortical excitability", "N Normal pressure hydrocephalus", "N Lumbar puncture", "N Resting motor threshold", "@UI", "N Short-interval intracortical inhibition" ], "number_of_pages": 6, "pages": "253-258", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "0317-1671", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "sjr": 0.608, "snip": 0.796, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques" }, "publication_date": "2020-08-03", "selected": false, "title": "Effect of Lumbar Drainage on Cortical Excitability in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85102785636&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Impulsivity is a frequent non-motor symptom in Parkinson disease (PD). It comprises psycho-behavioral alterations that negatively impact quality of life. Dopaminergic treatments underpin many impulsive controls disorders however, side effects, such as increased impulsivity, are described also after neurosurgical procedure of deep brain stimulation (DBS). We investigated the effect of deep brain stimulation on psycho-behavioral alterations and quality of life (QoL) in PD patients, analyzing, also, the role of dopaminergic therapies.Twenty idiopathic PD patients with and 20 idiopathic PD patients without DBS were included in the study. All patient underwent to neuropsychological assessment for a screening of executive functions, impulsivity, anxiety and depressive symptoms and QoL.Differences were found between DBS and no DBS groups and in term of dopaminergic therapies. The comparison between 2 groups showed a greater motor and attentional impulsivity in DBS patients. Moreover, this impulsivity worse QoL and interpersonal relationships. The combination of Levodopa and dopamine agonists exerted a great impact on impulsivity behavior.The emergence of postoperative impulsivity seems to be a neurostimulator phenomenon related to the computational role of the subthalamic nucleus in modulation of behavior.", "authors": [ "Lo Buono, Viviana", "Palmeri, Rosanna", "Stroscio, Giuseppe", "Corallo, Francesco", "Di Lorenzo, Giuseppe", "Sorbera, Chiara", "Ciurleo, Rosella", "Cimino, Vincenzo", "Bramanti, Placido", "Marino, Silvia", "Bonanno, Lilla" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1097/MD.0000000000021578", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "e21578", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 2.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1536-5964", "publisher": "Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Ltd.", "sjr": 0.46, "snip": 0.799, "subject_areas": [ "Medicine (all)" ], "title": "Medicine" }, "publication_date": "2020-08-01", "selected": false, "title": "The effect on deep brain stimulation of subthalamic nucleus and dopaminergic treatment in Parkinson disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) is widely used to treat patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and recent studies have shown that it is more beneficial for early stages, suggesting a potential neuroprotective effect. And the neuroinflammation plays an indispensable role in progress of PD. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of STN-DBS on neuroinflammation and the potential pathway. To address this question, we established a rat PD model by unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine injection into the left striatum and implanted stimulation leads into the ipsilateral STN to deliver electrical stimulation for a week. The neuroprotective effects of STN-DBS were examined by molecular biology techniques, including western blotting, immunohistochemistry and so on. We found that motor deficits were alleviated by STN-DBS, with increased survival of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Furthermore, STN-DBS decreased Fractalkine (CX3CL1) and its receptor (CX3CR1) expression. Meanwhile, the suppressed microglia activation and nuclear factor-\u03baB expression, decrease in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2 and IL-6 and increase in anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4, downregulated IL-1 receptor, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and cleaved-caspase3 were also observed in SN of PD models received STN-DBS. In conclusion, we observed a significant association between the suppressed neuroinflammation and STN-DBS, which may be attributed to CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling. These results provide novel insight into the mechanistic basis of STN-DBS therapy for PD.", "authors": [ "Chen, Yingchuan", "Zhu, Guanyu", "Liu, Defeng", "Zhang, Xin", "Liu, Yuye", "Yuan, Tianshuo", "Du, Tingting", "Zhang, Jianguo" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.bbi.2020.07.035", "keywords": [ "N Parkinson\u2019s disease", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Inflammation", "N Neuroprotection" ], "number_of_pages": 10, "pages": "16-25", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 24.3, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1090-2139", "publisher": "Academic Press Inc.", "sjr": 3.033, "snip": 2.324, "subject_areas": [ "Endocrine and Autonomic Systems", "Behavioral Neuroscience", "Immunology" ], "title": "Brain, behavior, and immunity" }, "publication_date": "2020-07-26", "selected": false, "title": "Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation suppresses neuroinflammation by Fractalkine pathway in Parkinson's disease rat model.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Subthalamic local field potentials in the beta band are considered as potential biomarkers for closed-loop deep brain stimulation. To investigate the subthalamic beta band peak amplitudes in a Parkinson's disease patient over an extended period of time by using a novel and commercially available neurostimulator with permanent sensing capability. We recorded local field potentials of the subthalamic nucleus using the Medtronic Percept\u2122 implantable neurostimulator at rest and during physical activity (gait) with and in response to deep brain stimulation. We found a double-peaked beta activity on both sides. Increasing stimulation and physical activity resulted in a decreased beta band amplitude, but was accompanied by the appearance of a second, and previously unrecognized peak at 13\u00a0Hz in the right hemisphere. Our results will support the investigation of distinct different peaks in the beta band and their relevance and usefulness as closed-loop biomarkers.", "authors": [ "Koeglsperger, Thomas", "Mehrkens, Jan H", "B\u00f6tzel, Kai" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1007/s00701-020-04493-5", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "N Kinematic sensor", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Local field potential (LFP)", "N Beta band frequency", "N Closed loop", "N Deep brain stimulation (DBS)", "D002363 Case Reports" ], "number_of_pages": 5, "pages": "205-209", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 4.2, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "0942-0940", "publisher": "Springer-Verlag Wien", "sjr": 0.718, "snip": 1.302, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "Acta neurochirurgica" }, "publication_date": "2020-07-24", "selected": false, "title": "Bilateral double beta peaks in a PD patient with STN electrodes.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Local field potentials (LFPs) may afford insight into the mechanisms of action of deep brain stimulation (DBS) and potential feedback signals for adaptive DBS. In Parkinson's disease (PD) DBS of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) suppresses spontaneous activity in the beta band and drives evoked resonant neural activity (ERNA). Here, we investigate how STN LFP activities change over time following the onset and offset of DBS. To this end we recorded LFPs from the STN in 14 PD patients during long (mean: 181.2\u00a0s) and short (14.2\u00a0s) blocks of continuous stimulation at 130\u00a0Hz. LFP activities were evaluated in the temporal and spectral domains. During long stimulation blocks, the frequency and amplitude of the ERNA decreased before reaching a steady state after ~70\u00a0s. Maximal ERNA amplitudes diminished over repeated stimulation blocks. Upon DBS cessation, the ERNA was revealed as an under-damped oscillation, and was more marked and lasted longer after short duration stimulation blocks. In contrast, activity in the beta band suppressed within 0.5\u00a0s of continuous DBS onset and drifted less over time. Spontaneous activity was also suppressed in the low gamma band, suggesting that the effects of high frequency stimulation on spontaneous oscillations may not be selective for pathological beta activity. High frequency oscillations were present in only six STN recordings before stimulation onset and their frequency was depressed by stimulation. The different dynamics of the ERNA and beta activity with stimulation imply different DBS mechanisms and may impact how these activities may be used in adaptive feedback.", "authors": [ "Wiest, C", "Tinkhauser, G", "Pogosyan, A", "Bange, M", "Muthuraman, M", "Groppa, S", "Baig, F", "Mostofi, A", "Pereira, E A", "Tan, H", "Brown, P", "Torrecillos, F" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105019", "keywords": [ "N Parkinson's disease", "N High frequency oscillations", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Local field potentials", "N Feedback markers", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Adaptive deep brain stimulation", "N Evoked resonant neural activity", "N Gamma activity", "N Beta oscillations" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "105019", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 12.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1095-953X", "publisher": "Academic Press Inc.", "sjr": 1.893, "snip": 1.245, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology" ], "title": "Neurobiology of disease" }, "publication_date": "2020-07-16", "selected": false, "title": "Local field potential activity dynamics in response to deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has developed over the last twenty years into a highly effective evidenced-based treatment option for neuropsychiatric disorders. Moreover, it has become a fascinating tool to provide illustrative insights into the functioning of brain networks. New anatomical and pathophysiological models of DBS action have accelerated our understanding of neurological and psychiatric disorders and brain functioning. The description of the brain networks arose through the unique ability to illustrate long-range interactions between interconnected brain regions as derived from state-of-the-art neuroimaging (structural, diffusion, and functional MRI) and the opportunity to record local and large-scale brain activity at millisecond temporal resolution (microelectrode recordings, local field potential, electroencephalography, and magnetoencephalography). In the first part of this review, we describe how neuroimaging techniques have led to current understanding of DBS effects, by identifying and refining the DBS targets and illustrate the actual view on the relationships between electrode locations and clinical effects. One step further, we discuss how neuroimaging has shifted the view of localized DBS effects to a modulation of specific brain circuits, which has been possible from the combination of electrode location reconstructions with recently introduced network imaging methods. We highlight how these findings relate to clinical effects, thus postulating neuroimaging as a key factor to understand the mechanisms of DBS action on behavior and clinical effects. In the second part, we show how invasive electrophysiology techniques have been efficiently integrated into the DBS set-up to precisely localize the neuroanatomical targets of DBS based on distinct region-specific patterns of neural activity. Next, we show how multi-site electrophysiological recordings have granted a real-time window into the aberrant brain circuits within and beyond DBS targets to quantify and map the dynamic properties of rhythmic oscillations. We also discuss how DBS alters the transient synchrony states of oscillatory networks in temporal and spatial domains during resting, task-based and motion conditions, and how this modulation of brain states ultimately shapes the functional response. Finally, we show how a successful decoding and management of electrophysiological proxies (beta bursts, phase-amplitude coupling) of aberrant brain circuits was translated into adaptive DBS stimulation paradigms for a targeted and state-dependent invasive electrical neuromodulation. \u00c2\u00a9 2020", "authors": [ "Gonzalez-Escamilla, Gabriel", "Muthuraman, Muthuraman", "Ciolac, Dumitru", "Coenen, Volker A", "Schnitzler, Alfons", "Groppa, Sergiu" ], "categories": null, "citations": 16, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117144", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "N Brain networks", "N Functional MRI", "N Beta bursts", "N Phase-amplitude coupling", "N Diffusion MRI", "N Local field potentials", "N Microelectrode recording", "N Structural MRI", "#text", "N Neural oscillations", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "117144", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 11.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1095-9572", "publisher": "Academic Press Inc.", "sjr": 2.512, "snip": 1.782, "subject_areas": [ "Cognitive Neuroscience", "Neurology" ], "title": "NeuroImage" }, "publication_date": "2020-07-04", "selected": false, "title": "Neuroimaging and electrophysiology meet invasive neurostimulation for causal interrogations and modulations of brain states.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85087659814&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Increased beta band synchrony has been demonstrated to be a biomarker of Parkinson's disease (PD). This abnormal synchrony can often be prolonged in long bursts of beta activity, which may interfere with normal sensorimotor processing. Previous closed loop deep brain stimulation (DBS) algorithms used averaged beta power to drive neurostimulation, which were indiscriminate to physiological (short) versus pathological (long) beta burst durations. We present a closed-loop DBS algorithm using beta burst duration as the control signal. Benchtop validation results demonstrate the feasibility of the algorithm in real-time by responding to pre-recorded STN data from a PD participant. These results provide the basis for future improved closed-loop algorithms focused on burst durations for in mitigating symptoms of PD. \u00c2\u00a9 2020 IEEE.", "authors": [ "Petrucci, Matthew N", "Anderson, Ross W", "O'Day, Johanna J", "Kehnemouyi, Yasmine M", "Herron, Jeffrey A", "Bronte-Stewart, Helen M" ], "categories": null, "citations": 11, "comments": null, "databases": [ "IEEE", "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1109/EMBC44109.2020.9176196", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 4, "pages": "3617-3620", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 2.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": "978-1-5386-1312-2", "issn": "2694-0604", "publisher": "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.", "sjr": 0.188, "snip": 0.799, "subject_areas": [ "Medicine (all)" ], "title": "Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference" }, "publication_date": "2020-07-01", "selected": false, "title": "A Closed-loop Deep Brain Stimulation Approach for Mitigating Burst Durations in People with Parkinson's Disease.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85090976341&origin=inward", "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=9176196" ] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND Pathologically prolonged bursts of neural activity in the 8-30\u202fHz frequency range in Parkinson's disease have been measured using high power event detector thresholds.\nNEW METHOD This study introduces a novel method for determining beta bursts using a power baseline based on spectral activity that overlapped a simulated 1/f spectrum. We used resting state local field potentials from people with Parkinson's disease and a simulated 1/f signal to measure beta burst durations, to demonstrate how tuning parameters (i.e., bandwidth and center frequency) affect burst durations, to compare burst duration distributions with high power threshold methods, and to study the effect of increasing neurostimulation intensities on burst duration.\nRESULTS The baseline method captured a broad distribution of resting state beta band burst durations. Mean beta band burst durations were significantly shorter on compared to off neurostimulation (p\u202f=\u202f0.0046), and their distribution shifted towards that of the 1/f spectrum during increasing intensities of stimulation.\nCOMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS High power event detection methods, measure duration of higher power bursts and omit portions of the neural signal. The baseline method captured the broadest distribution of burst durations and was more sensitive than high power detection methods in demonstrating the effect of neurostimulation on beta burst duration.\nCONCLUSIONS The baseline method captured a broad range of fluctuations in beta band neural activity and demonstrated that subthalamic neurostimulation shortened burst durations in a dose (intensity) dependent manner, suggesting that beta burst duration is a useful control variable for closed loop algorithms.", "authors": [ "Anderson, R W", "Kehnemouyi, Y M", "Neuville, R S", "Wilkins, K B", "Anidi, C M", "Petrucci, M N", "Parker, J E", "Velisar, A", "Bront\u00eb-Stewart, H M" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108811", "keywords": [ "N Parkinson\u2019s disease", "N Deep brain stimulation", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Local field potentials", "D052061 Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Burst durations", "N Thresholding", "N Beta fluctuations" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "108811", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1872-678X", "publisher": "Elsevier", "sjr": 0.791, "snip": 0.87, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Journal of neuroscience methods" }, "publication_date": "2020-06-18", "selected": false, "title": "A novel method for calculating beta band burst durations in Parkinson's disease using a physiological baseline.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The electroencephalogram (EEG) of schizophrenia patients is known to exhibit a reduction of signal-to-noise ratio and of phase locking, as well as a facilitation of excitability, in response to a variety of external stimuli. Here, we demonstrate these effects in transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-evoked potentials and in the resting-state EEG. To ensure veracity, we used 3 weekly sessions and analyzed both resting-state and TMS-EEG data. For the TMS responses, our analysis verifies known results. For the resting state, we introduce the methodology of mean-normalized variation to the EEG analysis (quartile-based coefficient of variation), which allows for a comparison of narrow-band EEG amplitude fluctuations to narrow-band Gaussian noise. This reveals that amplitude fluctuations in the delta, alpha, and beta bands of healthy controls are different from those in schizophrenia patients, on time scales of tens of seconds. We conclude that the EEG-measured cortical activity patterns of schizophrenia patients are more similar to noise, both in alpha- and beta-resting state and in TMS responses. Our results suggest that the ability of neuronal populations to form stable, locally, and temporally correlated activity is reduced in schizophrenia, a conclusion, that is, in accord with previous experiments on TMS-EEG and on resting-state EEG.", "authors": [ "Freche, Dominik", "Naim-Feil, Jodie", "Hess, Shmuel", "Peled, Avraham", "Grinshpoon, Alexander", "Moses, Elisha", "Levit-Binnun, Nava" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1093/texcom/tgaa013", "keywords": [ "N resting-state EEG", "N TMS-EEG", "N schizophrenia", "#text", "N noise hypothesis", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "tgaa013", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": null, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2632-7376", "publisher": null, "sjr": null, "snip": null, "subject_areas": [], "title": "Cerebral cortex communications" }, "publication_date": "2020-05-04", "selected": false, "title": "Phase-Amplitude Markers of Synchrony and Noise: A Resting-State and TMS-EEG Study of Schizophrenia.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Cortical facilitation assessed with triad conditioning transcranial magnetic stimulation has been termed triad-conditioned facilitation (TCF). TCF has been supposed to reflect increased intracortical facilitation (ICF) at short interstimulus intervals (ISI) around 10\u00c2 ms and an intrinsic rhythm of the motor cortex at longer ISI around 25\u00c2 ms. To gain further insight into the pathophysiological mechanism of TCF, we systematically studied the effect of suprathreshold conditioning stimulus (CS) and test stimulus (TS) intensity on TCF. Various CS intensities and TS intensities were used in a triad-conditioning paradigm that was applied to 11 healthy subjects. ISI between pulses were studied between 5 and 200\u00c2 ms. TCF at 10\u00c2 ms ISI enhanced with increasing CS intensity but decreased with increasing TS intensity. The duration of facilitation was longer with higher CS intensity. However, TCF at 25\u00c2 ms ISI could not be elicited with none of the CS and TS intensities addressed here. Our results are consistent with the notion of TCF at short ISI reflecting ICF. The enhanced and prolonged facilitation with increase of CS without additional isolated facilitation at longer ISI suggest a prolongation of ICF. \u00c2\u00a9 2020, The Author(s).", "authors": [ "Hassan, Shady Safwat", "Trenado, Carlos", "Rageh, Tarek Ali", "Schnitzler, Alfons", "Groiss, Stefan Jun" ], "categories": null, "citations": 1, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1007/s00221-020-05812-z", "keywords": [ "N Interstimulus intervals (ISI)", "N Triad-conditioning facilitation (TCF)", "N Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)", "N Conditioning stimulus (CS)", "N Test stimulus (TS)", "#text", "N Motor-evoked potentials (MEP)", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": 5, "pages": "1305-1309", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1432-1106", "publisher": "Springer Verlag", "sjr": 0.662, "snip": 0.85, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Experimental brain research" }, "publication_date": "2020-04-22", "selected": false, "title": "Effect of conditioning and test stimulus intensity on cortical excitability using triad-conditioning transcranial magnetic stimulation.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85083809017&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Transcranial Direct brain stimulation (tDCS) is commonly used in order to modulate cortical networks activity during physiological processes through the application of weak electrical fields with scalp electrodes. Cathodal stimulation has been shown to decrease brain excitability in the context of epilepsy, with variable success. However, the cellular mechanisms responsible for the acute and the long-lasting effect of tDCS remain elusive. Using a novel approach of computational modeling that combines detailed but functionally integrated neurons we built a physiologically-based thalamocortical column. This model comprises 10,000 individual neurons made of pyramidal cells, and 3 types of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) -ergic cells (VIP, PV, and SST) respecting the anatomy, layers, projection, connectivity and neurites orientation. Simulating realistic electric fields in term of intensity, main results showed that 1) tDCS effects are best explained by modulation of the presynaptic probability of release 2) tDCS affects the dynamic of cortical network only if a sufficient number of neurons are modulated 3)VIP GABAergic interneurons of the superficial layer of the cortex are especially affected by tDCS 4) Long lasting effect depends on glutamatergic synaptic plasticity.", "authors": [ "Denoyer, Yves", "Merlet, Isabelle", "Wendling, Fabrice", "Benquet, Pascal" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1007/s10827-020-00745-6", "keywords": [ "N Computational modeling", "N Plasticity", "N tDCS", "N Epilepsy cortex", "#text", "N Neuromodulation", "N BCM", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": 16, "pages": "161-176", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 2.3, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1573-6873", "publisher": "Springer Netherlands", "sjr": 0.38, "snip": 0.696, "subject_areas": [ "Cognitive Neuroscience", "Sensory Systems", "Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience" ], "title": "Journal of computational neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2020-04-19", "selected": false, "title": "Modelling acute and lasting effects of tDCS on epileptic activity.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND Preoperative thalamic targeting methods have historically relied on indirect targeting techniques that do not fully account for variances in anatomy or for thalamic atrophy in epilepsy. We aimed to address variability noted between traditional indirect targeting and direct targeting methods for the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT).\nMETHODS Fifteen consecutive patients undergoing ANT deep brain stimulator placement were evaluated (30 thalamic nuclei). Direct ANT targeting was performed using a fast gray matter acquisition T1 inversion recovery sequence and compared with standard stereotactic coordinates. Thalamic volumes were calculated for each patient, and degree of thalamic volume loss was assessed compared with matched control subjects. Vertex analysis was performed to assess shape changes in the thalamus compared with age- and sex-matched subjects.\nRESULTS There was significant variation between direct and indirect targets in the y-axis and z-axis on both sides. On the left, the direct target was located at y\u00a0= 2 \u00b1\u00a01.3 mm and z\u00a0= 9.3 \u00b1 1.8 mm (both P\u00a0= 0.02). On the right, the direct target was located at y\u00a0= 2.9 \u00b1 1.8 mm and z\u00a0= 9.2 \u00b1 2 mm (both P \u2264 0.0003). There was no significant difference in the x-coordinate on either side (P > 0.5). Additionally, there was a correlation between thalamic volume and difference between direct and indirect targets in the y-axis and the z-axis.\nCONCLUSIONS We showed a significant difference in direct and indirect targeting in the y-axis and z-axis when targeting the ANT for deep brain stimulation for epilepsy. This difference is correlated to thalamic volume, with a larger difference noted in patients with thalamic atrophy.", "authors": [ "Grewal, Sanjeet S", "Middlebrooks, Erik H", "Okromelidze, Lela", "Gosden, Grant P", "Tatum, William O", "Lundstrom, Brian N", "Worrell, Gregory A", "Wharen, Robert E", "Van Gompel, Jamie J" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.wneu.2020.03.107", "keywords": [ "N ANT", "N Deep brain stimulation", "#text", "N Direct targeting", "N Anterior nucleus thalamus", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "e70-e77", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1878-8769", "publisher": "Elsevier Inc.", "sjr": 0.591, "snip": 1.032, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "World neurosurgery" }, "publication_date": "2020-04-14", "selected": false, "title": "Variability Between Direct and Indirect Targeting of the Anterior Nucleus of the Thalamus.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Deep brain stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT-DBS) is effective in treating temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and protects hippocampal neurons. Autophagy plays an essential role in epileptogenesis; however, the underlying effect of autophagy on ANT-DBS-mediated neuroprotection remains unclear. A monkey model of epilepsy was established by injecting kainic acid into the hippocampus and amygdala using a robot-assisted system. ANT-DBS was delivered in the chronic stage of the epileptic model and continued for 8 weeks. We found that ANT-DBS reduced the frequency of seizures and exerted neuroprotective effects via activating autophagy in hippocampal neurons. ANT-DBS increased light chain 3 (LC3) II level and co-localization of LC3 and lysosomal-associated membrane protein-1, accompanied by decreased expression of the autophagy substrate ubiquitin-binding protein p62, suggesting increased autophagosome formation. Most importantly, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) -tropomyosin-related kinase type B (TrkB) pathway were involved in the regulation of autophagy. Both protein levels were reduced by ANT-DBS, and there was less phosphorylation of downstream regulators, extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Akt, followed by inactivation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1. Taken together, chronic ANT-DBS exerts neuroprotective effects on hippocampal neurons through inducing autophagy via suppressing the BDNF-TrkB pathway in a TLE monkey model.", "authors": [ "Du, Ting-Ting", "Zhu, Guanyu", "Chen, Yingchuan", "Shi, Lin", "Liu, Defeng", "Liu, Yuye", "Zhang, Xin", "Zhang, Jianguo" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.18632/aging.103026", "keywords": [ "N epilepsy", "D016428 Journal Article", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N anterior thalamic nuclei", "N autophagy", "N brain-derived neurotrophic factor", "N deep brain stimulation" ], "number_of_pages": 16, "pages": "6324-6339", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 9.3, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1945-4589", "publisher": "Impact Journals LLC", "sjr": 1.2, "snip": 0.942, "subject_areas": [ "Cell Biology", "Aging" ], "title": "Aging" }, "publication_date": "2020-04-08", "selected": false, "title": "Anterior thalamic nucleus stimulation protects hippocampal neurons by activating autophagy in epileptic monkeys.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Stroke affects 33 million individuals worldwide every year and is one of the prime causes of paralysis. Due to partial or full paralysis, most of the patients affected by stroke depend on caregivers for the rest of their lives. Easy and efficient communication from the patient to the caregiver is a vital parameter determining the quality of life during rehabilitation. Several solutions, such as brain-computer interface (BCI) systems and exoskeletons, are proposed for post-stroke rehabilitation. But, most of these devices are expensive, sophisticated, and put an additional burden on the patient. Also, the communication between the patient and the caregiver is insecure. In this article, the brain-to-brain interface technique is integrated with an efficient encryption algorithm to enable secure transmission of information from the patient's brain to the caregiver. When a patient thinks of a word or a number, the thought is transmitted with the help of an electroencephalogram (EEG) headset through a wireless medium to the recipient, who correctly interprets the thoughts conveyed by the sender and types the same alphabet on the keyboard at his/her end. The transmitted message at the edge is encrypted with a lightweight novel tiny symmetric algorithm (NTSA), which can only be decrypted at the edge receiver. The Internet of Things integrated system is also flexible to send signals to multiple caregivers at the same time. The proposed method tested on ten users gave an average effective concentration percentage of 78.9% along with the secure transmission, which is a significant result compared with existing solutions. \u00c2\u00a9 2014 IEEE.", "authors": [ "Rajesh, S.", "Paul, V.", "Menon, V.G.", "Jacob, S.", "Vinod, P." ], "categories": null, "citations": 19, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus" ], "doi": "10.1109/JIOT.2019.2951405", "keywords": [ "electroencephalogram (EEG)", "TMS", "security and privacy", "edge computing", "Internet of Things", "post-stroke paralysis", "Brain-to-brain interface", "secure communication" ], "number_of_pages": 8, "pages": "2531-2538", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": null, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": null, "publisher": null, "sjr": null, "snip": null, "subject_areas": [], "title": "IEEE Internet of Things Journal" }, "publication_date": "2020-04-01", "selected": false, "title": "Secure Brain-to-Brain Communication With Edge Computing for Assisting Post-Stroke Paralyzed Patients", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85083732116&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Excitatory-inhibitory imbalance is central to epilepsy pathophysiology. Current surgical therapies for epilepsy, such as brain resection, laser ablation, and neurostimulation, target epileptic networks on macroscopic scales, without directly correcting the circuit-level aberrations responsible for seizures. The transplantation of inhibitory cortical interneurons represents a novel neurobiological method for modifying recipient neural circuits in a physiologically corrective manner. Transplanted immature interneurons have been found to disperse in the recipient brain parenchyma, where they develop elaborate structural morphologies, express histochemical markers of mature interneurons, and form functional inhibitory synapses onto recipient neurons. Transplanted interneurons also augment synaptic inhibition and alter recipient neural network synchrony, two physiological processes disrupted in various epilepsies. In rodent models of epilepsy, interneuron transplantation corrects recipient seizure phenotypes and associated behavioral abnormalities. As such, interneuron transplantation may represent a novel neurobiological approach to the surgical treatment of human epilepsy. Here, the authors describe the preclinical basis for applying interneuron transplantation to human epilepsy, discuss its potential clinical applications, and consider the translational hurdles to its development as a surgical therapy. \u00c2\u00a9 AANS 2020.", "authors": [ "Harward, Stephen C", "Southwell, Derek G" ], "categories": null, "citations": 5, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.3171/2020.2.FOCUS19955", "keywords": [ "N epilepsy", "N TLE = temporal lobe epilepsy", "N regenerative medicine", "N MGE = medial ganglionic eminence", "N interneuron transplantation", "#text", "N CGE = caudal ganglionic eminence", "N MTLE = mesial temporal lobe epilepsy", "N inhibition", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "E18", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1092-0684", "publisher": "American Association of Neurological Surgeons", "sjr": 1.188, "snip": 1.723, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "Neurosurgical focus" }, "publication_date": "2020-04-01", "selected": false, "title": "Interneuron transplantation: a prospective surgical therapy for medically refractory epilepsy.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85082732079&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND BACKGROUND Chronic stimulation of the thalamus is a surgical option in the management of intractable Holmes tremor. Patients with deep brain stimulation (DBS) can encounter infection as a postoperative complication, necessitating explantation of the hardware. Some studies have reported on the technique and the resulting efficacy of therapeutic lesioning through implanted DBS leads before their explantation.\nCASE DESCRIPTION METHODS We report the case of a patient with Holmes tremor who had stable control of symptoms with DBS of the nucleus ventralis intermedius of the thalamus (VIM) but developed localized infection over the extension at the neck, followed by gradual loss of a therapeutic effect as the neurostimulator reached the end of its service life. Three courses of systemic antibiotic therapy failed to control the infection. After careful consideration, we decided to make a rescue lesion through the implanted lead in the right VIM before explanting the complete DBS hardware. The tremor was well controlled after the rescue lesion procedure, and the effect was sustained during a 2-year follow-up period.\nCONCLUSION CONCLUSIONS This case and the previously discussed ones from the literature demonstrate that making a rescue lesion through the DBS lead can be the last plausible option in cases where the DBS system has to be explanted because of an infection and reimplantation is a remote possibility.", "authors": [ "Razmkon, Ali", "Yousefi, Omid", "Vaidyanathan, Janardan" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1159/000506083", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "D016428 Journal Article", "D016454 Review", "N Holmes tremor", "N Lesioning", "N Rescue thalamotomy", "D002363 Case Reports" ], "number_of_pages": 6, "pages": "136-141", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1423-0372", "publisher": "S. Karger AG", "sjr": 0.446, "snip": 0.767, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery" }, "publication_date": "2020-03-25", "selected": false, "title": "Using Preimplanted Deep Brain Stimulation Electrodes for Rescue Thalamotomy in a Case of Holmes Tremor: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVES Tourette syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder commonly associated with involuntary movements, or tics. We currently lack an ideal animal model for Tourette syndrome. In humans, clinical manifestation of tics cannot be captured via functional imaging due to motion artefacts and limited temporal resolution, and electrophysiological studies have been limited to the intraoperative environment. The goal of this study was to identify electrophysiological signals in the centromedian (CM) thalamic nucleus and primary motor (M1) cortex that differentiate tics from voluntary movements.\nMETHODS The data were collected as part of a larger National Institutes of Health-sponsored clinical trial. Four participants (two males, two females) underwent monthly clinical visits for collection of physiology for a total of 6 months. Participants were implanted with bilateral CM thalamic macroelectrodes and M1 subdural electrodes that were connected to two neurostimulators, both with sensing capabilities. MRI scans were performed preoperatively and CT scans postoperatively for localisation of electrodes. Electrophysiological recordings were collected at each visit from both the cortical and subcortical implants.\nRESULTS Recordings collected from the CM thalamic nucleus revealed a low-frequency power (3-10 Hz) increase that was time-locked to the onset of involuntary tics but was not present during voluntary movements. Cortical recordings revealed beta power decrease in M1 that was present during tics and voluntary movements.\nCONCLUSION We conclude that a human physiological signal was detected from the CM thalamus that differentiated tic from voluntary movement, and this physiological feature could potentially guide the development of neuromodulation therapies for Tourette syndrome that could use a closed-loop-based approach.", "authors": [ "Cagle, Jackson N", "Okun, Michael S", "Opri, Enrico", "Cernera, Stephanie", "Molina, Rene", "Foote, Kelly D", "Gunduz, Aysegul" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1136/jnnp-2019-321973", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 7, "pages": "533-539", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 15.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1468-330X", "publisher": "BMJ Publishing Group", "sjr": 3.178, "snip": 2.878, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Surgery" ], "title": "Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry" }, "publication_date": "2020-03-05", "selected": false, "title": "Differentiating tic electrophysiology from voluntary movement in the human thalamocortical circuit.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND Non-convulsive neurostimulation is a rapidly-developing alternative to traditional treatment approaches in depression. Modalities such as repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS), transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), Vagal Nerve Stimulation (VNS) and Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) are now recognized as potential treatments. How non-convulsive neurostimulation interventions impact the neurohormonal and neuroimmune changes that accompany depression remains relatively unknown. If this type of intervention can drive endocrine, immune, as well symptom changes in depression, non-convulsive neurostimulation may represent a viable, multi-faceted treatment approach in depression. We were therefore interested to understand the state of the literature in this developing area.\nMETHODS A systematic review of all studies that examined the impact of non-convulsive neurostimulation interventions on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and immune function in the form of cytokine production in depression.\nRESULTS We identified 15 human studies, 9 that examined rTMS, 2 that examined tDCS, 2 that examined VNS and 2 that examined electroacupuncture. 11 animal studies were also identified, 3 that examined rTMS, 2 that examined DBS and 6 that examined electroacupuncture. All types of non-convulsive neurostimulation were able to revert the increases in cortisol, ACTH and other components of the HPA axis that are seen in depressed patients, as well as to modulate the levels of key cytokines known to be up-regulated in depression, such as IL-1\u03b2, IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1. Changes in the HPA axis and levels of cytokines in response to non-convulsive neurostimulation often did not correlate with change in depressive symptoms. Most studies were not controlled trials and thus, significant methodologic variability existed. Furthermore, many human studies lacked a sham stimulation comparator arm. We were unable to conduct relevant meta-analyses due to the design heterogeneities, heterogeneity in the reported outcome measures and the limited number of studies retrieved. Animal studies generally supported the findings of those in human, but again, significant variability in methodology and study design were evident.\nCONCLUSIONS Non-convulsive neurostimulation interventions show promise in their ability to alter the endocrine and immune disturbances that accompany depression. Further research, which includes blinded, sham-controlled comparator designs is required.", "authors": [ "Perrin, Andrew J", "Pariante, Carmine M" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.bbi.2020.02.016", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "N Treatment", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "D016454 Review", "N Neurostimulation", "N Cytokines", "N Inflammation", "N Depression", "N HPA axis", "D017418 Meta-Analysis", "D000078182 Systematic Review" ], "number_of_pages": 11, "pages": "910-920", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 24.3, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1090-2139", "publisher": "Academic Press Inc.", "sjr": 3.033, "snip": 2.324, "subject_areas": [ "Endocrine and Autonomic Systems", "Behavioral Neuroscience", "Immunology" ], "title": "Brain, behavior, and immunity" }, "publication_date": "2020-02-29", "selected": false, "title": "Endocrine and immune effects of non-convulsive neurostimulation in depression: A systematic review.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Sensory perception can be modulated by the phase of neural oscillations, especially in the theta and alpha ranges. Oscillatory activity in the visual cortex can be entrained by transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) as well as periodic visual stimulation (i.e., flicker). Combined tACS and visual flicker stimulation modulates BOLD response, and concurrent 4-Hz auditory click train, and tACS modulate auditory perception in a phase-dependent way. In this study, we investigated whether phase synchrony between concurrent tACS and periodic visual stimulation (i.e., flicker) can modulate performance on a visual matching task. Participants completed a visual matching task on a flickering visual stimulus while receiving either in-phase (0\u00c2\u00b0) or asynchronous (180\u00c2\u00b0, 90\u00c2\u00b0, or 270\u00c2\u00b0) tACS at alpha or theta frequency. Stimulation was applied over either occipital cortex or dorsolateral pFC. Visual performance was significantly better during theta frequency tACS over the visual cortex when it was in-phase (0\u00c2\u00b0) with visual stimulus flicker, compared with antiphase (180\u00c2\u00b0). This effect did not appear with alpha frequency flicker or with dorsolateral pFC stimulation. Furthermore, a control sham group showed no effect. There were no significant performance differences among the asynchronous (180\u00c2\u00b0, 90\u00c2\u00b0, and 270\u00c2\u00b0) phase conditions. Extending previous studies on visual and auditory perception, our results support a crucial role of oscillatory phase in sensory perception and demonstrate a behaviorally relevant combination of visual flicker and tACS. The spatial and frequency specificity of our results have implications for research on the functional organization of perception. \u00c2\u00a9 2020 Massachusetts Institute of Technology.", "authors": [ "Somer, Elif", "Allen, John", "Brooks, Joseph L", "Buttrill, Vaughan", "Javadi, Amir-Homayoun" ], "categories": null, "citations": 5, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "ACM", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1162/jocn_a_01539", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 11, "pages": "1142-1152", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 4.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1530-8898", "publisher": "MIT Press Journals", "sjr": 1.311, "snip": 0.953, "subject_areas": [ "Cognitive Neuroscience" ], "title": "Journal of cognitive neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2020-02-04", "selected": false, "title": "Theta Phase-dependent Modulation of Perception by Concurrent Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation and Periodic Visual Stimulation.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85084187656&origin=inward", "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1162/jocn_a_01539" ] }, { "abstract": "In Parkinson's disease (PD), the thalamus plays an important role in pathogenesis and disease symptoms; however, the morphological changes in thalamic subnuclei have not been clearly investigated. And there are still many challenges in individual PD diagnosis, especially clinical condition evaluations. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on 131 PD patients and 69 healthy controls (HC), and the volumes of 25 thalamic subnuclei were evaluated by FreeSurfer and a newly developed thalamus segment algorithm. Then, the individual PD diagnosis and clinical condition prediction were conducted on support vector machines (SVM) classification or regression. The bilateral thalami were enlarged; the volumes of 21 of 25 left thalamic subnuclei and 20 of 25 right thalamic subnuclei were increased, accompanied by 2 left nuclei atrophy. An accuracy of 95% with sensitivity of 97.44%, and specificity of 90.48% was achieved in PD diagnosis. United Parkinson's disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) III, limb bradykinesia, and axial akinetic symptoms score prediction were obtained with Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.5497, 0.5382, and 0.5911, respectively; however, the results of tremor, rigidity, and speech prediction were limited. Finally, accuracies of 76.92% were achieved in the UPDRS III improvement prediction. These findings confirmed that numerous left and right thalamic subnuclei were enlarged, accompanied by a few atrophies. The individual PD diagnosis, symptom, and clinical improvement prediction could be achieved based on morphology of thalamic subnuclei via machine learning.", "authors": [ "Chen, Yingchuan", "Zhu, Guanyu", "Liu, Defeng", "Liu, Yuye", "Yuan, Tianshuo", "Zhang, Xin", "Jiang, Yin", "Du, Tingting", "Zhang, Jianguo" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.jns.2020.116721", "keywords": [ "N Parkinson's disease", "N Machine learning", "N Morphology", "#text", "N Thalamic subnuclei", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "116721", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1878-5883", "publisher": "Elsevier", "sjr": 0.983, "snip": 1.128, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Journal of the neurological sciences" }, "publication_date": "2020-02-03", "selected": false, "title": "The morphology of thalamic subnuclei in Parkinson's disease and the effects of machine learning on disease diagnosis and clinical evaluation.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been considered for patients with intractable pain syndromes since the 1950s. Although there is substantial experience reported in the literature, the indications are contested, especially in the United States where it remains off-label. Historically, the sensory-discriminative pain pathways were targeted. More recently, modulation of the affective sphere of pain has emerged as a plausible alternative.\nOBJECTIVE To systematically review the literature from studies that used contemporary DBS technology. Our aim is to summarize the current evidence of this therapy.\nMETHODS A systematic search was conducted in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane libraries through July 2017 to review all studies using the current DBS technology primarily for pain treatment. Study characteristics including patient demographics, surgical technique, outcomes, and complications were collected.\nRESULTS Twenty-two articles were included in this review. In total, 228 patients were implanted with a definitive DBS system for pain. The most common targets used were periaqueductal/periventricular gray matter region, ventral posterior lateral/posterior medial thalamus, or both. Poststroke pain, phantom limb pain, and brachial plexus injury were the most common specific indications for DBS. Outcomes varied between studies and across chronic pain diagnoses. Two different groups of investigators targeting the affective sphere of pain have demonstrated improvements in quality of life measures without significant reductions in pain scores.\nCONCLUSION DBS outcomes for chronic pain are heterogeneous thus far. Future studies may focus on specific pain diagnosis rather than multiple syndromes and consider randomized placebo-controlled designs. DBS targeting the affective sphere of pain seems promising and deserves further investigation.", "authors": [ "Frizon, Leonardo A", "Yamamoto, Erin A", "Nagel, Sean J", "Simonson, Marian T", "Hogue, Olivia", "Machado, Andre G" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1093/neuros/nyy552", "keywords": [ "N Pain management", "N Deep brain stimulation", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Neurosurgical procedures", "N Chronic pain", "N Review", "N Pain", "D000078182 Systematic Review" ], "number_of_pages": 12, "pages": "191-202", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1524-4040", "publisher": "Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications", "sjr": 1.221, "snip": 2.325, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "Neurosurgery" }, "publication_date": "2020-02-01", "selected": false, "title": "Deep Brain Stimulation for Pain in the Modern Era: A Systematic Review.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Reductions in the alertness and information processing capacity of individuals due to sleep deprivation (SD) were previously thought to be related to dysfunction of the thalamocortical network. Previous studies have shown that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can restore vigilance and information processing after SD. However, the underlying neural mechanisms of this phenomenon remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the neurocognitive mechanisms of tDCS following SD, by comparing changes in the brain network, especially the thalamocortical network, after tDCS and sham stimulation following 24\u00a0h of SD. Sixteen healthy volunteers were tested in a sham-controlled, randomized crossover design experiment. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was conducted during resting wakefulness and again after either active tDCS or sham stimulation to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (1.0\u00a0mA, 20\u00a0min) immediately following 24\u00a0h of SD. Seed-based correlations and graph theory analysis were used to determine functional connectivity within the brain thalamocortical network. When tDCS was used, the functional connectivity of the thalamus with the temporal lobe and left caudate was higher than that when the sham stimulation was used. Analysis using graph theory showed that compared with sham stimulation, tDCS administration was associated with a significant improvement in not only the number of connections but also the global efficiency of the thalamus itself. Our study reveals a modulation of the activity of the intrinsic thalamus networks after tDCS. The effects may help explain earlier reports of improvements in the cognitive performance after anodal-tDCS.", "authors": [ "Dalong, Guo", "Jiyuan, Li", "Ying, Zhang", "Lei, Zha", "Yanhong, Hou", "Yongcong, Shao" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1007/s11682-018-9979-9", "keywords": [ "@UI", "N Transcranial direct current stimulation", "N Resting-state fMRI", "N Functional connectivity", "N Graph theory", "N Sleep deprivation", "#text" ], "number_of_pages": 11, "pages": "278-288", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.2, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1931-7565", "publisher": "Springer New York", "sjr": 1.002, "snip": 1.07, "subject_areas": [ "Cognitive Neuroscience", "Behavioral Neuroscience", "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Neurology", "Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging", "Neurology (clinical)", "Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience" ], "title": "Brain imaging and behavior" }, "publication_date": "2020-02-01", "selected": false, "title": "Transcranial direct current stimulation reconstructs diminished thalamocortical connectivity during prolonged resting wakefulness: a resting-state fMRI pilot study.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Basal ganglia (BG) has been demonstrated to play the role of modulation for absence seizure generated in the corticothalamic (CT) circuit. But it is unknown what the principle of modulation is and how to improve the modulation if BG fails to hold back the absence seizures. Although neurostimulation has been surgically employed to improve the clinical symptom of patients with epilepsy, the mechanism underlying the neurostimulation regulation is still unclear. In addition, it is not clear what sort of the spatiotemporal patterned stimulation protocols can effectively abate absence seizures with less side effect and energy consumption. Here, we address these issues on the previously proposed BG-CT model. In particular, we develop a reduced corticothalamic (RCT) moldel by viewing BG as a 2I:3O feedback modulator. By calculating the mean firing rate (MFR) and triggering mean firing rate (TMFR), we find that absence seizures can be induced or abated using the neurostimulations through driving the MFRs of the related neurons to fall into or be kicked out of the regions bounded by the TMFRs. In particular, closed-loop m:n ON-OFF anodic-cathodic-cathodic (ACC) triphase coordinated resetting stimulation (CRS) applied on the CT circuit and designed with the TMFR of subthalamic nucleus (STN) in BG could achieve the satisfying abatement effects of absence seizures with the least current consumption.", "authors": [ "Fan, Denggui", "Wang, Qingyun" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1109/TNSRE.2020.2969426", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 10, "pages": "581-590", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 8.8, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1558-0210", "publisher": "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.", "sjr": 1.26, "snip": 1.675, "subject_areas": [ "Rehabilitation", "Biomedical Engineering", "Internal Medicine", "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society" }, "publication_date": "2020-01-29", "selected": false, "title": "Closed-Loop Control of Absence Seizures Inspired by Feedback Modulation of Basal Ganglia to the Corticothalamic Circuit.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) is an effective therapy against medication-refractory motor complications in patients with Parkinson's disease. However, it remains difficult to predict which baseline patient characteristics are associated with quality of life (QoL) after surgery. The objective was to identify preoperative factors associated with QoL after STN DBS by systematically reviewing publications of sufficient methodological quality.\nMETHODS Main databases were systematically searched up to March 2019 to identify studies that investigated factors associated with QoL after STN DBS in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease.\nRESULTS In all, 869 studies were identified, of which 18 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Higher QoL after DBS appears to be associated with a large preoperative difference between ON and OFF motor function in some studies, although there was no clear association of severity of motor function or motor complications with postoperative QoL. Lower severity of dyskinesias was associated with greater postoperative QoL improvement but has been insufficiently studied. Higher baseline QoL was suggestive of higher postoperative QoL. Four studies suggested that older age at surgery is associated with a lower improvement, although six other studies reported no association. No or limited evidence was found for cognitive impairment or psychiatric dysfunction.\nCONCLUSION Various relative contraindications for STN DBS such as cognitive impairment and psychiatric dysfunction appear to be unrelated to postoperative QoL. However, the lack of clear correlations with disease-related variables suggests that QoL may be individually influenced by other factors, indicating that an ideal preoperative patient profile with regard to QoL improvement cannot be readily provided.", "authors": [ "Geraedts, V J", "Feleus, S", "Marinus, J", "van Hilten, J J", "Contarino, M F" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1111/ene.14147", "keywords": [ "N Parkinson\u2019s disease", "D016428 Journal Article", "N neurostimulation", "N quality of life", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N deep brain stimulation", "D000078182 Systematic Review" ], "number_of_pages": 10, "pages": "419-428", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 8.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1468-1331", "publisher": "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd", "sjr": 1.554, "snip": 1.61, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "European journal of neurology" }, "publication_date": "2020-01-24", "selected": false, "title": "What predicts quality of life after subthalamic deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease? A systematic review.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Despite growing interest, the causal mechanisms underlying human neural network dynamics remain elusive. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) allows to noninvasively probe neural excitability, while concurrent fMRI can log the induced activity propagation through connected network nodes. However, this approach ignores ongoing oscillatory fluctuations which strongly affect network excitability and concomitant behavior. Here, we show that concurrent TMS-EEG-fMRI enables precise and direct monitoring of causal dependencies between oscillatory states and signal propagation throughout cortico-subcortical networks. To demonstrate the utility of this multimodal triad, we assessed how pre-TMS EEG power fluctuations influenced motor network activations induced by subthreshold TMS to right dorsal premotor cortex. In participants with adequate motor network reactivity, strong pre-TMS alpha power reduced TMS-evoked hemodynamic activations throughout the bilateral cortico-subcortical motor system (including striatum and thalamus), suggesting shunted network connectivity. Concurrent TMS-EEG-fMRI opens an exciting noninvasive avenue of subject-tailored network research into dynamic cognitive circuits and their dysfunction. \u00c2\u00a9 2020, The Author(s).", "authors": [ "Peters, Judith C", "Reithler, Joel", "Graaf, Tom A de", "Schuhmann, Teresa", "Goebel, Rainer", "Sack, Alexander T" ], "categories": null, "citations": 37, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1038/s42003-020-0764-0", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "40", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2399-3642", "publisher": "Springer Nature", "sjr": 2.251, "snip": 1.359, "subject_areas": [ "Medicine (miscellaneous)", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences (all)", "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all)" ], "title": "Communications biology" }, "publication_date": "2020-01-22", "selected": false, "title": "Concurrent human TMS-EEG-fMRI enables monitoring of oscillatory brain state-dependent gating of cortico-subcortical network activity.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85078145235&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Group emotional dynamics are a central concern in the study of human interaction and communication. To study group emotions, the social context of a musical event in natural conditions may overcome several limits of laboratory experiments and could provide a suitable framework. This study aimed to evaluate if cultural events such as a conductor competition could welcome scientific research for the study of group emotional sharing. We led an observational study, which suggests that in this particular context, public, musicians and jury would agree to participate and to wear neurophysiological and physiological devices to monitor their emotional state during the competition. Self-administrated scales showed that, in the context of a musical competition, members of the public felt strong musical emotions such as music chills. Our results suggest that such a specific competition design is a suitable experimental model to lead an experiment under ecological conditions to effectively investigate collective emotional synchronization. In the future, with the implementation of an acquisition system recording synchronous neurophysiological data for a large group of participants, we may be able to highlight mechanisms involved in emotional synchronization in a natural musical setting.", "authors": [ "Chabin, Thibault", "Tio, Gr\u00e9gory", "Comte, Alexandre", "Joucla, Coralie", "Gabriel, Damien", "Pazart, Lionel" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02954", "keywords": [ "N emotional synchronization", "N hyperscanning methods", "#text", "N conductor competition", "N music", "N EEG", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "2954", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 4.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1664-1078", "publisher": "Frontiers Media S.A.", "sjr": 0.891, "snip": 1.422, "subject_areas": [ "Psychology (all)" ], "title": "Frontiers in psychology" }, "publication_date": "2020-01-17", "selected": false, "title": "The Relevance of a Conductor Competition for the Study of Emotional Synchronization Within and Between Groups in a Natural Musical Setting.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The clinical benefit of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson's disease (PD) is relevant to the tracts adjacent to the stimulation site, but it remains unclear what connectivity pattern is associated with effective DBS. The aim of this study was to identify clinically effective electrode contacts on the basis of brain connectivity markers derived from diffusion tensor tractography. We reviewed 77 PD patients who underwent bilateral subthalamic nucleus DBS surgery. The patients were assigned into the training (n = 58) and validation (n = 19) groups. According to the therapeutic window size, all contacts were classified into effective and ineffective groups. The whole-brain connectivity of each contact's volume of tissue activated was estimated using tractography with preoperative diffusion tensor data. Extracted connectivity features were put into an all-relevant feature selection procedure within cross-validation loops, to identify features with significant discriminative power for contact classification. A total of 616 contacts on 154 DBS leads were discriminated, with 388 and 228 contacts being classified as effective and ineffective ones, respectively. After the feature selection, the connectivity of contacts with the thalamus, pallidum, hippocampus, primary motor area, supplementary motor area and superior frontal gyrus was identified to significantly contribute to contact classification. Based on these relevant features, the random forest model constructed from the training group achieved an accuracy of 84.9% in the validation group, to discriminate effective contacts from the ineffective. Our findings advanced the understanding of the specific brain connectivity patterns associated with clinical effective electrode contacts, which potentially guided postoperative DBS programming.", "authors": [ "Lin, Hai", "Na, Peng", "Zhang, Doudou", "Liu, Jiali", "Cai, Xiaodong", "Li, Weiping" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1002/hbm.24927", "keywords": [ "N subthalamic nucleus", "N Parkinson's disease", "D016428 Journal Article", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N DBS programming", "N brain connectivity", "N deep brain stimulation" ], "number_of_pages": 9, "pages": "2028-2036", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 9.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1097-0193", "publisher": "Wiley-Liss Inc.", "sjr": 1.688, "snip": 1.395, "subject_areas": [ "Radiological and Ultrasound Technology", "Anatomy", "Neurology", "Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging", "Neurology (clinical)" ], "title": "Human brain mapping" }, "publication_date": "2020-01-17", "selected": false, "title": "Brain connectivity markers for the identification of effective contacts in subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Bursts of beta frequency band activity in the basal ganglia of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) are associated with impaired motor performance. Here we test in human adults whether small variations in the timing of movement relative to beta bursts have a critical effect on movement velocity and whether the cumulative effects of multiple beta bursts, both locally and across networks, matter. We recorded local field potentials from the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in 15 PD patients of both genders OFF-medication, during temporary lead externalization after deep brain stimulation surgery. Beta bursts were defined as periods exceeding the 75th percentile amplitude threshold. Subjects performed a visual cued joystick reaching task, with the visual cue being triggered in real time with different temporal relationships to bursts of STN beta activity. The velocity of actions made in response to cues prospectively triggered by STN beta bursts was slower than when responses were not time-locked to recent beta bursts. Importantly, slow movements were those that followed multiple bursts close to each other within a trial. In contrast, small differences in the delay between the last burst and movement onset had no significant impact on velocity. Moreover, when the overlap of bursts between the two STN was high, slowing was more pronounced. Our findings suggest that the cumulative, but recent, history of beta bursting, both locally and across basal ganglia networks, may impact on motor performance. Bursts of beta frequency band activity in the basal ganglia are associated with slowing of voluntary movement in patients with Parkinson's disease. We show that slow movements are those that follow multiple bursts close to each other and bursts that are coupled across regions. These results suggest that the cumulative, but recent, history of beta bursting, both locally and across basal ganglia networks, impacts on motor performance in this condition. The manipulation of burst dynamics may be a means of selectively improving motor impairment.", "authors": [ "Tinkhauser, Gerd", "Torrecillos, Flavie", "Pogosyan, Alek", "Mostofi, Abteen", "Bange, Manuel", "Fischer, Petra", "Tan, Huiling", "Hasegawa, Harutomo", "Glaser, Martin", "Muthuraman, Muthuraman", "Groppa, Sergiu", "Ashkan, Keyoumars", "Pereira, Erlick A", "Brown, Peter" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1975-19.2019", "keywords": [ "N Parkinson's disease", "D016428 Journal Article", "D003160 Comparative Study", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N beta oscillations", "N local field potentials" ], "number_of_pages": 10, "pages": "1571-1580", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 9.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1529-2401", "publisher": "Society for Neuroscience", "sjr": 2.35, "snip": 1.471, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2020-01-09", "selected": false, "title": "The Cumulative Effect of Transient Synchrony States on Motor Performance in Parkinson's Disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Deep brain stimulation (DBS) and Motor Cortex stimulation (MCS) have been used for control of chronic pain. Chronic pain of any origin is complex and difficult to treat. Stimulation of various areas in brain-like sensory thalamus, medial nuclei of thalamus including centro-lateral nucleus of thalamus (CL), periaqueductal gray, periventricular gray, nucleus accumbence and motor cortex provides partial relief in properly selected patients. This article reviews the pain pathways, theories of pain, targets for DBS and rationale of DBS and MCS. It also discusses the patient selection, technical details of each target.", "authors": [ "Senatus, Patrick", "Zurek, Sarah", "Deogaonkar, Milind" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.4103/0028-3886.302471", "keywords": [ "N periventricular gray", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Chronic pain", "N neurostimulation", "D016454 Review", "N thalamus", "N Motor cortex", "N neuromodulation", "N peri-aqueductal gray" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "S235-S240", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 1.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1998-4022", "publisher": "Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications", "sjr": 0.448, "snip": 0.764, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Neurology India" }, "publication_date": "2020-01-01", "selected": false, "title": "Deep Brain Stimulation and Motor Cortex Stimulation for Chronic Pain.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "There are no approved medications to treat the harmful use of cocaine1 relevant and complex public health problem, what generates demand for effective forms of biological treatment. The therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to reduce the consumption of psychoactive substances has been explored since 20032,3. In an integrative review published in 2019, it was found the existence of seven experimental studies that indicated, as a whole, beneficial effects of the use of the technique in user4. Since then, new studies of both experimental and observational studies have been published on the subject. In the studies, new outcomes were examined, such as sleep improvement, in an observational study, and hedonic dysregulation, in an experimental study. From these studies, a more suitable horizon for clinical application of rTMS in the treatment of cocaine addiction in public health is noted. AIMS: To present the results of studies evaluating the efficacy of rTMS in reducing cocaine use since the 2019 review4. METHOD: The study by Protasio et al.4 reports an integrative review of seven trials conducted from 2007 to 2016, which investigate the use of rTMS in individuals who abuse cocaine. In order to update research findings on the subject, the authors conducted an independent search for publications related to epidemiological studies from 2017 to the moment aimed to evaluate the use of rTMS for the treatment of individuals who abused cocaine use. The search was performed in PubMed/Medline and Google academic search systems, and the terms Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation AND Cocaine use disorder were used. The search on Google Scholar was considered until the 4th. a page for irrelevance to the theme in the two pages that followed (Figure. 1) RESULTS: Seven studies were found, four experimental and three observational. In two studies, irradiation was profound, and superficial in the others. Theta Burst stimulation was used in two studies. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was the target of choice in five studies. In one study, 2000 pulses were applied and in three, 2400 pulses per session; in one, 1200, and two others, 600 pulses or less. In six studies, a reduction in cocaine use was observed (Table 1). DISCUSSION: Considering that the rationale that stimulated the investigation of the use of TMS in the addition to cocaine was based on the hypothesis that TMS, by reducing craving, could reduce its use, it is perceived, in the last three years, an inflection in the understanding of this rationale. Evidence of the reduction of cocaine use with TMS treatment, increasingly robust, has added new elements to understanding the effectiveness of the technique. The improvement of hedonic dysfunction12 and sleep pattern9 of users undergoing treatment bring more positive directions for the investigation of this dyad, that is, reference: cocaine abuse \u00e2\u0080\u0093 intervention: TMS. The improvement of glutamatergic dysfunction, a key point in additions is already suggested13. The routine uses of rTMS for the treatment of individuals who abused cocaine use in assistance scenarios with good results makes it more important to continue studies for their routine implementation in public health. CONCLUSION: We believe that the present study fulfills the objective of updating data since the 2019 review and that these add to the other therapeutic interventions of rTMS, its use in the treatment of cocaine addiction. \u00c2\u00a9 2020, BAHIANA - School of Medicine and Public Health. All rights reserved.", "authors": [ "Protasio, M.I.B.", "da Silva, J.P.L." ], "categories": null, "citations": 0, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus" ], "doi": "10.17267/2238-2704RPF.V10I5.3581", "keywords": [ "Drugs", "Dependence", "RTMS", "Cocaine-related disorders", "Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation" ], "number_of_pages": 8, "pages": "23-30", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": null, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": null, "publisher": null, "sjr": null, "snip": null, "subject_areas": [], "title": "Revista Pesquisa em Fisioterapia" }, "publication_date": "2020-01-01", "selected": false, "title": "Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimultion (Rtms) in reducing cocaine use", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85107118410&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND BACKGROUND Absence epilepsy (AE) is a systemic disease of the brain, which mainly occurs during childhood and adolescence. The control mechanism is still unclear, and few theoretical studies have been conducted to investigate this.\nOBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE In this paper, we employed external direct voltage stimulation in the subthalamic nucleus to explore mechanisms that inhibit absence seizures.\nMETHODS METHODS All simulation results are obtained by the four-order Runge-Kutta method in the MATLAB environment. The inhibition mechanism can be inferred from the results.\nRESULTS RESULTS We found that the seizures may be inhibited by tuning the strength of the voltage to suitable ranges. This regulation may be achieved through the competition between the inhibitory projections from the basal ganglia to the thalamus.\nCONCLUSION CONCLUSIONS Because the mechanism underlying the treatment of epilepsy with a uniform direct current electric field is unclear, we hope that these results can inspire further experimental studies.", "authors": [ "Hu, Bing", "Wang, Dingjiang", "Shi, Qianqian" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.3233/THC-209025", "keywords": [ "N subthalamic nucleus", "#text", "N control", "N voltage", "N Absence seizure", "N network", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": 7, "pages": "245-251", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 2.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1878-7401", "publisher": "IOS Press BV", "sjr": 0.224, "snip": 0.467, "subject_areas": [ "Bioengineering", "Biophysics", "Information Systems", "Biomaterials", "Biomedical Engineering", "Health Informatics" ], "title": "Technology and health care : official journal of the European Society for Engineering and Medicine" }, "publication_date": "2020-01-01", "selected": false, "title": "The effect of external voltage stimulation on absence seizures.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND Speech disorders are among the most common adverse effects after subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. However, longitudinal speech changes after STN-DBS are not fully understood.\nOBJECTIVE We performed a two-year prospective study on PD patients who underwent STN-DBS and analyzed changes in speech function to clarify factors predicting for speech deterioration.\nMETHODS Twenty-five PD patients were assessed before and up to two years after STN implantation. Speech function was evaluated in the on-stimulation condition and 30\u200amin after stimulation cessation using auditory-perceptual assessment. Patients who experienced overall worsening in speech intelligibility or naturalness \u22651 point during follow-up were classified into a deteriorated group (n\u200a=\u200a16), with the remaining subjects being classified into a stable group (n\u200a=\u200a9). Cognitive and motor functions were also assessed.\nRESULTS The stable group had significantly better values of low volume, monoloudness, and asthenic voice subscores of the auditory-perceptual assessment in the on-stimulation condition compared with the off-stimulation condition. Imprecise consonants, excess loudness variation, and strained voice subscores were improved via cessation of stimulation in both groups. Before surgery, the deteriorated group had significantly lower scores in the Stroop Color-Word Test and Digit Span compared to the stable group.\nCONCLUSIONS During follow-up, some subscores showed significant worsening in the on-stimulation condition in both groups. However, beneficial effects of STN-DBS on speech appeared to counterbalance negative effects of STN-DBS on speech function only in the stable group. Worse cognitive function may be a potential predictor for speech deterioration after STN-DBS in PD patients.", "authors": [ "Tanaka, Yasuhiro", "Tsuboi, Takashi", "Watanabe, Hirohisa", "Nakatsubo, Daisuke", "Maesawa, Satoshi", "Kato, Sachiko", "Kajita, Yasukazu", "Sato, Maki", "Oodake, Reiko", "Hattori, Makoto", "Yamamoto, Masahiko", "Wakabayashi, Toshihiko", "Katsuno, Masahisa", "Sobue, Gen" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.3233/JPD-191798", "keywords": [ "N longitudinal change", "N Parkinson\u2019s disease", "N speech", "N subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation", "#text", "N voice", "@UI", "N dysarthria" ], "number_of_pages": 10, "pages": "131-140", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1877-718X", "publisher": "IOS Press BV", "sjr": 1.325, "snip": 1.258, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience" ], "title": "Journal of Parkinson's disease" }, "publication_date": "2020-01-01", "selected": false, "title": "Longitudinal Speech Change After Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease Patients: A 2-Year Prospective Study.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The use of neurostimulation for neuromodulation in the treatment of neurological disorders is gaining significant momentum. Responsive neurostimulation (RNS) is designed to continuously monitor intracranial EEG activity and then rapidly respond with high-frequency neurostimulation designed to \u00e2\u0080\u009cdisrupt\u00e2\u0080\u009d the network synchrony required for seizure progression and propagation. RNS has been applied in network-based pathologies, most widely in medically refractory epilepsy. Here, we describe the background and principles of responsive neurostimulation, its applications and outcomes in medically refractory epilepsy, surgical implantation technique, and neurostimulator programming. RNS is a powerful monitoring and therapeutic approach to gather chronic electrophysiological recording in disease states and study the effect of targeted stimulation. Further understanding of the biophysical principles of responsive neurostimulation will likely expand its indications in targets and pathologies. \u00c2\u00a9 Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.", "authors": [ "Gummadavelli, A.", "Quraishi, I.H.", "Gerrard, J.L." ], "categories": null, "citations": 0, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus" ], "doi": "10.1007/978-3-030-34906-6_12", "keywords": [ "Epilepsy", "RNS outcomes", "RNS", "Neuromodulation", "RNS mechanism", "Responsive neurostimulation", "Epilepsy Surgery" ], "number_of_pages": 29, "pages": "145-173", "publication": { "category": "Book", "cite_score": null, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": "9783030349066", "issn": null, "publisher": null, "sjr": null, "snip": null, "subject_areas": [], "title": "Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery: Principles and Applications" }, "publication_date": "2020-01-01", "selected": false, "title": "Responsive Neurostimulation", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85150096331&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of subthalamic nucleus (STN) and globus pallidus internus (GPi) deep brain stimulation (DBS) on reducing levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) in Parkinson's disease, and to explore the potential underlying mechanisms.\nMETHODS We retrospectively assessed clinical outcomes in 43 patients with preoperative LID who underwent DBS targeting the STN (20/43) or GPi (23/43). The primary clinical outcome was the change from baseline in the Unified Dyskinesia Rating Scale (UDysRS) and secondary outcomes included changes in the total daily levodopa equivalent dose, the drug-off Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale Part \u2162 at the last follow-up (median, 18\u00a0months), adverse effects, and programming settings. Correlation analysis was used to find potential associated factors that could be used to predict the efficacy of DBS for dyskinesia management.\nRESULTS Compared to baseline, both the STN group and the GPi group showed significant improvement in LID with 60.73\u00a0\u00b1\u00a040.29% (mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0standard deviation) and 93.78\u00a0\u00b1\u00a014.15% improvement, respectively, according to the UDysRS score. Furthermore, GPi-DBS provided greater clinical benefit in the improvement of dyskinesia (P\u00a0<\u00a00.05) compared to the STN. Compared to the GPi group, the levodopa equivalent dose reduction was greater in the STN group at the last follow-up (43.81% vs. 13.29%, P\u00a0<\u00a00.05). For the correlation analysis, the improvement in the UDysRS outcomes were significantly associated with a reduction in levodopa equivalent dose in the STN group (r\u00a0=\u00a00.543, P\u00a0=\u00a00.013), but not in the GPi group (r\u00a0=\u00a0-0.056, P\u00a0=\u00a00.801).\nINTERPRETATION Both STN and GPi-DBS have a beneficial effect on LID but GPi-DBS provided greater anti-dyskinetic effects. Dyskinesia suppression for STN-DBS may depend on the reduction of levodopa equivalent dose. Unlike the STN, GPi-DBS might exert a direct and independent anti-dyskinesia effect.", "authors": [ "Fan, Shi-Ying", "Wang, Kai-Liang", "Hu, Wei", "Eisinger, Robert S", "Han, Alexander", "Han, Chun-Lei", "Wang, Qiao", "Michitomo, Shimabukuro", "Zhang, Jian-Guo", "Wang, Feng", "Ramirez-Zamora, Adolfo", "Meng, Fan-Gang" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1002/acn3.50961", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 10, "pages": "59-68", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 8.8, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2328-9503", "publisher": "John Wiley & Sons Inc.", "sjr": 1.885, "snip": 1.383, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Annals of clinical and translational neurology" }, "publication_date": "2019-12-08", "selected": false, "title": "Pallidal versus subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation for levodopa-induced dyskinesia.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Several studies have investigated possible role of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in patients with disorder of consciousness (DOC). But the details of patients' brain responses to the rTMS are yet to be disclosed. The aim of the study is to explore the neural electrical responses of DOC patients to rTMS modulation. DOC Patients [14 vegetative state, seven minimally conscious state (MCS)] and healthy subjects were enrolled and received one session of rTMS. The TMS-electroencephalogram was recorded at before and immediately after rTMS stimulation. TMS-evoked potentials as well as TMS-evoked connectivity were proposed to capture the effective connectivity alteration induced by rTMS. Significant changes of TMS-evoked potential were found in the healthy group but not in DOC patients. TMS-evoked connectivity was significantly enhanced by the rTMS in healthy and MCS groups. In addition, the enhancement was positively correlated with patients' Coma Recovery Scale-Revised scores. Global synchrony of the TMS-evoked connectivity matrix significantly enhanced by rTMS in the control and MCS groups but not in vegetative state patients. Furthermore, after rTMS stimulation, the similarity of TMS-evoked connectivity patterns between pairwise patients was significantly raised in MCS patients. But no significant changes were found in vegetative state patients. TMS-evoked connectivity reveals that rTMS can effectively modulate effective connectivity of MCS patients, but no evidence of changes in vegetative state patients. \u00c2\u00a9 2019 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved.", "authors": [ "Xia, Xiaoyu", "Wang, Yong", "Li, Chen", "Li, Xiaoli", "He, Jianghong", "Bai, Yang" ], "categories": null, "citations": 14, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1097/WNR.0000000000001362", "keywords": [ "transcranial magnetic stimulation-electroencephalogram", "vegetative state", "minimally conscious state", "disorders of consciousness", "repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation" ], "number_of_pages": 9, "pages": "1307-1315", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1473-558X", "publisher": "Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Ltd.", "sjr": 0.426, "snip": 0.45, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Neuroreport" }, "publication_date": "2019-12-01", "selected": false, "title": "Transcranial magnetic stimulation-evoked connectivity reveals modulation effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on patients with disorders of consciousness.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85074742163&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND BACKGROUND Patients requiring deep brain stimulation (DBS) will undergo extensive preoperative and postoperative evaluations. However, the field lacks a robust scoring system for quantifying the outcomes of DBS surgery. We sought to determine whether a practical scale could assess the outcomes of DBS surgery and the clinical significance.\nMETHODS METHODS A retrospective study was performed of the data from 150 patients who had undergone DBS from February 2017 to February 2019. An independence analysis and multivariate testing were used to identify significant independent predictors. The scale scores were computed by summing across the weighted predictors. The correlation between the scale scores and the intraoperative electrophysiological signal length (IESL), DBS power-on voltage, improvement rate in the unified Parkinson disease rating scale (UPDRS) and UPDRS part III (UPDRS III) scores was analyzed. Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis was used to quantify the discriminative capacity of the scale for predicting the prognosis.\nRESULTS RESULTS Listwise exclusion of patients with incomplete data sets yielded a final sample of 130 patients with Parkinson disease who had undergone bilateral DBS. Multivariate testing identified 3 independent predictors of the prognosis, including electrode implantation duration, postoperative pneumocephalus volume, and electrode fusion error. The scale scores correlated significantly with the subthalamic nucleus DBS power-on voltage (r\u00a0=\u00a0-0.4063; P < 0.0001), globus pallidus internus DBS power-on voltage (r\u00a0=\u00a0-0.4723; P\u00a0= 0.0014), and improvement rate of the UPDRS (r\u00a0= 0.3490; P < 0.0001) and UPDRS III (r\u00a0= 0.6623; P < 0.0001) scores. However, the scale scores did not significantly correlate with the subthalamic nucleus IESL and globus pallidus internus IESL. Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis revealed impressive outcome discrimination for the UPDRS and UPDRS III scores (UPDRS: area under the curve, 0.62, P\u00a0= 0.0219; UPDRS III: area under the curve, 0.85, P < 0.0001).\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS We have introduced a novel practical scale capable of assessing the outcomes of DBS surgery and predicting the prognosis of patients after DBS surgery.", "authors": [ "Gong, Shun", "Tao, Yingqun", "Jin, Hai", "Sun, Xiao", "Liu, Yang", "Wang, Shimiao", "Xu, Menting", "Yang, Xingwang", "Wang, Yu", "Yuan, Lijia", "Song, Weilong" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.wneu.2019.11.117", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "N Multivariate regression testing", "#text", "N Assessment", "N Prognosis", "N Scale", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "e1121-e1129", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1878-8769", "publisher": "Elsevier Inc.", "sjr": 0.591, "snip": 1.032, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "World neurosurgery" }, "publication_date": "2019-11-28", "selected": false, "title": "Assessment of Deep Brain Stimulation Implantation Surgery: A Practical Scale.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "-8 -7 -5 -5 -8 -8 -6 Deep brain stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT-DBS) has been shown to be effective and safe in the long-term treatment of refractory epilepsy. However, the mechanisms by which ANT-DBS controls epilepsy at the gene expression level (e.g., which regulatory mechanisms are altered) is not well understood. Nine rats were randomly assigned to the control group, the kainic acid (KA) group, and the DBS group. Temporal lobe epilepsy in rats was induced by a stereotaxic KA injection (KA group). The DBS group received the KA injection followed by treatment with ANT-DBS. Video-electroencephalogram (EEG) was used to monitor seizures. Total RNA samples were isolated from the hippocampus of three groups. Microarray was used to detect differentially regulated mRNAs. GO and pathway analysis were performed to analyze the functional categories and affected pathways. qPCR was used to prove the reliability of the microarray results. The differentially expressed genes the KA group and the DBS group, relative to the control group, were screened and a total of 2910 genes were identified. These genes were involved in functional categories such as ion channel activity (P\u2009=\u20095.01\u2009\u00d7\u200910), gated channel activity (P\u2009=\u20091.42\u2009\u00d7\u200910), lipid binding (P\u2009=\u20094.97\u2009\u00d7\u200910), and hydrolase activity (P\u2009=\u20095.02\u2009\u00d7\u200910) and pathways such as calcium signaling pathway (P\u2009=\u20092.09\u2009\u00d7\u200910), glutamatergic synapse (P\u2009=\u20094.09\u2009\u00d7\u200910) and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway (P\u2009=\u20092.70\u2009\u00d7\u200910). Differentially expressed mRNAs might play a role in the pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy. Calcium signaling pathways, synaptic glutamate, and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway play a central role in normal-epilepsy-ANT-DBS treatment series. ANT-DBS achieves its antiepileptic effects by modulating target genes involved in a variety of functions and pathways.", "authors": [ "Liu, De-Feng", "Chen, Ying-Chuan", "Zhu, Guan-Yu", "Wang, Xiu", "Jiang, Yin", "Liu, Huan-Guang", "Zhang, Jian-Guo" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1007/s13760-019-01240-1", "keywords": [ "N Anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT)", "#text", "N Epilepsy", "N Microarray", "N Deep brain stimulation (DBS)", "@UI", "N Kainic acid (KA)" ], "number_of_pages": 10, "pages": "1361-1370", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2240-2993", "publisher": "Springer-Verlag Italia Srl", "sjr": 0.55, "snip": 0.931, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)" ], "title": "Acta neurologica Belgica" }, "publication_date": "2019-11-22", "selected": false, "title": "Effects of anterior thalamic nuclei stimulation on gene expression in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is considered standard of care for the treatment of medically refractory Parkinson disease (PD). The placement of brain electrodes is performed using contrast imaging to enhance blood vessel identification during stereotactic planning. We present our experience with a series of patients implanted using noncontrast imaging.\nMETHODS METHODS All cases of DBS surgery for PD performed between 2012 and 2018 with noncontrast imaging were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical features, postoperative imaging, and complications were analyzed.\nRESULTS RESULTS A total of 287 deep-seated electrodes were implanted in 152 patients. Leads were placed at the subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus internus in 258 and 29 hemispheres, respectively. We identified 2 cases of intracranial hemorrhage (0.7%).\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS DBS lead placement can be performed without the use of intravenous contrast with a postoperative intracranial hemorrhage rate comparable with other reported series.", "authors": [ "Cordeiro, Joacir Graciolli", "Diaz, Anthony", "Davis, Jenna Kylene", "Di Luca, Daniel Garbin", "Farooq, Ghulam", "Luca, Corneliu C", "Jagid, Jonathan Russell" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.wneu.2019.11.071", "keywords": [ "@UI", "N Hemorrhage", "N Parkinson disease (PD)", "N Safety", "N Contrast", "N Deep brain stimulation (DBS)", "#text" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "e1008-e1014", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1878-8769", "publisher": "Elsevier Inc.", "sjr": 0.591, "snip": 1.032, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "World neurosurgery" }, "publication_date": "2019-11-19", "selected": false, "title": "Safety of Noncontrast Imaging-Guided Deep Brain Stimulation Electrode Placement in Parkinson Disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cluster headache (CR) is the most severe human headache and is chronic in 10%-20% of patients, and 10% can become refractory to all effective drugs. In this scenario, surgical procedures are indicated: radiofrequencies of the sphenopalatine ganglion ipsilateral to pain (RF-SPG), bilateral stimulation of the occipital nerves (NOM-S) and deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ipsilateral posterior hypothalamus. The efficacy and safety of each of these procedures has been specifically analyzed, but the progress of a series of patients following this surgical route in order of aggressiveness has not been described.\nPATIENTS Patients with chronic and refractory CR according to the criteria of the European Headache Federation. The patients underwent RF-SPG, NOM-S sequentially if the previous procedure had been ineffective, and DBS if the previous procedure had been ineffective.\nRESULTS We prospectively included 44 patients between November 2003 and June 2018 with an average age of 38.3 years; 70% were men. The mean follow-up was 87.4 months. Nineteen patients responded to 74 procedures of RF-SPG (33.3%). Of the remaining 25 patients, a NOM-S device was implanted in 22, showing an efficacy of 50%. Finally, 9 patients underwent ECP of the ipsilateral lower-posterior hypothalamus with an efficacy of 88.8%. No serious complications were found following any of these 3 procedures.\nCONCLUSIONS The sequential application of these three surgical procedures succeeded in reversing the serious situation of chronic CR refractory to an episodic CR in 93% of patients with acceptable surgical morbidity.", "authors": [ "Belvis, Robert", "Rodr\u00edguez, Rodrigo", "Guasch, Marina", "\u00c1lvarez, Mar\u00eda Jes\u00fas", "Molet, Joan", "Roig, Carles" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.medcli.2019.03.023", "keywords": [ "@UI", "N Headache", "N Stimulation", "N Cl\u00faster", "N Cefalea", "N Radiofrequency", "N Cluster", "N Estimulaci\u00f3n", "N Radiofrecuencia", "#text" ], "number_of_pages": 5, "pages": "75-79", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 2.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1578-8989", "publisher": "Ediciones Doyma, S.L.", "sjr": 0.347, "snip": 0.526, "subject_areas": [ "Medicine (all)" ], "title": "Medicina clinica" }, "publication_date": "2019-11-18", "selected": false, "title": "Efficacy and safety of surgical treatment of cluster headache.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) is emerging as a robust treatment alternative for major depressive disorder, with a potential for achieving higher remission rates by providing targeted stimulation to underlying brain networks, such as the salience network (SN). Growing evidence suggests that these therapeutic effects are dependent on the frequency and phase synchrony between SN oscillations and stimulation as well as the task-specific state of the SN during stimulation. However, the development of phase-synchronized non-invasive stimulation has proved challenging until recently. Here, we use a phase-locked pulsed brain stimulation approach to study the effects of two NIBS methods: transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) versus phase-locked transcranial pulsed current stimulation (tPCS), on the SN during an SN activating task. 20 healthy volunteers participated in the study. Each volunteer partook in four sessions, receiving one stimulation type at random (theta-tACS, peak tPCS, trough tPCS or sham) while undergoing a learning game, followed by an unstimulated test based on learned material. Each session lasted approximately 1.5 h, with an interval of at least 2 days to allow for washout and to avoid cross-over effects. Our results showed no statistically significant effect of stimulation on the event related potential (ERP) recordings, resting electroencephalogram (EEG), and the performance of the volunteers. While stimulation effects were not apparent in this study, the nominal performance of the phase-locking algorithm offers a technical foundation for further research in determining effective stimulation paradigms and conditions. Specifically, future work should investigate stronger stimulation and true task-specific stimulation of SN nodes responsible for the task as well as their recording. If refined, NIBS could offer an effective, homebased treatment option. \u00c2\u00a9 Copyright \u00c2\u00a9 2019 Mansouri, Shanbour, Mazza, Fettes, Zariffa and Downar.", "authors": [ "Mansouri, Farrokh", "Shanbour, Alaa", "Mazza, Frank", "Fettes, Peter", "Zariffa, Jos\u00e9", "Downar, Jonathan" ], "categories": null, "citations": 10, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.3389/fnins.2019.01181", "keywords": [ "N brain stimulation", "N transcranial alternating current stimulation", "@UI", "N phase-locked brain stimulation", "N transcranial electrical stimulation", "N salience network", "N closed-loop brain stimulation", "N transcranial pulsed current stimulation", "#text" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "1181", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.8, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1662-4548", "publisher": "Frontiers Media S.A.", "sjr": 1.161, "snip": 1.221, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Frontiers in neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2019-11-14", "selected": false, "title": "Effect of Theta Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation and Phase-Locked Transcranial Pulsed Current Stimulation on Learning and Cognitive Control.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85075966169&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Usually, cortical rhythmic activities are studied with local field potentials. To overcome small amplitude of EEGs easily disturbed by several factors, we developed a new method to study motor cortical rhythm using Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). We, here, review triad-conditioning TMS technique for investigating the intrinsic rhythm of the human primary motor cortex (M1). MEP was recorded from the first dorsal interosseous muscle (FDI). TMS was applied over the M1 to study its frequency dependency. In the intervention condition, the subthreshold, same intensity three conditioning stimuli separated by a certain interval were given prior to the supra-threshold test stimulus. In the control condition, the test stimulus was given alone. MEPs were compared between the two conditions. In healthy volunteers, triad-conditioning stimulus (TCS) at an interval of 25 ms induced MEP facilitation, whereas the other intervals TCS induced no facilitation. This frequency dependent facilitation may reflect some intrinsic rhythm of M1 (25 ms, i.e. 40 Hz). In cortical myoclonus, the 40 ms TCS induced facilitation whereas 25 ms TCS induced no facilitation, which is consistent with abnormal rhythm of M1 at 25 Hz (40 ms interval) reported previously. In Parkinson's disease (PD), 25 ms TCS evoked no facilitation. Triad-conditioning TMS may enable us to investigate the intrinsic rhythmic activity of M1 and its abnormality. \u00c2\u00a9 2019 Elsevier B.V. and Japan Neuroscience Society", "authors": [ "Hanajima, Ritsuko", "Ugawa, Yoshikazu" ], "categories": null, "citations": 2, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.neures.2019.11.005", "keywords": [ "N Parkinson\u2019s disease", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Beta rhythm", "N cortical myoclonus", "D016454 Review", "N motor cortex", "N gamma rhythm" ], "number_of_pages": 5, "pages": "245-249", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1872-8111", "publisher": "Elsevier Ireland Ltd", "sjr": 0.881, "snip": 0.699, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Neuroscience research" }, "publication_date": "2019-11-12", "selected": false, "title": "Triad TMS of the human motor cortex.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85076202019&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus is an effective and established therapy for patients with advanced Parkinson's disease improving quality of life, motor symptoms and non-motor symptoms. However, there is a considerable degree of interindividual variability for these outcomes, likely due to variability in electrode placement and stimulation settings. Here, we present probabilistic mapping data from a prospective, open-label, multicentre, international study to investigate the influence of the location of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation on non-motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease. A total of 91 Parkinson's disease patients undergoing bilateral deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus were included, and we investigated NMSScale, NMSQuestionnaire, Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's disease-motor examination, -activities of daily living, and -motor complications, and Parkinson's disease Questionnaire-8 preoperatively and at 6-month follow-up after surgery. Leads were localized in standard space using the Lead-DBS toolbox and individual volumes of tissue activated were calculated based on clinical stimulation settings. Probabilistic stimulation maps and non-parametric permutation statistics were applied to identify voxels with significant above or below average improvement for each scale and analysed using the DISTAL atlas. All outcomes improved significantly at follow-up. Significant spatial distribution patterns of neurostimulation were observed for NMSScale total score and its mood/apathy and attention/memory domains. For both domains, voxels associated with below average improvement were mainly located dorsal to the subthalamic nucleus. In contrast, above average improvement for mood/apathy was observed in the ventral border region of the subthalamic nucleus and in its sensorimotor subregion and for attention/memory in the associative subregion. A trend was observed for NMSScale sleep domain showing voxels with above average improvement located ventral to the subthalamic nucleus. Our study provides evidence that the interindividual variability of mood/apathy, attention/memory, and sleep outcomes after subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation depends on the location of neurostimulation. This study highlights the importance of holistic assessments of motor and non-motor aspects of Parkinson's disease to tailor surgical targeting and stimulation parameter settings to patients' personal profiles.", "authors": [ "Petry-Schmelzer, Jan Niklas", "Krause, Max", "Dembek, Till A", "Horn, Andreas", "Evans, Julian", "Ashkan, Keyoumars", "Rizos, Alexandra", "Silverdale, Monty", "Schumacher, Wibke", "Sack, Carolin", "Loehrer, Philipp A", "Fink, Gereon R", "Fonoff, Erich T", "Martinez-Martin, Pablo", "Antonini, Angelo", "Barbe, Michael T", "Visser-Vandewalle, Veerle", "Ray-Chaudhuri, K", "Timmermann, Lars", "Dafsari, Haidar S", "None, None" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1093/brain/awz285", "keywords": [ "N subthalamic nucleus", "D016428 Journal Article", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N volume of tissue activated", "D016448 Multicenter Study", "N volume of activated tissue", "N non-motor symptoms", "N deep brain stimulation" ], "number_of_pages": 13, "pages": "3592-3604", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 20.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1460-2156", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "sjr": 4.437, "snip": 3.147, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)" ], "title": "Brain : a journal of neurology" }, "publication_date": "2019-11-01", "selected": false, "title": "Non-motor outcomes depend on location of neurostimulation in Parkinson's disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND Automatic segmentation is gaining relevancy in image-based targeting of neural structures.\nOBJECTIVE To evaluate its feasibility, we retrospectively analyzed the concordance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based automatic segmentation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and intraoperative microelectrode recordings (MERs).\nMETHODS Electrodes (n\u00a0=\u00a060) for deep brain stimulation were implanted in the STN of patients (n\u00a0=\u00a030; median age 57 yr) with Parkinson disease (n\u00a0=\u00a029) or rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism (n\u00a0=\u00a01). Elements (Brainlab, Munich, Germany) were used to segment the STN, using 2 volumetric T1 (\u00b1contrast) and volumetric T2 images as input. The stereotactic computed tomography was coregistered with the imaging, and the original stereotactic coordinates were imported. MERs (0.5-1 mm steps) along the anterior, central, and lateral trajectories were used to determine differences between the image-segmented STN boundary and MER-based STN entry and exit.\nRESULTS Of 175 trajectories, 105 penetrated or touched (\u22640.7 mm) the STN. The overall median deviation between the segmented STN boundary and electrophysiological recordings was 1.1 mm for MER-based STN entry and 2.0 mm for STN exit. Regarding the entry point of the STN, there was no statistically significant difference between MRI-based automatic segmentation and the electrophysiological trajectories analyzed with intraoperative MER. The exit point was significantly different between both methods in the central and lateral trajectories.\nCONCLUSION MRI-based automatic segmentation of the STN is a viable, patient-specific targeting approach that can be used alongside traditional targeting methods in deep brain stimulation to support preoperative planning and visualization of target structures and aid postoperative optimization of programming.", "authors": [ "Reinacher, Peter C", "V\u00e1rkuti, B\u00e1lint", "Kr\u00fcger, Marie T", "Piroth, Tobias", "Egger, Karl", "Roelz, Roland", "Coenen, Volker A" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1093/ons/opz015", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "N Subthalamic nucleus", "#text", "N Automatic anatomical segmentation", "@UI", "N Intraoperative microelectrode recording" ], "number_of_pages": 6, "pages": "497-502", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 2.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2332-4260", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "sjr": 0.502, "snip": 1.306, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "Operative neurosurgery (Hagerstown, Md.)" }, "publication_date": "2019-11-01", "selected": false, "title": "Automatic Segmentation of the Subthalamic Nucleus: A Viable Option to Support Planning and Visualization of Patient-Specific Targeting in Deep Brain Stimulation.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The cerebellum is involved in sensorimotor, cognitive, and emotional functions through cerebello-cerebral connectivity. Cerebellar neurostimulation thus likely affects cortical circuits, as has been shown in studies using cerebellar stimulation to treat neurological disorders through modulation of frontal EEG oscillations. Here we studied the effects of different frequencies of cerebellar stimulation on oscillations and coherence in the cerebellum and prefrontal cortex in the urethane-anesthetized rat. Local field potentials were recorded in the right lateral cerebellum (Crus I/II) and bilaterally in the prefrontal cortex (frontal association area, FrA) in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulation was delivered to the cerebellar vermis (lobule VII) using single pulses (0.2 Hz for 60 s), or repeated pulses at 1 Hz (30 s), 5 Hz (10 s), 25 Hz (2 s), and 50 Hz (1 s). Effects of stimulation were influenced by the initial state of EEG activity which varies over time during urethane-anesthesia; 1 Hz stimulation was more effective when delivered during the slow-wave state (Stage 1), while stimulation with single-pulse, 25, and 50 Hz showed stronger effects during the activated state (Stage 2). Single-pulses resulted in increases in oscillatory power in the delta and theta bands for the cerebellum, and in frequencies up to 80 Hz in cortical sites. 1 Hz stimulation induced a decrease in 0\u00e2\u0080\u009330 Hz activity and increased activity in the 30\u00e2\u0080\u0093200 Hz range, in the right FrA. 5 Hz stimulation reduced power in high frequencies in Stage 1 and induced mixed effects during Stage 2.25 Hz stimulation increased cortical power at low frequencies during Stage 2, and increased power in higher frequency bands during Stage 1. Stimulation at 50 Hz increased delta-band power in all recording sites, with the strongest and most rapid effects in the cerebellum. 25 and 50 Hz stimulation also induced state-dependent effects on cerebello-cortical and cortico-cortical coherence at high frequencies. Cerebellar stimulation can therefore entrain field potential activity in the FrA and drive synchronization of cerebello-cortical and cortico-cortical networks in a frequency-dependent manner. These effects highlight the role of the cerebellar vermis in modulating large-scale synchronization of neural networks in non-motor frontal cortex. \u00c2\u00a9 Copyright \u00c2\u00a9 2019 Tremblay, Chapman and Courtemanche.", "authors": [ "Tremblay, St\u00e9fanie A", "Chapman, C Andrew", "Courtemanche, Richard" ], "categories": null, "citations": 6, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.3389/fnsys.2019.00060", "keywords": [ "N vermis", "#text", "N stimulation", "N synchrony", "N oscillations", "N prefrontal cortex", "@UI", "N cerebellum" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "60", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1662-5137", "publisher": "Frontiers Media S.A.", "sjr": 1.07, "snip": 1.027, "subject_areas": [ "Cognitive Neuroscience", "Developmental Neuroscience", "Neuroscience (miscellaneous)", "Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience" ], "title": "Frontiers in systems neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2019-10-29", "selected": false, "title": "State-Dependent Entrainment of Prefrontal Cortex Local Field Potential Activity Following Patterned Stimulation of the Cerebellar Vermis.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85075250213&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Prior evidence supports a critical role of oscillatory activity in visual cognition, but are cerebral oscillations simply correlated or causally linked to our ability to consciously acknowledge the presence of a target in our visual field? Here, EEG signals were recorded on humans performing a visual detection task, while they received brief patterns of rhythmic or random transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) delivered to the right Frontal Eye Field (FEF) prior to the onset of a lateralized target. TMS entrained oscillations, i.e., increased high-beta power and phase alignment (the latter to a higher extent for rhythmic high-beta patterns than random patterns) while also boosting visual detection sensitivity. Considering post-hoc only those participants in which rhythmic stimulation enhanced visual detection, the magnitude of high-beta entrainment correlated with left visual performance increases. Our study provides evidence in favor of a causal link between high-beta oscillatory activity in the Frontal Eye Field and visual detection. Furthermore, it supports future applications of brain stimulation to manipulate local synchrony and improve or restore impaired visual behaviors. \u00c2\u00a9 2019, The Author(s).", "authors": [ "Vernet, Marine", "Stengel, Chlo\u00e9", "Quentin, Romain", "Amengual, Juli\u00e0 L", "Valero-Cabr\u00e9, Antoni" ], "categories": null, "citations": 12, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1038/s41598-019-49673-1", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "14510", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2045-2322", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "sjr": 0.973, "snip": 1.312, "subject_areas": [ "Human-Computer Interaction", "Neurons and Cognition", "Combinatorics", "Multidisciplinary" ], "title": "Scientific reports" }, "publication_date": "2019-10-10", "selected": false, "title": "Entrainment of local synchrony reveals a causal role for high-beta right frontal oscillations in human visual consciousness.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85073108110&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND Modern robotic-assist surgical systems have revolutionized stereotaxy for a variety of procedures by increasing operative efficiency while preserving and even improving accuracy and safety. However, experience with robotic systems in deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery is scarce.\nOBJECTIVE To present an initial series of DBS surgery performed utilizing a frameless robotic solution for image-guided stereotaxy, and report on operative efficiency, stereotactic accuracy, and complications.\nMETHODS This study included the initial 20 consecutive patients undergoing bilateral robot-assisted DBS. The prior 20 nonrobotic, frameless cohort of DBS cases was sampled as a baseline historic control. For both cohorts, patient demographic and clinical data were collected including postoperative complications. Intraoperative duration and number of Microelectrode recording (MER) and final lead passes were recorded. For the robot-assisted cohort, 2D radial errors were calculated.\nRESULTS Mean case times (total operating room, anesthesia, and operative times) were all significantly decreased in the robot-assisted cohort (all P-values\u00a0<\u00a0.02) compared to frameless DBS. When looking at trends in case times, operative efficiency improved over time in the robot-assisted cohort across all time assessment points. Mean radial error in the robot-assisted cohort was 1.40\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.11\u00a0mm, and mean depth error was 1.05\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.18\u00a0mm. There was a significant decrease in the average number of MER passes in the robot-assisted cohort (1.05) compared to the nonrobotic cohort (1.45, P\u00a0<\u00a0.001).\nCONCLUSION This is the first report of application of frameless robotic-assistance with the Mazor Renaissance platform (Mazor Robotics Ltd, Caesarea, Israel) for DBS surgery, and our findings reveal that an initial experience is safe and can have a positive impact on operative efficiency, accuracy, and safety.", "authors": [ "Ho, Allen L", "Pendharkar, Arjun V", "Brewster, Ryan", "Martinez, Derek L", "Jaffe, Richard A", "Xu, Linda W", "Miller, Kai J", "Halpern, Casey H" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1093/ons/opy395", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "N DBS", "N Robotic", "#text", "N Mazor", "N Robot-assisted", "N Stereotaxy", "N Frameless", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": 8, "pages": "424-431", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 2.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2332-4260", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "sjr": 0.502, "snip": 1.306, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "Operative neurosurgery (Hagerstown, Md.)" }, "publication_date": "2019-10-01", "selected": false, "title": "Frameless Robot-Assisted Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery: An Initial Experience.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "To explore the mechanism of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the improved performance of professional rowing athletes. Twelve male professional rowing athletes were randomly divided into two groups (low-stimulation group, 1\u00c2 mA, n = 6; high-stimulation group, 2\u00c2 mA, n = 6), and they accepted tDCS for two consecutive weeks while undergoing regular training (20\u00c2 min each time, five times a week, totally ten times). The assessments of depression, anxiety, executive function, fatigue perception, lactate threshold power (LTP) and isokinetic muscle strength as well as the collection of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were performed at baseline and at follow-up (the end of the fourth week). The voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) value was calculated in the whole brain. After stimulation, there were significant increases in executive function and athletic performance. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis indicated time factor, stimulation intensity factor had a main effect on LTP and 60RK, respectively. There was no significant difference of VMHC value between the high- and low-stimulation groups at baseline. Comparing with low-stimulation group, significant increased VMHC values of the bilateral middle temporal gyrus (MTG), precentral gyrus and superior frontal gyrus (SFG) were found in high-stimulation group at follow-up. Correlation analyses showed that in high-stimulation group, the VMHC values of bilateral MTG and SFG were both positively correlated with the measures of athletic performance. tDCS may contribute to the improvement of athletic performance in professional rowing athletes, and the increased interhemispheric coordination may be involved in the mechanism of the improved athletic performance. \u00c2\u00a9 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.", "authors": [ "Liu, Xiaoyun", "Yang, Xi", "Hou, Zhenghua", "Ma, Ming", "Jiang, Wenhao", "Wang, Caiyun", "Zhang, Yuqun", "Yuan, Yonggui" ], "categories": null, "citations": 9, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1007/s11682-018-9948-3", "keywords": [ "N Athletic performance", "N tDCS", "N Rowing athletes", "N VMHC", "#text", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": 9, "pages": "1324-1332", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.2, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1931-7565", "publisher": "Springer New York", "sjr": 1.002, "snip": 1.07, "subject_areas": [ "Cognitive Neuroscience", "Behavioral Neuroscience", "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Neurology", "Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging", "Neurology (clinical)", "Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience" ], "title": "Brain imaging and behavior" }, "publication_date": "2019-10-01", "selected": false, "title": "Increased interhemispheric synchrony underlying the improved athletic performance of rowing athletes by transcranial direct current stimulation.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85052325929&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND BACKGROUND Programming deep brain stimulation (DBS) settings in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) is challenging and time consuming because of the vast number of possible parameter combinations. This results in long sessions that can be exhausting for the patients and physicians. GUIDE (Boston Scientific) is a 3-dimensional neuroanatomic visual software that precisely visualizes the location of the DBS electrode in the subthalamic nucleus (STN). The objective of this paper is to compare the duration and clinical effects of traditional trial and error versus GUIDE-assisted DBS programming in 10 patients with PD treated with STN DBS.\nMETHODS METHODS For each patient, neurostimulation parameters were selected with GUIDE to create a stimulation field encompassing the dorsal part of the STN. On programming day, each patient was assessed with both traditional and GUIDE approaches using a crossover design. For GUIDE-assisted sessions, the patients were programmed directly with the DBS settings obtained with the stimulated field model, and if necessary, parameters were adjusted to achieve optimal clinical response. Clinical improvement was assessed with Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale scores for limb bradykinesia, tremor, and rigidity.\nRESULTS RESULTS In 7 patients, DBS settings obtained with GUIDE led to suboptimal clinical improvement and mild adjustments were required. After these adjustments, the magnitude of clinical improvement with the 2 approaches was comparable (P\u00a0= 0.8219). Programming time with GUIDE was significantly shorter than with the traditional programming approach (P < 0.0001).\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS Visualization of stimulation fields with GUIDE provides useful information to achieve a clinical improvement comparable with that obtained with the traditional trial and error approach, but with shorter and more efficient programming sessions.", "authors": [ "Pavese, Nicola", "Tai, Yen F", "Yousif, Nada", "Nandi, Dipankar", "Bain, Peter G" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.wneu.2019.09.106", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "N Visual software", "@UI", "N Parkinson disease", "N Subthalamic", "#text" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "e98-e102", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1878-8769", "publisher": "Elsevier Inc.", "sjr": 0.591, "snip": 1.032, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "World neurosurgery" }, "publication_date": "2019-09-27", "selected": false, "title": "Traditional Trial and Error versus Neuroanatomic 3-Dimensional Image Software-Assisted Deep Brain Stimulation Programming in Patients with Parkinson\u00a0Disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Responsive neurostimulation (RNS) has emerged as an adjunctive treatment modality for patients with intractable focal epilepsy who are not surgical candidates or have more than one ictal onset focus. We report a 34-year-old patient with intractable, childhood-onset, genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) with tonic, atonic, myoclonic and absence seizures treated with RNS. Strip electrodes over the right posterior frontal cortex and depth electrodes placed in the right anterior nucleus were used for event detection and responsive stimulation. Two-year follow-up revealed 90-95% clinical seizure reduction. This case suggests that refractory GGE may be effectively treated with RNS targeting thalamocortical networks.", "authors": [ "Herlopian, Aline", "Cash, Sydney S", "Eskandar, Emad M", "Jennings, Tara", "Cole, Andrew J" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1002/acn3.50858", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 6, "pages": "2104-2109", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 8.8, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2328-9503", "publisher": "John Wiley & Sons Inc.", "sjr": 1.885, "snip": 1.383, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Annals of clinical and translational neurology" }, "publication_date": "2019-09-11", "selected": false, "title": "Responsive neurostimulation targeting anterior thalamic nucleus in generalized epilepsy.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Previous research has shown a link between eye contact and interpersonal motor resonance, indicating that the mirroring of observed movements is enhanced when accompanied with mutual eye contact between actor and observer. Here, we further explored the role of eye contact within a naturalistic two-person action context. Twenty-two participants observed simple hand movements combined with direct or averted gaze presented via a live model in a two-person setting or via video recordings, while transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied over the primary motor cortex (M1) to measure changes in M1 excitability. Skin conductance responses and gaze behavior were also measured to investigate the role of arousal and visual attention herein. Eye contact significantly enhanced excitability of the observer's M1 during movement observation within a two-person setting. Notably, participants with higher social responsiveness (Social Communication subscale of the Social Responsiveness Scale) displayed a more pronounced modulation of M1 excitability by eye gaze. Gaze-related modulations in M1 excitability were, however, not associated with differences in visual attention or autonomic arousal. In summary, the current study highlights the effectiveness and feasibility of adopting paradigms with high ecological validity for studying the modulation of mirror system processes by subtle social cues, such as eye gaze. \u00c2\u00a9 2019 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press.", "authors": [ "Prinsen, Jellina", "Alaerts, Kaat" ], "categories": null, "citations": 22, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1093/scan/nsz064", "keywords": [ "N transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)", "D016428 Journal Article", "N eye contact", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N skin conductance", "N action observation", "N mirror neuron system" ], "number_of_pages": 10, "pages": "967-976", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.8, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1749-5024", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "sjr": 1.602, "snip": 1.285, "subject_areas": [ "Cognitive Neuroscience", "Experimental and Cognitive Psychology" ], "title": "Social cognitive and affective neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2019-09-01", "selected": false, "title": "Eye contact enhances interpersonal motor resonance: comparing video stimuli to a live two-person action context.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85076871629&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "The trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs) are a group of primary headache syndromes all marked by unilateral headache and ipsilateral cranial autonomic features. The TACs include cluster headache, paroxysmal hemicrania, short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing, and hemicrania continua. Pathophysiology includes the trigeminal pain system, autonomic system, hypothalamus, and more recently an identified role for the vagus nerve. Diagnosis is made after looking at headache frequency, duration, and accompanying symptoms. Each TAC has its own unique treatment, which is discussed in depth.", "authors": [ "Burish, Mark J", "Rozen, Todd D" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.ncl.2019.07.001", "keywords": [ "N Hemicrania continua", "N SUNA", "N Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Cluster headache", "D016454 Review", "N SUNCT", "N Paroxysmal hemicrania" ], "number_of_pages": 23, "pages": "847-869", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1557-9875", "publisher": "W.B. Saunders Ltd", "sjr": 0.719, "snip": 1.19, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)" ], "title": "Neurologic clinics" }, "publication_date": "2019-08-24", "selected": false, "title": "Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE To compare posterior subthalamic area deep brain stimulation (PSA-DBS) performed in the conventional manner against diffusion tensor imaging and tractography (DTIT)-guided lead implantation into the dentatorubrothalamic tract (DRTT).\nPATIENTS AND METHODS METHODS Double-blind, randomised study involving 34 patients with either tremor-dominant Parkinson's disease or essential tremor. Patients were randomised to Group A (DBS leads inserted using conventional landmarks) or Group B (leads guided into the DRTT using DTIT). Tremor (Fahn-Tolosa-Marin) and quality-of-life (PDQ-39) scores were evaluated 0-, 6-, 12-, 36- and 60-months after surgery.\nRESULTS RESULTS PSA-DBS resulted in marked tremor reduction in both groups. However, Group B patients had significantly better arm tremor control (especially control of intention tremor), increased mobility and activities of daily living, reduced social stigma and need for social support as well as lower stimulation amplitudes and pulse widths compared to Group A patients. The better outcomes were sustained for up to 60-months from surgery. The active contacts of Group B patients were consistently closer to the centre of the DRTT than in Group A. Speech problems were more common in Group A patients.\nCONCLUSION CONCLUSIONS DTIT-guided lead placement results in better and more stable tremor control and fewer adverse effects compared to lead placement in the conventional manner. This is because DTIT-guidance allows closer and more consistent placement of leads to the centre of the DRTT than conventional methods.", "authors": [ "Low, Hu Liang", "Ismail, Mohd Nasir Bin Mohd", "Taqvi, Ahsan", "Deeb, Jacquie", "Fuller, Charlotte", "Misbahuddin, Anjum" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.clineuro.2019.105466", "keywords": [ "N Functional outcome", "N Tremor", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Posterior subthalamic area deep brain stimulation", "D003160 Comparative Study", "D016449 Randomized Controlled Trial", "N Randomised study", "N Diffusion tensor imaging and tractography" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "105466", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.2, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1872-6968", "publisher": "Elsevier", "sjr": 0.538, "snip": 0.785, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "Clinical neurology and neurosurgery" }, "publication_date": "2019-08-12", "selected": false, "title": "Comparison of posterior subthalamic area deep brain stimulation for tremor using conventional landmarks versus directly targeting the dentatorubrothalamic tract with tractography.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Repetition suppression (RS) is the adaptation of the neural activity in response to a repeated external stimulus. It has been proposed that RS occurs at the thalamo-cortical level, hence activating a feedback loop to the cortex in order to counteract with the repeated motor cortical activation. In this study, to elucidate the common modulators between the RS and the inhibitory/facilitatory cortical networks, two TMS paradigms were applied, i.e. the characteristic long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI) and the I1-wave timed short-interval intracortical facilitation (SICF). Since LICI is a local intracortical inhibitory phenomenon affecting cortical excitation over a long interval like the RS, the interaction between RS and LICI was tested. As the I1-wave timed SICF is likely not affected by inhibitory modulation, the appearance of the RS with respect to SICF was investigated. Non-linear interaction between LICI and RS was observed, while I1-wave timed SICF facilitated all MEP responses of RS by a common offset still preserving the RS. These findings implicate that the underlying mechanism for the observed interaction is likely contributed to the activation of the negative thalamo-cortical feedback loop represented by the RS, most likely at the cortical level.", "authors": [ "Kariminezhad, Shohreh", "Karhu, Jari", "S\u00e4is\u00e4nen, Laura", "K\u00f6n\u00f6nen, Mervi", "Julkunen, Petro" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1038/s41598-019-47932-9", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "11543", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2045-2322", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "sjr": 0.973, "snip": 1.312, "subject_areas": [ "Human-Computer Interaction", "Neurons and Cognition", "Combinatorics", "Multidisciplinary" ], "title": "Scientific reports" }, "publication_date": "2019-08-08", "selected": false, "title": "Interaction between repetition suppression in motor activation and long-interval intracortical inhibition.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests that neural oscillations at different frequencies and their synchrony between brain regions play a crucial role in the processing of nociceptive input and the emergence of pain. Most findings are limited by their correlative nature, however, which impedes causal inferences.\nOBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE To move from correlative towards causal evidence, methods that allow to experimentally manipulate oscillatory brain activity are needed.\nRESULTS RESULTS Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique designed to modulate neural oscillations in a frequency specific manner and as such a suitable method to investigate the contribution of oscillatory brain activity to pain. Despite its appeal, tACS has been barely applied in the field of pain research. In the present review, we address this issue and discuss how tACS can be used to gather mechanistic evidence for the relationship between pain and neural oscillations in humans.\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS Transcranial alternating current stimulation holds great potential for the investigation of the neural mechanisms underlying pain and the development of new treatment approaches for chronic pain if necessary methodological precautions are taken.", "authors": [ "Hohn, Vanessa D", "May, Elisabeth S", "Ploner, Markus" ], "categories": null, "citations": 13, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1097/PR9.0000000000000723", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "D016454 Review", "N Neural oscillations", "N tACS", "N Pain" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "e723", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2471-2531", "publisher": "Lippincott Williams and Wilkins", "sjr": 1.258, "snip": 1.58, "subject_areas": [ "Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine" ], "title": "Pain reports" }, "publication_date": "2019-08-07", "selected": false, "title": "From correlation towards causality: modulating brain rhythms of pain using transcranial alternating current stimulation.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85091571464&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "INTRODUCTION Deep brain stimulation improves motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease and changes primary motor cortex excitability, but how subthalamic nucleus stimulation affects premotor-motor cortical connectivity remains unclear.\nMETHODS We investigated 10 Parkinson patients in whom single subthalamic nucleus stimulation was time-locked to transcranial magnetic dual-coil, paired-pulse stimulation of the dorsal premotor and primary motor cortex. Premotor-motor interaction with deep brain stimulation switched off was compared to 10 controls.\nRESULTS Parkinson patients showed abnormally facilitated premotor-motor interaction with deep brain stimulation switched off compared to controls. This abnormal premotor-motor facilitation was abolished during subthalamic nucleus stimulation at 3\u202fHz.\nCONCLUSIONS In Parkinson's disease, aberrant signals from the basal ganglia leading to a loss of physiological premotor-motor inhibition can be normalized by subthalamic deep brain stimulation. This effect is likely mediated by activation of subthalamic-pallidal-thalamic projection to the premotor cortex.", "authors": [ "Weissbach, Anne", "Udupa, Kaviraja", "Ni, Zhen", "Gunraj, Carolyn", "Rinchon, Cricia", "Baarbe, Julianne", "Fasano, Alfonso", "Munhoz, Renato P", "Lang, Anthony", "Tadic, Vera", "Br\u00fcggemann, Norbert", "M\u00fcnchau, Alexander", "B\u00e4umer, Tobias", "Chen, Robert" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.08.003", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "N Parkinson's disease", "D016428 Journal Article", "N TMS", "N Premotor cortex", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Motor cortex" ], "number_of_pages": 4, "pages": "224-227", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1873-5126", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "sjr": 1.05, "snip": 1.19, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Geriatrics and Gerontology", "Neurology" ], "title": "Parkinsonism & related disorders" }, "publication_date": "2019-08-07", "selected": false, "title": "Single-pulse subthalamic deep brain stimulation reduces premotor-motor facilitation in Parkinson's disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "l l Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease primarily affecting motor function, with additional evidence of extensive nonmotor involvement. Despite increasing recognition of the disease as a multisystem network disorder characterised by impaired connectivity, the precise neuroelectric characteristics of impaired cortical communication remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we characterise changes in functional connectivity using beamformer source analysis on resting-state electroencephalography recordings from 74 ALS patients and 47 age-matched healthy controls. Spatiospectral characteristics of network changes in the ALS patient group were quantified by spectral power, amplitude envelope correlation (co-modulation) and imaginary coherence (synchrony). We show patterns of decreased spectral power in the occipital and temporal (\u03b4- to \u03b2-band), lateral/orbitofrontal (\u03b4- to \u03b8-band) and sensorimotor (\u03b2-band) regions of the brain in patients with ALS. Furthermore, we show increased co-modulation of neural oscillations in the central and posterior (\u03b4-, \u03b8- and \u03b3 -band) and frontal (\u03b4- and \u03b3 -band) regions, as well as decreased synchrony in the temporal and frontal (\u03b4- to \u03b2-band) and sensorimotor (\u03b2-band) regions. Factorisation of these complex connectivity patterns reveals a distinct disruption of both motor and nonmotor networks. The observed changes in connectivity correlated with structural MRI changes, functional motor scores and cognitive scores. Characteristic patterned changes of cortical function in ALS signify widespread disease-associated network disruption, pointing to extensive dysfunction of both motor and cognitive networks. These statistically robust findings, that correlate with clinical scores, provide a strong rationale for further development as biomarkers of network disruption for future clinical trials.", "authors": [ "Dukic, Stefan", "McMackin, Roisin", "Buxo, Teresa", "Fasano, Antonio", "Chipika, Rangariroyashe", "Pinto-Grau, Marta", "Costello, Emmet", "Schuster, Christina", "Hammond, Michaela", "Heverin, Mark", "Coffey, Amina", "Broderick, Michael", "Iyer, Parameswaran M", "Mohr, Kieran", "Gavin, Brighid", "Pender, Niall", "Bede, Peter", "Muthuraman, Muthuraman", "Lalor, Edmund C", "Hardiman, Orla", "Nasseroleslami, Bahman" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1002/hbm.24740", "keywords": [ "N functional connectivity", "N motor neurone disease", "D016428 Journal Article", "N resting state", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N amyotrophic lateral sclerosis", "N EEG", "N source localisation" ], "number_of_pages": 16, "pages": "4827-4842", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 9.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1097-0193", "publisher": "Wiley-Liss Inc.", "sjr": 1.688, "snip": 1.395, "subject_areas": [ "Radiological and Ultrasound Technology", "Anatomy", "Neurology", "Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging", "Neurology (clinical)" ], "title": "Human brain mapping" }, "publication_date": "2019-07-26", "selected": false, "title": "Patterned functional network disruption in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been developed rapidly in recent years and derived various forms which serve as therapeutic tools for neurological disorders. However, differences of stimulation effect among these stimulation strategies have not been fully explored. In this pilot study, we compared the stimulation effect between High-definition tDCS (HD-tDCS) and Network-based tDCS (NB-tDCS) on a healthy subject. HD-tDCS mainly stimulated primary motor cortex with 2mA current and NB-tDCS was designed to stimulate main motor-related areas including primary motor cortex, premotor cortex and supplementary motor area with the same amount of current in total. Cortico-muscular coherence (CMC) derived from EEG/EMG, which measures the synchrony between cortical neural activity and muscles, was collected from isometric wrist extension tasks. The results demonstrated more motor-related regions excited and longer high-level lasting effect after NB-tDCS compared with HD-tDCS, which indicated the potential power of multi-site stimulation. This study might provide some guidance and hints for transcranial stimulation strategies in the future. \u00c2\u00a9 2019 IEEE.", "authors": [ "Chen, Cheng", "Fang, Yuqi", "Wang, Xin", "Bao, Shi-Chun", "Tang, Zhiqiang", "Tong, Raymond Kai-Yu" ], "categories": null, "citations": 6, "comments": null, "databases": [ "IEEE", "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1109/EMBC.2019.8857287", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 4, "pages": "6884-6887", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 2.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": "978-1-5386-1312-2", "issn": "2694-0604", "publisher": "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.", "sjr": 0.188, "snip": 0.799, "subject_areas": [ "Medicine (all)" ], "title": "Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference" }, "publication_date": "2019-07-01", "selected": false, "title": "Excitation Comparison between Multi-site Stimulation using Network-based tDCS and Focal Stimulation using High-definition tDCS.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85077837969&origin=inward", "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=8857287" ] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND A precise understanding of the neuronal circuits involved in the control of anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) for gait initiation is missing. Neurostimulation in Parkinson's disease (PD) provides a method of modulating APAs to gain insight into the underlying circuitry.\nOBJECTIVE Our objective was to investigate if APA kinematics for step initiation could be modulated by high frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) or substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) in people with PD and freezing of gait (FoG).\nMETHODS We studied 14 people with PD and FoG using neurostimulation of the STN and SNr areas after overnight withdrawal of dopaminergic medication on the instrumented stand and walk test. We tested patients in the following randomized conditions: 'off stimulation', 'STN' stimulation (only), and 'SNr' stimulation (only). Patients were blinded to the stimulation condition. The APAs were recorded with inertial sensors and processed offline. Moreover, we assessed clinical scores with respect to motor symptoms, non-motor symptoms, executive function, and FoG.\nRESULTS SNr but not STN stimulation modulated the anterio-posterior size of APA. The SNr modulation of APA was associated with the stimulation effect on FoG (trend; r\u202f=\u202f0.580, P\u202f=\u202f0.102). The APA modulation was not correlated with any other cognitive or clinical measures.\nCONCLUSION Neuromodulation of the SNr but not of the STN modulated APAs in PD patients with FoG. The different effects of STN or SNr on the kinematic parameters of APA support the concept of segregate targets in order to address diverse kinematic components of PD gait.", "authors": [ "Heilbronn, Melanie", "Scholten, Marlieke", "Schlenstedt, Christian", "Mancini, Martina", "Sch\u00f6llmann, Anna", "Cebi, Idil", "P\u00f6tter-Nerger, Monika", "Gharabaghi, Alireza", "Weiss, Daniel" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.06.023", "keywords": [ "N First step", "N Deep brain stimulation", "N Parkinson's disease", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Gait", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Anticipatory postural adjustment", "N Freezing" ], "number_of_pages": 6, "pages": "34-39", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1873-5126", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "sjr": 1.05, "snip": 1.19, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Geriatrics and Gerontology", "Neurology" ], "title": "Parkinsonism & related disorders" }, "publication_date": "2019-06-27", "selected": false, "title": "Anticipatory postural adjustments are modulated by substantia nigra stimulation in people with Parkinson's disease and freezing of gait.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE Conventional deep brain stimulation (DBS) systems with ring-shaped leads generate spherical electrical fields. In contrast, novel directional leads use segmented electrodes. Aim of this study was to quantify the impedance variations over time in subjects with the directional Cartesia-Boston\u00ae system.\nMETHODS Impedance records, programming settings, and clinical data of 11 consecutive Parkinsonian patients implanted with DBS directional leads in two Italian centers (Udine and Vicenza) were retrospectively evaluated. Data were collected before starting stimulation (in the operating room and at days 5 and 40) and after switching stimulation on at the successive follow-up visits (1, 6 and 12\u202fmonths).\nRESULTS Directional leads have significantly higher impedance than ring leads. Stimulated contacts had always lower impedance compared to non-stimulated contacts. Before DBS-on, all contacts had higher impedance in the operating room, with an initial decrease five days post-surgery and a subsequent increase at day 40, more evident for directional contacts. The impedance of directional leads increased post-implantation at 1 and 6\u202fmonths with a plateau at 12\u202fmonths.\nCONCLUSIONS There was a significant difference between the directional and ring leads at baseline (before activation of DBS) and during follow-up (chronic DBS).\nSIGNIFICANCE Our study reveals new information about the impedance of segmented electrodes that is useful for patient management during the initial test period, as well as during long-term DBS follow-up.", "authors": [ "Eleopra, Roberto", "Rinaldo, Sara", "Devigili, Grazia", "Lettieri, Christian", "Mondani, Massimo", "D'Auria, Stanislao", "Piacentino, Massimo", "Pilleri, Manuela" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.clinph.2019.06.001", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Parkinson disease", "N Electric impedance", "N Neurostimulation", "N Electrodes", "D016448 Multicenter Study" ], "number_of_pages": 8, "pages": "1562-1569", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1872-8952", "publisher": "Elsevier Ireland Ltd", "sjr": 1.212, "snip": 1.482, "subject_areas": [ "Physiology (medical)", "Neurology (clinical)", "Sensory Systems", "Neurology" ], "title": "Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology" }, "publication_date": "2019-06-22", "selected": false, "title": "Brain impedance variation of directional leads implanted in subthalamic nuclei of Parkinsonian patients.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVES People with refractory epilepsy submitted to surgery may improve or deteriorate their cognitive and emotional functions. The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of longitudinal changes in psychopathological symptomatology, one year after epilepsy surgery, considering clinical and demographic characteristics.\nMETHODS People with refractory epilepsy referred to epilepsy surgery were included in this ambispective study. Psychiatric evaluations were made before surgery and one year after the procedure. Demographic, psychiatric, and neurological data were recorded. Linear regression was used to analyze longitudinal data regarding the Global Severity Index and 9 symptom dimensions of Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90).\nRESULTS Seventy-six people were included. Bilateral epileptogenic zone, lack of remission of disabling seizures, and deep brain stimulation, targeting the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT-DBS), were the most important predictors of an increase in SCL-90 scores, after surgery.\nCONCLUSION Some individual factors may have an impact on the development or worsening of the previous psychopathology. This study identifies clinical aspects associated with greater psychological distress, after surgery. These patients may benefit from more frequent psychiatric routine assessments for early detection.", "authors": [ "Novais, Filipa", "Pestana, Lu\u00eds C\u00e2mara", "Loureiro, Susana", "Andrea, Mafalda", "Figueira, Maria Lu\u00edsa", "Pimentel, Jos\u00e9" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.04.043", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "N Epilepsy surgery", "N Psychopathology", "D064888 Observational Study", "N Refractory epilepsy" ], "number_of_pages": 7, "pages": "111-117", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1525-5069", "publisher": "Academic Press Inc.", "sjr": 0.923, "snip": 0.899, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Behavioral Neuroscience", "Neurology" ], "title": "Epilepsy & behavior : E&B" }, "publication_date": "2019-06-18", "selected": false, "title": "Clinical determinants of psychopathological outcomes after epilepsy surgery.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The basal forebrain contains multiple structures of great interest to emerging functional neurosurgery applications, yet many neuroradiologists are unfamiliar with this neuroanatomy because it is not resolved with current clinical MR imaging.\nMATERIALS AND METHODS n We applied an optimized TSE T2 sequence to washed whole postmortem brain samples ( = 13) to demonstrate and characterize the detailed anatomy of the basal forebrain using a clinical 3T MR imaging scanner. We measured the size of selected internal myelinated pathways and measured subthalamic nucleus size, oblique orientation, and position relative to the intercommissural point.\nRESULTS P We identified most basal ganglia and diencephalon structures using serial axial, coronal, and sagittal planes relative to the intercommissural plane. Specific oblique image orientations demonstrated the positions and anatomic relationships for selected structures of interest to functional neurosurgery. We observed only 0.2- to 0.3-mm right-left differences in the anteroposterior and superoinferior length of the subthalamic nucleus ( = .084 and .047, respectively). Individual variability for the subthalamic nucleus was greatest for angulation within the sagittal plane (range, 15\u00b0-37\u00b0), transverse dimension (range, 2-6.7 mm), and most inferior border (range, 4-7 mm below the intercommissural plane).\nCONCLUSIONS Direct identification of basal forebrain structures in multiple planes using the TSE T2 sequence makes this challenging neuroanatomy more accessible to practicing neuroradiologists. This protocol can be used to better define individual variations relevant to functional neurosurgical targeting and validate/complement advanced MR imaging methods being developed for direct visualization of these structures in living patients.", "authors": [ "Hoch, M J", "Bruno, M T", "Faustin, A", "Cruz, N", "Mogilner, A Y", "Crandall, L", "Wisniewski, T", "Devinsky, O", "Shepherd, T M" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.3174/ajnr.A6088", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 11, "pages": "1095-1105", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": null, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1936-959X", "publisher": null, "sjr": null, "snip": null, "subject_areas": [], "title": "AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology" }, "publication_date": "2019-06-13", "selected": false, "title": "3T MRI Whole-Brain Microscopy Discrimination of Subcortical Anatomy, Part 2: Basal Forebrain.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Overbidding, which means bidding over the Nash equilibrium, is commonly observed in competitive social interactions, such as a contest or auction. Recent neuroscience studies show that the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) is related to overbidding and associated with inferring the intentions of others during competitive interactions. The present study investigates the neural underpinnings of overbidding and how the rTPJ impacts bidding behavior by using tDCS to modulate the activation of the rTPJ. Participants completed a two-person proportional prize contest, in which overbidding was frequently observed and each participant's share of the prize was equal to the individual's expenditure divided by the aggregated expenditure. We observed a significant tDCS effect, i.e., participants' average expenditure and overbidding rate were significantly reduced in the anodal stimulation compared with the cathodal and sham stimulation. Possible explanations include that enhanced activity in the rTPJ via the anodal stimulation increased the accuracy of a participant's inference of the strategies of others, or a participant's concern for others, and thus helped the participant bid optimally. Our findings provide evidence supporting that the activation of the rTPJ in contests affects overbidding and bidding strategy, and further confirm that the rTPJ is involved in the inference of mental states in a competition context. \u00c2\u00a9 2019 Wang, Li, Li and Zhu.", "authors": [ "Wang, Minda", "Li, Jianbiao", "Li, Dahui", "Zhu, Chengkang" ], "categories": null, "citations": 5, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.3389/fnins.2019.00528", "keywords": [ "N tDCS", "N contest", "#text", "N nash equilibrium", "N rTPJ", "N overbidding", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "528", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.8, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1662-4548", "publisher": "Frontiers Media S.A.", "sjr": 1.161, "snip": 1.221, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Frontiers in neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2019-06-11", "selected": false, "title": "Anodal tDCS Over the Right Temporoparietal Junction Lowers Overbidding in Contests.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85068500637&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND Directional deep brain stimulation (dDBS) of the subthalamic nucleus for Parkinson's disease (PD) increases the therapeutic window. However, empirical programming of the neurostimulator becomes more complex given the increasing number of stimulation parameters. A better understanding of dDBS is needed to improve therapy and help guide postoperative programming.\nOBJECTIVE To determine whether clinical effects of dDBS can be predicted in individual patients based on lead location and volume of tissue activated (VTA) modelling.\nMETHODS We analysed a prospective series of 28 PD patients. Imaging analysis and systematic clinical testing performed 4-6 months postoperatively yielded location, clinical efficacy and corresponding therapeutic windows for 272 directional contacts. We calculated the corresponding VTAs to build a probabilistic stimulation map using voxel-wise statistical analysis.\nRESULTS We found a positive and statistically significant correlation between the overlap ratio of a patient's individual stimulation volume and the probabilistic map's sweet spot -defined as the 10% voxels with the highest clinical efficacy values (average Spearman's rho\u202f=\u202f0.43, average p\u202f\u2264\u202f0.036). Patients who had a larger therapeutic window with directional compared to omnidirectional stimulation had a larger distance between the electrode and the sweet spot centroid (average distances 2.3 vs. 1.5\u202fmm, p\u202f=\u202f0.0019).\nCONCLUSION Our analysis provides new insights into how the definition of a probabilistic sweet spot based on directional stimulation data and individual VTA modelling can be applied to predict clinically effective directional stimulation and help guide clinicians with the intricate postoperative DBS programming.", "authors": [ "Nguyen, T A Khoa", "Nowacki, Andreas", "Debove, Ines", "Petermann, Katrin", "Tinkhauser, Gerd", "Wiest, Roland", "Sch\u00fcpbach, Michael", "Krack, Paul", "Pollo, Claudio" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.brs.2019.05.001", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "N Parkinson's disease", "N Directional electrode", "#text", "N Probabilistic stimulation map", "@UI", "N Volume of tissue activated" ], "number_of_pages": 8, "pages": "1127-1134", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 12.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1876-4754", "publisher": "Elsevier Inc.", "sjr": 2.184, "snip": 1.816, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Biophysics", "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Brain stimulation" }, "publication_date": "2019-05-17", "selected": false, "title": "Directional stimulation of subthalamic nucleus sweet spot predicts clinical efficacy: Proof of concept.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "We present BrainNet which, to our knowledge, is the first multi-person\u00c2 non-invasive direct brain-to-brain interface for collaborative problem solving. The interface combines electroencephalography (EEG) to record brain signals and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to deliver information noninvasively to the brain. The interface allows three human subjects to collaborate and solve a task using direct brain-to-brain communication. Two of the three subjects are designated as \u00e2\u0080\u009cSenders\u00e2\u0080\u009d whose brain signals are decoded using real-time EEG data analysis. The decoding process extracts each Sender\u00e2\u0080\u0099s decision about whether to rotate a block in a Tetris-like game before it is dropped to fill a line. The Senders\u00e2\u0080\u0099 decisions are transmitted via the Internet to the brain of a third subject, the \u00e2\u0080\u009cReceiver,\u00e2\u0080\u009d who cannot see the game screen. The Senders\u00e2\u0080\u0099 decisions are delivered to the Receiver\u00e2\u0080\u0099s brain via magnetic stimulation of the occipital cortex. The Receiver integrates the information received from the two Senders and uses an EEG interface to make a decision about either turning the block or keeping it in the same orientation. A second round of the game provides an additional chance for the Senders to evaluate the Receiver\u00e2\u0080\u0099s decision and send feedback to the Receiver\u00e2\u0080\u0099s brain, and for the Receiver to rectify a possible incorrect decision made in the first round. We evaluated the performance of BrainNet in terms of (1) Group-level performance during the game, (2) True/False positive rates of subjects\u00e2\u0080\u0099 decisions, and (3) Mutual information between subjects. Five groups, each with three human subjects, successfully used BrainNet to perform the collaborative\u00c2 task, with an average accuracy of 81.25%. Furthermore, by varying the information reliability of the Senders by artificially injecting noise into one Sender\u00e2\u0080\u0099s signal, we investigated how the Receiver learns to integrate noisy signals in order to make a correct decision. We found that like conventional social networks, BrainNet allows Receivers to learn to trust the Sender who is more reliable, in this case, based solely on the information transmitted directly to their brains. Our results point the way to future brain-to-brain interfaces that enable cooperative problem solving by humans using a \u00e2\u0080\u009csocial network\u00e2\u0080\u009d of connected brains. \u00c2\u00a9 2019, The Author(s).", "authors": [ "Jiang, Linxing", "Stocco, Andrea", "Losey, Darby M", "Abernethy, Justin A", "Prat, Chantel S", "Rao, Rajesh P N" ], "categories": null, "citations": 81, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed", "arXiv" ], "doi": "10.1038/s41598-019-41895-7", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "6115", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2045-2322", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "sjr": 0.973, "snip": 1.312, "subject_areas": [ "Human-Computer Interaction", "Neurons and Cognition", "Combinatorics", "Multidisciplinary" ], "title": "Scientific reports" }, "publication_date": "2019-04-16", "selected": false, "title": "BrainNet: A Multi-Person Brain-to-Brain Interface for Direct Collaboration Between Brains.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85063665181&origin=inward", "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41895-7", "http://arxiv.org/abs/1809.08632v3", "http://arxiv.org/pdf/1809.08632v3" ] }, { "abstract": "We propose a novel approach to the analysis of synchronized three-dimensional motion in dyads. Motion recorded at high time resolution, as with a gaming device, is preprocessed in each of the three spatial dimensions by spline smoothing. Synchrony is then defined, at each time point, as the cosine between the two individuals' estimated velocity vectors. The approach is extended to allow a time lag, allowing for the analysis of leader-follower dynamics. Mean square cosine over the time range is proposed as a scalar summary of dyadic synchrony, and this measure is found to be positively associated with cognitive empathy.", "authors": [ "Reiss, Philip T", "Gvirts, Hila Z", "Bennet, Rotem", "Kanterman, Alisa", "Fahoum, Nardine", "Shamay-Tsoory, Simone G" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1080/00273171.2018.1547874", "keywords": [ "N spline smoothing", "#text", "N Empathy", "N three-dimensional motion", "N leader-follower dynamics", "N interpersonal synchrony", "N transcranial direct current stimulation", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": 12, "pages": "530-541", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1532-7906", "publisher": "Psychology Press Ltd", "sjr": 1.606, "snip": 1.754, "subject_areas": [ "Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous)", "Experimental and Cognitive Psychology", "Statistics and Probability" ], "title": "Multivariate behavioral research" }, "publication_date": "2019-04-08", "selected": false, "title": "A Time-Varying Measure of Dyadic Synchrony for Three-Dimensional Motion.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to investigate corticospinal output changes in 10 professional piano players during motor imagery of triad chords in C major to be \u00e2\u0080\u009cmentally\u00e2\u0080\u009d performed with three fingers of the right hand (thumb, index, and little finger). Five triads were employed in the task; each composed by a stable 3rd interval (C4-E4) and a varying third note that could generate a 5th (G4), a 6th (A4), a 7th (B4), a 9th (D5), or a 10th (E5) interval. The 10th interval chord was thought to be impossible in actual execution for biomechanical reasons, as long as the thumb and the index finger remained fixed on the 3rd interval. Chords could be listened from loudspeakers, read on a staff, or listened and read at the same time while performing the imagery task. The corticospinal output progressively increased along with task demands in terms of mental representation of hand extension. The effects of audio, visual, or audiovisual musical stimuli were generally similar, unless motor imagery of kinetically impossible triads was required. A specific three-effector motor synergy was detected, governing the representation of the progressive mental extension of the hand. Results demonstrate that corticospinal facilitation in professional piano players can be modulated according to the motor plan, even if simply \u00e2\u0080\u009cdispatched\u00e2\u0080\u009d without actual execution. Moreover, specific muscle synergies, usually encoded in the motor cortex, emerge along the cross-modal elaboration of musical stimuli and in motor imagery of musical performances. Copyright \u00c2\u00a9 2019 Simone Rossi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License", "authors": [ "Rossi, Simone", "Spada, Danilo", "Emanuele, Marco", "Ulivelli, Monica", "Santarnecchi, Emiliano", "Fadiga, Luciano", "Prattichizzo, Domenico", "Rossi, Alessandro", "Perani, Daniela" ], "categories": null, "citations": 4, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1155/2019/1328453", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "1328453", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1687-5443", "publisher": "Hindawi Publishing Corporation", "sjr": 0.766, "snip": 0.836, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Neural plasticity" }, "publication_date": "2019-04-04", "selected": false, "title": "Cross-Modal Audiovisual Modulation of Corticospinal Motor Synergies in Professional Piano Players: A TMS Study during Motor Imagery.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85066876089&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "50 30 50 30 The cerebellum is implicated in the pathophysiology of numerous movement disorders, which makes it an attractive target for noninvasive neurostimulation. Continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) can induce long lasting plastic changes in human brain; however, the efficacy of different simulation protocols has not been investigated at the cerebellum. Here, we compare a traditional 50-Hz and a modified 30-Hz cTBS protocols at modulating cerebellar activity in healthy subjects. Seventeen healthy adults participated in two testing sessions where they received either 50-Hz (cTBS) or 30-Hz (cTBS) cerebellar cTBS. Cerebellar brain inhibition (CBI), a measure of cerebello-thalamocortical pathway strength, and motor evoked potentials (MEP) were measured in the dominant first dorsal interosseous muscle before and after (up to ~\u200940\u00a0min) cerebellar cTBS. Both cTBS protocols induced cerebellar depression, indicated by significant reductions in CBI (P\u2009<\u20090.001). No differences were found between protocols (cTBS and cTBS) at any time point (P\u2009=\u20090.983). MEP amplitudes were not significantly different following either cTBS protocol (P\u2009=\u20090.130). The findings show cerebellar excitability to be equally depressed by 50-Hz and 30-Hz cTBS in heathy adults and support future work to explore the efficacy of different cerebellar cTBS protocols in movement disorder patients where cerebellar depression could provide therapeutic benefits.", "authors": [ "Strzalkowski, Nicholas D J", "Chau, Aaron D", "Gan, Liu Shi", "Kiss, Zelma H T" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1007/s12311-018-0971-0", "keywords": [ "N Transcranial magnetic stimulation", "N Theta burst stimulation", "D016428 Journal Article", "N TMS", "N Cerebellum", "D016449 Randomized Controlled Trial", "N cTBS" ], "number_of_pages": 9, "pages": "157-165", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1473-4230", "publisher": "Springer New York", "sjr": 0.966, "snip": 1.25, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Cerebellum (London, England)" }, "publication_date": "2019-04-01", "selected": false, "title": "Both 50 and 30 Hz continuous theta burst transcranial magnetic stimulation depresses the cerebellum.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Hemophilia B is an X linked recessive deficiency of factor IX that presents with a range of clinical severity that co-relates with factor levels. Although guidelines exist to guide perioperative hemostasis in such patients, there is scarce data on elective high-risk neurosurgeries, resulting in a reluctance to offer these patients elective neurosurgeries. These patients thus rarely if ever undergo such procedures. We report a unique case of undiagnosed mild hemophilia B in a gentleman that was found incidentally at age 64 during pre-operative workup. This gentleman had intractable Parkinson's disease for which subthalmic deep brain stimulation was indicated. He was found to have a prolonged APTT on initial lab testing. After subsequent workup, and having excluded the presence of inhibitors, he was diagnosed with Hemophilia B. With the use of Factor IX concentrates (AlphaNine\u00ae) and close clinical, laboratory, and radiological monitoring a plan was made for this patient to undergo this procedure. Our patient successfully underwent subthalmic deep brain stimulation with microelectrode recordings and intraoperative test stimulation in a two-step procedure, followed by single channel implantable neurostimulator and extension wire implantations 2\u2009weeks later. The successful peri-operative course of this patient using this novel approach is described, and the need for future data in this regard is emphasized.", "authors": [ "Yacoub, Abdulraheem", "Mohyuddin, Ghulam Rehman", "Nazzaro, Jules M" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1080/00207454.2019.1586685", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Parkinson disease", "N Hemophilia B", "D002363 Case Reports" ], "number_of_pages": 3, "pages": "933-935", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 4.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1563-5279", "publisher": "Informa Healthcare", "sjr": 0.542, "snip": 0.771, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "The International journal of neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2019-03-25", "selected": false, "title": "Bilateral subthalmic nucleus deep brain stimulation with microelectrode recordings in the setting of mild inherited hemophilia B: a case report.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "31 Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a neuromodulatory method that has been tested experimentally and has already been used as an adjuvant therapeutic option to treat a number of neurological disorders and neuropsychiatric diseases. Beyond its well known local effects within the brain, tDCS also transiently promotes systemic glucose uptake and reduces the activity of the neurohormonal stress axes. We aimed to test whether the effects of a single tDCS application could be replicated upon double stimulation to persistently improve systemic glucose tolerance and stress axes activity in humans. In a single-blinded cross-over study, we examined 15 healthy male volunteers. Anodal tDCS vs sham was applied twice in series. Systemic glucose tolerance was investigated by the standard hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic glucose clamp procedure, and parameters of neurohormonal stress axes activity were measured. Because tDCS-induced brain energy consumption has been shown to be part of the mechanism underlying the assumed effects, we monitored the cerebral high-energy phosphates ATP and phosphocreatine by phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy. As hypothesised, analyses revealed that double anodal tDCS persistently increases glucose tolerance compared to sham. Moreover, we observed a significant rise in cerebral high-energy phosphate content upon double tDCS. Accordingly, the activity of the neurohormonal stress axes was reduced upon tDCS compared to sham. Our data demonstrate that double tDCS promotes systemic glucose uptake and reduces stress axes activity in healthy humans. These effects suggest that repetitive tDCS may be a future non-pharmacological option for combating glucose intolerance in type 2 diabetes patients.", "authors": [ "Wardzinski, Ewelina K", "Friedrichsen, Lisa", "Dannenberger, Sina", "Kistenmacher, Alina", "Melchert, Uwe H", "Jauch-Chara, Kamila", "Oltmanns, Kerstin M" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1111/jne.12688", "keywords": [ "N brain stimulation", "N cerebral high-energy phosphates", "D016428 Journal Article", "N tDCS", "N hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N healthy humans", "D016449 Randomized Controlled Trial" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "e12688", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1365-2826", "publisher": "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd", "sjr": 0.928, "snip": 0.916, "subject_areas": [ "Endocrine and Autonomic Systems", "Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience", "Endocrinology", "Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism" ], "title": "Journal of neuroendocrinology" }, "publication_date": "2019-03-19", "selected": false, "title": "Double transcranial direct current stimulation of the brain increases cerebral energy levels and systemic glucose tolerance in men.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique able to induce plasticity phenomena. Although tDCS application has been spreading over a variety of neuroscience domains, the mechanisms by which the stimulation acts are largely unknown. We investigated tDCS effects on cortical gamma synchrony, which is a crucial player in cortical function. We performed a randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind study on healthy subjects, combining tDCS and magnetoencephalography. By driving brain activity via 40 Hz auditory stimulation during magnetoencephalography, we experimentally tuned cortical gamma synchrony and measured it before and after bilateral tDCS of the primary sensory-motor hand regions (anode left, cathode right). We demonstrated that the stimulation induces a remarkable decrease of gamma synchrony (13 out of 15 subjects), as measured by gamma phase at 40 Hz. tDCS has strong remote effects, as the cortical region mostly affected was located far away from the stimulation site and covered a large area of the right centro-temporal cortex. No significant differences between stimulations were found for baseline gamma synchrony, as well as early transient auditory responses. This suggests a specific tDCS effect on externally driven gamma synchronization. This study sheds new light on the effect of tDCS on cortical function showing that the net effect of the stimulation on cortical gamma synchronization is an inhibition. \u00c2\u00a9 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.", "authors": [ "Pellegrino, Giovanni", "Arcara, Giorgio", "Di Pino, Giovanni", "Turco, Cristina", "Maran, Matteo", "Weis, Luca", "Piccione, Francesco", "Siebner, Hartwig Roman" ], "categories": null, "citations": 28, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1002/hbm.24556", "keywords": [ "N ASSR", "D016428 Journal Article", "N tDCS", "N auditory stated state responses", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "D016449 Randomized Controlled Trial", "N magnetoencephalography", "N MEG", "N gamma", "N synchrony" ], "number_of_pages": 11, "pages": "2736-2746", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 9.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1097-0193", "publisher": "Wiley-Liss Inc.", "sjr": 1.688, "snip": 1.395, "subject_areas": [ "Radiological and Ultrasound Technology", "Anatomy", "Neurology", "Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging", "Neurology (clinical)" ], "title": "Human brain mapping" }, "publication_date": "2019-03-10", "selected": false, "title": "Transcranial direct current stimulation over the sensory-motor regions inhibits gamma synchrony.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85062798863&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a well-established treatment for motor complications in Parkinson disease (PD). Since 2012, the nonrechargeable dual-channel neurostimulator available in France seems to have shorter battery longevity compared to the same manufacturer's previous model.\nOBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the battery longevity of older and more recent neurostimulators from the same manufacturer and to explore factors associated with battery life variations.\nMATERIALS AND METHODS \u00ae \u00ae We retrospectively studied our cohort of PD patients who underwent STN DBS between 1987 and 2017. We collected data concerning neurostimulator replacements and parameters. We compared the survival of the first device available, Kinetra and the current one, Activa-PC (Medtronic Inc.) and estimated the factors that had an impact on battery longevity through a Cox logistic regression.\nRESULTS \u00ae \u00ae \u00ae \u00ae Three hundred sixty-four PD patients received a total of 654 DBS STN neurostimulators: 317 Kinetra and 337 Activa-PC. The survival analysis, using the Kaplan-Meier estimator, showed a difference between the curves of the two devices (log-rank test; p\u202f<\u202f0.001). The median survival of an Activa-PC neurostimulator was 1666 days, while it was 2379 days for a Kinetra. After adjustment, according to the multivariate analysis, the main factors associated with battery lifetime were: the neurostimulator type; the number of subsequent neurostimulator implantations; the total electrical energy delivered (TEED); and sex.\nCONCLUSION \u00ae \u00ae The Kinetra neurostimulator lifetime is 2.5 years longer than the Activa-PC. The type of the device, the high TEED and the number of subsequent neurostimulator implantations influence battery longevity most. These results have medical-economic implications since the survival of PD patients with DBS increases over years.", "authors": [ "Sette, A L", "Seigneuret, E", "Reymond, F", "Chabardes, S", "Castrioto, A", "Boussat, B", "Moro, E", "Fran\u00e7ois, P", "Fraix, V" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.brs.2019.02.006", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Parkinson disease", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Neurostimulator", "N Battery longevity" ], "number_of_pages": 7, "pages": "851-857", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 12.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1876-4754", "publisher": "Elsevier Inc.", "sjr": 2.184, "snip": 1.816, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Biophysics", "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Brain stimulation" }, "publication_date": "2019-02-25", "selected": false, "title": "Battery longevity of neurostimulators in Parkinson disease: A historic cohort study.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND Closed loop deep brain stimulation (clDBS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) using subthalamic (STN) neural feedback has been shown to be efficacious only in the acute post-operative setting, using externalized leads and stimulators.\nOBJECTIVE To determine feasibility of neural (N)clDBS using the clinical implanted neurostimulator (Activa\u2122 PC\u00a0+\u00a0S, FDA IDE approved) and a novel beta dual threshold algorithm in tremor and bradykinesia dominant PD patients on chronic DBS.\nMETHODS 13 PD subjects (20 STNs), on open loop (ol)DBS for 22\u202f\u00b1\u202f7.8 months, consented to NclDBS driven by beta (13-30\u202fHz) power using a dual threshold algorithm, based on patient specific therapeutic voltage windows. Tremor was assessed continuously, and bradykinesia was evaluated after 20\u202fmin of NclDBS using a repetitive wrist flexion-extension task (rWFE). Total electrical energy delivered (TEED) on NclDBS was compared to olDBS using the same active electrode.\nRESULTS NclDBS was tolerated for 21.67 [21.10-26.15] minutes; no subject stopped early. Resting beta band power was measurable and similar between tremor and bradykinesia dominant patients. NclDBS improved bradykinesia and tremor while delivering only 56.86% of the TEED of olDBS; rWFE velocity (p\u202f=\u202f0.003) and frequency (p\u202f<\u202f0.001) increased; tremor was below 0.15\u202frad/sec for 95.4% of the trial and averaged 0.26\u202frad/sec when present.\nCONCLUSION This is the first study to demonstrate that STN NclDBS is feasible, efficacious and more efficient than olDBS in tremor and bradykinesia dominant PD patients, on long-term DBS, using an implanted clinical neurostimulator and driven by beta power with a novel dual threshold algorithm, based on customized therapeutic voltage windows.", "authors": [ "Velisar, A", "Syrkin-Nikolau, J", "Blumenfeld, Z", "Trager, M H", "Afzal, M F", "Prabhakar, V", "Bronte-Stewart, H" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.brs.2019.02.020", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "N Bradykinesia", "N Parkinson's disease", "N Tremor", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Closed loop", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Human" ], "number_of_pages": 9, "pages": "868-876", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 12.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1876-4754", "publisher": "Elsevier Inc.", "sjr": 2.184, "snip": 1.816, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Biophysics", "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Brain stimulation" }, "publication_date": "2019-02-25", "selected": false, "title": "Dual threshold neural closed loop deep brain stimulation in Parkinson disease patients.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Thoracic damage control surgery (TDCS) is a decision making tool and derivate of the damage control concept (DCC), where physiological stabilization has a priority over anatomical reconstruction under the pressure of time. Intrathoracic haemorrhage control and pleural decompression are the two main immediate tasks of TDCS, while definitive procedures follow when the patient is stabilised in 24-48 hours. The focus of the thoracic surgeon is on the prevention of the haemorrhage induced coagulopathy, metabolic acidosis and hypothermy formed triad of death. Surgical haemorrhage control and pleural space decompression are to be performed. The individual patients beneft from TDCS procedures whose condition is too severe for a complex immediate reconstruction (polytrauma). Life threatening chest injuries in multiple/mass casualty scenarios in civilian and military environment alike are triaged and treated accordingly. Onset of acute mismatch between the resources (available hands, OP theaters, resources, hardware) and the needs (number and severity of chest trauma cases), a mindset shift should take place, where time and space the two main limiting factors. Airway obstruction, tension haemo/pneumothorax falls into the preventable death category. Chest drainage and emergency thoracotomy are the two main procedures offered by TDCS. An intervention structured organ/injury specifc list of procedures is detailed. This is a mix of emergency surgery and cardiothoracic surgery, where less is more. TDSC is not the Holy Grail found to solve all complex thoracic trauma cases, but is a good tool to increase the chance for survival in challenging, and frequently quite hopeless situations. \u00c2\u00a9 Journal of Thoracic Disease. All rights reserved.", "authors": [ "Molnar, Tamas F" ], "categories": null, "citations": 9, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.21037/jtd.2018.11.32", "keywords": [ "N acute lung injury", "D016428 Journal Article", "D016454 Review", "N Chest trauma", "N thoracic surgery", "N damage control concept" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "S158-S166", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 4.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2072-1439", "publisher": "Pioneer Bioscience Publishing Company (PBPC)", "sjr": 0.646, "snip": 1.017, "subject_areas": [ "Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine" ], "title": "Journal of thoracic disease" }, "publication_date": "2019-02-01", "selected": false, "title": "Thoracic damage control surgery.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85061589278&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Integrating different visual features into a coherent object is a central challenge for the visual system, which is referred as the binding problem. Firstly, this review introduces the conception of the binding problem and the theoretical and empirical controversies regarding whether and how the binding processes are implemented in visual system. Although many neurons throughout the visual hierarchy are known to code multiple features, feature binding is recruited by visual system. Feature misbinding (or illusory conjunction) is probably the most striking evidence for the existence of the binding mechanism. Next, this review summarizes some critical issues in feature binding literature, including early binding theories, late binding theories, neural synchrony theory, the feature integration theory and re-entry processing theory. Feature binding is not a fully automatic or bottom-up processing. Reentrant connection from higher visual areas to early visual cortex (top-down processes) plays a critical role in feature binding, especially in active feature binding (i.e. feature misbinding). In addition, with electrophysiology, electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG) and transcranial electric stimulation (tEs) approaches, recent studies explored both correlational and causal relations between brain oscillations and feature binding, suggesting that brain oscillations are of great importance for feature binding. Finally, this review discusses some potential problems and open questions associated with visual feature binding mechanisms which need to be addressed in future studies.", "authors": [ "Zhang, Yan-Yu" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": null, "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 12, "pages": "33-44", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 1.2, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "0371-0874", "publisher": "Kexue Chubaneshe/Science Press", "sjr": 0.186, "snip": 0.257, "subject_areas": [ "Physiology" ], "title": "Sheng li xue bao : [Acta physiologica Sinica]" }, "publication_date": "2019-02-01", "selected": false, "title": "[Neural mechanisms of visual feature binding].", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Tinnitus, a phantom auditory percept, is strongly associated with cochlear trauma. The latter leads to central changes in auditory pathways such as increased spontaneous activity and this may be involved in tinnitus generation. As not all people with cochlear trauma develop tinnitus, recent studies argue that non-auditory structures, such as prefrontal cortex (PFC), play an important role in tinnitus development. As part of sensory gating circuitry, PFC may modify activity in auditory thalamus and consequently in auditory cortex. Human studies suggest that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a non-invasive tool for neurostimulation, can alter tinnitus perception. This study used a guinea pig model of hearing loss and tinnitus to investigate effects of low-intensity rTMS (LI-rTMS) over PFC on tinnitus and spontaneous activity in auditory thalamus. In addition, immunohistochemistry for calbindin and parvalbumin in PFC was used to investigate the possible mechanism of action of LI-rTMS. Three treatment groups were compared: sham treatment, LI, low frequency (1\u00a0Hz) or LI, high frequency (10\u00a0Hz) rTMS (10\u00a0min/day, 2\u00a0weeks, weekdays only). None of the treatments affected the behavioural measures of tinnitus but spontaneous activity was significantly increased in auditory thalamus after 1\u00a0Hz and 10\u00a0Hz treatment. Immunostaining showed significant effects of rTMS on the density of calcium-binding protein expressing neurons in the dorsal regions of the PFC suggesting that rTMS treatment evoked plasticity in cortex. In addition, calbindin-positive neuron density in the superficial region of PFC was negatively correlated with spontaneous activity in auditory thalamus suggesting a possible mechanism for change in activity observed.", "authors": [ "Mulders, Wilhelmina H A M", "Leggett, K", "Mendis, V", "Tarawneh, H", "Wong, J K", "Rodger, J" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1007/s00221-018-05468-w", "keywords": [ "N Gap prepulse inhibition", "N Guinea pig", "N Tinnitus", "#text", "N Compound action potential", "N Audiogram", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": 14, "pages": "883-896", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1432-1106", "publisher": "Springer Verlag", "sjr": 0.662, "snip": 0.85, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Experimental brain research" }, "publication_date": "2019-01-16", "selected": false, "title": "Low-intensity repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over prefrontal cortex in an animal model alters activity in the auditory thalamus but does not affect behavioural measures of tinnitus.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The first aim of this article is to analyze the risk/benefit ratio of using psychotropic drugs approved in some countries for treating fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) during pregnancy. Assessing the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions is the second scope of this article, in order to help clinicians to manage FMS in pregnancy in those countries were no drugs are approved for treating the disease. Following the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews, a literature search was conducted on PubMed and Google Scholar. Separate literature searches were performed for the three psychotropic drugs approved in the USA for treating FMS, psychotherapy, and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Perinatal duloxetine exposure is associated with increased risk of gestational and perinatal complications. With regards pregabalin, available information suggests that the drug is not devoid of structural teratogenicity potential. No data are available for milnacipran. Duloxetine and pregabalin should be only given to pregnant women diagnosed with severe forms of FMS after carefully weighing the benefits and risks for the mother-fetus dyad. On the other hand, we have to consider that the proportion of women who discontinue psychotropic drugs during pregnancy is as high as 85.4%. This figure raises further questions about adequate alternative treatment of FMS during the perinatal period. Moreover, neither duloxetine nor milnacipran or pregabalin have been approved by the EMEA for the treatment of FMS. Unfortunately, psychological treatment of FMS in perinatal women are not yet tested and data on TMS are conflicting. \u00c2\u00a9 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.", "authors": [ "Gentile, Salvatore", "Fusco, Maria Luigia" ], "categories": null, "citations": 4, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1007/s00737-018-0933-z", "keywords": [ "N Transcranial magnetic stimulation", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Milnacipran", "N Fibromyalgia", "N Duloxetine", "N Cognitive behavioral therapy", "N Pregabalin", "D000078182 Systematic Review" ], "number_of_pages": 11, "pages": "711-721", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1435-1102", "publisher": "Springer-Verlag Wien", "sjr": 1.439, "snip": 1.767, "subject_areas": [ "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Obstetrics and Gynecology" ], "title": "Archives of women's mental health" }, "publication_date": "2019-01-03", "selected": false, "title": "Managing fibromyalgia syndrome in pregnancy no bridges between USA and EU.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85059672926&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND The Medtronic Registry for Epilepsy (MORE; Medtronic Inc, Dublin, Ireland) is an open label observational study evaluating the long-term effectiveness, safety, and performance of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the anterior nucleus of thalamus (ANT) for the treatment of refractory epilepsy.\nOBJECTIVE To compare the difference in success rate of placing contacts at ANT-target region (ANT-TR) between transventricular (TV) and extraventricular (EV) lead trajectories in 73 ANT-DBS implants in 17 European centers participating in the MORE registry.\nMETHODS The success rate of placing contacts at ANT-TR was evaluated using a screening method combining both individual patient imaging information and stereotactic atlas information to identify contacts at ANT-TR.\nRESULTS EV lead trajectory was used in 53% of the trajectories. Approximately, 90% of the TV lead trajectories had at least 1 contact at ANT-TR, vs only 71% of the EV lead trajectories. The success rate for placing at least 1 contact at ANT-TR bilaterally was 84% for TV implants and 58% for EV implants (P < .05; Fisher's exact). No intracranial bleedings were observed, but 1 cortical infarct was reported following EV lead trajectory.\nCONCLUSION The results of this registry support the use of TV lead trajectories for ANT-DBS as they have a higher probability in placing contacts at ANT-TR, without appearing to compromise procedural safety. Follow-up data collection is continuing in the MORE registry. These data will provide outcomes associated with TV and EV trajectories.", "authors": [ "Lehtim\u00e4ki, Kai", "Coenen, Volker A", "Gon\u00e7alves Ferreira, Antonio", "Boon, Paul", "Elger, Christian", "Taylor, Rod S", "Ryvlin, Philippe", "Gil-Nagel, Antonio", "Gielen, Frans", "Brionne, Thomas C", "Abouihia, Abdallah", "Beth, Gr\u00e9gory", "None, None" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1093/neuros/nyy023", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 10, "pages": "141-150", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1524-4040", "publisher": "Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications", "sjr": 1.221, "snip": 2.325, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "Neurosurgery" }, "publication_date": "2019-01-01", "selected": false, "title": "The Surgical Approach to the Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus in Patients With Refractory Epilepsy: Experience from the International Multicenter Registry (MORE).", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Post-stroke neurological deficits, such as sensorimotor impairments, are often permanent and a leading cause of disability. Stroke is also associated with changes in neuronal synchrony among different brain areas. Multiple studies demonstrated that non-invasive brain stimulation, such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), enhances the efficacy of existing rehabilitative therapies. We hypothesized that the therapeutic effects of tDCS could be due to its influence on neuronal synchrony. To study this, we recorded local field potentials in rats treated with anodal tDCS (a-tDCS) after unilateral ischemic motor cortex lesion. To enhance the effect of a-tDCS on neuronal synchrony, we added monopolar pulses (a-tDCSmp) during a treatment. We found that ischemic lesions reduced interhemispheric coherence in the low gamma frequency range. By contrast, a-tDCSmp treatment increased interhemispheric coherence along with motor improvement in a skilled reaching task. These observations indicate that increased neuronal coherence is a likely mechanism by which tDCS improves stroke recovery. Moreover, this work adds to previous evidence that measures of brain coherence could be used as a biomarker of stroke recovery, which may help in the design of more effective tDCS protocols for stroke rehabilitation.", "authors": [ "Schjetnan, Andrea Gp", "Gidyk, Darryl C", "Metz, Gerlinde As", "Luczak, Artur" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": null, "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 12, "pages": "290-301", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 2.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1689-0035", "publisher": "Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology", "sjr": 0.339, "snip": 0.35, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Acta neurobiologiae experimentalis" }, "publication_date": "2019-01-01", "selected": false, "title": "Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation with monopolar pulses improves limb use after stroke by enhancing inter-hemispheric coherence.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Post-stroke neurological deficits, such as sensorimotor impairments, are often permanent and a leading cause of disability. Stroke is also associated with changes in neuronal synchrony among different brain areas. Multiple studies demonstrated that non-invasive brain stimulation, such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), enhances the efficacy of existing rehabilitative therapies. We hypothesized that the therapeutic effects of tDCS could be due to its influence on neuronal synchrony. To study this, we recorded local field potentials in rats treated with anodal tDCS (a-tDCS) after unilateral ischemic motor cortex lesion. To enhance the effect of a-tDCS on neuronal synchrony, we added monopolar pulses (a-tDCSmp) during a treatment. We found that ischemic lesions reduced interhemispheric coherence in the low gamma frequency range. By contrast, a-tDCSmp treatment increased interhemispheric coherence along with motor improvement in a skilled reaching task. These observations indicate that increased neuronal coherence is a likely mechanism by which tDCS improves stroke recovery. Moreover, this work adds to previous evidence that measures of brain coherence could be used as a biomarker of stroke recovery, which may help in the design of more effective tDCS protocols for stroke rehabilitation. \u00c2\u00a9 2019, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology. All rights reserved.", "authors": [ "Schjetnan, A.G.P.", "Gidyk, D.C.", "Metz, G.A.S.", "Luczak, A." ], "categories": null, "citations": 5, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus" ], "doi": "10.21307/ane-2019-027", "keywords": [ "Stroke", "Sensorimotor cortex", "Electrophysiology" ], "number_of_pages": 12, "pages": "290-301", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 2.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "00651400", "publisher": "Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology", "sjr": 0.339, "snip": 0.35, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis" }, "publication_date": "2019-01-01", "selected": false, "title": "Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation with monopolar pulses improves limb use after stroke by enhancing inter-hemispheric coherence", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85072917139&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Non-invasive repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a neuromodulation technique in which time-varying magnetic fields induce electric fields on the patient's brain, thus stimulating neurons in the targeted cortical region. We have created a new model of the basal ganglia motor pathway in the human brain, using the Python package called NEST. We simulated healthy nuclei with random noise and connection weights optimized to mimic established background neuronal activity noise in the connecting nuclei. We then simulated Parkinsonism by removing dopaminergic (DAergic) input from the substantia nigra pars compacta to the striatum. The results showed the production of characteristic Parkinsonian neuronal features, ranging from pathological highly irregular to burst signals matching those found during in vivo animal and human microelectrode recording studies. With the model thus validated, we modeled deep brain stimulation (DBS) current delivery to the globus pallidus internus (GPi) in a Parkinsonian brain and simulated neuron firing as an effect of DBS. Finally, repetitive TMS at various frequencies was simulated at the level of the motor cortex, which produced predicted downstream firing rate effects and intra-neuronal synchrony at the level of the GPi. Although typical clinical TMS at 10 pulses/s was suggested to offer some beneficial effects, firing rates and patterns and desynchronous firing were most effectively normalized to match those seen in a healthy GPi upon stimulation at 50 pulses/s. Thus, our modeling suggests that cortical, non-invasive TMS may be a viable alternative to DBS surgery for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). \u00c2\u00a9 1965-2012 IEEE.", "authors": [ "F. Syeda", "D. Kumbhare", "M. S. Baron", "R. L. Hadimani" ], "categories": null, "citations": 3, "comments": null, "databases": [ "IEEE", "Scopus" ], "doi": "10.1109/TMAG.2019.2904023", "keywords": [ "TMS", "motor pathway model", "magnetic neuromodulation", "Deep brain stimulation (DBS)", "TMS for Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD)" ], "number_of_pages": 5, "pages": "1-5", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 4.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1941-0069", "publisher": "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.", "sjr": 0.664, "snip": 1.144, "subject_areas": [ "Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials", "Electrical and Electronic Engineering" ], "title": "IEEE Transactions on Magnetics" }, "publication_date": "2019-01-01", "selected": false, "title": "Modeling of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Versus Pallidal Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson\u2019s Disease", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85067860176&origin=inward", "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=8676379" ] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND The control of the anatomic position of the active contacts is essential to understand the effects and adapt the settings of the neurostimulation. The localization is commonly assessed by a registration between the preoperative MRI and the postoperative CT scan. However, its accuracy depends on the quality of the registration algorithm and many software programs are available.\nOBJECTIVE To compare the localization of implanted deep brain stimulation (DBS) leads in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) between four registration devices.\nMETHODS The preoperative stereotactic MRI was co-registered and fused with the 3-month postoperative CT scan in 27 patients implanted in the STN for Parkinson's disease (53 leads). Localizations of the active contacts were calculated in the stereotactic frame space and compared between software programs.\nRESULTS The coordinates of the active contacts were different between software programs in the 3 axes (p < 0.001) with a mean vectorial error between the deepest contact locations of 1.17 mm (95% CI 1.09-1.25).\nCONCLUSION We found a small but significant difference in the coordinates calculated on four different devices. These results have to be considered when performing studies comparing active contact locations or when following patients with an implanted DBS lead.", "authors": [ "Engelhardt, Julien", "Guehl, Dominique", "Damon-Perri\u00e8re, Nathalie", "Branchard, Olivier", "Burbaud, Pierre", "Cuny, Emmanuel" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1159/000494982", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "N Registration algorithm", "D016430 Clinical Trial", "D016428 Journal Article", "D003160 Comparative Study", "N CT/MRI registration", "N Planning software" ], "number_of_pages": 6, "pages": "364-369", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1423-0372", "publisher": "S. Karger AG", "sjr": 0.446, "snip": 0.767, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery" }, "publication_date": "2018-12-19", "selected": false, "title": "Localization of Deep Brain Stimulation Electrode by Image Registration Is Software Dependent: A Comparative Study between Four Widely Used Software Programs.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Episodic memory is thought to rely on interactions of the hippocampus with other regions of the distributed hippocampal-cortical network (HCN) via interregional activity synchrony in the theta frequency band. We sought to causally test this hypothesis using network-targeted transcranial magnetic stimulation. Healthy human participants completed four experimental sessions, each involving a different stimulation pattern delivered to the same individualized parietal cortex location of the HCN for all sessions. There were three active stimulation conditions, including continuous theta-burst stimulation, intermittent theta-burst stimulation, and beta-frequency (20-Hz) repetitive stimulation, and one sham condition. Resting-state fMRI and episodic memory testing were used to assess the impact of stimulation on hippocampal fMRI connectivity related to retrieval success. We hypothesized that theta-burst stimulation conditions would most strongly influence hippocampal-HCN fMRI connectivity and retrieval, given the hypothesized relevance of theta-band activity for HCN memory function. Continuous theta-burst stimulation improved item retrieval success relative to sham and relative to beta-frequency stimulation, whereas intermittent theta-burst stimulation led to numerical but nonsignificant item retrieval improvement. Mean hippocampal fMRI connectivity did not vary for any stimulation conditions, whereas individual differences in retrieval improvements due to continuous theta-burst stimulation were associated with corresponding increases in fMRI connectivity between the hippocampus and other HCN locations. No such memory-related connectivity effects were identified for the other stimulation conditions, indicating that only continuous theta-burst stimulation affected memory-related hippocampal-HCN connectivity. Furthermore, these effects were specific to the targeted HCN, with no significant memory-related fMRI connectivity effects for two distinct control brain networks. These findings support a causal role for fMRI connectivity of the hippocampus with the HCN in episodic memory retrieval and indicate that contributions of this network to retrieval are particularly sensitive to continuous theta-burst noninvasive stimulation. \u00c2\u00a9 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.", "authors": [ "Hermiller, Molly S", "VanHaerents, Stephen", "Raij, Tommi", "Voss, Joel L" ], "categories": null, "citations": 37, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1002/hipo.23054", "keywords": [ "N recognition", "D016428 Journal Article", "N TMS", "D052061 Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "N neuromodulation", "N theta-burst stimulation", "N hippocampus" ], "number_of_pages": 15, "pages": "595-609", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1098-1063", "publisher": "Wiley-Liss Inc.", "sjr": 1.246, "snip": 0.843, "subject_areas": [ "Cognitive Neuroscience" ], "title": "Hippocampus" }, "publication_date": "2018-12-11", "selected": false, "title": "Frequency-specific noninvasive modulation of memory retrieval and its relationship with hippocampal network connectivity.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85058244743&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Introduction Areas covered Expert Commentary : Neuromodulation devices can be safe and effective for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy. A body of scientific work supports peripheral, subcortical and cortical targets, each with different fundamental methods of action. : High-quality evidence is available for vagal nerve stimulation (VNS), deep brain stimulation (DBS), and responsive neurostimulation (RNS). Mechanistic research in animals and human studies are reviewed, along with key data from VNS, DBS, and RNS clinical trials. Specifically, the authors review some of the science behind the most frequently used medical devices for neuromodulation, the evidence that lead to their adoption, a delineation of the populations that often benefit from these devices, and perspectives on clinical practice to optimize benefit in treatment of seizures. : Neuromodulation is increasingly used to complement medical management of refractory epilepsy. Device preference will be made on the basis of patient preference, physician familiarity and other individualized factors. Right now, the field is very new and decision-making will improve with experience.", "authors": [ "Markert, Matthew S", "Fisher, Robert S" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1080/14737175.2019.1554433", "keywords": [ "N epilepsy", "N deep brain stimulation (DBS)", "N closed loop", "D016428 Journal Article", "N brain interface", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "D016454 Review", "N Neurostimulation", "N vagus nerve stimulation (VNS)", "N neuromodulation", "N responsive neurostimulation (RNS)" ], "number_of_pages": 13, "pages": "17-29", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1744-8360", "publisher": "Taylor and Francis Ltd.", "sjr": 0.995, "snip": 1.294, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neuroscience (all)", "Pharmacology (medical)" ], "title": "Expert review of neurotherapeutics" }, "publication_date": "2018-12-11", "selected": false, "title": "Neuromodulation - Science and Practice in Epilepsy: Vagus Nerve Stimulation, Thalamic Deep Brain Stimulation, and Responsive NeuroStimulation.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "INTRODUCTION It remains to be clarified whether penetration of the caudate nucleus increases the risk of cognitive decline in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) undergoing deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN).\nMETHODS A retrospective analysis of pre/postoperative neuropsychological changes was performed with 46 consecutive patients with PD who underwent DBS of the STN. In particular, to evaluate the possible relationship between cognitive changes and DBS lead trajectories, repeated-measures ANCOVAs were conducted to analyze the effects of group (23 patients with vs 23 patients without penetration of the caudate nucleus) and time (T0 vs T1) for each neuropsychological test.\nRESULTS 2 A statistically significant main effect of time was observed in the Trail Making Test - Part B (TMT-B), as well as in both the phonemic and semantic (F [1, 44]\u202f=\u202f35.59, p\u202f<\u202f0.001, PrtEta\u202f=\u202f0.447) verbal fluency tasks, and the results suggested postoperative cognitive decline. However, no significant interaction effects of time and group were observed. The results indicated that the extent of the decline was comparable between the caudate and non-caudate penetration groups, and no relationship was found between cognitive changes and caudate penetration.\nCONCLUSION Although postoperative cognitive decline was observed in some attentional-executive functions, which were assessed by the verbal fluency and TMT-B tasks, the trajectory passing through the caudate appeared not to increase the risk of cognitive decline in patients with PD undergoing DBS of the STN.", "authors": [ "Tesio, Valentina", "Rizzi, Laura", "Jiang, Tingting", "Fronda, Chiara", "Lanotte, Michele", "Castelli, Lorys" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.12.005", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "N Parkinson's disease", "N Subthalamic nucleus", "#text", "N Caudate", "N Neuropsychology", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": 5, "pages": "45-49", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1873-5126", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "sjr": 1.05, "snip": 1.19, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Geriatrics and Gerontology", "Neurology" ], "title": "Parkinsonism & related disorders" }, "publication_date": "2018-12-08", "selected": false, "title": "Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease: Relationship between the electrode trajectory and cognitive decline.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy and side effects of bilateral globus pallidus internus (GPi) and subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the same patient with primary dystonia.\nMETHODS METHODS Patients with primary dystonia from the department of functional neurosurgery in Beijing Tiantan Hospital were recruited for the study. Four electrodes were bilaterally implanted in the GPi and STN. A trial stimulation was applied to determine the preliminary therapeutic effects. Five evaluations were conducted: preoperative, postoperative (before stimulation), after sham stimulation, and after stimulation for 24 hours of GPi and STN using optimal parameters, judged by the Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS).\nRESULTS RESULTS The BFMDRS movement score decreased after both short-term GPi stimulation (from 15.3 \u00b1 6.9 to 7.6 \u00b1 4.2, P < 0.05) and short-term STN stimulation (from 15.3 \u00b1 6.9 to 8.6 \u00b1 5.0, P < 0.05). There were significant reductions in facial (eyes and mouth) movement scores after short-term GPi and STN DBS compared with baseline (P < 0.05), but not in cervical symptoms (P > 0.05). The cervical symptoms of tonic dystonia had an improvement after long-term DBS treatment (P < 0.05). There were more adverse events with STN DBS; however, most side effects could be ameliorated by adjusting stimulation parameters.\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS Both short-term GPi and STN stimulation improved the motor symptoms of dystonia, but there was no significant difference between GPi DBS and STN DBS. There were more side effects associated with STN stimulation.", "authors": [ "Liu, Yuye", "Zhu, Guanyu", "Jiang, Yin", "Wang, Xiu", "Chen, Yingchuan", "Meng, Fangang", "Zhang, Kai", "Yang, Anchao", "Liu, Huanguang", "Zhang, Xin", "Zhang, Jianguo" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.wneu.2018.11.137", "keywords": [ "N Subthalamic nucleus (STN)", "N Primary dystonia", "D016428 Journal Article", "D003160 Comparative Study", "N Globus pallidus internus (GPi)", "N Deep brain stimulation (DBS)" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "e211-e217", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1878-8769", "publisher": "Elsevier Inc.", "sjr": 0.591, "snip": 1.032, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "World neurosurgery" }, "publication_date": "2018-11-24", "selected": false, "title": "Comparison of Short-Term Stimulation of the Globus Pallidus Interna and Subthalamic Nucleus for Treatment of Primary Dystonia.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) presents a therapeutic challenge in children, necessitating the consideration of multiple treatment options. Although deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been studied in adults with DRE, little evidence is available to guide clinicians regarding the application of this potentially valuable tool in children. Here, the authors present the first systematic review aimed at understanding the safety and efficacy of DBS for DRE in pediatric populations, emphasizing patient selection, device placement and programming, and seizure outcomes. METHODS The systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and recommendations. Relevant articles were identified from 3 electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL) from their inception to November 17, 2017. Inclusion criteria of individual studies were 1) diagnosis of DRE; 2) treatment with DBS; 3) inclusion of at least 1 pediatric patient (age \u2264 18 years); and 4) patient-specific data. Exclusion criteria for the systematic review included 1) missing data for age, DBS target, or seizure freedom; 2) nonhuman subjects; and 3) editorials, abstracts, review articles, and dissertations. RESULTS This review identified 21 studies and 40 unique pediatric patients (ages 4\u201318 years) who received DBS treatment for epilepsy. There were 18 patients with electrodes placed in the bilateral or unilateral centromedian nucleus of the thalamus (CM) electrodes, 8 patients with bilateral anterior thalamic nucleus (ATN) electrodes, 5 patients with bilateral and unilateral hippocampal electrodes, 3 patients with bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) and 1 patient with unilateral STN electrodes, 2 patients with bilateral posteromedial hypothalamus electrodes, 2 patients with unilateral mammillothalamic tract electrodes, and 1 patient with caudal zona incerta electrode placement. Overall, 5 of the 40 (12.5%) patients had an International League Against Epilepsy class I (i.e., seizure-free) outcome, and 34 of the 40 (85%) patients had seizure reduction with DBS stimulation. CONCLUSIONS DBS is an alternative or adjuvant treatment for children with DRE. Prospective registries and future clinical trials are needed to identify the optimal DBS target, although favorable outcomes are reported with both CM and ATN in children. ABBREVIATIONS ATN = anterior thalamic nucleus; CM = centromedian nucleus of the thalamus; DBS = deep brain stimulation; DRE = drug-resistant epilepsy; RNS = responsive neurostimulation; STN = subthalamic nucleus; VNS = vagus nerve stimulation.", "authors": [ "Yan, Han", "Toyota, Eric", "Anderson, Melanie", "Abel, Taylor J", "Donner, Elizabeth", "Kalia, Suneil K", "Drake, James", "Rutka, James T", "Ibrahim, George M" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.3171/2018.9.PEDS18417", "keywords": [ "N epilepsy", "N VNS = vagus nerve stimulation", "N DBS = deep brain stimulation", "N DBS", "D016428 Journal Article", "N RNS = responsive neurostimulation", "N STN = subthalamic nucleus", "N children", "N functional neurosurgery", "N DRE = drug-resistant epilepsy", "N ATN = anterior thalamic nucleus", "N CM = centromedian nucleus of the thalamus", "D000078182 Systematic Review" ], "number_of_pages": 11, "pages": "274-284", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 4.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1933-0715", "publisher": "American Association of Neurological Surgeons", "sjr": 0.812, "snip": 1.209, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health", "Surgery" ], "title": "Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics" }, "publication_date": "2018-11-01", "selected": false, "title": "A systematic review of deep brain stimulation for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy in childhood.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Cerebellar-prefrontal connectivity has been recognized as important for behaviors ranging from motor coordination to cognition. Many of these behaviors are known to involve excitatory or inhibitory modulations from the prefrontal cortex. We used cerebellar transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) to probe cerebellar-evoked electrical activity in prefrontal cortical areas and used magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) measures of prefrontal GABA and glutamate levels to determine if they are correlated with those potentials. Cerebellar-evoked bilateral prefrontal synchrony in the theta to gamma frequency range showed patterns that reflect strong GABAergic inhibitory function (r = \u00e2\u0088\u0092 0.66, p = 0.002). Stimulation of prefrontal areas evoked bilateral prefrontal synchrony in the theta to low beta frequency range that reflected, conversely, glutamatergic excitatory function (r = 0.66, p = 0.002) and GABAergic inhibitory function (r = \u00e2\u0088\u0092 0.65, p = 0.002). Cerebellar-evoked prefrontal synchronization had opposite associations with cognition and motor coordination: it was positively associated with working memory performance (r = 0.57, p = 0.008) but negatively associated with coordinated motor function as measured by rapid finger tapping (r = \u00e2\u0088\u0092 0.59, p = 0.006). The results suggest a relationship between regional GABA levels and interregional effects on synchrony. Stronger cerebellar-evoked prefrontal synchrony was associated with better working memory but surprisingly worse motor coordination, which suggests competing effects for motor activity and cognition. The data supports the use of a TMS-EEG-MRS approach to study the neurochemical basis of large-scale oscillations modulated by the cerebellar-prefrontal connectivity. \u00c2\u00a9 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.", "authors": [ "Du, Xiaoming", "Rowland, Laura M", "Summerfelt, Ann", "Choa, Fow-Sen", "Wittenberg, George F", "Wisner, Krista", "Wijtenburg, Andrea", "Chiappelli, Joshua", "Kochunov, Peter", "Hong, L Elliot" ], "categories": null, "citations": 18, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1007/s12311-018-0945-2", "keywords": [ "@UI", "N Oscillation", "N TMS", "N Cerebellum", "N MRS", "N Cerebellar-frontal", "N EEG", "#text" ], "number_of_pages": 14, "pages": "550-563", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1473-4230", "publisher": "Springer New York", "sjr": 0.966, "snip": 1.25, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Cerebellum (London, England)" }, "publication_date": "2018-10-01", "selected": false, "title": "Cerebellar-Stimulation Evoked Prefrontal Electrical Synchrony Is Modulated by GABA.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85046894533&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Synchronous network activity plays a crucial role in complex brain functions. Stimulating the nervous system with applied electric field (EF) is a common tool for probing network responses. We used a gold wire-embedded silk protein film-based interface culture to investigate the effects of applied EFs on random cortical networks of in vitro cultures. Two-week-old cultures were exposed to EF of 27 mV/mm for <1 h and monitored by time-lapse calcium imaging. Network activity was represented by calcium signal time series mapped to source neurons and analyzed by using a community detection algorithm. Cortical cultures exhibited large scale, synchronized oscillations under alternating EF of changing frequencies. Field polarity and frequency change were both found to be necessary for network synchrony, as monophasic pulses of similar frequency changes or EF of a constant frequency failed to induce correlated activities of neurons. Group-specific oscillatory patterns were entrained by network-level synchronous oscillations when the alternating EF frequency was increased from 0.2 Hz to 200 kHz. Binary responses of either activity increase or decrease contributed to the opposite phase patterns of different sub-populations. Conversely, when the EF frequency decreased over the same range span, more complex behavior emerged showing group-specific amplitude and phase patterns. These findings formed the basis of a hypothesized network control mechanism for temporal coordination of distributed neuronal activity, involving coordinated stimulation by alternating polarity, and time delay by change of frequency. These novel EF effects on random neural networks have important implications for brain functional studies and neuromodulation applications. \u00c2\u00a9 2007 - 2018 Frontiers Media S.A. All Rights Reserved.", "authors": [ "Tang-Schomer, Min D", "Jackvony, Taylor", "Santaniello, Sabato" ], "categories": null, "citations": 6, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.3389/fnins.2018.00630", "keywords": [ "N neural interface", "N neurostimulation", "N network analysis", "#text", "N neural synchronization", "N in vitro culture", "N silk biomaterials", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "630", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.8, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1662-4548", "publisher": "Frontiers Media S.A.", "sjr": 1.161, "snip": 1.221, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Frontiers in neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2018-09-21", "selected": false, "title": "in vitro Cortical Network Synchrony Under Applied Electrical Field .", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85055128409&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE To report the establishment of a new center for deep brain stimulation (DBS) as a surgical treatment for Parkinson disease and the surgical outcomes, from 2014 to 2017 in Shiraz, Southern Iran.\nMETHODS METHODS A new treatment program was established in Shiraz through a multidisciplinary team in 2014. Thirty-four patients underwent implantation of subthalamic nucleus (STN) electrodes during the last 3 years. Twenty-five patients fulfilled the minimum 6-month follow-up criteria. The baseline Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) was assessed 1 month before surgery in both off-medication and on-medication states by a movement disorder neurologist. To evaluate the outcomes, subscores of the UPDRS were assessed in all patients before surgery and at least 6 months after the operation.\nRESULTS RESULTS All 25 patients had advanced Parkinson disease categorized as stage 3 or 4 using the Hoehn and Yahr scale. STN DBS resulted in a dramatic improvement in motor function of most patients. A reduction in dopaminergic medication dosage (average 60% reduction) was observed. The mean improvement was 40% in UPDRS II and 67% in UPDRS III. No surgical or hardware complications were observed. Stimulation-related adverse effects, including increased falling and worsening of speech, occurred in a few patients after surgery. Most of the patients experienced weight gain after surgery.\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS Bilateral STN DBS is a satisfactory and safe treatment for carefully selected patients with advanced Parkinson disease. According to the results, the procedure can be performed safely and with comparable results in developing countries around the world.", "authors": [ "Razmkon, Ali", "Yousefi, Omid", "Rezaei, Raziyeh", "Salehi, Sina", "Petramfar, Peyman", "Mani, Arash", "Rahmati, Hashem", "Vaidyanathan, Janardan", "Ilami, Ghazal", "Amirmoezzi, Yalda" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.wneu.2018.09.035", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "@UI", "N Parkinson disease", "N Subthalamic nucleus", "N Developing country", "#text" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "e129-e135", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1878-8769", "publisher": "Elsevier Inc.", "sjr": 0.591, "snip": 1.032, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "World neurosurgery" }, "publication_date": "2018-09-17", "selected": false, "title": "Initial Results of Bilateral Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation for Parkinson Disease in a Newly Established Center in a Developing Country: Shiraz, Southern Iran.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Freezing of gait (FOG) is a devastating axial motor symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD) leading to falls, institutionalization, and even death. The response of FOG to dopaminergic medication and deep brain stimulation (DBS) is complex, variable, and yet to be optimized. Fundamental gaps in the knowledge of the underlying neurobiomechanical mechanisms of FOG render this symptom one of the unsolved challenges in the treatment of PD. Subcortical neural mechanisms of gait impairment and FOG in PD are largely unknown due to the challenge of accessing deep brain circuitry and measuring neural signals in real time in freely-moving subjects. Additionally, there is a lack of gait tasks that reliably elicit FOG. Since FOG is episodic, we hypothesized that dynamic features of subthalamic (STN) beta oscillations, or beta bursts, may contribute to the Freezer phenotype in PD during gait tasks that elicit FOG. We also investigated whether STN DBS at 60\u202fHz or 140\u202fHz affected beta burst dynamics and gait impairment differently in Freezers and Non-Freezers. Synchronized STN local field potentials, from an implanted, sensing neurostimulator (Activa\u00ae PC\u202f+\u202fS, Medtronic, Inc.), and gait kinematics were recorded in 12 PD subjects, off-medication during forward walking and stepping-in-place tasks under the following randomly presented conditions: NO, 60\u202fHz, and 140\u202fHz DBS. Prolonged movement band beta burst durations differentiated Freezers from Non-Freezers, were a pathological neural feature of FOG and were shortened during DBS which improved gait. Normal gait parameters, accompanied by shorter bursts in Non-Freezers, were unchanged during DBS. The difference between the mean burst duration between hemispheres (STNs) of all individuals strongly correlated with the difference in stride time between their legs but there was no correlation between mean burst duration of each STN and stride time of the contralateral leg, suggesting an interaction between hemispheres influences gait. These results suggest that prolonged STN beta burst durations measured during gait is an important biomarker for FOG and that STN DBS modulated long not short burst durations, thereby acting to restore physiological sensorimotor information processing, while improving gait.", "authors": [ "Anidi, Chioma", "O'Day, Johanna J", "Anderson, Ross W", "Afzal, Muhammad Furqan", "Syrkin-Nikolau, Judy", "Velisar, Anca", "Bronte-Stewart, Helen M" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.nbd.2018.09.004", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "N Parkinson's disease", "N Beta bursts", "D016428 Journal Article", "D052061 Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "N Subthalamic nucleus", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Freezing of gait" ], "number_of_pages": 11, "pages": "107-117", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 12.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1095-953X", "publisher": "Academic Press Inc.", "sjr": 1.893, "snip": 1.245, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology" ], "title": "Neurobiology of disease" }, "publication_date": "2018-09-06", "selected": false, "title": "Neuromodulation targets pathological not physiological beta bursts during gait in Parkinson's disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a looming epidemic, growing most rapidly in the elderly population. Some of the most devastating sequelae of TBI are related to depressed levels of consciousness (e.g., coma, minimally conscious state) or deficits in executive function. To date, pharmacological and rehabilitative therapies to treat these sequelae are limited. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been used to treat a number of pathologies, including Parkinson disease, essential tremor, and epilepsy. Animal and clinical research shows that targets addressing depressed levels of consciousness include components of the ascending reticular activating system and areas of the thalamus. Targets for improving executive function are more varied and include areas that modulate attention and memory, such as the frontal and prefrontal cortex, fornix, nucleus accumbens, internal capsule, thalamus, and some brainstem nuclei. The authors review the literature addressing the use of DBS to treat higher-order cognitive dysfunction and disorders of consciousness in TBI patients, while also offering suggestions on directions for future research.", "authors": [ "Kundu, Bornali", "Brock, Andrea A", "Englot, Dario J", "Butson, Christopher R", "Rolston, John D" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.3171/2018.5.FOCUS18168", "keywords": [ "N DBS = deep brain stimulation", "N MSN = medial septal nucleus", "N MCS = minimally conscious state", "N TMS = transcranial magnetic stimulation", "D016454 Review", "N deep brain stimulation", "N MR = median raphe", "D016428 Journal Article", "N DR = dorsal raphe", "N CNS = central nervous system", "N TBI = traumatic brain injury", "N cognition", "N VS = vegetative state", "N minimally conscious state", "N vegetative state", "N consciousness", "N coma", "N thalamus", "N EEG = electroencephalography" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "E14", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1092-0684", "publisher": "American Association of Neurological Surgeons", "sjr": 1.188, "snip": 1.723, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "Neurosurgical focus" }, "publication_date": "2018-08-01", "selected": false, "title": "Deep brain stimulation for the treatment of disorders of consciousness and cognition in traumatic brain injury patients: a review.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT) has demonstrated antiepileptic efficacy, especially for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). Mossy fiber sprouting (MFS) is involved in the pathogenesis of MTLE, and Sema-3A and GAP-43 are pivotal regulators of MFS. This study investigated the effects of ANT-DBS on MFS and expression levels of Sema-3A and GAP-43 as a possible mechanism for seizure suppression.\nMETHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: (1) control (saline injection), (2) KA (kainic acid injection), (3) KA\u202f+\u202fSham-DBS (electrode implantation without stimulation), and (4) KA\u202f+\u202fDBS (electrode implantation with stimulation). Video electroencephalography (EEG) was used to ensure model establishment and monitor seizure frequency, latency, and severity (Racine stage). Chronic ANT stimulation was conducted for 35\u202fdays in the KA\u202f+\u202fDBS group, and MFS compared to the other groups by quantitative Timm staining. Sema-3A and GAP-43 expression levels in the hippocampal formation were evaluated in all groups with western blot.\nRESULTS The latency period was significantly prolonged and spontaneous seizure frequency reduced in the KA\u202f+\u202fDBS group compared to KA and KA\u202f+\u202fSham-DBS groups. Staining scores for MFS in CA3 and dentate gyrus (DG) were significantly lower in the KA\u202f+\u202fDBS group. The KA\u202f+\u202fDBS group also exhibited decreased GAP-43 expression and increased Sema-3A expression compared to KA and KA\u202f+\u202fSham-DBS groups.\nCONCLUSION These results suggest that ANT-DBS extends the latent period following epileptogenic stimulation by impeding MFS through modulation of GAP-43 and Sema-3A expression.", "authors": [ "Zhu, Guanyu", "Meng, Dawei", "Chen, Yingchuan", "Du, Tingting", "Liu, Yuye", "Liu, Defeng", "Shi, Lin", "Jiang, Yin", "Zhang, Xin", "Zhang, Jianguo" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.brainres.2018.07.014", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Anterior nucleus of thalamus", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Epilepsy", "N Mossy fiber sprouting", "N Hippocampus", "N Kainic acid" ], "number_of_pages": 8, "pages": "28-35", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1872-6240", "publisher": "Elsevier", "sjr": 0.854, "snip": 0.766, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)", "Neurology (clinical)", "Molecular Biology", "Developmental Biology" ], "title": "Brain research" }, "publication_date": "2018-07-17", "selected": false, "title": "Anterior nucleus of thalamus stimulation inhibited abnormal mossy fiber sprouting in kainic acid-induced epileptic rats.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The efficacy and safety of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT) for epilepsy (SANTE) trial was demonstrated by a randomized trial by Fisher et al. (2010). Based on this trial, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration recently granted approval for DBS therapy for epilepsy; the indication is as follows: \"Bilateral stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT) for epilepsy is indicated as an adjunctive therapy for reducing the frequency of seizures in individuals 18\u202fyears of age or older diagnosed with epilepsy characterized by partial onset seizures with or without secondary generalization that are refractory to three or more antiepileptic medications\". This paper reviews the experimental data and the clinical experience using DBS for the treatment of epilepsy. \"This article is part of the Supplement issue Neurostimulation for Epilepsy.\"", "authors": [ "Salanova, Vicenta" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.06.041", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 4, "pages": "21-24", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1525-5069", "publisher": "Academic Press Inc.", "sjr": 0.923, "snip": 0.899, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Behavioral Neuroscience", "Neurology" ], "title": "Epilepsy & behavior : E&B" }, "publication_date": "2018-07-17", "selected": false, "title": "Deep brain stimulation for epilepsy.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Thalamic pain is a severe pain that is often unresponsive to medical therapy. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) entirely non-invasively modulates neuronal plasticity to produce therapeutic benefit. Since the rTMS stimulation parameters varied, it is difficult to determine which specific parameters are best for clinical use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic lasting effect of 10-Hz rTMS over the motor cortex (M1) for 10 consecutive days to treat thalamic pain.Patients were treated with daily 10-Hz rTMS sessions for 1000 pulses applied over the M1 for 10 consecutive days. Pain severity and mood were assessed at baseline, immediately after, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks after rTMS. Pain severity was measured by the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the percentage of pain relief on VAS score was calculated between baseline and final examination. Mood was monitored using the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD).Seven patients with thalamic pain were enrolled. VAS score was significantly decreased after rTMS. Mean VAS scores were 7 at baseline and decreased to 5.6 at 2 weeks after rTMS and then decreased to 3.9 at 8 weeks after rTMS. The analgesic effect of rTMS can last up to 8 weeks. The percentage of pain relief ranges from 25.0% to 66.7% at the 8th week. Four patients (3 moderate pain and 1 severe pain) achieved satisfactory relief (pain relief \u226540-69%).Although this was an open-label study without a control group, our findings show that 10\u200aHz rTMS over the M1 for 10 consecutive days can produce satisfactory or partial antalgic effect on patients with thalamic pain.", "authors": [ "Lin, Hua", "Li, Wenjuan", "Ni, Jiaxiang", "Wang, Yuping" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1097/MD.0000000000011235", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "e11235", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 2.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1536-5964", "publisher": "Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Ltd.", "sjr": 0.46, "snip": 0.799, "subject_areas": [ "Medicine (all)" ], "title": "Medicine" }, "publication_date": "2018-07-01", "selected": false, "title": "Clinical study of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex for thalamic pain.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Deep brain stimulation is an established surgical treatment for several neurological and movement disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, in which electrostimulation is applied to targeted deep nuclei in the basal ganglia through implanted electrode leads. Recent technological improvements in the field have focused on the theoretical advantage of current steering and adaptive (closed-loop) deep brain stimulation. Current steering between several active electrodes would allow for improved accuracy when targeting the desired brain structures. This has the additional benefit of avoiding undesired stimulation of neural tracts that are related to side effects, e.g., internal capsule fibres of passage in subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation. Closed-loop deep brain stimulation is based on the premise of continuous recording of a proxy for pathological neural activity (such as beta-band power of measured local field potentials in patients with Parkinson's disease) and accordingly adapting the used stimulus parameters. In this study, we investigate the suitability of an existing highresolution neurorecording probe for high-precision neurostimulation. If a subset of the probe's recording electrodes can be used for stimulation, then the probe would be a suitable candidate for closed-loop deep brain stimulation. A finiteelement model is used to calculate the electric potential, induced by current injection through the high-resolution probe, for different sets of active electrodes. Volumes of activated tissue are calculated and a comparison is made between the highresolution probe and a conventional stimulation lead. We investigate the capability of the probe to shift the volume of activated tissue by steering currents to different sets of active electrodes. Finally, safety limits for the injected current are used to determine the size of the volume in which neurons can be activated with the relatively small electrodes patches on the highresolution probe.", "authors": [ "Tarnaud, Thomas", "Tanghe, Emmeric", "Haesler, Sebastian", "Lopez, Carolina Mora", "Martens, Luc", "Joseph, Wout" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1109/EMBC.2018.8512650", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 4, "pages": "2166-2169", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 2.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": "978-1-5386-1312-2", "issn": "2694-0604", "publisher": "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.", "sjr": 0.188, "snip": 0.799, "subject_areas": [ "Medicine (all)" ], "title": "Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference" }, "publication_date": "2018-07-01", "selected": false, "title": "Investigation of the Stimulation Capabilities of a High-Resolution Neurorecording Probe for the Application of Closed-Loop Deep Brain Stimulation.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "For patients with pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy, neurostimulation offers nonpharmacological strategies to improve seizure control. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), deep brain stimulation of the anterior thalamic nuclei, and responsive neurostimulation (RNS) are approved therapies which have shown efficacy in randomized short-term trials. Controlled data from prospective studies are needed to confirm reports on stable or even increasing evidence from studies with longer follow-up and to confirm that neurostimulation may offer advantages also regarding cognitive tolerability and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP)-risk. Here, a review of long-term outcomes is given, highlighting both achievements in terms of efficacy and tolerability and limitations of conclusions thereon related to an uncontrolled data basis and decreasing cohort sizes. This article is part of the Special Issue? \"Individualized Epilepsy Management: Medicines, Surgery and Beyond\".", "authors": [ "Schulze-Bonhage, Andreas" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.06.011", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "D016428 Journal Article", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "D016454 Review", "N Neurostimulation", "N Neuromodulation", "N Vagus nerve stimulation", "N Epilepsy", "N Closed-loop stimulation" ], "number_of_pages": 5, "pages": "25-29", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1525-5069", "publisher": "Academic Press Inc.", "sjr": 0.923, "snip": 0.899, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Behavioral Neuroscience", "Neurology" ], "title": "Epilepsy & behavior : E&B" }, "publication_date": "2018-06-30", "selected": false, "title": "Long-term outcome in neurostimulation of epilepsy.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In 1948, Paul Yakovlev described an additional limbic circuit located basolateral to James Papez's circuit (1937) and included orbitofrontal cortex, amygdala, and dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus. This circuit is shown to be an important component of subcortical cognitive abilities. We aimed to demonstrate this circuit in a multiple sclerosis (MS) cohort using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and evaluate its role in MS-related cognitive impairment (CI).\nMETHODS We enrolled cognitively intact (n = 10) and impaired (n = 36) MS patients who underwent a comprehensive cognitive assessment; the minimal assessment of cognitive function in MS (MACFIMS) and structural magnetic resonance imaging. Correlation analyses between volumetric and DTI-derived values of the orbitofrontothalamic (OFT), amygdalothalamic tracts (ATTs), and dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus and CI index derived from MACFIMS were computed after adjustment for age, education, and lesion load.\nRESULTS We observed a consistent trend between CI index and bilateral dorsomedial nucleus' mean diffusivity (MD) (r = .316; P = .02), left OFT Fractional anisotropy (FA) (r = -.302; P = .02), MD (r = .380; .006), and radial diffusivities (RDs) (r = .432; P = .002), also with right ATT FA (r = -.475; P = .0006) and left ATT FA ( = -.487; P = .0005). After Bonferroni correction, correlations of left OFT RD and right and left ATT FA with CI were found to be significant.\nCONCLUSIONS Our study provides in vivo DTI delineation of Yakovlev's historical basolateral limbic circuit and establishes a role in MS-related CI. These findings may potentially pave the way for future clinical studies using targeted invasive and noninvasive neurostimulation modalities for CI in MS.", "authors": [ "Keser, Zafer", "Kamali, Arash", "Younes, Kyan", "Schulz, Paul E", "Nelson, Flavia M", "Hasan, Khader M" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1111/jon.12531", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "N diffusion tensor imaging", "D052061 Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N limbic", "N Cognitive impairment", "N multiple sclerosis" ], "number_of_pages": 5, "pages": "596-600", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 4.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1552-6569", "publisher": "Wiley-Blackwell", "sjr": 0.709, "snip": 0.846, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging" ], "title": "Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging" }, "publication_date": "2018-06-12", "selected": false, "title": "Yakovlev's Basolateral Limbic Circuit in Multiple Sclerosis Related Cognitive Impairment.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "+ + Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an effective therapeutic strategy for alleviating disability in patients with moderate to severe Parkinson's disease (PD). Preclinical studies have shown that stimulation of the rat STN can protect against nigral dopaminergic neuron loss. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. To investigate the molecular basis of the neuroprotective effects of STN stimulation, a rat model of PD was established by unilaterally injecting 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the striatum. PD rats were subjected to DBS of the STN (STN-DBS) and the effects on motor symptoms and number of nigral tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (TH) neurons was examined. We found that STN-DBS improved movement disorder and mitigated the loss of TH neurons induced by 6-OHDA. Furthermore, STN-DBS blocked protein phosphatase (PP)2A activation induced by 6-OHDA and led to the phosphorylation of B cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2, thereby increasing its activity. This induced its disassociation from Beclin1, a positive regulator of autophagy, leading to autophagy and inhibition of apoptosis. These findings demonstrate for the first time that STN-DBS could exert neuroprotective effects against 6-OHDA-induced cell injury in PD by inducing autophagy via PP2A inactivation and dissociation of the Bcl-2/Beclin1 complex, thereby providing a molecular basis of STN-DBS neuroprotection for PD.", "authors": [ "Du, Ting-Ting", "Chen, Ying-Chuan", "Lu, Yong-Quan", "Meng, Fan-Gang", "Yang, Hui", "Zhang, Jian-Guo" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.05.017", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "N Parkinson's disease", "N Autophagy", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Protein phosphatase 2A", "N Subthalamic nucleus", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "number_of_pages": 11, "pages": "232-242", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 9.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1090-2430", "publisher": "Academic Press Inc.", "sjr": 1.38, "snip": 1.135, "subject_areas": [ "Developmental Neuroscience", "Neurology" ], "title": "Experimental neurology" }, "publication_date": "2018-05-21", "selected": false, "title": "Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation protects neurons by activating autophagy via PP2A inactivation in a rat model of Parkinson's disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND The bursting pattern of thalamocortical (TC) pathway dampens nociception. Whether brain stimulation mimicking endogenous patterns can engage similar sensory gating processes in the cortex and reduce nociceptive behaviors remains uninvestigated.\nOBJECTIVE We investigated the role of cortical parvalbumin expressing (PV) interneurons within the TC circuit in gating nociception and their selective response to TC burst patterns. We then tested if transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) patterned on endogenous nociceptive TC bursting modulate nociceptive behaviors.\nMETHODS The switching of TC neurons between tonic (single spike) and burst (high frequency spikes) firing modes may be a critical component in modulating nociceptive signals. Deep brain electrical stimulation of TC neurons and immunohistochemistry were used to examine the differential influence of each firing mode on cortical PV interneuron activity. Optogenetic stimulation of cortical PV interneurons assessed a direct role in nociceptive modulation. A new TMS protocol mimicking thalamic burst firing patterns, contrasted with conventional continuous and intermittent theta burst protocols, tested if TMS patterned on endogenous TC activity reduces nociceptive behaviors in mice.\nRESULTS Immunohistochemical evidence confirmed that burst, but not tonic, deep brain stimulation of TC neurons increased the activity of PV interneurons in the cortex. Both optogenetic activation of PV interneurons and TMS protocol mimicking thalamic burst reduced nociceptive behaviors.\nCONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that burst firing of TC neurons recruits PV interneurons in the cortex to reduce nociceptive behaviors and that neuromodulation mimicking thalamic burst firing may be useful for modulating nociception.", "authors": [ "Huh, Yeowool", "Jung, Dahee", "Seo, Taeyoon", "Sun, Sukkyu", "Kim, Su Hyun", "Rhim, Hyewhon", "Chung, Sooyoung", "Kim, Chong-Hyun", "Kwon, Youngwoo", "Bikson, Marom", "Chung, Yong-An", "Kim, Jeansok J", "Cho, Jeiwon" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.brs.2018.05.007", "keywords": [ "N Parvalbumin interneurons", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Bioelectric medicine", "D052061 Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Electrical therapy", "N rTMS", "N Nociception", "N Sensory gating", "N Thalamic bursting" ], "number_of_pages": 10, "pages": "1151-1160", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 12.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1876-4754", "publisher": "Elsevier Inc.", "sjr": 2.184, "snip": 1.816, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Biophysics", "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Brain stimulation" }, "publication_date": "2018-05-18", "selected": false, "title": "Brain stimulation patterns emulating endogenous thalamocortical input to parvalbumin-expressing interneurons reduce nociception in mice.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "INTRODUCTION Stimulation settings of deep brain stimulation (DBS) have evolved empirically within a limited parameter space dictated by first generation devices. There is a need for controlled clinical studies, which evaluate efficacy and safety of established programming practice against novel programming options provided by modern neurostimulation devices.\nMETHODS Here, we tested a polarity reversal from conventional monopolar cathodic to anodic stimulation in an acute double-blind, randomized, cross-over study in patients with PD implanted with bilateral STN DBS. The primary outcome measure was the difference between efficacy and side-effect thresholds (current amplitude, mA) in a monopolar review and the severity of motor symptoms (as assessed by MDS-UPDRS III ratings) after 30\u202fmin of continuous stimulation in the medication off-state.\nRESULTS Effect and side effect thresholds were significantly higher with anodic compared to cathodic stimulation (3.36\u202f\u00b1\u202f1.58\u202fmA vs. 1.99\u202f\u00b1\u202f1.37\u202fmA; 6.05\u202f\u00b1\u202f1.52\u202fmA vs. 4.15\u202f\u00b1\u202f1.13\u202fmA; both p\u202f<\u202f0.0001). However, using a predefined amplitude of 0.5\u202fmA below the respective adverse effect threshold, blinded MDS-UPDRS-III-ratings were significantly lower with anodic stimulation (anodic: median 17 [min: 12, max: 25]; cathodic: 23 [12, 37]; p\u202f<\u202f0.005).\nCONCLUSION Effective anodic stimulation requires a higher charge injection into the tissue, but may provide a better reduction of off-period motor symptoms within the individual therapeutic window. Therefore, a programming change to anodic stimulation may be considered in patients suffering from residual off-period motor symptoms of PD despite reaching the adverse effect threshold of cathodic stimulation in the subthalamic nucleus.", "authors": [ "Kirsch, Anna Dalal", "Hassin-Baer, Sharon", "Matthies, Cordula", "Volkmann, Jens", "Steigerwald, Frank" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.05.015", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "N Parkinson's disease", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Subthalamic nucleus", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "D016449 Randomized Controlled Trial", "N Anodic stimulation" ], "number_of_pages": 7, "pages": "61-67", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1873-5126", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "sjr": 1.05, "snip": 1.19, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Geriatrics and Gerontology", "Neurology" ], "title": "Parkinsonism & related disorders" }, "publication_date": "2018-05-16", "selected": false, "title": "Anodic versus cathodic neurostimulation of the subthalamic nucleus: A randomized-controlled study of acute clinical effects.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Unverricht-Lundborg disease (EPM1) is associated with progressive functional and anatomic changes in the thalamus and motor cortex. The neurophysiological mechanisms behind the impaired thalamocortical system were studied through short-term adaptation of the motor cortex to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) via repetition suppression (RS) phenomenon. RS is considered to be related to neural processing of external stimuli. We hypothesized that this neural processing is progressively impaired in EPM1 from adolescence to adulthood. Eight adult patients with EPM1 (age: 40\u2009\u00b1\u200913 yr), six adolescent patients with EPM1 (age: 16\u2009\u00b1\u20091 yr), and ten adult controls (age: 35\u2009\u00b1\u200912 yr) were studied using navigated TMS and RS study protocol including trains of four repeated stimuli with intertrain interval of 20 s and interstimulus interval of 1 s. Changes in RS were investigated from adolescence to adulthood in EPM1 by comparing with adult controls. In controls, the RS was seen as 50-55% reduction in motor response amplitudes to TMS after the first stimulus. RS was mild or missing in EPM1. RS from first to second stimulus within the stimulus trains was significantly stronger in adolescent patients than in adult patients ( P = 0.046). Abnormal RS correlated with the myoclonus severity of the patients. In agreement with our hypothesis, neural processing of external stimuli is progressively impaired in EPM1 possibly due to anatomically impaired thalamocortical system or inhibitory tonus preventing sufficient adaptive reactiveness to stimuli. Our results suggest that RS abnormality might be used as a biomarker in the therapeutic trials for myoclonus. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Unverricht-Lundborg disease (EPM1) is associated with impaired thalamocortical function, which we studied in 8 adult and 6 adolescent patients and in 10 adult controls through repetition suppression (RS) of the motor cortex. We hypothesized that neural processing is progressively impaired in EPM1 from adolescence to adulthood. RS was normal in controls, whereas it was mild or missing in EPM1. Stronger RS was seen in adolescent patients than in adult patients correlating with the myoclonus severity.", "authors": [ "Julkunen, Petro", "L\u00f6fberg, Olli", "Kallioniemi, Elisa", "Hypp\u00f6nen, Jelena", "K\u00e4lvi\u00e4inen, Reetta", "Mervaala, Esa" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1152/jn.00063.2018", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "N motor evoked potential", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N repetition suppression", "N Unverricht-Lundborg disease", "N transcranial magnetic stimulation", "N progressive myoclonus epilepsy" ], "number_of_pages": 7, "pages": "617-623", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1522-1598", "publisher": "American Physiological Society", "sjr": 1.067, "snip": 0.974, "subject_areas": [ "Physiology", "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Journal of neurophysiology" }, "publication_date": "2018-05-09", "selected": false, "title": "Abnormal motor cortical adaptation to external stimulus in Unverricht-Lundborg disease (progressive myoclonus type 1, EPM1).", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "A characteristic pattern of abnormal brain activity is abnormally strong neuronal synchronization, as found in several brain disorders, such as tinnitus, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy. As observed in several diseases, different therapeutic interventions may induce a placebo effect that may be strong and hinder reliable clinical evaluations. Hence, to distinguish between specific, neuromodulation-induced effects and unspecific, placebo effects, it is important to mimic the therapeutic procedure as precisely as possibly, thereby providing controls that actually lack specific effects. Coordinated Reset (CR) stimulation has been developed to specifically counteract abnormally strong synchronization by desynchronization. CR is a spatio-temporally patterned multichannel stimulation which reduces the extent of coincident neuronal activity and aims at an anti-kindling, i.e., an unlearning of both synaptic connectivity and neuronal synchrony. Apart from acute desynchronizing effects, CR may cause sustained, long-lasting desynchronizing effects, as already demonstrated in pre-clinical and clinical proof of concept studies. In this computational study, we set out to computationally develop a sham stimulation protocol for multichannel desynchronizing stimulation. To this end, we compare acute effects and long-lasting effects of six different spatio-temporally patterned stimulation protocols, including three variants of CR, using a no-stimulation condition as additional control. This is to provide an inventory of different stimulation algorithms with similar fundamental stimulation parameters (e.g., mean stimulation rates) but qualitatively different acute and/or long-lasting effects. Stimulation protocols sharing basic parameters, but inducing nevertheless completely different or even no acute effects and/or after-effects, might serve as controls to validate the specific effects of particular desynchronizing protocols such as CR. In particular, based on our computational findings we propose a multichannel sham (i.e., inactive) stimulation protocol as control condition for phase 2 and phase 3 studies with desynchronizing multichannel stimulation techniques. \u00c2\u00a9 2018 Zeitler and Tass.", "authors": [ "Zeitler, Magteld", "Tass, Peter A" ], "categories": null, "citations": 8, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.3389/fphys.2018.00512", "keywords": [ "N coordinated reset", "N placebo", "@UI", "N spike timing-dependent plasticity", "N desynchronization", "N sensory neurostimulation", "N non-invasive neuromodulation", "N sham stimulation", "N anti-kindling", "#text" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "512", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1664-042X", "publisher": "Frontiers Media S.A.", "sjr": 1.028, "snip": 1.197, "subject_areas": [ "Physiology (medical)", "Physiology" ], "title": "Frontiers in physiology" }, "publication_date": "2018-05-08", "selected": false, "title": "Computationally Developed Sham Stimulation Protocol for Multichannel Desynchronizing Stimulation.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85046620909&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Local field potentials (LFP) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) recorded during walking may provide clues for determining the function of the STN during gait and also, may be used as biomarker to steer adaptive brain stimulation devices. Here, we present LFP recordings from an implanted sensing neurostimulator (Medtronic Activa PC\u202f+\u202fS) during walking and rest with and without stimulation in 10 patients with Parkinson's disease and electrodes placed bilaterally in the STN. We also present recordings from two of these patients recorded with externalized leads. We analyzed changes in overall frequency power, bilateral connectivity, high beta frequency oscillatory characteristics and gait-cycle related oscillatory activity. We report that deep brain stimulation improves gait parameters. High beta frequency power (20-30\u202fHz) and bilateral oscillatory connectivity are reduced during gait, while the attenuation of high beta power is absent during stimulation. Oscillatory characteristics are affected in a similar way. We describe a reduction in overall high beta burst amplitude and burst lifetimes during gait as compared to rest off stimulation. Investigating gait cycle related oscillatory dynamics, we found that alpha, beta and gamma frequency power is modulated in time during gait, locked to the gait cycle. We argue that these changes are related to movement induced artifacts and that these issues have important implications for similar research.", "authors": [ "Hell, Franz", "Plate, Annika", "Mehrkens, Jan H", "B\u00f6tzel, Kai" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.nicl.2018.05.001", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "N Oscillations", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Beta rhythm", "N Subthalamic nucleus", "N Gait", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "number_of_pages": 10, "pages": "396-405", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 8.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2213-1582", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "sjr": 1.395, "snip": 1.324, "subject_areas": [ "Cognitive Neuroscience", "Neurology (clinical)", "Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging", "Neurology" ], "title": "NeuroImage. Clinical" }, "publication_date": "2018-05-03", "selected": false, "title": "Subthalamic oscillatory activity and connectivity during gait in Parkinson's disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND Subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) improves quality of life (QoL), motor, and non-motor symptoms (NMS) in Parkinson's disease (PD). Few studies have investigated the influence of the location of neurostimulation on NMS.\nOBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of active contact location on NMS in STN-DBS in PD.\nMETHODS In this prospective, open-label, multicenter study including 50 PD patients undergoing bilateral STN-DBS, we collected NMSScale (NMSS), NMSQuestionnaire (NMSQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (anxiety/depression, HADS-A/-D), PDQuestionnaire-8 (PDQ-8), Scales for Outcomes in PD-motor examination, motor complications, activities of daily living (ADL), and levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD) preoperatively and at 6 months follow-up. Changes were analyzed with Wilcoxon signed-rank/t-test and Bonferroni-correction for multiple comparisons. Although the STN was targeted visually, we employed an atlas-based approach to explore the relationship between active contact locations and DBS outcomes. Based on fused MRI/CT-images, we identified Cartesian coordinates of active contacts with patient-specific Mai-atlas standardization. We computed linear mixed-effects models with x-/y-/z-coordinates as independent, hemispheres as within-subject, and test change scores as dependent variables.\nRESULTS NMSS, NMSQ, PDQ-8, motor examination, complications, and LEDD significantly improved at follow-up. Linear mixed-effect models showed that NMS and QoL improvement significantly depended on more medial (HADS-D, NMSS), anterior (HADS-D, NMSQ, PDQ-8), and ventral (HADS-A/-D, NMSS, PDQ-8) neurostimulation. ADL improved more in posterior, LEDD in lateral neurostimulation locations. No relationship was observed for motor examination and complications scores.\nCONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence that more anterior, medial, and ventral STN-DBS is significantly related to more beneficial non-motor outcomes.", "authors": [ "Dafsari, Haidar Salimi", "Petry-Schmelzer, Jan Niklas", "Ray-Chaudhuri, K", "Ashkan, Keyoumars", "Weis, Luca", "Dembek, Till A", "Samuel, Michael", "Rizos, Alexandra", "Silverdale, Monty", "Barbe, Michael T", "Fink, Gereon R", "Evans, Julian", "Martinez-Martin, Pablo", "Antonini, Angelo", "Visser-Vandewalle, Veerle", "Timmermann, Lars", "None, None", "None, None" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.brs.2018.03.009", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "D016430 Clinical Trial", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Quality of life", "N Non motor symptoms", "N Subthalamic nucleus", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Non-motor symptoms", "D016448 Multicenter Study" ], "number_of_pages": 9, "pages": "904-912", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 12.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1876-4754", "publisher": "Elsevier Inc.", "sjr": 2.184, "snip": 1.816, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Biophysics", "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Brain stimulation" }, "publication_date": "2018-03-16", "selected": false, "title": "Non-motor outcomes of subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson's disease depend on location of active contacts.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising brain modulation technique for several disease conditions. With this technique, some portion of the current penetrates through the scalp to the cortex and modulates cortical excitability, but a recent human cadaver study questions the amount. This insufficient intracerebral penetration of currents may partially explain the inconsistent and mixed results in tDCS studies to date. Experimental validation of a transcranial alternating current stimulation-generated electric field (EF) in\u00a0vivo has been performed on the cortical (using electrocorticography, ECoG, electrodes), subcortical (using stereo electroencephalography, SEEG, electrodes) and deeper thalamic/subthalamic levels (using DBS electrodes). However, tDCS-generated EF measurements have never been attempted.\nOBJECTIVE We aimed to demonstrate that tDCS generates biologically relevant EF as deep as the subthalamic level in\u00a0vivo.\nMETHODS Patients with movement disorders who have implanted deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes serve as a natural experimental model for thalamic/subthalamic recordings of tDCS-generated EF. We measured voltage changes from DBS electrodes and body resistance from tDCS electrodes in three subjects while applying direct current to the scalp at 2\u202fmA and 4\u202fmA over two tDCS montages.\nRESULTS Voltage changes at the level of deep nuclei changed proportionally with the level of applied current and varied with different tDCS montages.\nCONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that scalp-applied tDCS generates biologically relevant EF. Incorporation of these experimental results may improve finite element analysis (FEA)-based models.", "authors": [ "Chhatbar, Pratik Y", "Kautz, Steven A", "Takacs, Istvan", "Rowland, Nathan C", "Revuelta, Gonzalo J", "George, Mark S", "Bikson, Marom", "Feng, Wuwei" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.brs.2018.03.006", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Transcranial direct current stimulation", "N Body resistance", "D052061 Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "D013486 Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.", "N Dose-dependence", "N Voltage-current relationship" ], "number_of_pages": 7, "pages": "727-733", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 12.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1876-4754", "publisher": "Elsevier Inc.", "sjr": 2.184, "snip": 1.816, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Biophysics", "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Brain stimulation" }, "publication_date": "2018-03-13", "selected": false, "title": "Evidence of transcranial direct current stimulation-generated electric fields at subthalamic level in human brain in\u00a0vivo.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND In the 20 years since our group established the feasibility of performing interleaved TMS/fMRI, no studies have reported direct comparisons of active prefrontal stimulation with a matched sham. Thus, for all studies there is concern about what is truly the TMS effect on cortical neurons.\nOBJECTIVE After developing a sham control for use within the MRI scanner, we used fMRI to test the hypothesis of greater regional BOLD responses for active versus control stimulation.\nMETHODS We delivered 4 runs of interleaved TMS/fMRI with a limited field of view (16 slices, centered at AC-PC) to the left DLPFC (2 active, 2 control; counterbalanced) of 20 healthy individuals (F3; 20 pulses/run, interpulse interval:10-15sec, TR:1sec). In the control condition, 3\u202fcm of foam was placed between the TMS coil and the scalp. This ensured magnetic field decay, but preserved the sensory aspects of each pulse (empirically evaluated in a subset of 10 individuals).\nRESULTS BOLD increases in the cingulate, thalamus, insulae, and middle frontal gyri (p\u202f<\u202f0.05, FWE corrected) were found during both active and control stimulation. However, relative to control, active stimulation caused elevated BOLD signal in the anterior cingulate, caudate and thalamus. No significant difference was found in auditory regions.\nCONCLUSION(S) This TMS/fMRI study evaluated a control condition that preserved many of the sensory features of TMS while reducing magnetic field entry. These findings support a relationship between single pulses of TMS and activity in anatomically connected regions, but also underscore the importance of using a sham condition in future TMS/fMRI studies.", "authors": [ "Dowdle, Logan T", "Brown, Truman R", "George, Mark S", "Hanlon, Colleen A" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.brs.2018.02.014", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "N Brain stimulation", "D003160 Comparative Study", "D052061 Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "N Neuroimaging", "N Frontostriatal", "N Connectivity" ], "number_of_pages": 8, "pages": "789-796", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 12.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1876-4754", "publisher": "Elsevier Inc.", "sjr": 2.184, "snip": 1.816, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Biophysics", "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Brain stimulation" }, "publication_date": "2018-02-24", "selected": false, "title": "Single pulse TMS to the DLPFC, compared to a matched sham control, induces a direct, causal increase in caudate, cingulate, and thalamic BOLD signal.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to investigate 24-month of effects of bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) on nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD).\nMETHODS In this prospective, observational, multicenter, international study including 67 PD patients undergoing bilateral STN-DBS, we examined the Non-motor Symptom Scale, Non-Motor Symptoms Questionnaire, Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-8, Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease-motor examination, -activities of daily living, and -complications, and levodopa-equivalent daily dose preoperatively and at 5 and 24-month of follow-up. After checking distribution normality, longitudinal outcome changes were investigated with Friedman tests or repeated-measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons using multiple tests. Post hoc, Wilcoxon signed rank t tests were computed to compare visits. The strength of clinical responses was analyzed using effect size. Explorative Spearman correlations of change scores from baseline to 24-month follow-up were calculated for all outcomes.\nRESULTS The Non-motor Symptom Scale and all other outcome parameters significantly improved from baseline to the 5-month follow-up. From 5 to 24-month, partial decrements in these gains were found. Nonetheless, comparing baseline with 24-month follow-up, significant improvements were observed for the Non-motor Symptom Scale (small effect), Scales for Outcomes in PD-motor examination showed a moderate effect, and Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease-complications and levodopa-equivalent daily dose showed large effects. Non-motor Symptom Scale change scores from baseline to 24-month follow-up correlated significantly with Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-8, Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease-activities of daily living, and -motor complications change scores.\nCONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence of beneficial effects of bilateral STN-DBS on nonmotor symptoms at 24-month follow-up. The extent of nonmotor symptom improvement was directly proportionate to improvements in quality of life, activities of daily living, and motor complications. This study underlines the importance of nonmotor symptoms for holistic assessments of DBS outcomes. \u00a9 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.", "authors": [ "Dafsari, Haidar S", "Silverdale, Monty", "Strack, Marian", "Rizos, Alexandra", "Ashkan, Keyoumars", "Mahlstedt, Picabo", "Sachse, Lena", "Steffen, Julia", "Dembek, Till A", "Visser-Vandewalle, Veerle", "Evans, Julian", "Antonini, Angelo", "Martinez-Martin, Pablo", "Ray-Chaudhuri, K", "Timmermann, Lars", "None, None" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1002/mds.27283", "keywords": [ "N subthalamic nucleus", "D016428 Journal Article", "N neurostimulation", "N quality of life", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "D064888 Observational Study", "D016448 Multicenter Study", "N non-motor symptoms", "N deep brain stimulation" ], "number_of_pages": 10, "pages": "421-430", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 13.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1531-8257", "publisher": "John Wiley & Sons Inc.", "sjr": 2.602, "snip": 1.981, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society" }, "publication_date": "2018-02-21", "selected": false, "title": "Nonmotor symptoms evolution during 24 months of bilateral subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson's disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Dissecting neural circuitry in non-human primates (NHP) is crucial to identify potential neuromodulation anatomical targets for the treatment of pharmacoresistant neuropsychiatric diseases by electrical neuromodulation. How targets of deep brain stimulation (DBS) and cortical targets of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) compare and might complement one another is an important question. Combining optogenetics and tractography may enable anatomo-functional characterization of large brain cortico-subcortical neural pathways. For the proof-of-concept this approach was used in the NHP brain to characterize the motor cortico-subthalamic pathway (m_CSP) which might be involved in DBS action mechanism in Parkinson's disease (PD). Rabies-G-pseudotyped and Rabies-G-VSVg-pseudotyped EIAV lentiviral vectors encoding the opsin ChR2 gene were stereotaxically injected into the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and were retrogradely transported to the layer of the motor cortex projecting to STN. A precise anatomical mapping of this pathway was then performed using histology-guided high angular resolution MRI tractography guiding accurately cortical photostimulation of m_CSP origins. Photoexcitation of m_CSP axon terminals or m_CSP cortical origins modified the spikes distribution for photosensitive STN neurons firing rate in non-equivalent ways. Optogenetic tractography might help design preclinical neuromodulation studies in NHP models of neuropsychiatric disease choosing the most appropriate target for the tested hypothesis.", "authors": [ "Senova, S", "Poupon, C", "Dauguet, J", "Stewart, H J", "Dugu\u00e9, G P", "Jan, C", "Hosomi, K", "Ralph, G S", "Barnes, L", "Drouot, X", "Pouzat, C", "Mangin, J F", "Pain, F", "Doignon, I", "Aron-Badin, R", "Brouillet, E", "Boyden, E S", "Mitrophanous, K A", "Hantraye, P", "Palfi, S" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-21486-8", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "3362", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2045-2322", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "sjr": 0.973, "snip": 1.312, "subject_areas": [ "Human-Computer Interaction", "Neurons and Cognition", "Combinatorics", "Multidisciplinary" ], "title": "Scientific reports" }, "publication_date": "2018-02-20", "selected": false, "title": "Optogenetic Tractography for anatomo-functional characterization of cortico-subcortical neural circuits in non-human primates.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Economic decision-making is disrupted in individuals with gambling disorder, an addictive behavior observed in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients receiving dopaminergic therapy. The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is involved in the inhibition of impulsive behaviors; however, its role in impulse control disorders and addiction is still unclear. Here, we recorded STN local field potentials (LFPs) in PD patients with and without gambling disorder during an economic decision-making task. Reaction times analysis showed that for all patients, the decision whether to risk preceded task onset. We compared then for both groups the STN LFP preceding high- and low-risk economic decisions. We found that risk avoidance in gamblers correlated with larger STN LFP low-frequency (<12-Hz) fluctuations preceding task onset. In particular, the amplitude of low-frequency LFP fluctuations carried significant information about future decisions. Decisions of patients not affected by gambling disorder were instead not correlated with pretask STN LFP. Our results suggest that STN activity preceding task onset affects risk decisions by preemptively inhibiting attraction to high but unlikely rewards in favor of a long-term payoff.", "authors": [ "Mazzoni, A", "Rosa, M", "Carpaneto, J", "Romito, L M", "Priori, A", "Micera, S" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1523/ENEURO.0366-17.2017", "keywords": [ "N Parkinson\u2019s disease", "N subthalamic nucleus", "D016428 Journal Article", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Gambling disorder", "N local field potentials" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": null, "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2373-2822", "publisher": "Society for Neuroscience", "sjr": 1.309, "snip": 0.893, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "eNeuro" }, "publication_date": "2018-02-06", "selected": false, "title": "Subthalamic Neural Activity Patterns Anticipate Economic Risk Decisions in Gambling.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) of the thalamus is an established surgical target for stereotactic ablation and deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the treatment of tremor in Parkinson's disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET). It is centrally placed on a cerebello-thalamo-cortical network connecting the primary motor cortex, to the dentate nucleus of the contralateral cerebellum through the dentato-rubro-thalamic tract (DRT). The VIM is not readily visible on conventional MR imaging, so identifying the surgical target traditionally involved indirect targeting that relies on atlas-defined coordinates. Unfortunately, this approach does not fully account for individual variability and requires surgery to be performed with the patient awake to allow for intraoperative targeting confirmation. The aim of this study is to identify the VIM and the DRT using probabilistic tractography in patients that will undergo thalamic DBS for tremor. Four male patients with tremor dominant PD and five patients (three female) with ET underwent high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) (128 diffusion directions, 1.5\u202fmm isotropic voxels and b value\u202f=\u202f1500) preoperatively. Patients received VIM-DBS using an MR image guided and MR image verified approach with indirect targeting. Postoperatively, using parallel Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) processing, thalamic areas with the highest diffusion connectivity to the primary motor area (M1), supplementary motor area (SMA), primary sensory area (S1) and contralateral dentate nucleus were identified. Additionally, volume of tissue activation (VTA) corresponding to active DBS contacts were modelled. Response to treatment was defined as 40% reduction in the total Fahn-Tolosa-Martin Tremor Rating Score (FTMTRS) with DBS-ON, one year from surgery. Three out of nine patients had a suboptimal, long-term response to treatment. The segmented thalamic areas corresponded well to anatomically known counterparts in the ventrolateral (VL) and ventroposterior (VP) thalamus. The dentate-thalamic area, lay within the M1-thalamic area in a ventral and lateral location. Streamlines corresponding to the DRT connected M1 to the contralateral dentate nucleus via the dentate-thalamic area, clearly crossing the midline in the mesencephalon. Good response was seen when the active contact VTA was in the thalamic area with highest connectivity to the contralateral dentate nucleus. Non-responders had active contact VTAs outside the dentate-thalamic area. We conclude that probabilistic tractography techniques can be used to segment the VL and VP thalamus based on cortical and cerebellar connectivity. The thalamic area, best representing the VIM, is connected to the contralateral dentate cerebellar nucleus. Connectivity based segmentation of the VIM can be achieved in individual patients in a clinically feasible timescale, using HARDI and high performance computing with parallel GPU processing. This same technique can map out the DRT tract with clear mesencephalic crossing.", "authors": [ "Akram, Harith", "Dayal, Viswas", "Mahlknecht, Philipp", "Georgiev, Dejan", "Hyam, Jonathan", "Foltynie, Thomas", "Limousin, Patricia", "De Vita, Enrico", "Jahanshahi, Marjan", "Ashburner, John", "Behrens, Tim", "Hariz, Marwan", "Zrinzo, Ludvic" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.nicl.2018.01.008", "keywords": [ "N Parkinson's disease", "N DBS", "N FNIRT, FMRIB's non-linear image registration tool", "N VIM", "N CON, connectivity", "N IPG, implantable pulse generator", "N SNR, signal-to-noise ratio", "N MNI, Montreal neurological institute", "N VBM, voxel based morphometry", "N LEDD, l-DOPA equivalent daily dose", "N Diffusion weighted imaging", "N Ventrolateral nucleus", "N EV, explanatory variable", "N cZI, caudal zona incerta", "N S1, primary sensory cortex", "N NHNN, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery", "N VL", "N FoV, field of view", "N BEDPOSTX, Bayesian estimation of diffusion parameters obtained using sampling techniques X", "N PD", "N Dentate nucleus", "N SSEPI, single-shot echo planar imaging", "N MMS, mini-mental score", "N MPRAGE, magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo", "N SE, standard error", "N M1, primary motor cortex", "N FSL, FMRIB's software library", "N DICOM, digital imaging and communications in medicine", "N FMRIB, Oxford centre for functional MRI of the brain", "N GLM, general linear model", "N Ventrointermedialis", "N Deep brain stimulation", "N CI, confidence interval", "N BET, brain extraction tool", "N VTA, volume of tissue activated", "N DF, degrees of freedom", "D016428 Journal Article", "N DBS, deep brain stimulation", "N DWI", "N PFC, prefrontal cortex", "N NIfTI, neuroimaging informatics technology initiative", "N HFS, high frequency stimulation", "N DWI, diffusion weighted imaging", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N DRT", "N SMA, supplementary motor area", "N MPTP, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine", "N Dentato-rubro-thalamic tract", "N STN, subthalamic nucleus", "N SAR, specific absorption rate", "N TFCE, threshold-free cluster enhancement", "N VP, ventral posterior", "N Tremor", "N FLIRT, FMRIB's linear image registration tool", "N VL, ventral lateral", "N UPDRS, unified Parkinson's disease rating scale", "N PMC, premotor cortex", "N LC, Levodopa challenge", "N PC, posterior commissure", "N SD, standard deviation", "N HARDI, high angular resolution diffusion imaging", "N TMS, transcranial magnetic stimulation", "N Connectivity", "N AC, anterior commissure" ], "number_of_pages": 13, "pages": "130-142", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 8.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2213-1582", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "sjr": 1.395, "snip": 1.324, "subject_areas": [ "Cognitive Neuroscience", "Neurology (clinical)", "Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging", "Neurology" ], "title": "NeuroImage. Clinical" }, "publication_date": "2018-01-28", "selected": false, "title": "Connectivity derived thalamic segmentation in deep brain stimulation for tremor.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "This report summarizes the state-of-the-art and controversies around patient selection for deep brain stimulation (DBS) for various conditions. Parkinson's disease (PD): several class I studies have shown superiority of DBS over best medical treatment for advanced PD with fluctuations and further inclusion criteria. One class I study suggests that PD patients with early motor complications might gain more quality of life if operated within 3 years after the onset of fluctuations. The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is still the standard target. STN DBS has an impact on impulse control disorders though the exact mechanism is unclear. Tremor: essential tremor (ET) patients found to be eligible for DBS surgery should first be treated with primidone, propranolol, and with a combined therapy preoperatively. Second-line drugs (i.e., topiramate and gabapentin) may be useful. No class I studies exist for DBS treatment of ET. The optimal target of DBS in ET might be the posterior subthalamic area. Dystonia: there is class I evidence for primary generalized and segmental dystonia and for some botulinum-resistant focal dystonias. The impact of age, symptom duration, and DYT-mutation status in primary dystonia on the outcome of DBS surgery clearly demands more studies. DBS has a role in SCGE-mutation positive myoclonus dystonia and tardive dystonia. Finally, neurostimulation in secondary dystonia might be considered in selected patients based on an individual patient's approach.", "authors": [ "Paschen, Steffen", "Deuschl, G\u00fcnther" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1159/000480910", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 14, "pages": "80-93", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": null, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1662-3924", "publisher": null, "sjr": null, "snip": null, "subject_areas": [], "title": "Progress in neurological surgery" }, "publication_date": "2018-01-12", "selected": false, "title": "Patient Evaluation and Selection for Movement Disorders Surgery: The Changing Spectrum of Indications.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) surgery is clinically effective for treatment of cervical dystonia; however, the underlying physiology has not been examined. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to examine the effects of STN DBS on sensorimotor integration, sensorimotor plasticity and motor cortex excitability, which are identified as the key pathophysiological features underlying dystonia.\nMETHODS TMS paradigms of short latency afferent inhibition (SAI) and long latency afferent inhibition (LAI) were used to examine the sensorimotor integration. Sensorimotor plasticity was measured with paired associative stimulation paradigm, and motor cortex excitability was examined with short interval intracortical inhibition and intracortical facilitation. DBS was turned off and on to record these measures.\nRESULTS STN DBS modulated SAI and LAI, which correlated well with the acute clinical improvement. While there were no changes seen in the motor cortex excitability, DBS was found to normalise the sensorimotor plasticity; however, there was no clinical correlation.\nCONCLUSION Modulation of sensorimotor integration is a key contributor to clinical improvement with acute stimulation of STN. Since the motor cortex excitability did not change and the change in sensorimotor plasticity did not correlate with clinical improvement, STN DBS demonstrates restricted effects on the underlying physiology.\nCLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01671527.", "authors": [ "Wagle Shukla, Aparna", "Ostrem, Jill L", "Vaillancourt, David E", "Chen, Robert", "Foote, Kelly D", "Okun, Michael S" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1136/jnnp-2017-317098", "keywords": [ "N dystonia", "D016428 Journal Article", "D052061 Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "N electrical stimulation", "N physiology", "N magnetic stimulation" ], "number_of_pages": 5, "pages": "1296-1300", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 15.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1468-330X", "publisher": "BMJ Publishing Group", "sjr": 3.178, "snip": 2.878, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Surgery" ], "title": "Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry" }, "publication_date": "2018-01-11", "selected": false, "title": "Physiological effects of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation surgery in cervical dystonia.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Inhibitory control is an important executive function that is necessary to suppress premature actions and to block interference from irrelevant stimuli. Current experimental studies and models highlight proactive and reactive mechanisms and claim several cortical and subcortical structures to be involved in response inhibition. However, the involved structures, network mechanisms and the behavioral relevance of the underlying neural activity remain debated. We report cortical EEG and invasive subthalamic local field potential recordings from a fully implanted sensing neurostimulator in Parkinson's patients during a stimulus- and response conflict task with and without deep brain stimulation (DBS). DBS made reaction times faster overall while leaving the effects of conflict intact: this lack of any effect on conflict may have been inherent to our task encouraging a high level of proactive inhibition. Drift diffusion modelling hints that DBS influences decision thresholds and drift rates are modulated by stimulus conflict. Both cortical EEG and subthalamic (STN) LFP oscillations reflected reaction times (RT). With these results, we provide a different interpretation of previously conflict-related oscillations in the STN and suggest that the STN implements a general task-specific decision threshold. The timecourse and topography of subthalamic-cortical oscillatory connectivity suggest the involvement of motor, frontal midline and posterior regions in a larger network with complementary functionality, oscillatory mechanisms and structures. While beta oscillations are functionally associated with motor cortical-subthalamic connectivity, low frequency oscillations reveal a subthalamic-frontal-posterior network. With our results, we suggest that proactive as well as reactive mechanisms and structures are involved in implementing a task-related dynamic inhibitory signal. We propose that motor and executive control networks with complementary oscillatory mechanisms are tonically active, react to stimuli and release inhibition at the response when uncertainty is resolved and return to their default state afterwards.", "authors": [ "Hell, Franz", "Taylor, Paul C J", "Mehrkens, Jan H", "B\u00f6tzel, Kai" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.01.001", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "N Oscillations", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Inhibition", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Connectivity", "N Conflict" ], "number_of_pages": 12, "pages": "222-233", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 11.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1095-9572", "publisher": "Academic Press Inc.", "sjr": 2.512, "snip": 1.782, "subject_areas": [ "Cognitive Neuroscience", "Neurology" ], "title": "NeuroImage" }, "publication_date": "2018-01-04", "selected": false, "title": "Subthalamic stimulation, oscillatory activity and connectivity reveal functional role of STN and network mechanisms during decision making under conflict.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Brain stimulation can be used to engage and modulate rhythmic activity in brain networks. However, the outcomes of brain stimulation are shaped by behavioral states and endogenous fluctuations in brain activity. To better understand how this intrinsic oscillatory activity controls the susceptibility of the brain to stimulation, we analyzed a computational model of the thalamo-cortical system in two distinct states (rest and task-engaged) to identify the mechanisms by which endogenous alpha oscillations (8Hz-12Hz) are modulated by periodic stimulation. Our analysis shows that the different responses to stimulation observed experimentally in these brain states can be explained by a passage through a bifurcation combined with stochastic resonance - a mechanism by which irregular fluctuations amplify the response of a nonlinear system to weak periodic signals. Indeed, our findings suggest that modulation of brain oscillations is best achieved in states of low endogenous rhythmic activity, and that irregular state-dependent fluctuations in thalamic inputs shape the susceptibility of cortical population to periodic stimulation.", "authors": [ "Lefebvre, J\u00e9r\u00e9mie", "Hutt, Axel", "Frohlich, Flavio" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.7554/eLife.32054", "keywords": [ "N brain stimulation", "N systems biology", "N human", "N neuroscience", "N entrainment", "N nonlinear dynamics", "D016428 Journal Article", "D052061 Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N computational biology", "N alpha oscillations", "N stochastic resonance", "N synchrony" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": null, "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 12.3, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2050-084X", "publisher": "eLife Sciences Publications", "sjr": 4.251, "snip": 1.743, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)", "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all)", "Immunology and Microbiology (all)" ], "title": "eLife" }, "publication_date": "2017-12-27", "selected": false, "title": "Stochastic resonance mediates the state-dependent effect of periodic stimulation on cortical alpha oscillations.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE Studies have demonstrated the utility of closed-loop neuromodulation in treating focal onset seizures. There is an utmost need of neurostimulation therapy for generalized tonic-clonic seizures. The study goals are to map the thalamocortical network dynamics during the generalized convulsive seizures and identify targets for reliable seizure detection.\nMETHODS METHODS Local field potentials were recorded from bilateral cortex, hippocampi, and centromedian thalami in Sprague-Dawley rats. Pentylenetetrazol was used to induce multiple convulsive seizures. The performances of two automated seizure detection methods (line length and P-operators) as a function of different cortical and subcortical structures were estimated. Multiple linear correlations-Granger's Causality was used to determine the effective connectivity.\nRESULTS RESULTS Of the 29 generalized tonic-clonic seizures analyzed, line length detected 100% of seizures in all the channels while the P-operator detected only 35% of seizures. The detection latencies were shortest in the thalamus in comparison to the cortex. There was a decrease in amplitude correlation within the thalamocortical network during the seizure, and flow of information was decreased from thalamus to hippocampal-parietal nodes.\nSIGNIFICANCE CONCLUSIONS The preclinical study confirms thalamus as a superior target for automated detection of generalized seizures and modulation of synchrony to increase coupling may be a strategy to abate seizures.", "authors": [ "Dheer, Puneet", "Chaitanya, Ganne", "Pizarro, Diana", "Esteller, Rosana", "Majumdar, Kaushik", "Pati, Sandipan" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1155/2017/9606213", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "9606213", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": null, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2314-4262", "publisher": null, "sjr": null, "snip": null, "subject_areas": [], "title": "Neuroscience journal" }, "publication_date": "2017-12-13", "selected": false, "title": "Seizure Detection and Network Dynamics of Generalized Convulsive Seizures: Towards Rational Designing of Closed-Loop Neuromodulation.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "2 2 Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has demonstrated efficacy in major depressive disorder (MDD), although clinical outcome is variable. Change in the resting-state quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG), particularly in theta cordance early in the course of treatment, has been linked to antidepressant medication outcomes but has not been examined extensively in clinical rTMS. This study examined change in theta cordance over the first week of clinical rTMS and sought to identify a biomarker that would predict outcome at the end of 6 weeks of treatment. Clinically stable outpatients (n = 18) received nonblinded rTMS treatment administered to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Treatment parameters (site, intensity, number of pulses) were adjusted on an ongoing basis guided by changes in symptom severity rating scale scores. qEEGs were recorded at pretreatment baseline and after 1 week of left DLPFC (L-DLPFC) rTMS using a 21-channel dry-electrode headset. Analyses examined the association between week 1 regional changes in theta band (4-8 Hz) cordance, and week 6 patient- and physician-rated outcomes. Theta cordance change in the central brain region predicted percent change in Inventory of Depressive Symptomology-Self-Report (IDS-SR) score, and improvement versus nonimprovement on the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement Inventory (CGI-I) ( R = .38, P = .007; and Nagelkerke R = .78, P = .0001, respectively). The cordance biomarker remained significant when controlling for age, gender, and baseline severity. Treatment-emergent change in EEG theta cordance in the first week of rTMS may predict acute (6-week) treatment outcome in MDD. This oscillatory synchrony biomarker merits further study in independent samples.", "authors": [ "Hunter, Aimee M", "Nghiem, Thien X", "Cook, Ian A", "Krantz, David E", "Minzenberg, Michael J", "Leuchter, Andrew F" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1177/1550059417746212", "keywords": [ "N dorsolateral prefrontal cortex", "N cordance", "#text", "N major depression", "N transcranial magnetic stimulation", "N qEEG", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": 10, "pages": "306-315", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": null, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2169-5202", "publisher": null, "sjr": null, "snip": null, "subject_areas": [], "title": "Clinical EEG and neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2017-12-10", "selected": false, "title": "Change in Quantitative EEG Theta Cordance as a Potential Predictor of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Clinical Outcome in Major Depressive Disorder.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND Stimulation parameters in deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus for Parkinson's disease (PD) are rarely tested in double-blind conditions. Evidence-based recommendations on optimal stimulator settings are needed. Results from the CUSTOM-DBS study are reported, comparing 2 pulse durations.\nMETHODS A total of 15 patients were programmed using a pulse width of 30\u2009\u00b5s (test) or 60\u2009\u00b5s (control). Efficacy and side-effect thresholds and unified PD rating scale (UPDRS) III were measured in meds-off (primary outcome). The therapeutic window was the difference between patients' efficacy and side effect thresholds.\nRESULTS The therapeutic window was significantly larger at 30\u2009\u00b5s than 60\u2009\u00b5s (P\u2009=\u2009\u00b70009) and the efficacy (UPDRS III score) was noninferior (P\u2009=\u2009.00008).\nINTERPRETATION Subthalamic neurostimulation at 30\u2009\u00b5s versus 60\u2009\u00b5s pulse width is equally effective on PD motor signs, is more energy efficient, and has less likelihood of stimulation-related side effects. \u00a9 2017 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.", "authors": [ "Steigerwald, Frank", "Timmermann, Lars", "K\u00fchn, Andrea", "Schnitzler, Alfons", "Reich, Martin M", "Kirsch, Anna Dalal", "Barbe, Michael Thomas", "Visser-Vandewalle, Veerle", "H\u00fcbl, Julius", "van Riesen, Christoph", "Groiss, Stefan Jun", "Moldovan, Alexia-Sabine", "Lin, Sherry", "Carcieri, Stephen", "Manola, Ljubomir", "Volkmann, Jens" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1002/mds.27238", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "N Parkinson's disease", "D016428 Journal Article", "N pulse width", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "D016449 Randomized Controlled Trial", "N subthalamic", "N stimulation parameters" ], "number_of_pages": 5, "pages": "165-169", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 13.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1531-8257", "publisher": "John Wiley & Sons Inc.", "sjr": 2.602, "snip": 1.981, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society" }, "publication_date": "2017-11-22", "selected": false, "title": "Pulse duration settings in subthalamic stimulation for Parkinson's disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate how quality of life outcome after bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) depends on age.\nMETHODS In this prospective, open-label, multicenter study including 120 PD patients undergoing bilateral STN-DBS, we investigated the PDQuestionnaire-8 (PDQ-8), Unified PD Rating Scale-III, Scales for Outcomes in PD-motor examination, complications, activities of daily living, and levodopa equivalent daily dose preoperatively and at 5 months follow-up. Significant changes at follow-up were analyzed with Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. To explore the influence of age post hoc, the patients were classified into 3 age groups (\u226459, 60-69, \u226570 years). Intragroup changes were analyzed with Wilcoxon signed-rank and intergroup differences with Kruskal-Wallis tests. The strength of clinical responses was evaluated using effect size.\nRESULTS The PDQuestionnaire-8, Scales for Outcomes in PD-motor complications, activities of daily living, and levodopa equivalent daily dose significantly improved in the overall cohort and all age groups with no significant intergroup differences. However, PDQuestionnaire-8 effect sizes for age groups \u226459, 60 to 69, and \u226570 years, respectively, were strong, moderate, and small. Furthermore, PDQuestionnaire-8 domain analyses revealed that all domains except cognition and emotional well-being significantly improved in patients aged \u226459 years, whereas only communication, activities of daily living, and stigma improved in patients aged 60-69 years, and activities of daily living and stigma in patients aged \u226570 years.\nCONCLUSIONS Although quality of life, motor complications, and activities of daily living significantly improved in all age groups after bilateral STN-DBS, the beneficial effect on overall quality of life was more pronounced and affected a wider range of quality of life domains in younger patients. \u00a9 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.", "authors": [ "Dafsari, Haidar S", "Reker, Paul", "Stalinski, Lisa", "Silverdale, Monty", "Rizos, Alexandra", "Ashkan, Keyoumars", "Barbe, Michael T", "Fink, Gereon R", "Evans, Julian", "Steffen, Julia", "Samuel, Michael", "Dembek, Till A", "Visser-Vandewalle, Veerle", "Antonini, Angelo", "Ray-Chaudhuri, K", "Martinez-Martin, Pablo", "Timmermann, Lars", "None, None" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1002/mds.27222", "keywords": [ "N subthalamic nucleus", "N Deep brain stimulation", "D016428 Journal Article", "N neurostimulation", "N quality of life", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "D016448 Multicenter Study" ], "number_of_pages": 9, "pages": "99-107", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 13.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1531-8257", "publisher": "John Wiley & Sons Inc.", "sjr": 2.602, "snip": 1.981, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society" }, "publication_date": "2017-11-18", "selected": false, "title": "Quality of life outcome after subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson's disease depends on age.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "We walk together, we watch together, we win together: Interpersonally coordinated actions are omnipresent in everyday life, yet the associated neural mechanisms are not well understood. Available evidence suggests that the synchronization of oscillatory activity across brains may provide a mechanism for the temporal alignment of actions between two or more individuals. In an attempt to provide a direct test of this hypothesis, we applied transcranial alternating current stimulation simultaneously to two individuals (hyper-tACS) who were asked to drum in synchrony at a set pace. Thirty-eight female-female dyads performed the dyadic drumming in the course of 3 weeks under three different hyper-tACS stimulation conditions: same-phase-samefrequency; different-phase-different-frequency; sham. Based on available evidence and theoretical considerations, stimulation was applied over right frontal and parietal sites in the theta frequency range. We predicted that same-phase-same-frequency stimulation would improve interpersonal action coordination, expressed as the degree of synchrony in dyadic drumming, relative to the other two conditions. Contrary to expectations, both the same-phase-same-frequency and the different-phase-differentfrequency conditions were associated with greater dyadic drumming asynchrony relative to the sham condition. No influence of hyper-tACS on behavioral performance was seen when participants were asked to drum separately in synchrony to a metronome. Individual and dyad preferred drumming tempo was also unaffected by hyper-tACS. We discuss limitations of the present version of the hyper-tACS paradigm, and suggest avenues for future research. \u00c2\u00a9 2017 Szymanski, M\u00c3\u00bcller, Brick, von Oertzen and Lindenberger.", "authors": [ "Szymanski, Caroline", "M\u00fcller, Viktor", "Brick, Timothy R", "von Oertzen, Timo", "Lindenberger, Ulman" ], "categories": null, "citations": 23, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.3389/fnhum.2017.00539", "keywords": [ "@UI", "N joint action", "N interpersonal coordination", "N tACS", "N hyperscanning", "#text" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "539", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 4.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1662-5161", "publisher": "Frontiers Media S.A.", "sjr": 0.787, "snip": 1.033, "subject_areas": [ "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Neurology", "Biological Psychiatry", "Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology", "Behavioral Neuroscience" ], "title": "Frontiers in human neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2017-11-08", "selected": true, "title": "Hyper-Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation: Experimental Manipulation of Inter-Brain Synchrony.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85040973659&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE To identify abnormal thalamocortical circuits in the severe epilepsy of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) that may explain the shared electroclinical phenotype and provide potential treatment targets.\nMETHODS Twenty patients with a diagnosis of LGS (mean age = 28.5 years) and 26 healthy controls (mean age = 27.6 years) were compared using task-free functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The thalamus was parcellated according to functional connectivity with 10 cortical networks derived using group-level independent component analysis. For each cortical network, we assessed between-group differences in thalamic functional connectivity strength using nonparametric permutation-based tests. Anatomical locations were identified by quantifying spatial overlap with a histologically informed thalamic MRI atlas.\nRESULTS In both groups, posterior thalamic regions showed functional connectivity with visual, auditory, and sensorimotor networks, whereas anterior, medial, and dorsal thalamic regions were connected with networks of distributed association cortex (including the default-mode, anterior-salience, and executive-control networks). Four cortical networks (left and right executive-control network; ventral and dorsal default-mode network) showed significantly enhanced thalamic functional connectivity strength in patients relative to controls. Abnormal connectivity was maximal in mediodorsal and ventrolateral thalamic nuclei.\nSIGNIFICANCE Specific thalamocortical circuits are affected in LGS. Functional connectivity is abnormally enhanced between the mediodorsal and ventrolateral thalamus and the default-mode and executive-control networks, thalamocortical circuits that normally support diverse cognitive processes. In contrast, thalamic regions connecting with primary and sensory cortical networks appear to be less affected. Our previous neuroimaging studies show that epileptic activity in LGS is expressed via the default-mode and executive-control networks. Results of the present study suggest that the mediodorsal and ventrolateral thalamus may be candidate targets for modulating abnormal network behavior underlying LGS, potentially via emerging thalamic neurostimulation therapies.", "authors": [ "Warren, Aaron E L", "Abbott, David F", "Jackson, Graeme D", "Archer, John S" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1111/epi.13932", "keywords": [ "N fMRI", "N Deep brain stimulation", "N Lennox-Gastaut syndrome", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Thalamus", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Functional connectivity" ], "number_of_pages": 13, "pages": "2085-2097", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 10.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1528-1167", "publisher": "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd", "sjr": 1.966, "snip": 1.893, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Epilepsia" }, "publication_date": "2017-11-03", "selected": false, "title": "Thalamocortical functional connectivity in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome is abnormally enhanced in executive-control and default-mode networks.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND Conventional deep brain stimulation (DBS) utilizes regular, high frequency pulses to treat medication-refractory symptoms in essential tremor (ET). Modifications of DBS pulse shape to achieve improved effectiveness is a promising approach.\nOBJECTIVES The current study assessed the safety, tolerability and effectiveness of square biphasic pulse shaping as an alternative to conventional ET DBS.\nMETHODS This pilot study compared biphasic pulses (BiP) versus conventional DBS pulses (ClinDBS). Eleven ET subjects with clinically optimized ventralis intermedius nucleus DBS were enrolled. Objective measures were obtained over 3\u00a0h while ON BiP stimulation.\nRESULTS 2 2 2 There was observed benefit in the Fahn-Tolosa Tremor Rating Scale (TRS) for BiP conditions when compared to the DBS off condition and to ClinDBS setting. Total TRS scores during the DBS OFF condition (28.5 IQR\u00a0=\u00a024.5-35.25) were significantly higher than the other time points. Following active DBS, TRS improved to (20 IQR\u00a0=\u00a013.8-24.3) at ClinDBS setting and to (16.5 IQR\u00a0=\u00a012-20.75) at the 3\u00a0h period ON BiP stimulation (p\u00a0=\u00a00.001). Accelerometer recordings revealed improvement in tremor at rest (\u03c7\u00a0=\u00a016.1, p\u00a0=\u00a00.006), posture (\u03c7\u00a0=\u00a015.9, p\u00a0=\u00a00.007) and with action (\u03c7\u00a0=\u00a032.1, p=<0.001) when comparing median total scores at ClinDBS and OFF DBS conditions to 3\u00a0h ON BiP stimulation. There were no adverse effects and gait was not impacted.\nCONCLUSION BiP was safe, tolerable and effective on the tremor symptoms when tested up to 3\u00a0h. This study demonstrated the feasibility of applying a novel DBS waveform in the clinic setting. Larger prospective studies with longer clinical follow-up will be required.", "authors": [ "De Jesus, Sol", "Almeida, Leonardo", "Shahgholi, Leili", "Martinez-Ramirez, Daniel", "Roper, Jaimie", "Hass, Chris J", "Akbar, Umer", "Wagle Shukla, Aparna", "Raike, Robert S", "Okun, Michael S" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.10.015", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "N Movement disorders", "D016428 Journal Article", "D003160 Comparative Study", "D052061 Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Biphasic pulse stimulation", "N Neurostimulation", "N Essential tremor" ], "number_of_pages": 6, "pages": "41-46", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1873-5126", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "sjr": 1.05, "snip": 1.19, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Geriatrics and Gerontology", "Neurology" ], "title": "Parkinsonism & related disorders" }, "publication_date": "2017-10-20", "selected": false, "title": "Square biphasic pulse deep brain stimulation for essential tremor: The\u00a0BiP tremor study.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Objective The therapeutic efficacy of anterior thalamic nuclei deep brain stimulation (ATN-DBS) against seizures has been largely accepted; however, the effects of ATN-DBS on disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), albumin extravasation, inflammation and apoptosis still remain unclear. Methods Rats were distributed into four treatment groups: physiological saline (PS, N\u00a0=\u00a012), kainic acid (KA, N\u00a0=\u00a012), KA-sham-DBS (N\u00a0=\u00a012) and KA-DBS (N\u00a0=\u00a012). Seizures were monitored using video-electroencephalogram (EEG). One day after surgery, all rats were sacrificed. Then, samples were prepared for quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), western blot, immunofluorescence (IF) staining, and transmission electron microscopy to evaluate the disruption of the BBB, albumin extravasation, inflammation, and apoptosis. Result Because of the KA injection, the disruption of the BBB, albumin extravasation, inflammation and apoptosis were more severe in the KA and the KA-sham-DBS groups compared to the PS group (all Ps\u00a0<\u00a00.05 or\u00a0<\u00a00.01). The ideal outcomes were observed in the KA-DBS group. ATN-DBS produced a 46.3% reduction in seizure frequency and alleviated the disruption of the BBB, albumin extravasation, inflammatory reaction and apoptosis in comparison to the KA-sham-DBS group (all Ps\u00a0<\u00a00.05 or\u00a0<\u00a00.01). Conclusion (1) Seizures can be reduced using ATN-DBS in the epileptogenic stage. (2) ATN-DBS can reduce the disruption of the BBB and albumin extravasation. (3) ATN-DBS has an anti-inflammatory effect in epileptic models.", "authors": [ "Chen, Ying-Chuan", "Zhu, Guan-Yu", "Wang, Xiu", "Shi, Lin", "Du, Ting-Ting", "Liu, De-Feng", "Liu, Yu-Ye", "Jiang, Yin", "Zhang, Xin", "Zhang, Jian-Guo" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1080/01616412.2017.1379241", "keywords": [ "N epilepsy", "N Deep brain stimulation", "N anterior thalamic nuclei", "#text", "N inflammation", "N blood\u2013brain barrier", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": 11, "pages": "1103-1113", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 4.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1743-1328", "publisher": "Maney Publishing", "sjr": 0.543, "snip": 0.707, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Neurological research" }, "publication_date": "2017-09-18", "selected": false, "title": "Anterior thalamic nuclei deep brain stimulation reduces disruption of the blood-brain barrier, albumin extravasation, inflammation and apoptosis in kainic acid-induced epileptic rats.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Novel communication techniques have always been fascinating for humankind. This pilot study presents an approach to human interaction by combining direct brain-to-brain interface (BBI) and muscle-to-muscle interface (MMI) in a closed-loop pattern. In this system, artificial paths (data flows) functionally connect natural paths (nerves). The intention from one subject (sender) is recognized using electroencephalography (EEG) based brain-computer interface (BCI), which is sent out to trigger transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on the other subject (receiver) and induce hand motion; meanwhile TMS results in a significant change on the motor evoked potentials (MEP) recorded by electromyography (EMG) of the receiver's arm, which triggers functional electrical stimulation (FES) applied to the sender's arm and generates hand motion. Human-controlled loop and automatic control loop experiments were performed with 6 pairs of healthy subjects to evaluate the performance of the introduced mechanism. The results indicated that response accuracy during human-controlled experiments was 85% which demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed method. During the automatic control test, two subjects could accomplish repetitive and reciprocal hand motion control up to 85 times consecutively. \u00c2\u00a9 2017 The Author(s).", "authors": [ "Mashat, M Ebrahim M", "Li, Guangye", "Zhang, Dingguo" ], "categories": null, "citations": 22, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1038/s41598-017-10957-z", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "11001", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2045-2322", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "sjr": 0.973, "snip": 1.312, "subject_areas": [ "Human-Computer Interaction", "Neurons and Cognition", "Combinatorics", "Multidisciplinary" ], "title": "Scientific reports" }, "publication_date": "2017-09-08", "selected": false, "title": "Human-to-human closed-loop control based on brain-to-brain interface and muscle-to-muscle interface.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85028986771&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "UNLABELLED The goal of this study was to investigate subthalamic (STN) neural features of Freezers and Non-Freezers with Parkinson's disease (PD), while freely walking without freezing of gait (FOG) and during periods of FOG, which were better elicited during a novel turning and barrier gait task than during forward walking.\nMETHODS METHODS Synchronous STN local field potentials (LFPs), shank angular velocities, and ground reaction forces were measured in fourteen PD subjects (eight Freezers) off medication, OFF deep brain stimulation (DBS), using an investigative, implanted, sensing neurostimulator (Activa\u00ae PC+S, Medtronic, Inc.). Tasks included standing still, instrumented forward walking, stepping in place on dual forceplates, and instrumented walking through a turning and barrier course.\nRESULTS RESULTS During locomotion without FOG, Freezers showed lower beta (13-30Hz) power (P=0.036) and greater beta Sample Entropy (P=0.032), than Non-Freezers, as well as greater gait asymmetry and arrhythmicity (P<0.05 for both). No differences in alpha/beta power and/or entropy were evident at rest. During periods of FOG, Freezers showed greater alpha (8-12Hz) Sample Entropy (P<0.001) than during walking without FOG.\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS A novel turning and barrier course was superior to FW in eliciting FOG. Greater unpredictability in subthalamic beta rhythms was evident during stepping without freezing episodes in Freezers compared to Non-Freezers, whereas greater unpredictability in alpha rhythms was evident in Freezers during FOG. Non-linear analysis of dynamic neural signals during gait in freely moving people with PD may yield greater insight into the pathophysiology of FOG; whether the increases in STN entropy are causative or compensatory remains to be determined. Some beta LFP power may be useful for rhythmic, symmetric gait and DBS parameters, which completely attenuate STN beta power may worsen rather than improve FOG.", "authors": [ "Syrkin-Nikolau, Judy", "Koop, Mandy Miller", "Prieto, Thomas", "Anidi, Chioma", "Afzal, Muhammad Furqan", "Velisar, Anca", "Blumenfeld, Zack", "Martin, Talora", "Trager, Megan", "Bronte-Stewart, Helen" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.nbd.2017.09.002", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "N Parkinson's disease", "N Sample Entropy", "N Beta band oscillations", "N Subthalamic nucleus", "#text", "N Freezing of gait", "N Complexity", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": 10, "pages": "288-297", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 12.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1095-953X", "publisher": "Academic Press Inc.", "sjr": 1.893, "snip": 1.245, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology" ], "title": "Neurobiology of disease" }, "publication_date": "2017-09-07", "selected": false, "title": "Subthalamic neural entropy is a feature of freezing of gait in freely moving people with Parkinson's disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND Local field potentials (LFP) reflect the integrated electrophysiological activity of large neuron populations and may thus reflect the dynamics of spatially and functionally different networks.\nNEW METHOD We introduce the wavelet-based phase-coherence classification (PCC), which separates LFP into volume-conducted, local incoherent and local coherent components. It allows to compute power spectral densities for each component associated with local or remote electrophysiological activity.\nRESULTS We use synthetic time series to estimate optimal parameters for the application to LFP from within the subthalamic nucleus of eight Parkinson patients. With PCC we identify multiple local tremor clusters and quantify the relative power of local and volume-conducted components. We analyze the electrophysiological response to an apomorphine injection during rest and hold. Here we show medication-induced significant decrease of incoherent activity in the low beta band and increase of coherent activity in the high beta band. On medication significant movement-induced changes occur in the high beta band of the local coherent signal. It increases during isometric hold tasks and decreases during phasic wrist movement.\nCOMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS The power spectra of local PCC components is compared to bipolar recordings. In contrast to bipolar recordings PCC can distinguish local incoherent and coherent signals. We further compare our results with classification based on the imaginary part of coherency and the weighted phase lag index.\nCONCLUSIONS The low and high beta band are more susceptible to medication- and movement-related changes reflected by incoherent and local coherent activity, respectively. PCC components may thus reflect functionally different networks.", "authors": [ "von Papen, M", "Dafsari, H S", "Florin, E", "Gerick, F", "Timmermann, L", "Saur, J" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.08.021", "keywords": [ "N Parkinson's disease", "N Wavelet analysis", "D016428 Journal Article", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Phase coupling", "N Coherence", "N Volume conduction", "N Local field potential" ], "number_of_pages": 15, "pages": "198-212", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1872-678X", "publisher": "Elsevier", "sjr": 0.791, "snip": 0.87, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Journal of neuroscience methods" }, "publication_date": "2017-08-31", "selected": false, "title": "Phase-coherence classification: A new wavelet-based method to separate local field potentials into local (in)coherent and volume-conducted components.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND BACKGROUND The efficacy of anterior thalamic nuclei (ANT) deep brain stimulation (DBS) in mitigating epileptic seizures has been established. Though the neuroprotection of ANT-DBS has been illustrated, the seizure mitigating mechanism of ANT-DBS has not been thoroughly elucidated. In particular, the effect of ANT-DBS on neurogenesis has not been reported previously.\nMETHOD METHODS Thirty-two male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: sham-DBS-healthy (HL) (n=8), DBS-HL (n=8), sham-DBS-epilepsy (EP) (n=8) and DBS-EP (n=8). Normal saline and kainic acid were injected, respectively, into the former and later two groups, and seizures were monitored. One month later, rats received electrode implantation. Stimulation was exerted in the DBS group but not in the sham-DBS group. Next, all rats were sacrificed, and the ipsilateral hippocampus was dissected and prepared for quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) and western blot analysis in order to measure neuronal nuclear (NeuN), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), doublecortin (DCX) and Ki-67 expressions.\nRESULTS RESULTS A 44.4% seizure frequency reduction was obtained after ANT-DBS, and no seizures was observed in healthy rats. NeuN, BDNF, Ki-67 and DCX expression levels were significantly decreased in the epileptic rats compared to healthy rats (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Obvious increases in NeuN, Ki-67 and DCX expressions were observed in epileptic and healthy rats receiving stimulation compared to rats receiving no stimulation (all Ps<0.01). However, BDNF expression was not affected by ANT-DBS (all Ps>0.05).\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS (1) ANT-DBS reduces neuronal loss during the chronic stage of epilepsy. (2) Neurogenesis is elevated by ANT-DBS in both epileptic and healthy rats, and this elevation may not be regulated via a BDNF pathway.", "authors": [ "Chen, Ying-Chuan", "Shi, Lin", "Zhu, Guan-Yu", "Wang, Xiu", "Liu, De-Feng", "Liu, Yu-Ye", "Jiang, Yin", "Zhang, Xin", "Zhang, Jian-Guo" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.brainres.2017.07.021", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "N Neurogenesis", "N Anterior thalamic nuclei", "N Neuronal loss", "#text", "N Epilepsy", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": 8, "pages": "65-72", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1872-6240", "publisher": "Elsevier", "sjr": 0.854, "snip": 0.766, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)", "Neurology (clinical)", "Molecular Biology", "Developmental Biology" ], "title": "Brain research" }, "publication_date": "2017-07-29", "selected": false, "title": "Effects of anterior thalamic nuclei deep brain stimulation on neurogenesis in epileptic and healthy rats.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND Despite optimal medical treatment, including epilepsy surgery, many epilepsy patients have uncontrolled seizures. Since the 1970s interest has grown in invasive intracranial neurostimulation as a treatment for these patients. Intracranial stimulation includes both deep brain stimulation (DBS) (stimulation through depth electrodes) and cortical stimulation (subdural electrodes). This is an updated version of a\u00a0previous Cochrane\u00a0review published in 2014.\nOBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy, safety and tolerability of DBS and cortical stimulation for refractory epilepsy based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs).\nSEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Epilepsy Group Specialized Register on 29 September 2015, but it was not necessary to update this search, because records in the Specialized Register are included in CENTRAL. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (the Cochrane Library 2016, Issue 11, 5 November 2016), PubMed (5 November 2016), ClinicalTrials.gov (5 November 2016), the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform ICTRP (5 November 2016) and reference lists of retrieved articles. We also contacted device manufacturers and other researchers in the field. No language restrictions were imposed.\nSELECTION CRITERIA RCTs comparing deep brain or cortical stimulation versus sham stimulation, resective surgery, further treatment with antiepileptic drugs or other neurostimulation treatments (including vagus nerve stimulation).\nDATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Four review authors independently selected trials for inclusion. Two review authors independently extracted the relevant data and assessed trial quality and overall quality of evidence. The outcomes investigated were seizure freedom, responder rate, percentage seizure frequency reduction, adverse events, neuropsychological outcome and quality of life. If additional data were needed, the study investigators were contacted. Results were analysed and reported separately for different intracranial targets for reasons of clinical heterogeneity.\nMAIN RESULTS Twelve RCTs were identified, eleven of these compared one to three months of intracranial neurostimulation with sham stimulation. One trial was on anterior thalamic DBS (n = 109; 109 treatment periods); two trials on centromedian thalamic DBS (n = 20; 40 treatment periods), but only one of the trials (n = 7; 14 treatment periods) reported sufficient information for inclusion in the quantitative meta-analysis; three trials on cerebellar stimulation (n = 22; 39 treatment periods); three trials on hippocampal DBS (n = 15; 21 treatment periods); one trial on nucleus accumbens DBS (n = 4; 8 treatment periods); and one trial on responsive ictal onset zone stimulation (n = 191; 191 treatment periods). In addition, one small RCT (n = 6) compared six months of hippocampal DBS versus sham stimulation. Evidence of selective reporting was present in four trials and the possibility of a carryover effect complicating interpretation of the results could not be excluded in five cross-over trials without any or a sufficient washout period. Moderate-quality evidence could not demonstrate statistically or clinically significant changes in the proportion of patients who were seizure-free or experienced a 50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency (primary outcome measures) after one to three months of anterior thalamic DBS in (multi)focal epilepsy, responsive ictal onset zone stimulation in (multi)focal epilepsy patients and hippocampal DBS in (medial) temporal lobe epilepsy. However, a statistically significant reduction in seizure frequency was found for anterior thalamic DBS (mean difference (MD), -17.4% compared to sham stimulation; 95% confidence interval (CI) -31.2 to -1.0; high-quality evidence), responsive ictal onset zone stimulation (MD -24.9%; 95% CI -40.1 to -6.0; high-quality evidence) and hippocampal DBS (MD -28.1%; 95% CI -34.1 to -22.2; moderate-quality evidence). Both anterior thalamic DBS and responsive ictal onset zone stimulation do not have a clinically meaningful impact on quality life after three months of stimulation (high-quality evidence). Electrode implantation resulted in postoperative asymptomatic intracranial haemorrhage in 1.6% to 3.7% of the patients included in the two largest trials and 2.0% to 4.5% had postoperative soft tissue infections (9.4% to 12.7% after five years); no patient reported permanent symptomatic sequelae. Anterior thalamic DBS was associated with fewer epilepsy-associated injuries (7.4 versus 25.5%; P = 0.01) but higher rates of self-reported depression (14.8 versus 1.8%; P = 0.02) and subjective memory impairment (13.8 versus 1.8%; P = 0.03); there were no significant differences in formal neuropsychological testing results between the groups. Responsive ictal-onset zone stimulation seemed to be well-tolerated with few side effects.The limited number of patients preclude firm statements on safety and tolerability of hippocampal DBS. With regards to centromedian thalamic DBS, nucleus accumbens DBS and cerebellar stimulation, no statistically significant effects could be demonstrated but evidence is of only low to very low quality.\nAUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Except for one very small RCT, only short-term RCTs on intracranial neurostimulation for epilepsy are available. Compared to sham stimulation, one to three months of anterior thalamic DBS ((multi)focal epilepsy), responsive ictal onset zone stimulation ((multi)focal epilepsy) and hippocampal DBS (temporal lobe epilepsy) moderately reduce seizure frequency in refractory epilepsy patients. Anterior thalamic DBS is associated with higher rates of self-reported depression and subjective memory impairment. There is insufficient evidence to make firm conclusive statements on the efficacy and safety of hippocampal DBS, centromedian thalamic DBS, nucleus accumbens DBS and cerebellar stimulation. There is a need for more, large and well-designed RCTs to validate and optimize the efficacy and safety of invasive intracranial neurostimulation treatments.", "authors": [ "Sprengers, Mathieu", "Vonck, Kristl", "Carrette, Evelien", "Marson, Anthony G", "Boon, Paul" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1002/14651858.CD008497.pub3", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "CD008497", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": null, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1469-493X", "publisher": null, "sjr": null, "snip": null, "subject_areas": [], "title": "The Cochrane database of systematic reviews" }, "publication_date": "2017-07-18", "selected": false, "title": "Deep brain and cortical stimulation for epilepsy.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVE Over 30% of critically ill patients on positive-pressure mechanical ventilation have difficulty weaning from the ventilator, many of whom acquire ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction. Temporary transvenous phrenic nerve pacing using a novel electrode-bearing catheter may provide a means to prevent diaphragm atrophy, to strengthen an atrophied diaphragm, and mitigate the harms of mechanical ventilation. We tested the initial safety, feasibility, and impact on ventilation of this novel approach.\nDESIGN METHODS First-in-Humans case series.\nSETTING METHODS Angiogram suite.\nPATIENTS METHODS Twenty-four sedated, mechanically ventilated patients immediately prior to an elective atrial septal defect repair procedure.\nINTERVENTIONS METHODS A 9.5-Fr central venous catheter with 19 embedded electrodes was placed via Seldinger technique into the left subclavian vein and superior vena cava and evaluated for up to 90 minutes. The electrode combinations determined to provide best transvenous stimulation of the right and left phrenic nerves were activated in synchrony with mechanically ventilated breaths.\nMEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS RESULTS One patient could not be tested for reasons unrelated to the device. In the 23 patients who underwent the full protocol, transvenous stimulation activated the diaphragm in 22 of 23 (96%) left phrenic capture attempts and 20 of 23 (87%) right phrenic capture attempts. In one subject, a congenital left-sided superior vena cava precluded right-sided capture. Significant reductions in ventilator pressure-time-product were achieved during stimulation assisted breaths in all 22 paced subjects (range, 9.9-48.6%; p < 0.001). There were no adverse events either immediately or at 2-week follow-up.\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS In this First-in-Human series, diaphragm pacing with a temporary catheter was safe and effectively contributed to ventilation in conjunction with a mechanical ventilator.", "authors": [ "Reynolds, Steven", "Ebner, Adrian", "Meffen, Tracy", "Thakkar, Viral", "Gani, Matt", "Taylor, Kaity", "Clark, Linda", "Sadarangani, Gautam", "Meyyappan, Ramasamy", "Sandoval, Rodrigo", "Rohrs, Elizabeth", "Hoffer, Joaqu\u00edn A" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1097/CCM.0000000000002366", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "e691-e694", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 12.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1530-0293", "publisher": "Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Ltd.", "sjr": 2.785, "snip": 2.431, "subject_areas": [ "Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine" ], "title": "Critical care medicine" }, "publication_date": "2017-07-01", "selected": false, "title": "Diaphragm Activation in Ventilated Patients Using a Novel Transvenous Phrenic Nerve Pacing Catheter.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND BACKGROUND Exaggerated oscillatory activity in the beta frequency band in the subthalamic nucleus has been suggested to be related to bradykinesia in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, studies seeking correlations between such activity in the local field potential and motor performance have been limited to the immediate postoperative period, which may be confounded by a stun effect that leads to the temporary alleviation of PD deficits.\nMETHODS METHODS Local field potentials were recorded simultaneously with motor performance in PD patients several months after neurostimulator implantation. This was enabled by the chronic implantation of a pulse generator with the capacity to record and transmit local field potentials from deep brain stimulation electrodes. Specifically, we investigated oscillatory beta power dynamics and objective measures of bradykinesia during an upper limb alternating pronation and supination task in 9 patients.\nRESULTS RESULTS Although beta power was suppressed during continuously repeated movements, this suppression progressively diminished over time in tandem with a progressive decrement in the frequency and amplitude of movements. The relationship between changes within local field potentials and movement parameters was significant across patients, and not present for theta/alpha frequencies (5-12 Hz). Change in movement frequency furthermore related to beta power dynamics within patients.\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS Changes in beta power are linked to changes in movement performance and the sequence effect of bradykinesia months after neurostimulator implantation. These findings provide further evidence that beta power may serve as a biomarker for bradykinesia and provide a suitable substrate for feedback control in chronic adaptive deep brain stimulation. \u00a9 2017 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.", "authors": [ "Steiner, Leon Amadeus", "Neumann, Wolf-Julian", "Staub-Bartelt, Franziska", "Herz, Damian M", "Tan, Huiling", "Pogosyan, Alek", "Kuhn, Andrea A", "Brown, Peter" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1002/mds.27068", "keywords": [ "N bradykinesia", "N Parkinson's disease", "@UI", "N deep brain stimulation", "N local field potential", "#text" ], "number_of_pages": 8, "pages": "1183-1190", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 13.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1531-8257", "publisher": "John Wiley & Sons Inc.", "sjr": 2.602, "snip": 1.981, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society" }, "publication_date": "2017-06-22", "selected": false, "title": "Subthalamic beta dynamics mirror Parkinsonian bradykinesia months after neurostimulator implantation.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Electroencephalography (EEG) spikes and focal epileptic seizures are generated in circumscribed cerebral networks that have been insufficiently described. For precise time and spatial domain network characterization, we applied in patients with focal epilepsy dense array 256-channel EEG recordings with causal connectivity estimation by using time-resolved partial directed coherence and 3T-magnetic resonance imaging-derived cortical and thalamus integrity reconstruction. Before spike generation, significant theta and alpha bands driven information flows alterations were noted from both temporal and frontal lobes to the thalamus and from the thalamus to the frontal lobe. Medial dorsal and ventral anterior nuclei of the thalamus were delimited as possible pacemakers. Markedly reduced thalamic volumes and impaired cortical integrity in widespread areas predicted the altered information flows. Our data reveal distinct patterns of connectivity involving the thalamus and frontal cortex that are both directly and causally involved in spike generation. These structures might play an essential role in epileptogenesis and could be targeted in future therapeutic approaches.", "authors": [ "Chiosa, Vitalie", "Groppa, Stanislav A", "Ciolac, Dumitru", "Koirala, Nabin", "Mi\u015fina, Liudmila", "Winter, Yaroslav", "Moldovanu, Maria", "Muthuraman, Muthuraman", "Groppa, Sergiu" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1089/brain.2017.0487", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N thalamo-cortical connections", "N effective connectivity", "N spike generation", "N focal epilepsy" ], "number_of_pages": 12, "pages": "309-320", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 4.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2158-0022", "publisher": "Mary Ann Liebert Inc.", "sjr": 0.893, "snip": 0.898, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Brain connectivity" }, "publication_date": "2017-06-01", "selected": false, "title": "Breakdown of Thalamo-Cortical Connectivity Precedes Spike Generation in Focal Epilepsies.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "In awake monkeys, we used repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to focally inactivate visual cortex while measuring the responsiveness of parvocellular lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) neurons. Effects were noted in 64/75 neurons, and could be divided into 2 main groups: (1) for 39 neurons, visual responsiveness decreased and visual latency increased without apparent shift in receptive field (RF) position and (2) a second group (n = 25, 33% of the recorded cells) whose excitability was not compromised, but whose RF position shifted an average of 4.5\u00b0. This change is related to the retinotopic correspondence observed between the recorded thalamic area and the affected cortical zone. The effect of inactivation for this group of neurons was compatible with silencing the original retinal drive and unmasking a second latent retinal drive onto the studied neuron. These results indicate novel and remarkable dynamics in thalamocortical circuitry that force us to reassess constraints on retinogeniculate transmission.", "authors": [ "Aguila, Jordi", "Cudeiro, F Javier", "Rivadulla, Casto" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1093/cercor/bhx071", "keywords": [ "N neuroplasticity", "@UI", "N visual system", "N corticothalamic feedback", "#text", "N LGN", "N v1", "N RFs" ], "number_of_pages": 15, "pages": "3331-3345", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 8.2, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1460-2199", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "sjr": 1.738, "snip": 1.159, "subject_areas": [ "Cognitive Neuroscience", "Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience" ], "title": "Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)" }, "publication_date": "2017-06-01", "selected": false, "title": "Suppression of V1 Feedback Produces a Shift in the Topographic Representation of Receptive Fields of LGN Cells by Unmasking Latent Retinal Drives.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Functional neurosurgery is a rapidly growing field with exciting future potential applications. This article describes currently used implanted electronic devices for neurologic stimulation and monitoring. The devices to be reviewed include invasive EEG electrodes, deep brain stimulator, motor cortex stimulator, responsive neurostimulation, osteo-integrated hearing aid, middle ear implant, cochlear implant, auditory brainstem implant, vagal nerve stimulator and spinal cord stimulator. Emphasis is placed on the normal components, function, positioning, potential complications and MRI safety of these devices. Understanding the motivations and appropriate use of these implantable devices is critical for clinical neuroradiologists to provide relevant imaging interpretation and protocols for patients and referring physicians. \u00c2\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS", "authors": [ "Patel, S.H.", "Halpern, C.H.", "Shepherd, T.M.", "Timpone, V.M." ], "categories": null, "citations": 8, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.neurad.2016.12.005", "keywords": [ "Functional neurosurgery", "Implanted electronic devices", "Neurostimulation", "Deep brain stimulation" ], "number_of_pages": 10, "pages": "175-184", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "01509861", "publisher": "Elsevier Masson s.r.l.", "sjr": 0.75, "snip": 1.18, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Radiological and Ultrasound Technology", "Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging" ], "title": "Journal of Neuroradiology" }, "publication_date": "2017-06-01", "selected": false, "title": "Electrical stimulation and monitoring devices of the CNS: An imaging review", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85011589666&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation has been shown to be effective in reducing symptoms of primary Meige syndrome. However, assessments of its efficacy and safety have been limited to several case reports and small studies. METHODS The authors performed a retrospective study to assess the efficacy and safety of bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation in 15 patients with primary Meige syndrome who responded poorly to medical treatments or botulinum toxin injections. Using the movement and disability subscores of the Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale, the authors evaluated the severity of patients' dystonia and related before surgery and at final follow-up during neurostimulation. The movement scale was assessed based on preoperative and postoperative video documentation by an independent rater who was unaware of each patient's neurostimulation status. Quality of life was assessed with the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form General Health Survey. RESULTS The dystonia movement subscores in 14 consecutive patients improved from 19.3 \u00b1 7.6 (mean \u00b1 standard deviation) before surgery to 5.5 \u00b1 4.5 at final follow-up (28.5 \u00b1 16.5 months), with a mean improvement of 74% (p < 0.05). The disability subscore improved from 15.6 \u00b1 4.9 before surgery to 6.1 \u00b1 3.5 at final follow-up (p < 0.05). In addition, the postoperative SF-36 scores increased markedly over those at baseline. The authors also found that bilateral stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus immediately improved patient symptoms after stimulation and required lower stimulation parameters than those needed for pallidal deep brain stimulation for primary Meige syndrome. Four adverse events occurred in 3 patients; all of these events resolved without permanent sequelae. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide further evidence to support the long-term efficacy and safety of subthalamic nucleus stimulation as an alternative treatment for patients with medically intractable Meige syndrome.", "authors": [ "Zhan, Shikun", "Sun, Fafa", "Pan, Yixin", "Liu, Wei", "Huang, Peng", "Cao, Chunyan", "Zhang, Jing", "Li, Dianyou", "Sun, Bomin" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.3171/2016.12.JNS16383", "keywords": [ "N subthalamic nucleus", "N DBS = deep brain stimulation", "N dystonia", "N BFMDRS = Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale", "N IPG = implantable pulse generator", "D016428 Journal Article", "N STN = subthalamic nucleus", "N SF-36 = 36-Item Short-Form General Health Survey", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N surgical technique", "N functional neurosurgery", "N GPi = globus pallidus internus", "N Meige syndrome", "N deep brain stimulation" ], "number_of_pages": 6, "pages": "897-902", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 8.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1933-0693", "publisher": "American Association of Neurological Surgeons", "sjr": 1.138, "snip": 1.896, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "Journal of neurosurgery" }, "publication_date": "2017-05-26", "selected": false, "title": "Bilateral deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in primary Meige syndrome.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "There is considerable interest in maintaining working memory (WM) because it is essential to accomplish most cognitive tasks, and it is correlated with fluid intelligence and ecologically valid measures of daily living. Toward this end, WM training protocols aim to improve WM capacity and extend improvements to unpracticed domains, yet success is limited. One emerging approach is to couple WM training with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). This pairing of WM training with tDCS in longitudinal designs promotes behavioral improvement and evidence of transfer of performance gains to untrained WM tasks. However, the mechanism(s) underlying tDCS-linked training benefits remain unclear. Our goal was to gain purchase on this question by recording high-density EEG before and after a weeklong WM training\u00c2 +\u00c2 tDCS study. Participants completed four sessions of frontoparietal tDCS (active anodal or sham) during which they performed a visuospatial WM change detection task. Participants who received active anodal tDCS demonstrated significant improvement on the WM task, unlike those who received sham stimulation. Importantly, this pattern was mirrored by neural correlates in spectral and phase synchrony analyses of the HD-EEG data. Notably, the behavioral interaction was echoed by interactions in frontal-posterior alpha band power, and theta and low alpha oscillations. These findings indicate that one mechanism by which paired tDCS\u00c2 +\u00c2 WM training operates is to enhance cortical efficiency and connectivity in task-relevant networks. \u00c2\u00a9 2017", "authors": [ "Jones, Kevin T", "Peterson, Dwight J", "Blacker, Kara J", "Berryhill, Marian E" ], "categories": null, "citations": 41, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.brainres.2017.05.005", "keywords": [ "@UI", "N tDCS", "N HD-EEG", "N Neural oscillations", "N Working memory training", "#text" ], "number_of_pages": 13, "pages": "28-40", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1872-6240", "publisher": "Elsevier", "sjr": 0.854, "snip": 0.766, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)", "Neurology (clinical)", "Molecular Biology", "Developmental Biology" ], "title": "Brain research" }, "publication_date": "2017-05-11", "selected": false, "title": "Frontoparietal neurostimulation modulates working memory training benefits and oscillatory synchronization.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85019209345&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Objectives: The triad conditioned facilitation (TCF) technique has been shown to detect motor cortical intrinsic rhythms depending on the functioning of specific cortical layers by measuring motor evoked potential (MEP) enhancement after a triad of conditioning TMS pulses at a certain interval. However, the influence of cortical degeneration on TCF is still undetermined. We therefore studied TCF in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by degeneration of the motor cortex. Methods: Thirteen patients with ALS and 11 age-matched disease control patients with cervical myelopathy (CM) or radiculopathy (CR) participated in the study. We studied short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), intracortical facilitation (ICF) and TCF using the paired-pulse and triad conditioned TMS paradigm. Results: TCF was significantly reduced in ALS patients compared to CM/CR patients, who had normal TCF. SICI and ICF did not differ between groups. Conclusion: The absence of TCF with preserved SICI and ICF suggests changes in the intrinsic rhythm generation within the motor cortex due to cortical neurodegeneration in ALS patients. In contrast, TCF was normal in patents with CM/CR in whom the motor cortical intrinsic circuits are not involved. This technique may be valuable to differentiate patients with ALS from those with CM/CR. \u00c2\u00a9 2017 World Federation of Neurology on behalf of the Research Group on Motor Neuron Diseases.", "authors": [ "Groiss, Stefan J", "Mochizuki, Hitoshi", "Hanajima, Ritsuko", "Trenado, Carlos", "Nakatani-Enomoto, Setsu", "Otani, Koji", "Ugawa, Yoshikazu" ], "categories": null, "citations": 4, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1080/21678421.2017.1321676", "keywords": [ "N piper rhythm", "D016428 Journal Article", "N TCF", "N TMS", "N 25\u2009ms", "N 40\u2009Hz", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N triad", "N ALS" ], "number_of_pages": 7, "pages": "604-610", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2167-9223", "publisher": "Informa Healthcare", "sjr": 1.116, "snip": 1.114, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration" }, "publication_date": "2017-05-09", "selected": false, "title": "Impairment of triad conditioned facilitation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85019089197&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE Dysfunction of distributed neural networks underlies many brain disorders. The development of neuromodulation therapies depends on a better understanding of these networks. Invasive human brain recordings have a favorable temporal and spatial resolution for the analysis of network phenomena but have generally been limited to acute intraoperative recording or short-term recording through temporarily externalized leads. Here, the authors describe their initial experience with an investigational, first-generation, totally implantable, bidirectional neural interface that allows both continuous therapeutic stimulation and recording of field potentials at multiple sites in a neural network. METHODS Under a physician-sponsored US Food and Drug Administration investigational device exemption, 5 patients with Parkinson's disease were implanted with the Activa PC+S system (Medtronic Inc.). The device was attached to a quadripolar lead placed in the subdural space over motor cortex, for electrocorticography potential recordings, and to a quadripolar lead in the subthalamic nucleus (STN), for both therapeutic stimulation and recording of local field potentials. Recordings from the brain of each patient were performed at multiple time points over a 1-year period. RESULTS There were no serious surgical complications or interruptions in deep brain stimulation therapy. Signals in both the cortex and the STN were relatively stable over time, despite a gradual increase in electrode impedance. Canonical movement-related changes in specific frequency bands in the motor cortex were identified in most but not all recordings. CONCLUSIONS The acquisition of chronic multisite field potentials in humans is feasible. The device performance characteristics described here may inform the design of the next generation of totally implantable neural interfaces. This research tool provides a platform for translating discoveries in brain network dynamics to improved neurostimulation paradigms. Clinical trial registration no.: NCT01934296 (clinicaltrials.gov).", "authors": [ "Swann, Nicole C", "de Hemptinne, Coralie", "Miocinovic, Svjetlana", "Qasim, Salman", "Ostrem, Jill L", "Galifianakis, Nicholas B", "Luciano, Marta San", "Wang, Sarah S", "Ziman, Nathan", "Taylor, Robin", "Starr, Philip A" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.3171/2016.11.JNS161162", "keywords": [ "N Parkinson's disease", "N DBS = deep brain stimulation", "N DBS", "N EKG = electrocardiogram", "N STN = subthalamic nucleus", "N FDA = Food and Drug Administration", "N PSD = power spectral density", "N brain-machine interface", "N ECoG = electrocorticography", "D052061 Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "N PD = Parkinson's disease", "N PD", "N motor cortex", "N basal ganglia", "N deep brain stimulation", "D016428 Journal Article", "N UPDRS = Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale", "N electrophysiology", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N RMS = root mean square", "N LFP = local field potential", "N functional neurosurgery", "N IPG = implanted pulse generator" ], "number_of_pages": 12, "pages": "605-616", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 8.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1933-0693", "publisher": "American Association of Neurological Surgeons", "sjr": 1.138, "snip": 1.896, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "Journal of neurosurgery" }, "publication_date": "2017-04-14", "selected": false, "title": "Chronic multisite brain recordings from a totally implantable bidirectional neural interface: experience in 5 patients with Parkinson's disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The synchronization task is a well-established paradigm for the investigation of motor timing with respect to an external pacing signal. It requires subjects to synchronize their finger taps in synchrony with a regular metronome. A specific significance of the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) for superior synchronization in professional drummers has been suggested. In non-musicians, modulation of the excitability of the left PPC by means of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) modulates synchronization performance of the right hand. In order to determine the significance of the left PPC for superior synchronization in drummers, we here investigate the effects of cathodal and anodal tDCS in 20 professional drummers on auditory-motor synchronization of the right hand. A continuation and a reaction time task served as control conditions. Moreover, the interaction between baseline performance and tDCS polarity was estimated in precise as compared to less precise synchronizers according to median split. Previously published data from 16 non-musicians were re-analyzed accordingly in order to highlight possible differences of tDCS effects in drummers and non-musicians. TDCS was applied for 10 min with an intensity of 0.25 mA over the left PPC. Behavioral measures were determined prior to and immediately after tDCS. In drummers the overall analysis of synchronization performance revealed significantly larger tap-to-tone asynchronies following anodal tDCS with the tap preceding the tone replicating findings in non-musicians. No significant effects were found on control tasks. The analysis for participants with large as compared to small baseline asynchronies revealed that only in drummers with small asynchronies tDCS interfered with synchronization performance. The re-analysis of the data from non-musicians indicated the reversed pattern. The data support the hypothesis that the PPC is involved in auditory-motor synchronization and extend previous findings by showing that its functional significance varies with musical expertise. \u00c2\u00a9 2017 Pollok, Stephan, Keitel, Krause and Schaal.", "authors": [ "Pollok, Bettina", "Stephan, Katharina", "Keitel, Ariane", "Krause, Vanessa", "Schaal, Nora K" ], "categories": null, "citations": 6, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.3389/fnhum.2017.00183", "keywords": [ "N synchronization", "#text", "N brain plasticity", "N anticipation", "N musicians", "N transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "183", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 4.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1662-5161", "publisher": "Frontiers Media S.A.", "sjr": 0.787, "snip": 1.033, "subject_areas": [ "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Neurology", "Biological Psychiatry", "Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology", "Behavioral Neuroscience" ], "title": "Frontiers in human neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2017-04-11", "selected": false, "title": "The Posterior Parietal Cortex Subserves Precise Motor Timing in Professional Drummers.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85018239699&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "The electrical stimulation of specific brain targets has been shown to induce striking antidepressant effects. Despite that recent data have indicated that cerebellum is involved in emotional regulation, the mechanisms by which stimulation improved mood-related behaviors in the cerebellum remained largely obscure. Here, we investigated the stimulation effects of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), nucleus accumbens (NAc), and lateral habenular nucleus on the c-Fos neuronal activity in various deep cerebellar and vestibular nuclei using the unpredictable chronic mild stress (CMS) animal model of depression. Our results showed that stressed animals had increased number of c-Fos cells in the cerebellar dentate and fastigial nuclei, as well as in the spinal vestibular nucleus. To examine the stimulation effects, we found that vmPFC stimulation significantly decreased the c-Fos activity within the cerebellar fastigial nucleus as compared to the CMS sham. Similarly, there was also a reduction of c-Fos expression in the magnocellular part of the medial vestibular nucleus in vmPFC- and NAc core-stimulated animals when compared to the CMS sham. Correlational analyses showed that the anxiety measure of home-cage emergence escape latency was positively correlated with the c-Fos neuronal activity of the cerebellar fastigial and magnocellular and parvicellular parts of the interposed nuclei in CMS vmPFC-stimulated animals. Interestingly, there was a strong correlation among activation in these cerebellar nuclei, indicating that the antidepressant-like behaviors were possibly mediated by the vmPFC stimulation-induced remodeling within the forebrain-cerebellar neurocircuitry.", "authors": [ "Huguet, Gemma", "Kadar, Elisabet", "Temel, Yasin", "Lim, Lee Wei" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1007/s12311-016-0812-y", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "N Antidepressant-like behaviors", "N High-frequency stimulation", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Deep cerebellar nuclei", "N Vestibular nuclei", "N Ventromedial prefrontal cortex" ], "number_of_pages": 13, "pages": "398-410", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1473-4230", "publisher": "Springer New York", "sjr": 0.966, "snip": 1.25, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Cerebellum (London, England)" }, "publication_date": "2017-04-01", "selected": false, "title": "Electrical Stimulation Normalizes c-Fos Expression in the Deep Cerebellar Nuclei of Depressive-like Rats: Implication of Antidepressant Activity.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Schizophrenia involves abnormalities in the medial frontal cortex that lead to cognitive deficits. Here we investigate a novel strategy to normalize medial frontal brain activity by stimulating cerebellar projections. We used an interval timing task to study elementary cognitive processing that requires both frontal and cerebellar networks that are disrupted in patients with schizophrenia. We report three novel findings. First, patients with schizophrenia had dysfunctional delta rhythms between 1-4\u2009Hz in the medial frontal cortex. We explored cerebellar-frontal interactions in animal models and found that both frontal and cerebellar neurons were modulated during interval timing and had delta-frequency interactions. Finally, delta-frequency optogenetic stimulation of thalamic synaptic terminals of lateral cerebellar projection neurons rescued timing performance as well as medial frontal activity in a rodent model of schizophrenia-related frontal dysfunction. These data provide insight into how the cerebellum influences medial frontal networks and the role of the cerebellum in cognitive processing.", "authors": [ "Parker, K L", "Kim, Y C", "Kelley, R M", "Nessler, A J", "Chen, K-H", "Muller-Ewald, V A", "Andreasen, N C", "Narayanan, N S" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1038/mp.2017.50", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 9, "pages": "647-655", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 18.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1476-5578", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "sjr": 3.541, "snip": 2.603, "subject_areas": [ "Molecular Biology", "Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience", "Psychiatry and Mental Health" ], "title": "Molecular psychiatry" }, "publication_date": "2017-03-28", "selected": false, "title": "Delta-frequency stimulation of cerebellar projections can compensate for schizophrenia-related medial frontal dysfunction.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Human rhythmic movements spontaneously entrain to external rhythmic stimuli. Such sensory-motor entrainment can attract movements to different tempi and enhance their efficiency, with potential clinical applications for motor rehabilitation. Here we investigate whether entrainment of self-paced rhythmic movements can be induced via transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), which uses alternating currents to entrain spontaneous brain oscillations at specific frequencies. Participants swung a handheld pendulum at their preferred tempo with the right hand while tACS was applied over their left or right primary motor cortex at frequencies equal to their preferred tempo (Experiment 1) or in the alpha (10\u00c2 Hz) and beta (20\u00c2 Hz) ranges (Experiment 2). Given that entrainment generally occurs only if the frequency difference between two rhythms is small, stimulations were delivered at frequencies equal to participants\u00e2\u0080\u0099 preferred movement tempo (\u00e2\u0089\u00881\u00c2 Hz) and \u00c2\u00b112.5% in Experiment 1, and at 10\u00c2 Hz and 20\u00c2 Hz, and \u00c2\u00b112.5% in Experiment 2. The comparison of participants\u00e2\u0080\u0099 movement frequency, amplitude, variability, and phase synchrony with and without tACS failed to reveal entrainment or movement modifications across the two experiments. However, significant differences in stimulation-related side effects reported by participants were found between the two experiments, with phosphenes and burning sensations principally occurring in Experiment 2, and metallic tastes reported marginally more often in Experiment 1. Although other stimulation protocols may be effective, our results suggest that rhythmic movements such as pendulum swinging or locomotion that are low in goal-directedness and/or strongly driven by peripheral and mechanical constraints may not be susceptible to modulation by tACS. \u00c2\u00a9 2017 IBRO", "authors": [ "Varlet, Manuel", "Wade, Alanna", "Novembre, Giacomo", "Keller, Peter E" ], "categories": null, "citations": 1, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.03.016", "keywords": [ "N entrainment", "D016428 Journal Article", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N self-paced rhythmic movement", "N frequency-dependent side effects", "N tACS" ], "number_of_pages": 10, "pages": "75-84", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.8, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1873-7544", "publisher": "Elsevier Ltd.", "sjr": 1.006, "snip": 0.846, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2017-03-18", "selected": false, "title": "Investigation of the effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on self-paced rhythmic movements.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85016617228&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Impaired consciousness occurs suddenly and unpredictably in people with epilepsy, markedly worsening quality of life and increasing risk of mortality. Focal seizures with impaired consciousness are the most common form of epilepsy and are refractory to all current medical and surgical therapies in about one-sixth of cases. Restoring consciousness during and following seizures would be potentially transformative for these individuals. Here, we investigate deep brain stimulation to improve level of conscious arousal in a rat model of focal limbic seizures. We found that dual-site stimulation of the central lateral nucleus of the intralaminar thalamus (CL) and the pontine nucleus oralis (PnO) bilaterally during focal limbic seizures restored normal-appearing cortical electrophysiology and markedly improved behavioral arousal. In contrast, single-site bilateral stimulation of CL or PnO alone was insufficient to achieve the same result. These findings support the \"network inhibition hypothesis\" that focal limbic seizures impair consciousness through widespread inhibition of subcortical arousal. Driving subcortical arousal function would be a novel therapeutic approach to some forms of refractory epilepsy and may be compatible with devices already in use for responsive neurostimulation. Multisite deep brain stimulation of subcortical arousal structures may benefit not only patients with epilepsy but also those with other disorders of consciousness.", "authors": [ "Kundishora, Adam J", "Gummadavelli, Abhijeet", "Ma, Chanthia", "Liu, Mengran", "McCafferty, Cian", "Schiff, Nicholas D", "Willie, Jon T", "Gross, Robert E", "Gerrard, Jason", "Blumenfeld, Hal" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1093/cercor/bhw035", "keywords": [ "N epilepsy", "N intralaminar thalamus", "D016428 Journal Article", "N neurostimulation", "D052061 Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N pontine reticular formation", "N consciousness" ], "number_of_pages": 12, "pages": "1964-1975", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 8.2, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1460-2199", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "sjr": 1.738, "snip": 1.159, "subject_areas": [ "Cognitive Neuroscience", "Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience" ], "title": "Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)" }, "publication_date": "2017-03-01", "selected": false, "title": "Restoring Conscious Arousal During Focal Limbic Seizures with Deep Brain Stimulation.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "An increased understanding of the relationship between structural connections and functional and behavioral outcomes is an essential but under-explored topic in neuroscience. During transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)-induced analgesia, neuromodulation occurs through a top-down process that depends on inter-regional connections. To investigate whether variation in anatomical connectivity explains functional and behavorial outcomes during neuromodulation, we first combined tDCS and a tonic pain model with concurrent arterial spin labelling that measures cerebral perfusion related to ongoing neural activity. Left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L-DLPFC) tDCS induced an analgesic effect, which was explained by reduced perfusion to posterior insula and thalamus. Second, we used diffusion imaging to assess white matter structural integrity between L-DLPFC and thalamus, two key components of the neuromodulatory network. Fractional anisotropy of this tract correlated positively with functional and behavioral modulations. This suggests structural dependence by the neuromodulatory process to induce analgesia with potential relevance for patient stratification.", "authors": [ "Lin, Richard L", "Douaud, Gwena\u00eblle", "Filippini, Nicola", "Okell, Thomas W", "Stagg, Charlotte J", "Tracey, Irene" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1038/srep41603", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "41603", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2045-2322", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "sjr": 0.973, "snip": 1.312, "subject_areas": [ "Human-Computer Interaction", "Neurons and Cognition", "Combinatorics", "Multidisciplinary" ], "title": "Scientific reports" }, "publication_date": "2017-02-02", "selected": false, "title": "Structural Connectivity Variances Underlie Functional and Behavioral Changes During Pain Relief Induced by Neuromodulation.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Canavan's disease (CD) is a hereditary leukodystrophy caused by mutations in the aspartoacylase gene (ASPA), leading to spongiform degeneration of the white matter and severe impairment of psychomotor development. We present the cases of two non-Jewish sisters with CD that have a milder and protracted clinical course compared to typical CD. MRI imaging revealed bilateral high-signal-intensity areas in the thalami and the internal capsule and MR spectroscopy showed typical findings for CD (a marked increase in N-acetylaspartate (NAA) levels). FA values of the right and left corticospinal tracts at the level of the posterior limb of the internal capsule, and the centrum semiovale were found to be significantly reduced compared to healthy controls. From a neurophysiological point of view, the peripheral motor system was normal. In contrast, cortical stimulation at maximal intensity failed to elicit facilitated or resting MEPs and silent periods (SPs) in upper and lower limbs, providing evidence for significant upper motor pathway dysfunction.", "authors": [ "Kimiskidis, V K", "Papaliagkas, Vasileios", "Papagiannopoulos, S", "Zafeiriou, D", "Kazis, D", "Tsatsali-Foroglou, E", "Kouvatsou, Z", "Kapina, V", "Koutsonikolas, D", "Anogianakis, G", "Geroukis, T", "Bostantjopoulou, S" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1007/s11011-017-9955-x", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "N TMS", "N DTI", "N Canavan\u2019s disease", "D002363 Case Reports" ], "number_of_pages": 4, "pages": "307-310", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1573-7365", "publisher": "Springer New York", "sjr": 0.761, "snip": 0.853, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience", "Biochemistry" ], "title": "Metabolic brain disease" }, "publication_date": "2017-01-28", "selected": false, "title": "Investigation of the motor system in two siblings with Canavan's disease: a combined transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) - diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) study.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Synchronous movement is a key component of social behavior in several species including humans. Recent theories have suggested a link between interpersonal synchrony of brain oscillations and interpersonal movement synchrony. The present study investigated this link. Using transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) applied over the left motor cortex, we induced beta band (20 Hz) oscillations in pairs of individuals who both performed a finger-tapping task with the right hand. In-phase or anti-phase oscillations were delivered during a preparatory period prior to movement and while the tapping task was performed. In-phase 20Hz stimulation enhanced interpersonal movement synchrony, compared with anti-phase or sham stimulation, particularly for the initial taps following the preparatory period. This was confirmed in an analysis comparing real vs pseudo pair surrogate data. No enhancement was observed for stimulation frequencies of 2Hz (matching the target movement frequency) or 10 Hz (alpha band). Thus, phase-coupling of beta band neural oscillations across two individuals' (resting) motor cortices supports the interpersonal alignment of sensorimotor processes that regulate rhythmic action initiation, thereby facilitating the establishment of synchronous movement. Phase-locked dual brain stimulation provides a promising method to study causal effects of interpersonal brain synchrony on social, sensorimotor and cognitive processes. \u00c2\u00a9 The Author (2017).", "authors": [ "Novembre, Giacomo", "Knoblich, G\u00fcnther", "Dunne, Laura", "Keller, Peter E" ], "categories": null, "citations": 80, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1093/scan/nsw172", "keywords": [ "@UI", "N phase", "N brain-to-brain coupling", "N interpersonal synchronization", "N social interaction", "N beta oscillations", "#text" ], "number_of_pages": 593, "pages": "662-670", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.8, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1749-5024", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "sjr": 1.602, "snip": 1.285, "subject_areas": [ "Cognitive Neuroscience", "Experimental and Cognitive Psychology" ], "title": "Social cognitive and affective neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2017-01-24", "selected": true, "title": "Interpersonal synchrony enhanced through 20 Hz phase-coupled dual brain stimulation.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85027864008&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "AIM OBJECTIVE Dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS) is a complication of the dopaminergic therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD); it is manifested as a compulsive medication use and may have negative impact on patients' social, psychological, and physical functioning. An effect of deep brain stimulation in the subthalamic nucleus (DBS STN) on DDS is not fully understood. Therefore, the degree of DDS during DBS STN in PD patients was evaluated in the study.\nMATERIAL AND METHODS METHODS The main group included 15 patients with DDS symptoms in the preoperative period. The comparison group consisted of 15 patients without DDS symptoms and the control group consisted of 15 patients who did not undergo surgery.\nRESULTS AND CONCLUSION CONCLUSIONS The severity of motor disturbances in the surgery groups has decreased significantly (by 45%). Motor complications during DBS STN in patients with DDS have decreased by 50%; a decrease in the reduction of doses of dopaminergic preparations was noted as well.", "authors": [ "Omarova, S M", "Fedorova, N V", "Tomskiy, A A", "Gamaleya, A A", "Bril', E V", "Gubareva, N N", "Poddubskaya, A A" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.17116/jnevro201711712127-32", "keywords": [ "N Parkinson\u2019s disease", "N dopamine dysregulation syndrome", "#text", "N neurostimulation of subthalamic nucleus", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": 6, "pages": "27-32", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 0.8, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1997-7298", "publisher": "Media Sphera Publishing Group", "sjr": 0.154, "snip": 0.223, "subject_areas": [ "Medicine (all)" ], "title": "Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova" }, "publication_date": "2017-01-01", "selected": false, "title": "[Syndrome dopamine dysregulation and deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease].", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "A 64-channel 0.13-\u00ce\u00bcm CMOS system on a chip (SoC) for neuroelectrical monitoring and responsive neurostimulation is presented. The \u00ce\u0094 \u00ce\u00a3-based neural channel records signals with rail-to-rail dc offset at the input without any area-intensive dc-removing passive components, which leads to a compact 0.013-mm2 integration area of recording and stimulation circuits. The channel consumes 630 nW, yields a signal to noise and distortion ratio of 72.2 dB, a 1.13-\u00ce\u00bc Vrms integrated input-referred noise over 0.1-500 Hz frequency range, and a noise efficiency factor of 2.86. Analog multipliers are implemented in each channel with minimum additional area cost by reusing the multi-bit current-digital to analog converter that is originally placed for current-mode stimulation. The multipliers are used for compact implementation of bandpass finite impulse response filters, as well as voltage gain scaling. A tri-core low-power DSP conducts phase-synchrony-based neurophysiological event detection and triggers a subset of 64 programmable arbitrary-waveform current-mode stimulators for subsequent neuromodulation. Two ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless transmitters communicate to receivers located at 10 cm to 2 m distance from the implanted SoC with data rates of 10-46 Mb/s, respectively. An inductive link that operates at 1.5 MHz provides power to the SoC and is also used to communicate commands to an on-chip ASK receiver. The chip occupies 6 mm2 while consuming 1.07 and 5.44 mW with delay-based and voltage controlled oscillator-based UWB transmitters, respectively. The SoC is validated in vivo using epilepsy monitoring (seizure detection) and treatment (seizure suppression) experiments. \u00c2\u00a9 1966-2012 IEEE.", "authors": [ "Hossein Kassiri", "Muhammad Tariqus Salam", "Mohammad Reza Pazhouhandeh", "Nima Soltani", "Jose Luis Perez Velazquez", "Peter Carlen", "Roman Genov" ], "categories": null, "citations": 97, "comments": null, "databases": [ "IEEE", "Scopus" ], "doi": "10.1109/JSSC.2017.2749426", "keywords": [ "multi-band radio", "closed-loop system on a chip (SoC)", "intractable", "Analog multiplication", "inductive powering", "discrete-time front end", "neural stimulation", "diagnostics", "in vivo experiments", "implantable wireless SoC", "SoC", "battery-less implant", "dc offset removal", "neural recording", "epileptic seizure detection", "phase synchronization", "multiplying analog to digital converter (ADC)", "brain monitoring" ], "number_of_pages": 18, "pages": "2793-2810", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 11.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1558-173X", "publisher": "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.", "sjr": 3.043, "snip": 2.794, "subject_areas": [ "Electrical and Electronic Engineering" ], "title": "IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits" }, "publication_date": "2017-01-01", "selected": false, "title": "Rail-to-Rail-Input Dual-Radio 64-Channel Closed-Loop Neurostimulator", "urls": [ "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=8068946", "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85036565192&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT-DBS) is effective in seizure control. However, the mechanisms remain unclear.\nMETHODS Sixty-four rats were randomly assigned to the control group, the kainic acid (KA) group, the sham-DBS group and the DBS group. Video-electroencephalogram (EEG) was used to monitor seizures. Quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) was applied for detecting interleukin-1 beta (IL-1\u03b2), IL-1 receptor (IL-1R), IL-6, IL-6 receptor (IL-6R), gp130, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1), TNF-receptor 1 (TNF-R1) and TNF-receptor 2 (TNF-R2) expression 12h after the establishment of an epileptic model. The neuronal structural degeneration in the hippocampus was evaluated with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) at this same time point.\nRESULTS The seizure frequency was 48.6% lower in the DBS group compared with the sham-DBS group (P<0.01). The expression of IL-1\u03b2, IL-1R, IL-6, IL-6R, gp130, TNF-\u03b1 and TNF-R1 was elevated in both the KA and the sham group compared with the control group (all Ps<0.01). Additionally, ANT-DBS was able to reverse this gene expression pattern in the DBS group compared with the sham-DBS group (all Ps<0.01). There was no significant difference in TNF-R2 expression among the four groups. The neuronal structural degeneration in the KA group and the sham-DBS group was more severe than that in the control group (injury scores, all Ps<0.01). ANT-DBS was also capable of relieving the degeneration compared with the sham-DBS group (injury score, P<0.01).\nCONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that ANT-DBS can reduce seizure frequency in the early stage in epileptic rats as well as relieve the pro-inflammatory state and neuronal injury, which may be one of the most effective mechanisms of ANT-DBS against epileptogenesis.", "authors": [ "Chen, Ying-Chuan", "Zhu, Guan-Yu", "Wang, Xiu", "Shi, Lin", "Jiang, Yin", "Zhang, Xin", "Zhang, Jian-Guo" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.brainres.2016.12.020", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Neuronal injury", "N Inflammation", "N Epilepsy", "N Deep brain stimulation (DBS)", "N Anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT)" ], "number_of_pages": 8, "pages": "304-311", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1872-6240", "publisher": "Elsevier", "sjr": 0.854, "snip": 0.766, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)", "Neurology (clinical)", "Molecular Biology", "Developmental Biology" ], "title": "Brain research" }, "publication_date": "2016-12-24", "selected": false, "title": "Deep brain stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus reverses the gene expression of cytokines and their receptors as well as neuronal degeneration in epileptic rats.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The Lateral Habenula (LHb) plays an important role in emotion and cognition. Recent experiments suggest that LHb has functional interaction with the hippocampus and plays an important role in spatial learning. LHb is reciprocally connected with midbrain monoaminergic brain areas such as the ventral tegmental area (VTA). However, the role of dopamine type 1 receptor (D1R) in LHb in learning and memory is not clear yet. In the present study, D1R agonist or antagonist were administered bilaterally into the LHb in rats. We found that both D1R agonist and antagonist impaired the acquisition of contextual fear memory in rats. D1R agonist or antagonist also impaired long term potentiation (LTP) in hippocampal CA3-CA1 synapses in freely moving rats and attenuated learning induced phosphorylation of \u03b1-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) subunit 1 (GluA1) at Ser831 and Ser845 in hippocampus. Taken together, our results suggested that dysfunction of D1R in LHb affected the function of hippocampus.", "authors": [ "Chan, Jiangping", "Guan, Xin", "Ni, Yiling", "Luo, Lilu", "Yang, Liqiang", "Zhang, Pengyue", "Zhang, Jichuan", "Chen, Yanmei" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.bbr.2016.12.026", "keywords": [ "N Dopamine", "N Long term potentiation", "#text", "N Fear conditioning", "N AMPA receptor phosphorylation", "N Lateral habenula nucleus", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": 8, "pages": "61-68", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.2, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1872-7549", "publisher": "Elsevier", "sjr": 0.881, "snip": 0.802, "subject_areas": [ "Behavioral Neuroscience" ], "title": "Behavioural brain research" }, "publication_date": "2016-12-23", "selected": false, "title": "Dopamine D1-like receptor in lateral habenula nucleus affects contextual fear memory and long-term potentiation in hippocampal CA1 in rats.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that attenuation of subthalamic nucleus (STN) alpha-/beta-band oscillations is causal to improvement in bradykinesia.\nMETHODS \u00ae STN local field potentials from a sensing neurostimulator (Activa PC+S; Medtronic, Inc.) and kinematics from wearable sensors were recorded simultaneously during 60- and 140-Hz deep brain stimulation (DBS) in 9 freely moving PD subjects (15 STNs) performing repetitive wrist flexion-extension. Kinematics were recorded during 20-Hz DBS in a subgroup.\nRESULTS Both 60- and 140-Hz DBS improved the angular velocity and frequency of movement (P\u00a0=\u00a00.002 and P\u00a0=\u00a00.029, respectively, for 60 Hz; P\u00a0<\u00a00.001 and P\u00a0<\u00a00.001, respectively, for 140 Hz), but 60-Hz DBS did not attenuate beta-band power (13-30 Hz). In fact, 60-Hz DBS amplified alpha/low-beta (11-15 Hz, P\u00a0=\u00a00.007) and attenuated high-beta power (19-27 Hz, P\u00a0<\u00a00.001), whereas 140-Hz DBS broadly attenuated beta power (15-30 Hz, P\u00a0<\u00a00.001). Only 60-Hz DBS improved the regularity of angular range (P\u00a0=\u00a00.046) and 20-Hz DBS did not worsen bradykinesia. There was no correlation between beta-power modulation and bradykinesia.\nCONCLUSIONS These novel results obtained from freely moving PD subjects demonstrated that both 140- and 60-Hz DBS improved bradykinesia and attenuated high beta oscillations; however, 60-Hz DBS amplified a subband of alpha/low-beta oscillations, and DBS at a beta-band frequency did not worsen bradykinesia. Based on recent literature, we suggest that both 140- and 60-Hz DBS decouple the cortico-STN hyperdirect pathway, whereas 60-Hz DBS increases coupling within striato-STN circuitry. These results inform future algorithms for closed-loop DBS in PD. \u00a9 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.", "authors": [ "Blumenfeld, Zack", "Koop, Mandy Miller", "Prieto, Thomas E", "Shreve, Lauren A", "Velisar, Anca", "Quinn, Emma J", "Trager, Megan H", "Bront\u00eb-Stewart, Helen" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1002/mds.26837", "keywords": [ "N subthalamic nucleus", "N Parkinson's disease", "D016428 Journal Article", "D016454 Review", "N beta oscillations", "N deep brain stimulation", "N low frequency" ], "number_of_pages": 9, "pages": "80-88", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 13.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1531-8257", "publisher": "John Wiley & Sons Inc.", "sjr": 2.602, "snip": 1.981, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society" }, "publication_date": "2016-11-08", "selected": false, "title": "Sixty-hertz stimulation improves bradykinesia and amplifies subthalamic low-frequency oscillations.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Thalamic deep brain stimulation is a mainstay treatment for severe and drug-refractory essential tremor, but postoperative management may be complicated in some patients by a progressive cerebellar syndrome including gait ataxia, dysmetria, worsening of intention tremor and dysarthria. Typically, this syndrome manifests several months after an initially effective therapy and necessitates frequent adjustments in stimulation parameters. There is an ongoing debate as to whether progressive ataxia reflects a delayed therapeutic failure due to disease progression or an adverse effect related to repeated increases of stimulation intensity. In this study we used a multimodal approach comparing clinical stimulation responses, modelling of volume of tissue activated and metabolic brain maps in essential tremor patients with and without progressive ataxia to disentangle a disease-related from a stimulation-induced aetiology. Ten subjects with stable and effective bilateral thalamic stimulation were stratified according to the presence (five subjects) of severe chronic-progressive gait ataxia. We quantified stimulated brain areas and identified the stimulation-induced brain metabolic changes by multiple 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography performed with and without active neurostimulation. Three days after deactivating thalamic stimulation and following an initial rebound of symptom severity, gait ataxia had dramatically improved in all affected patients, while tremor had worsened to the presurgical severity, thus indicating a stimulation rather than disease-related phenomenon. Models of the volume of tissue activated revealed a more ventrocaudal stimulation in the (sub)thalamic area of patients with progressive gait ataxia. Metabolic maps of both patient groups differed by an increased glucose uptake in the cerebellar nodule of patients with gait ataxia. Our data suggest that chronic progressive gait ataxia in essential tremor is a reversible cerebellar syndrome caused by a maladaptive response to neurostimulation of the (sub)thalamic area. The metabolic signature of progressive gait ataxia is an activation of the cerebellar nodule, which may be caused by inadvertent current spread and antidromic stimulation of a cerebellar outflow pathway originating in the vermis. An anatomical candidate could be the ascending limb of the uncinate tract in the subthalamic area. Adjustments in programming and precise placement of the electrode may prevent this adverse effect and help fine-tuning deep brain stimulation to ameliorate tremor without negative cerebellar signs.", "authors": [ "Reich, Martin M", "Brumberg, Joachim", "Pozzi, Nicol\u00f2 G", "Marotta, Giorgio", "Roothans, Jonas", "\u00c5str\u00f6m, Mattias", "Musacchio, Thomas", "Lopiano, Leonardo", "Lanotte, Michele", "Lehrke, Ralph", "Buck, Andreas K", "Volkmann, Jens", "Isaias, Ioannis U" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1093/brain/aww223", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N essential tremor", "N ataxia gait", "N positron emission tomography (PET)", "N deep brain stimulation", "N cerebellum" ], "number_of_pages": 9, "pages": "2948-2956", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 20.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1460-2156", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "sjr": 4.437, "snip": 3.147, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)" ], "title": "Brain : a journal of neurology" }, "publication_date": "2016-11-01", "selected": false, "title": "Progressive gait ataxia following deep brain stimulation for essential tremor: adverse effect or lack of efficacy?", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND Complexity measures for time series have been used in many applications to quantify the regularity of one dimensional time series, however many dynamical systems are spatially distributed multidimensional systems.\nNEW METHOD We introduced Dynamic Cross-Entropy (DCE) a novel multidimensional complexity measure that quantifies the degree of regularity of EEG signals in selected frequency bands. Time series generated by discrete logistic equations with varying control parameter r are used to test DCE measures.\nRESULTS Sliding window DCE analyses are able to reveal specific period doubling bifurcations that lead to chaos. A similar behavior can be observed in seizures triggered by electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Sample entropy data show the level of signal complexity in different phases of the ictal ECT. The transition to irregular activity is preceded by the occurrence of cyclic regular behavior. A significant increase of DCE values in successive order from high frequencies in gamma to low frequencies in delta band reveals several phase transitions into less ordered states, possible chaos in the human brain.\nCOMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD To our knowledge there are no reliable techniques able to reveal the transition to chaos in case of multidimensional times series. In addition, DCE based on sample entropy appears to be robust to EEG artifacts compared to DCE based on Shannon entropy.\nCONCLUSIONS The applied technique may offer new approaches to better understand nonlinear brain activity.", "authors": [ "Aur, Dorian", "Vila-Rodriguez, Fidel" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.10.015", "keywords": [ "@UI", "N Chaos", "N Brain synchrony", "N Entropy", "N Nonlinear resonance", "N Complexity", "#text", "N Nonlinear dynamics" ], "number_of_pages": 9, "pages": "10-18", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1872-678X", "publisher": "Elsevier", "sjr": 0.791, "snip": 0.87, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Journal of neuroscience methods" }, "publication_date": "2016-10-29", "selected": false, "title": "Dynamic Cross-Entropy.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The aim of this meta-analysis was to summarize the short- and long-term effects of bilateral deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) on gait and freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson's disease and to detect predictors of post-stimulation outcome. A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted up to October 2015 using Medline Ovid databases for studies analyzing the effect of bilateral STN-DBS on FOG and/or gait. Sixteen studies with available data for the gait item (no. 29) of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and six studies with the FOG item (no. 14) were included. Data were summarized for the following follow-up periods: 6-15, 24-48 and >48 months. For the medication (Med)-Off/stimulation(Stim)-On condition compared with baseline Med-Off, STN-DBS significantly improved gait on average from 2.43 to 0.96, 2.53 to 1.31 and 2.56 to 1.40 points at 6-15, 24-48 and >48 months, respectively (P < 0.05). Pre-operative levodopa responsiveness of UPDRS-III and Med-Off severity of gait were the predictors of this beneficial effect. STN-DBS significantly improved FOG for the Med-Off/Stim-On condition compared with baseline on average from 2.26 to 0.82, 2.43 to 1.13 and 2.48 to 1.38 points at 6-15, 24-48 and >48 months, respectively (P < 0.05). There was no significant effect in the Med-On/Stim-On condition. This meta-analysis showed a robust improvement of gait and FOG by STN-DBS for more than 4 years in the Med-Off/Stim-On condition. No beneficial effect was found for the On state of medication. Pre-operative levodopa responsiveness of global motor performance (UPDRS-III) is the strongest predictor of the effect of deep brain stimulation on gait.", "authors": [ "Schlenstedt, C", "Shalash, A", "Muthuraman, M", "Falk, D", "Witt, K", "Deuschl, G" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1111/ene.13167", "keywords": [ "N subthalamic nucleus", "N Parkinson's disease", "N review", "D016428 Journal Article", "N meta-analysis", "D016454 Review", "N gait", "N freezing of gait", "D017418 Meta-Analysis", "N deep brain stimulation", "D000078182 Systematic Review" ], "number_of_pages": 9, "pages": "18-26", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 8.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1468-1331", "publisher": "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd", "sjr": 1.554, "snip": 1.61, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "European journal of neurology" }, "publication_date": "2016-10-20", "selected": false, "title": "Effect of high-frequency subthalamic neurostimulation on gait and freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND The effects of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (DBS-STN) and L-dopa (LD) on cortical activity in Parkinson's disease (PD) are poorly understood.\nOBJECTIVES By combining transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG) we explored the effects of STN-DBS, either alone or in combination with L-Dopa (LD), on TMS-evoked cortical activity in a sample of implanted PD patients.\nMETHODS PD patients were tested in three clinical conditions: i) LD therapy with STN-DBS turned on (ON/ON condition); ii) without LD therapy with STN-DBS turned on (OFF/ON condition); iii) without LD therapy with STN-DBS turned off (OFF/OFF condition). TMS pulses were delivered over left M1 while simultaneously acquiring EEG. Eight age-matched healthy volunteers (HC) were tested as a control group.\nRESULTS STN-DBS enhanced early global TMS-evoked activity (\u223c45-80ms) and high-alpha TMS-evoked oscillations (11-13\u00a0Hz) as compared to OFF/OFF condition, independently from concomitant LD therapy. LD intake (ON/ON condition) produced a further increase of late TMS-evoked activity (\u223c80-130ms) and beta TMS-evoked oscillations (13-30\u00a0Hz), as compared to OFF/OFF and OFF/ON conditions, that normalized reactivity as compared to HC range of values.\nCONCLUSIONS Our data reveal that bilateral STN-DBS and LD therapy induce a modulation of specific cortical components and specific ranges of frequency. These findings demonstrate that STN-DBS and LD therapy may have synergistic effects on motor cortical activity.", "authors": [ "Casula, Elias Paolo", "Stampanoni Bassi, Mario", "Pellicciari, Maria Concetta", "Ponzo, Viviana", "Veniero, Domenica", "Peppe, Antonella", "Brusa, Livia", "Stanzione, Paolo", "Caltagirone, Carlo", "Stefani, Alessandro", "Koch, Giacomo" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.10.009", "keywords": [ "N DBS", "D016428 Journal Article", "N L-dopa", "N TMS", "N Parkinson", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N EEG" ], "number_of_pages": 7, "pages": "31-37", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1873-5126", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "sjr": 1.05, "snip": 1.19, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Geriatrics and Gerontology", "Neurology" ], "title": "Parkinsonism & related disorders" }, "publication_date": "2016-10-17", "selected": false, "title": "Subthalamic stimulation and levodopa modulate cortical reactivity in Parkinson's patients.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "UNLABELLED Thermosensors detect temperature changes and trigger cellular responses crucial for survival at different temperatures. The thermosensor DesK is a transmembrane (TM) histidine kinase which detects a decrease in temperature through its TM segments (TMS). Here, we address a key issue: how a physical stimulus such as temperature can be converted into a cellular response. We show that the thickness of Bacillus lipid membranes varies with temperature and that such variations can be detected by DesK with great precision. On the basis of genetic studies and measurements of in vitro activity of a DesK construct with a single TMS (minimal sensor DesK [MS-DesK]), reconstituted in liposomes, we propose an interplay mechanism directed by a conserved dyad, phenylalanine 8-lysine 10. This dyad is critical to anchor the only transmembrane segment of the MS-DesK construct to the extracellular water-lipid interphase and is required for the transmembrane segment of MS-DesK to function as a caliper for precise measurement of membrane thickness. The data suggest that positively charged lysine 10, which is located in the hydrophobic core of the membrane but is close to the water-lipid interface, pulls the transmembrane region toward the water phase to localize its charge at the interface. Nevertheless, the hydrophobic residue phenylalanine 8, located at the N-terminal extreme of the TMS, has a strong tendency to remain in the lipid phase, impairing access of lysine 10 to the water phase. The outcome of this interplay is a fine-tuned sensitivity to membrane thickness that elicits conformational changes that favor different signaling states of the protein.\nIMPORTANCE The ability to sense and respond to extracellular signals is essential for cell survival. One example is the cellular response to temperature variation. How do cells \"sense\" temperature changes? It has been proposed that the bacterial thermosensor DesK acts as a molecular caliper measuring membrane thickness variations that would occur as a consequence of temperature changes and activates a pathway to restore membrane fluidity at low temperature. Here, we demonstrated that membrane thickness variations do occur at physiological temperatures by directly measuring Bacillus lipid membrane thickness. We also dissected the N-terminal sensing motif of MS-DesK at the molecular-biophysical level and found that the dyad phenylalanine-lysine at the water-lipid phase is critical for achievement of a fine-tuned sensitivity to temperature.", "authors": [ "Inda, Maria E", "Oliveira, Rafael G", "de Mendoza, Diego", "Cybulski, Larisa E" ], "categories": null, "citations": 19, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1128/JB.00431-16", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 10, "pages": "2945-2954", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1098-5530", "publisher": "American Society for Microbiology", "sjr": 1.101, "snip": 0.898, "subject_areas": [ "Molecular Biology", "Microbiology" ], "title": "Journal of bacteriology" }, "publication_date": "2016-10-07", "selected": false, "title": "The Single Transmembrane Segment of Minimal Sensor DesK Senses Temperature via a Membrane-Thickness Caliper.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84991230557&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "The phase of prestimulus oscillations at 7-10 Hz has been shown to modulate perception of briefly presented visual stimuli. Specifically, a recent combined EEG-fMRI study suggested that a prestimulus oscillation at around 7 Hz represents open and closed windows for perceptual integration by modulating connectivity between lower order occipital and higher order parietal brain regions. We here utilized brief event-related transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) to specifically modulate this prestimulus 7 Hz oscillation, and the synchrony between parietal and occipital brain regions. To this end we tested for a causal role of this particular prestimulus oscillation for perceptual integration. The EEG was acquired at the same time allowing us to investigate frequency specific after effects phase-locked to stimulation offset. On a behavioural level our results suggest that tACS did modulate perceptual integration, however, in an unexpected manner. On an electrophysiological level our results suggest that brief tACS does induce oscillatory entrainment, as visible in frequency specific activity phase-locked to stimulation offset. Together, our results do not strongly support a causal role of prestimulus 7 Hz oscillations for perceptual integration. However, our results suggest that brief tACS is capable of modulating oscillatory activity in a temporally sensitive manner. \u00c2\u00a9 The Author(s) 2016.", "authors": [ "Stonkus, Rolandas", "Braun, Verena", "Kerlin, Jess R", "Volberg, Gregor", "Hanslmayr, Simon" ], "categories": null, "citations": 14, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1038/srep32065", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "32065", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2045-2322", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "sjr": 0.973, "snip": 1.312, "subject_areas": [ "Human-Computer Interaction", "Neurons and Cognition", "Combinatorics", "Multidisciplinary" ], "title": "Scientific reports" }, "publication_date": "2016-09-12", "selected": false, "title": "Probing the causal role of prestimulus interregional synchrony for perceptual integration via tACS.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84987806943&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "How does the brain enable us to remember two or more object representations in visual working memory (VWM) without confusing them? This \"gluing\" process, or feature binding, refers to the ability to join certain features together while keeping them segregated from others. Recent neuroimaging research has reported higher BOLD response in the left temporal and parietal cortex during a binding-VWM task. However, less is known about how the two regions work in synchrony to support such process. In this study, we applied transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) over the left temporal and parietal cortex in gamma and theta frequency, with a phase difference of either 0\u00c2\u00b0 (in-phase) or 180\u00c2\u00b0 (anti-phase) to account for the different ways through which neural synchronization may occur. We found no facilitatory or inhibitory effect from sham, theta, and in-phase gamma stimulation. Importantly, there was an enhancement effect from anti-phase gamma tACS that was binding-specific, and such effect was only apparent in low-performing individuals who had room for improvement. Together, these results demonstrate that binding-VWM is supported by a temporally-precise oscillatory mechanism within the gamma frequency range, and that the advantageous 180\u00c2\u00b0-apart phase relationship also implies a possible temporal driver-to-receiver time-lag between the temporal and parietal cortex. \u00c2\u00a9 The Author(s) 2016.", "authors": [ "Tseng, Philip", "Chang, Yu-Ting", "Chang, Chi-Fu", "Liang, Wei-Kuang", "Juan, Chi-Hung" ], "categories": null, "citations": 54, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1038/srep32138", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "32138", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2045-2322", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "sjr": 0.973, "snip": 1.312, "subject_areas": [ "Human-Computer Interaction", "Neurons and Cognition", "Combinatorics", "Multidisciplinary" ], "title": "Scientific reports" }, "publication_date": "2016-08-30", "selected": false, "title": "The critical role of phase difference in gamma oscillation within the temporoparietal network for binding visual working memory.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84985991251&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Subthalamic nucleus (STN) local field potential (LFP) recordings demonstrate beta (13-30Hz) band oscillations in Parkinson's disease (PD) defined as elevations of spectral power. The amount of attenuation of beta band power on therapeutic levels of high frequency (HF) deep brain stimulation (DBS) and/or dopaminergic medication has been correlated with the degree of improvement in bradykinesia and rigidity from the therapy, which has led to the suggestion that elevated beta band power is a marker of PD motor disability. A fundamental question has not been answered: whether there is a prolonged attenuation of beta band power after withdrawal of chronic HF DBS and whether this is related to a lack of progression or even improvement in the underlying motor disability. Until now, in human PD subjects, STN LFP recordings were only attainable in the peri-operative period and after short periods of stimulation. For the first time, using an investigational, implanted sensing neurostimulator (Activa\u00ae PC+S, Medtronic, Inc.), STN LFPs and motor disability were recorded/assessed after withdrawal of chronic (6 and 12month) HF DBS in freely moving PD subjects. Beta band power was similar within 14s and 60min after stimulation was withdrawn, suggesting that \"off therapy\" experiments can be conducted almost immediately after stimulation is turned off. After withdrawal of 6 and 12months of STN DBS, beta band power was significantly lower (P<0.05 at 6 and 12months) and off therapy UPDRS scores were better (P<0.05 at 12months) compared to before DBS was started. The attenuation in beta band power was correlated with improvement in motor disability scores (P<0.05). These findings were supported by evidence of a gradual increase in beta band power in two unstimulated STNs after 24months and could not be explained by changes in lead impedance. This suggests that chronic HF DBS exerts long-term plasticity in the sensorimotor network, which may contribute to a lack of progression in underlying motor disability in PD.", "authors": [ "Trager, Megan H", "Koop, Mandy Miller", "Velisar, Anca", "Blumenfeld, Zack", "Nikolau, Judy Syrkin", "Quinn, Emma J", "Martin, Talora", "Bronte-Stewart, Helen" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.nbd.2016.08.003", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "N Parkinson's disease", "N Beta band oscillations", "N Subthalamic nucleus", "#text", "N Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": 9, "pages": "22-30", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 12.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1095-953X", "publisher": "Academic Press Inc.", "sjr": 1.893, "snip": 1.245, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology" ], "title": "Neurobiology of disease" }, "publication_date": "2016-08-21", "selected": false, "title": "Subthalamic beta oscillations are attenuated after withdrawal of chronic high frequency neurostimulation in Parkinson's disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "C. elegans Drosophila Drosophila C. elegans Caenorhabditis elegans C. elegans , 2 , 2+ A1 Functional advantages of cell-type heterogeneity in neural circuits Tatyana O. Sharpee A2 Mesoscopic modeling of propagating waves in visual cortex Alain Destexhe A3 Dynamics and biomarkers of mental disorders Mitsuo Kawato F1 Precise recruitment of spiking output at theta frequencies requires dendritic h-channels in multi-compartment models of oriens-lacunosum/moleculare hippocampal interneurons Vladislav Sekuli\u0107, Frances K. Skinner F2 Kernel methods in reconstruction of current sources from extracellular potentials for single cells and the whole brains Daniel K. W\u00f3jcik, Chaitanya Chintaluri, Dorottya Cserp\u00e1n, Zolt\u00e1n Somogyv\u00e1ri F3 The synchronized periods depend on intracellular transcriptional repression mechanisms in circadian clocks. Jae Kyoung Kim, Zachary P. Kilpatrick, Matthew R. Bennett, Kresimir Josi\u0107 O1 Assessing irregularity and coordination of spiking-bursting rhythms in central pattern generators Irene Elices, David Arroyo, Rafael Levi, Francisco B. Rodriguez, Pablo Varona O2 Regulation of top-down processing by cortically-projecting parvalbumin positive neurons in basal forebrain Eunjin Hwang, Bowon Kim, Hio-Been Han, Tae Kim, James T. McKenna, Ritchie E. Brown, Robert W. McCarley, Jee Hyun Choi O3 Modeling auditory stream segregation, build-up and bistability James Rankin, Pamela Osborn Popp, John Rinzel O4 Strong competition between tonotopic neural ensembles explains pitch-related dynamics of auditory cortex evoked fields Alejandro Tabas, Andr\u00e9 Rupp, Emili Balaguer-Ballester O5 A simple model of retinal response to multi-electrode stimulation Matias I. Maturana, David B. Grayden, Shaun L. Cloherty, Tatiana Kameneva, Michael R. Ibbotson, Hamish Meffin O6 Noise correlations in V4 area correlate with behavioral performance in visual discrimination task Veronika Koren, Timm Lochmann, Valentin Dragoi, Klaus Obermayer O7 Input-location dependent gain modulation in cerebellar nucleus neurons Maria Psarrou, Maria Schilstra, Neil Davey, Benjamin Torben-Nielsen, Volker Steuber O8 Analytic solution of cable energy function for cortical axons and dendrites Huiwen Ju, Jiao Yu, Michael L. Hines, Liang Chen, Yuguo Yu O9 interactome: interactive visualization of Caenorhabditis elegans worm neuronal network Jimin Kim, Will Leahy, Eli Shlizerman O10 Is the model any good? Objective criteria for computational neuroscience model selection Justas Birgiolas, Richard C. Gerkin, Sharon M. Crook O11 Cooperation and competition of gamma oscillation mechanisms Atthaphon Viriyopase, Raoul-Martin Memmesheimer, Stan Gielen O12 A discrete structure of the brain waves Yuri Dabaghian, Justin DeVito, Luca Perotti O13 Direction-specific silencing of the gaze stabilization system Anmo J. Kim, Lisa M. Fenk, Cheng Lyu, Gaby Maimon O14 What does the fruit fly think about values? A model of olfactory associative learning Chang Zhao, Yves Widmer, Simon Sprecher,Walter Senn O15 Effects of ionic diffusion on power spectra of local field potentials (LFP) Geir Halnes, Tuomo M\u00e4ki-Marttunen, Daniel Keller, Klas H. Pettersen,Ole A. Andreassen, Gaute T. Einevoll O16 Large-scale cortical models towards understanding relationship between brain structure abnormalities and cognitive deficits Yasunori Yamada O17 Spatial coarse-graining the brain: origin of minicolumns Moira L. Steyn-Ross, D. Alistair Steyn-Ross O18 Modeling large-scale cortical networks with laminar structure Jorge F. Mejias, John D. Murray, Henry Kennedy, Xiao-Jing Wang O19 Information filtering by partial synchronous spikes in a neural population Alexandra Kruscha, Jan Grewe, Jan Benda, Benjamin Lindner O20 Decoding context-dependent olfactory valence in Laurent Badel, Kazumi Ohta, Yoshiko Tsuchimoto, Hokto Kazama P1 Neural network as a scale-free network: the role of a hub B. Kahng P2 Hemodynamic responses to emotions and decisions using near-infrared spectroscopy optical imaging Nicoladie D. Tam P3 Phase space analysis of hemodynamic responses to intentional movement directions using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) optical imaging technique Nicoladie D.Tam, Luca Pollonini, George Zouridakis P4 Modeling jamming avoidance of weakly electric fish Jaehyun Soh, DaeEun Kim P5 Synergy and redundancy of retinal ganglion cells in prediction Minsu Yoo, S. E. Palmer P6 A neural field model with a third dimension representing cortical depth Viviana Culmone, Ingo Bojak P7 Network analysis of a probabilistic connectivity model of the Xenopus tadpole spinal cord Andrea Ferrario, Robert Merrison-Hort, Roman Borisyuk P8 The recognition dynamics in the brain Chang Sub Kim P9 Multivariate spike train analysis using a positive definite kernel Taro Tezuka P10 Synchronization of burst periods may govern slow brain dynamics during general anesthesia Pangyu Joo P11 The ionic basis of heterogeneity affects stochastic synchrony Young-Ah Rho, Shawn D. Burton, G. Bard Ermentrout, Jaeseung Jeong, Nathaniel N. Urban P12 Circular statistics of noise in spike trains with a periodic component Petr Marsalek P14 Representations of directions in EEG-BCI using Gaussian readouts Hoon-Hee Kim, Seok-hyun Moon, Do-won Lee, Sung-beom Lee, Ji-yong Lee, Jaeseung Jeong P15 Action selection and reinforcement learning in basal ganglia during reaching movements Yaroslav I. Molkov, Khaldoun Hamade, Wondimu Teka, William H. Barnett, Taegyo Kim, Sergey Markin, Ilya A. Rybak P17 Axon guidance: modeling axonal growth in T-Junction assay Csaba Forro, Harald Dermutz, L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Demk\u00f3, J\u00e1nos V\u00f6r\u00f6s P19 Transient cell assembly networks encode persistent spatial memories Yuri Dabaghian, Andrey Babichev P20 Theory of population coupling and applications to describe high order correlations in large populations of interacting neurons Haiping Huang P21 Design of biologically-realistic simulations for motor control Sergio Verduzco-Flores P22 Towards understanding the functional impact of the behavioural variability of neurons Filipa Dos Santos, Peter Andras P23 Different oscillatory dynamics underlying gamma entrainment deficits in schizophrenia Christoph Metzner, Achim Schweikard, Bartosz Zurowski P24 Memory recall and spike frequency adaptation James P. Roach, Leonard M. Sander, Michal R. Zochowski P25 Stability of neural networks and memory consolidation preferentially occur near criticality Quinton M. Skilling, Nicolette Ognjanovski, Sara J. Aton, Michal Zochowski P26 Stochastic Oscillation in Self-Organized Critical States of Small Systems: Sensitive Resting State in Neural Systems Sheng-Jun Wang, Guang Ouyang, Jing Guang, Mingsha Zhang, K. Y. Michael Wong, Changsong Zhou P27 Neurofield: a C++ library for fast simulation of 2D neural field models Peter A. Robinson, Paula Sanz-Leon, Peter M. Drysdale, Felix Fung, Romesh G. Abeysuriya, Chris J. Rennie, Xuelong Zhao P28 Action-based grounding: Beyond encoding/decoding in neural code Yoonsuck Choe, Huei-Fang Yang P29 Neural computation in a dynamical system with multiple time scales Yuanyuan Mi, Xiaohan Lin, Si Wu P30 Maximum entropy models for 3D layouts of orientation selectivity Joscha Liedtke, Manuel Schottdorf, Fred Wolf P31 A behavioral assay for probing computations underlying curiosity in rodents Yoriko Yamamura, Jeffery R. Wickens P32 Using statistical sampling to balance error function contributions to optimization of conductance-based models Timothy Rumbell, Julia Ramsey, Amy Reyes, Danel Dragulji\u0107, Patrick R. Hof, Jennifer Luebke, Christina M. Weaver P33 Exploration and implementation of a self-growing and self-organizing neuron network building algorithm Hu He, Xu Yang, Hailin Ma, Zhiheng Xu, Yuzhe Wang P34 Disrupted resting state brain network in obese subjects: a data-driven graph theory analysis Kwangyeol Baek, Laurel S. Morris, Prantik Kundu, Valerie Voon P35 Dynamics of cooperative excitatory and inhibitory plasticity Everton J. Agnes, Tim P. Vogels P36 Frequency-dependent oscillatory signal gating in feed-forward networks of integrate-and-fire neurons William F. Podlaski, Tim P. Vogels P37 Phenomenological neural model for adaptation of neurons in area IT Martin Giese, Pradeep Kuravi, Rufin Vogels P38 ICGenealogy: towards a common topology of neuronal ion channel function and genealogy in model and experiment Alexander Seeholzer, William Podlaski, Rajnish Ranjan, Tim Vogels P39 Temporal input discrimination from the interaction between dynamic synapses and neural subthreshold oscillations Joaquin J. Torres, Fabiano Baroni, Roberto Latorre, Pablo Varona P40 Different roles for transient and sustained activity during active visual processing Bart Gips, Eric Lowet, Mark J. Roberts, Peter de Weerd, Ole Jensen, Jan van der Eerden P41 Scale-free functional networks of 2D Ising model are highly robust against structural defects: neuroscience implications Abdorreza Goodarzinick, Mohammad D. Niry, Alireza Valizadeh P42 High frequency neuron can facilitate propagation of signal in neural networks Aref Pariz, Shervin S. Parsi, Alireza Valizadeh P43 Investigating the effect of Alzheimer\u2019s disease related amyloidopathy on gamma oscillations in the CA1 region of the hippocampus Julia M. Warburton, Lucia Marucci, Francesco Tamagnini, Jon Brown, Krasimira Tsaneva-Atanasova P44 Long-tailed distributions of inhibitory and excitatory weights in a balanced network with eSTDP and iSTDP Florence I. Kleberg, Jochen Triesch P45 Simulation of EMG recording from hand muscle due to TMS of motor cortex Bahar Moezzi, Nicolangelo Iannella, Natalie Schaworonkow, Lukas Plogmacher, Mitchell R. Goldsworthy, Brenton Hordacre, Mark D. McDonnell, Michael C. Ridding, Jochen Triesch P46 Structure and dynamics of axon network formed in primary cell culture Martin Zapotocky, Daniel Smit, Coralie Fouquet, Alain Trembleau P47 Efficient signal processing and sampling in random networks that generate variability Sakyasingha Dasgupta, Isao Nishikawa, Kazuyuki Aihara, Taro Toyoizumi P48 Modeling the effect of riluzole on bursting in respiratory neural networks Daniel T. Robb, Nick Mellen, Natalia Toporikova P49 Mapping relaxation training using effective connectivity analysis Rongxiang Tang, Yi-Yuan Tang P50 Modeling neuron oscillation of implicit sequence learning Guangsheng Liang, Seth A. Kiser, James H. Howard, Jr., Yi-Yuan Tang P51 The role of cerebellar short-term synaptic plasticity in the pathology and medication of downbeat nystagmus Julia Goncharenko, Neil Davey, Maria Schilstra, Volker Steuber P52 Nonlinear response of noisy neurons Sergej O. Voronenko, Benjamin Lindner P53 Behavioral embedding suggests multiple chaotic dimensions underlie locomotion Tosif Ahamed, Greg Stephens P54 Fast and scalable spike sorting for large and dense multi-electrodes recordings Pierre Yger, Baptiste Lefebvre, Giulia Lia Beatrice Spampinato, Elric Esposito, Marcel Stimberg et Olivier Marre P55 Sufficient sampling rates for fast hand motion tracking Hansol Choi, Min-Ho Song P56 Linear readout of object manifolds SueYeon Chung, Dan D. Lee, Haim Sompolinsky P57 Differentiating models of intrinsic bursting and rhythm generation of the respiratory pre-B\u00f6tzinger complex using phase response curves Ryan S. Phillips, Jeffrey Smith P58 The effect of inhibitory cell network interactions during theta rhythms on extracellular field potentials in CA1 hippocampus Alexandra Pierri Chatzikalymniou, Katie Ferguson, Frances K. Skinner P59 Expansion recoding through sparse sampling in the cerebellar input layer speeds learning N. Alex Cayco Gajic, Claudia Clopath, R. Angus Silver P60 A set of curated cortical models at multiple scales on Open Source Brain Padraig Gleeson, Boris Marin, Sadra Sadeh, Adrian Quintana, Matteo Cantarelli, Salvador Dura-Bernal, William W. Lytton, Andrew Davison, R. Angus Silver P61 A synaptic story of dynamical information encoding in neural adaptation Luozheng Li, Wenhao Zhang, Yuanyuan Mi, Dahui Wang, Si Wu P62 Physical modeling of rule-observant rodent behavior Youngjo Song, Sol Park, Ilhwan Choi, Jaeseung Jeong, Hee-sup Shin P64 Predictive coding in area V4 and prefrontal cortex explains dynamic discrimination of partially occluded shapes Hannah Choi, Anitha Pasupathy, Eric Shea-Brown P65 Stability of FORCE learning on spiking and rate-based networks Dongsung Huh, Terrence J. Sejnowski P66 Stabilising STDP in striatal neurons for reliable fast state recognition in noisy environments Simon M. Vogt, Arvind Kumar, Robert Schmidt P67 Electrodiffusion in one- and two-compartment neuron models for characterizing cellular effects of electrical stimulation Stephen Van Wert, Steven J. Schiff P68 STDP improves speech recognition capabilities in spiking recurrent circuits parameterized via differential evolution Markov Chain Monte Carlo Richard Veale, Matthias Scheutz P69 Bidirectional transformation between dominant cortical neural activities and phase difference distributions Sang Wan Lee P70 Maturation of sensory networks through homeostatic structural plasticity J\u00falia Gallinaro, Stefan Rotter P71 Corticothalamic dynamics: structure, number of solutions and stability of steady-state solutions in the space of synaptic couplings Paula Sanz-Leon, Peter A. Robinson P72 Optogenetic versus electrical stimulation of the parkinsonian basal ganglia. Computational study Leonid L. Rubchinsky, Chung Ching Cheung, Shivakeshavan Ratnadurai-Giridharan P73 Exact spike-timing distribution reveals higher-order interactions of neurons Safura Rashid Shomali, Majid Nili Ahmadabadi, Hideaki Shimazaki, S. Nader Rasuli P74 Neural mechanism of visual perceptual learning using a multi-layered neural network Xiaochen Zhao, Malte J. Rasch P75 Inferring collective spiking dynamics from mostly unobserved systems Jens Wilting, Viola Priesemann P76 How to infer distributions in the brain from subsampled observations Anna Levina, Viola Priesemann P77 Influences of embedding and estimation strategies on the inferred memory of single spiking neurons Lucas Rudelt, Joseph T. Lizier, Viola Priesemann P78 A nearest-neighbours based estimator for transfer entropy between spike trains Joseph T. Lizier, Richard E. Spinney, Mikail Rubinov, Michael Wibral, Viola Priesemann P79 Active learning of psychometric functions with multinomial logistic models Ji Hyun Bak, Jonathan Pillow P81 Inferring low-dimensional network dynamics with variational latent Gaussian process Yuan Zaho, Il Memming Park P82 Computational investigation of energy landscapes in the resting state subcortical brain network Jiyoung Kang, Hae-Jeong Park P83 Local repulsive interaction between retinal ganglion cells can generate a consistent spatial periodicity of orientation map Jaeson Jang, Se-Bum Paik P84 Phase duration of bistable perception reveals intrinsic time scale of perceptual decision under noisy condition Woochul Choi, Se-Bum Paik P85 Feedforward convergence between retina and primary visual cortex can determine the structure of orientation map Changju Lee, Jaeson Jang, Se-Bum Paik P86 Computational method classifying neural network activity patterns for imaging data Min Song, Hyeonsu Lee, Se-Bum Paik P87 Symmetry of spike-timing-dependent-plasticity kernels regulates volatility of memory Youngjin Park, Woochul Choi Se-Bum Paik P88 Effects of time-periodic coupling strength on the first-spike latency dynamics of a scale-free network of stochastic Hodgkin-Huxley neurons Ergin Yilmaz, Veli Baysal, Mahmut Ozer P89 Spectral properties of spiking responses in V1 and V4 change within the trial and are highly relevant for behavioral performance Veronika Koren, Klaus Obermayer P90 Methods for building accurate models of individual neurons Daniel Saska, Thomas Nowotny P91 A full size mathematical model of the early olfactory system of honeybees Ho Ka Chan, Alan Diamond, Thomas Nowotny P92 Stimulation-induced tuning of ongoing oscillations in spiking neural networks Christoph S. Herrmann, Micah M. Murray, Silvio Ionta, Axel Hutt, J\u00e9r\u00e9mie Lefebvre P93 Decision-specific sequences of neural activity in balanced random networks driven by structured sensory input Philipp Weidel, Renato Duarte, Abigail Morrison P94 Modulation of tuning induced by abrupt reduction of SST cell activity Jung H. Lee, Ramakrishnan Iyer, Stefan Mihalas P95 The functional role of VIP cell activation during locomotion Jung H. Lee, Ramakrishnan Iyer, Christof Koch, Stefan Mihalas P96 Stochastic inference with spiking neural networks Mihai A. Petrovici, Luziwei Leng, Oliver Breitwieser, David St\u00f6ckel, Ilja Bytschok, Roman Martel, Johannes Bill, Johannes Schemmel, Karlheinz Meier P97 Modeling orientation-selective electrical stimulation with retinal prostheses Timothy B. Esler, Anthony N. Burkitt, David B. Grayden, Robert R. Kerr, Bahman Tahayori, Hamish Meffin P98 Ion channel noise can explain firing correlation in auditory nerves Bahar Moezzi, Nicolangelo Iannella, Mark D. McDonnell P99 Limits of temporal encoding of thalamocortical inputs in a neocortical microcircuit Max Nolte, Michael W. Reimann, Eilif Muller, Henry Markram P100 On the representation of arm reaching movements: a computational model Antonio Parziale, Rosa Senatore, Angelo Marcelli P101 A computational model for investigating the role of cerebellum in acquisition and retention of motor behavior Rosa Senatore, Antonio Parziale, Angelo Marcelli P102 The emergence of semantic categories from a large-scale brain network of semantic knowledge K. Skiker, M. Maouene P103 Multiscale modeling of M1 multitarget pharmacotherapy for dystonia Samuel A. Neymotin, Salvador Dura-Bernal, Alexandra Seidenstein, Peter Lakatos, Terence D. Sanger, William W. Lytton P104 Effect of network size on computational capacity Salvador Dura-Bernal, Rosemary J. Menzies, Campbell McLauchlan, Sacha J. van Albada, David J. Kedziora, Samuel Neymotin, William W. Lytton, Cliff C. Kerr P105 NetPyNE: a Python package for NEURON to facilitate development and parallel simulation of biological neuronal networks Salvador Dura-Bernal, Benjamin A. Suter, Samuel A. Neymotin, Cliff C. Kerr, Adrian Quintana, Padraig Gleeson, Gordon M. G. Shepherd, William W. Lytton P107 Inter-areal and inter-regional inhomogeneity in co-axial anisotropy of Cortical Point Spread in human visual areas Juhyoung Ryu, Sang-Hun Lee P108 Two bayesian quanta of uncertainty explain the temporal dynamics of cortical activity in the non-sensory areas during bistable perception Joonwon Lee, Sang-Hun Lee P109 Optimal and suboptimal integration of sensory and value information in perceptual decision making Hyang Jung Lee, Sang-Hun Lee P110 A Bayesian algorithm for phoneme Perception and its neural implementation Daeseob Lim, Sang-Hun Lee P111 Complexity of EEG signals is reduced during unconsciousness induced by ketamine and propofol Jisung Wang, Heonsoo Lee P112 Self-organized criticality of neural avalanche in a neural model on complex networks Nam Jung, Le Anh Quang, Seung Eun Maeng, Tae Ho Lee, Jae Woo Lee P113 Dynamic alterations in connection topology of the hippocampal network during ictal-like epileptiform activity in an in vitro rat model Chang-hyun Park, Sora Ahn, Jangsup Moon, Yun Seo Choi, Juhee Kim, Sang Beom Jun, Seungjun Lee, Hyang Woon Lee P114 Computational model to replicate seizure suppression effect by electrical stimulation Sora Ahn, Sumin Jo, Eunji Jun, Suin Yu, Hyang Woon Lee, Sang Beom Jun, Seungjun Lee P115 Identifying excitatory and inhibitory synapses in neuronal networks from spike trains using sorted local transfer entropy Felix Goetze, Pik-Yin Lai P116 Neural network model for obstacle avoidance based on neuromorphic computational model of boundary vector cell and head direction cell Seonghyun Kim, Jeehyun Kwag P117 Dynamic gating of spike pattern propagation by Hebbian and anti-Hebbian spike timing-dependent plasticity in excitatory feedforward network model Hyun Jae Jang, Jeehyun Kwag P118 Inferring characteristics of input correlations of cells exhibiting up-down state transitions in the rat striatum Marko Filipovi\u0107, Ramon Reig, Ad Aertsen, Gilad Silberberg, Arvind Kumar P119 Graph properties of the functional connected brain under the influence of Alzheimer\u2019s disease Claudia Bachmann, Simone Buttler, Heidi Jacobs, Kim Dillen, Gereon R. Fink, Juraj Kukolja, Abigail Morrison P120 Learning sparse representations in the olfactory bulb Daniel Kepple, Hamza Giaffar, Dima Rinberg, Steven Shea, Alex Koulakov P121 Functional classification of homologous basal-ganglia networks Jyotika Bahuguna,Tom Tetzlaff, Abigail Morrison, Arvind Kumar, Jeanette Hellgren Kotaleski P122 Short term memory based on multistability Tim Kunze, Andre Peterson, Thomas Kn\u00f6sche P123 A physiologically plausible, computationally efficient model and simulation software for mammalian motor units Minjung Kim, Hojeong Kim P125 Decoding laser-induced somatosensory information from EEG Ji Sung Park, Ji Won Yeon, Sung-Phil Kim P126 Phase synchronization of alpha activity for EEG-based personal authentication Jae-Hwan Kang, Chungho Lee, Sung-Phil Kim P129 Investigating phase-lags in sEEG data using spatially distributed time delays in a large-scale brain network model Andreas Spiegler, Spase Petkoski, Matias J. Palva, Viktor K. Jirsa P130 Epileptic seizures in the unfolding of a codimension-3 singularity Maria L. Saggio, Silvan F. Siep, Andreas Spiegler, William C. Stacey, Christophe Bernard, Viktor K. Jirsa P131 Incremental dimensional exploratory reasoning under multi-dimensional environment Oh-hyeon Choung, Yong Jeong P132 A low-cost model of eye movements and memory in personal visual cognition Yong-il Lee, Jaeseung Jeong P133 Complex network analysis of structural connectome of autism spectrum disorder patients Su Hyun Kim, Mir Jeong, Jaeseung Jeong P134 Cognitive motives and the neural correlates underlying human social information transmission, gossip Jeungmin Lee, Jaehyung Kwon, Jerald D. Kralik, Jaeseung Jeong P135 EEG hyperscanning detects neural oscillation for the social interaction during the economic decision-making Jaehwan Jahng, Dong-Uk Hwang, Jaeseung Jeong P136 Detecting purchase decision based on hyperfrontality of the EEG Jae-Hyung Kwon, Sang-Min Park, Jaeseung Jeong P137 Vulnerability-based critical neurons, synapses, and pathways in the connectome Seongkyun Kim, Hyoungkyu Kim, Jerald D. Kralik, Jaeseung Jeong P138 Motif analysis reveals functionally asymmetrical neurons in Pyeong Soo Kim, Seongkyun Kim, Hyoungkyu Kim, Jaeseung Jeong P139 Computational approach to preference-based serial decision dynamics: do temporal discounting and working memory affect it? Sangsup Yoon, Jaehyung Kwon, Sewoong Lim, Jaeseung Jeong P141 Social stress induced neural network reconfiguration affects decision making and learning in zebrafish Choongseok Park, Thomas Miller, Katie Clements, Sungwoo Ahn, Eoon Hye Ji, Fadi A. Issa P142 Descriptive, generative, and hybrid approaches for neural connectivity inference from neural activity data JeongHun Baek, Shigeyuki Oba, Junichiro Yoshimoto, Kenji Doya, Shin Ishii P145 Divergent-convergent synaptic connectivities accelerate coding in multilayered sensory systems Thiago S. Mosqueiro, Martin F. Strube-Bloss, Brian Smith, Ramon Huerta P146 Swinging networks Michal Hadrava, Jaroslav Hlinka P147 Inferring dynamically relevant motifs from oscillatory stimuli: challenges, pitfalls, and solutions Hannah Bos, Moritz Helias P148 Spatiotemporal mapping of brain network dynamics during cognitive tasks using magnetoencephalography and deep learning Charles M. Welzig, Zachary J. Harper P149 Multiscale complexity analysis for the segmentation of MRI images Won Sup Kim, In-Seob Shin, Hyeon-Man Baek, Seung Kee Han P150 A neuro-computational model of emotional attention Ren\u00e9 Richter, Julien Vitay, Frederick Beuth, Fred H. Hamker P151 Multi-site delayed feedback stimulation in parkinsonian networks Kelly Toppin, Yixin Guo P152 Bistability in Hodgkin\u2013Huxley-type equations Tatiana Kameneva, Hamish Meffin, Anthony N. Burkitt, David B. Grayden P153 Phase changes in postsynaptic spiking due to synaptic connectivity and short term plasticity: mathematical analysis of frequency dependency Mark D. McDonnell, Bruce P. Graham P154 Quantifying resilience patterns in brain networks: the importance of directionality Penelope J. Kale, Leonardo L. Gollo P155 Dynamics of rate-model networks with separate excitatory and inhibitory populations Merav Stern, L. F. Abbott P156 A model for multi-stable dynamics in action recognition modulated by integration of silhouette and shading cues Leonid A. Fedorov, Martin A. Giese P157 Spiking model for the interaction between action recognition and action execution Mohammad Hovaidi Ardestani, Martin Giese P158 Surprise-modulated belief update: how to learn within changing environments? Mohammad Javad Faraji, Kerstin Preuschoff, Wulfram Gerstner P159 A fast, stochastic and adaptive model of auditory nerve responses to cochlear implant stimulation Margriet J. van Gendt, Jeroen J. Briaire, Randy K. Kalkman, Johan H. M. Frijns P160 Quantitative comparison of graph theoretical measures of simulated and empirical functional brain networks Won Hee Lee, Sophia Frangou P161 Determining discriminative properties of fMRI signals in schizophrenia using highly comparative time-series analysis Ben D. Fulcher, Patricia H. P. Tran, Alex Fornito P162 Emergence of narrowband LFP oscillations from completely asynchronous activity during seizures and high-frequency oscillations Stephen V. Gliske, William C. Stacey, Eugene Lim, Katherine A. Holman, Christian G. Fink P163 Neuronal diversity in structure and function: cross-validation of anatomical and physiological classification of retinal ganglion cells in the mouse Jinseop S. Kim, Shang Mu, Kevin L. Briggman, H. Sebastian Seung, the EyeWirers P164 Analysis and modelling of transient firing rate changes in area MT in response to rapid stimulus feature changes Detlef Wegener, Lisa Bohnenkamp, Udo A. Ernst P165 Step-wise model fitting accounting for high-resolution spatial measurements: construction of a layer V pyramidal cell model with reduced morphology Tuomo M\u00e4ki-Marttunen, Geir Halnes, Anna Devor, Christoph Metzner, Anders M. Dale, Ole A. Andreassen, Gaute T. Einevoll P166 Contributions of schizophrenia-associated genes to neuron firing and cardiac pacemaking: a polygenic modeling approach Tuomo M\u00e4ki-Marttunen, Glenn T. Lines, Andy Edwards, Aslak Tveito, Anders M. Dale, Gaute T. Einevoll, Ole A. Andreassen P167 Local field potentials in a 4\u00a0\u00d7\u00a04 mm multi-layered network model Espen Hagen, Johanna Senk, Sacha J. van Albada, Markus Diesmann P168 A spiking network model explains multi-scale properties of cortical dynamics Maximilian Schmidt, Rembrandt Bakker, Kelly Shen, Gleb Bezgin, Claus-Christian Hilgetag, Markus Diesmann, Sacha Jennifer van Albada P169 Using joint weight-delay spike-timing dependent plasticity to find polychronous neuronal groups Haoqi Sun, Olga Sourina, Guang-Bin Huang, Felix Klanner, Cornelia Denk P170 Tensor decomposition reveals RSNs in simulated resting state fMRI Katharina Glomb, Adri\u00e1n Ponce-Alvarez, Matthieu Gilson, Petra Ritter, Gustavo Deco P171 Getting in the groove: testing a new model-based method for comparing task-evoked vs resting-state activity in fMRI data on music listening Matthieu Gilson, Maria AG Witek, Eric F. Clarke, Mads Hansen, Mikkel Wallentin, Gustavo Deco, Morten L. Kringelbach Peter Vuust P172 STochastic engine for pathway simulation (STEPS) on massively parallel processors Guido Klingbeil, Erik De Schutter P173 Toolkit support for complex parallel spatial stochastic reaction\u2013diffusion simulation in STEPS Weiliang Chen, Erik De Schutter P174 Modeling the generation and propagation of Purkinje cell dendritic spikes caused by parallel fiber synaptic input Yunliang Zang, Erik De Schutter P175 Dendritic morphology determines how dendrites are organized into functional subunits Sungho Hong, Akira Takashima, Erik De Schutter P176 A model of Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II activity in long term depression at Purkinje cells Criseida Zamora, Andrew R. Gallimore, Erik De Schutter P177 Reward-modulated learning of population-encoded vectors for insect-like navigation in embodied agents Dennis Goldschmidt, Poramate Manoonpong, Sakyasingha Dasgupta P178 Data-driven neural models part II: connectivity patterns of human seizures Philippa J. Karoly, Dean R. Freestone, Daniel Soundry, Levin Kuhlmann, Liam Paninski, Mark Cook P179 Data-driven neural models part I: state and parameter estimation Dean R. Freestone, Philippa J. Karoly, Daniel Soundry, Levin Kuhlmann, Mark Cook P180 Spectral and spatial information processing in human auditory streaming Jaejin Lee, Yonatan I. Fishman, Yale E. Cohen P181 A tuning curve for the global effects of local perturbations in neural activity: Mapping the systems-level susceptibility of the brain Leonardo L. Gollo, James A. Roberts, Luca Cocchi P182 Diverse homeostatic responses to visual deprivation mediated by neural ensembles Yann Sweeney, Claudia Clopath P183 Opto-EEG: a novel method for investigating functional connectome in mouse brain based on optogenetics and high density electroencephalography Soohyun Lee, Woo-Sung Jung, Jee Hyun Choi P184 Biphasic responses of frontal gamma network to repetitive sleep deprivation during REM sleep Bowon Kim, Youngsoo Kim, Eunjin Hwang, Jee Hyun Choi P185 Brain-state correlate and cortical connectivity for frontal gamma oscillations in top-down fashion assessed by auditory steady-state response Younginha Jung, Eunjin Hwang, Yoon-Kyu Song, Jee Hyun Choi P186 Neural field model of localized orientation selective activation in V1 James Rankin, Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Chavane P187 An oscillatory network model of Head direction and Grid cells using locomotor inputs Karthik Soman, Vignesh Muralidharan, V. Srinivasa Chakravarthy P188 A computational model of hippocampus inspired by the functional architecture of basal ganglia Karthik Soman, Vignesh Muralidharan, V. Srinivasa Chakravarthy P189 A computational architecture to model the microanatomy of the striatum and its functional properties Sabyasachi Shivkumar, Vignesh Muralidharan, V. Srinivasa Chakravarthy P190 A scalable cortico-basal ganglia model to understand the neural dynamics of targeted reaching Vignesh Muralidharan, Alekhya Mandali, B. Pragathi Priyadharsini, Hima Mehta, V. Srinivasa Chakravarthy P191 Emergence of radial orientation selectivity from synaptic plasticity Catherine E. Davey, David B. Grayden, Anthony N. Burkitt P192 How do hidden units shape effective connections between neurons? Braden A. W. Brinkman, Tyler Kekona, Fred Rieke, Eric Shea-Brown, Michael Buice P193 Characterization of neural firing in the presence of astrocyte-synapse signaling Maurizio De Pitt\u00e0, Hugues Berry, Nicolas Brunel P194 Metastability of spatiotemporal patterns in a large-scale network model of brain dynamics James A. Roberts, Leonardo L. Gollo, Michael Breakspear P195 Comparison of three methods to quantify detection and discrimination capacity estimated from neural population recordings Gary Marsat, Jordan Drew, Phillip D. Chapman, Kevin C. Daly, Samual P. Bradley P196 Quantifying the constraints for independent evoked and spontaneous NMDA receptor mediated synaptic transmission at individual synapses Sat Byul Seo, Jianzhong Su, Ege T. Kavalali, Justin Blackwell P199 Gamma oscillation via adaptive exponential integrate-and-fire neurons LieJune Shiau, Laure Buhry, Kanishka Basnayake P200 Visual face representations during memory retrieval compared to perception Sue-Hyun Lee, Brandon A. Levy, Chris I. Baker P201 Top-down modulation of sequential activity within packets modeled using avalanche dynamics Timoth\u00e9e Leleu, Kazuyuki Aihara Q28 An auto-encoder network realizes sparse features under the influence of desynchronized vascular dynamics Ryan T. Philips, Karishma Chhabria, V. Srinivasa Chakravarthy", "authors": [ "Sharpee, Tatyana O.", "Destexhe, Alain", "Kawato, Mitsuo", "Sekuli\u0107, Vladislav", "Skinner, Frances K.", "W\u00f3jcik, Daniel K.", "Chintaluri, Chaitanya", "Cserp\u00e1n, Dorottya", "Somogyv\u00e1ri, Zolt\u00e1n", "Kim, Jae Kyoung", "Kilpatrick, Zachary P.", "Bennett, Matthew R.", "Josi\u0107, Kresimir", "Elices, Irene", "Arroyo, David", "Levi, Rafael", "Rodriguez, Francisco B.", "Varona, Pablo", "Hwang, Eunjin", "Kim, Bowon", "Han, Hio-Been", "Kim, Tae", "McKenna, James T.", "Brown, Ritchie E.", "McCarley, Robert W.", "Choi, Jee Hyun", "Rankin, James", "Popp, Pamela Osborn", "Rinzel, John", "Tabas, Alejandro", "Rupp, Andr\u00e9", "Balaguer-Ballester, Emili", "Maturana, Matias I.", "Grayden, David B.", "Cloherty, Shaun L.", "Kameneva, Tatiana", "Ibbotson, Michael R.", "Meffin, Hamish", "Koren, Veronika", "Lochmann, Timm", "Dragoi, Valentin", "Obermayer, Klaus", "Psarrou, Maria", "Schilstra, Maria", "Davey, Neil", "Torben-Nielsen, Benjamin", "Steuber, Volker", "Ju, Huiwen", "Yu, Jiao", "Hines, Michael L.", "Chen, Liang", "Yu, Yuguo", "Kim, Jimin", "Leahy, Will", "Shlizerman, Eli", "Birgiolas, Justas", "Gerkin, Richard C.", "Crook, Sharon M.", "Viriyopase, Atthaphon", "Memmesheimer, Raoul-Martin", "Gielen, Stan", "Dabaghian, Yuri", "DeVito, Justin", "Perotti, Luca", "Kim, Anmo J.", "Fenk, Lisa M.", "Cheng, Cheng", "Maimon, Gaby", "Zhao, Chang", "Widmer, Yves", "Sprecher, Simon", "Senn, Walter", "Halnes, Geir", "M\u00e4ki-Marttunen, Tuomo", "Keller, Daniel", "Pettersen, Klas H.", "Andreassen, Ole A.", "Einevoll, Gaute T.", "Yamada, Yasunori", "Steyn-Ross, Moira L.", "Alistair Steyn-Ross, D.", "Mejias, Jorge F.", "Murray, John D.", "Kennedy, Henry", "Wang, Xiao-Jing", "Kruscha, Alexandra", "Grewe, Jan", "Benda, Jan", "Lindner, Benjamin", "Badel, Laurent", "Ohta, Kazumi", "Tsuchimoto, Yoshiko", "Kazama, Hokto", "Kahng, B.", "Tam, Nicoladie D.", "Pollonini, Luca", "Zouridakis, George", "Soh, Jaehyun", "Kim, DaeEun", "Yoo, Minsu", "Palmer, S. E.", "Culmone, Viviana", "Bojak, Ingo", "Ferrario, Andrea", "Merrison-Hort, Robert", "Borisyuk, Roman", "Kim, Chang Sub", "Tezuka, Taro", "Joo, Pangyu", "Rho, Young-Ah", "Burton, Shawn D.", "Bard Ermentrout, G.", "Jeong, Jaeseung", "Urban, Nathaniel N.", "Marsalek, Petr", "Kim, Hoon-Hee", "Moon, Seok-hyun", "Lee, Do-won", "Lee, Sung-beom", "Lee, Ji-yong", "Molkov, Yaroslav I.", "Hamade, Khaldoun", "Teka, Wondimu", "Barnett, William H.", "Kim, Taegyo", "Markin, Sergey", "Rybak, Ilya A.", "Forro, Csaba", "Dermutz, Harald", "Demk\u00f3, L\u00e1szl\u00f3", "V\u00f6r\u00f6s, J\u00e1nos", "Babichev, Andrey", "Huang, Haiping", "Verduzco-Flores, Sergio", "Dos Santos, Filipa", "Andras, Peter", "Metzner, Christoph", "Schweikard, Achim", "Zurowski, Bartosz", "Roach, James P.", "Sander, Leonard M.", "Zochowski, Michal R.", "Skilling, Quinton M.", "Ognjanovski, Nicolette", "Aton, Sara J.", "Zochowski, Michal", "Wang, Sheng-Jun", "Ouyang, Guang", "Guang, Jing", "Zhang, Mingsha", "Michael Wong, K. Y.", "Zhou, Changsong", "Robinson, Peter A.", "Sanz-Leon, Paula", "Drysdale, Peter M.", "Fung, Felix", "Abeysuriya, Romesh G.", "Rennie, Chris J.", "Zhao, Xuelong", "Choe, Yoonsuck", "Yang, Huei-Fang", "Mi, Yuanyuan", "Lin, Xiaohan", "Wu, Si", "Liedtke, Joscha", "Schottdorf, Manuel", "Wolf, Fred", "Yamamura, Yoriko", "Wickens, Jeffery R.", "Rumbell, Timothy", "Ramsey, Julia", "Reyes, Amy", "Dragulji\u0107, Danel", "Hof, Patrick R.", "Luebke, Jennifer", "Weaver, Christina M.", "He, Hu", "Yang, Xu", "Ma, Hailin", "Xu, Zhiheng", "Wang, Yuzhe", "Baek, Kwangyeol", "Morris, Laurel S.", "Kundu, Prantik", "Voon, Valerie", "Agnes, Everton J.", "Vogels, Tim P.", "Podlaski, William F.", "Giese, Martin", "Kuravi, Pradeep", "Vogels, Rufin", "Seeholzer, Alexander", "Podlaski, William", "Ranjan, Rajnish", "Vogels, Tim", "Torres, Joaquin J.", "Baroni, Fabiano", "Latorre, Roberto", "Gips, Bart", "Lowet, Eric", "Roberts, Mark J.", "de Weerd, Peter", "Jensen, Ole", "van der Eerden, Jan", "Goodarzinick, Abdorreza", "Niry, Mohammad D.", "Valizadeh, Alireza", "Pariz, Aref", "Parsi, Shervin S.", "Warburton, Julia M.", "Marucci, Lucia", "Tamagnini, Francesco", "Brown, Jon", "Tsaneva-Atanasova, Krasimira", "Kleberg, Florence I.", "Triesch, Jochen", "Moezzi, Bahar", "Iannella, Nicolangelo", "Schaworonkow, Natalie", "Plogmacher, Lukas", "Goldsworthy, Mitchell R.", "Hordacre, Brenton", "McDonnell, Mark D.", "Ridding, Michael C.", "Zapotocky, Martin", "Smit, Daniel", "Fouquet, Coralie", "Trembleau, Alain", "Dasgupta, Sakyasingha", "Nishikawa, Isao", "Aihara, Kazuyuki", "Toyoizumi, Taro", "Robb, Daniel T.", "Mellen, Nick", "Toporikova, Natalia", "Tang, Rongxiang", "Tang, Yi-Yuan", "Liang, Guangsheng", "Kiser, Seth A.", "Howard, James H.", "Goncharenko, Julia", "Voronenko, Sergej O.", "Ahamed, Tosif", "Stephens, Greg", "Yger, Pierre", "Lefebvre, Baptiste", "Spampinato, Giulia Lia Beatrice", "Esposito, Elric", "et Olivier Marre, Marcel Stimberg", "Choi, Hansol", "Song, Min-Ho", "Chung, SueYeon", "Lee, Dan D.", "Sompolinsky, Haim", "Phillips, Ryan S.", "Smith, Jeffrey", "Chatzikalymniou, Alexandra Pierri", "Ferguson, Katie", "Alex Cayco Gajic, N.", "Clopath, Claudia", "Angus Silver, R.", "Gleeson, Padraig", "Marin, Boris", "Sadeh, Sadra", "Quintana, Adrian", "Cantarelli, Matteo", "Dura-Bernal, Salvador", "Lytton, William W.", "Davison, Andrew", "Li, Luozheng", "Zhang, Wenhao", "Wang, Dahui", "Song, Youngjo", "Park, Sol", "Choi, Ilhwan", "Shin, Hee-sup", "Choi, Hannah", "Pasupathy, Anitha", "Shea-Brown, Eric", "Huh, Dongsung", "Sejnowski, Terrence J.", "Vogt, Simon M.", "Kumar, Arvind", "Schmidt, Robert", "Van Wert, Stephen", "Schiff, Steven J.", "Veale, Richard", "Scheutz, Matthias", "Lee, Sang Wan", "Gallinaro, J\u00falia", "Rotter, Stefan", "Rubchinsky, Leonid L.", "Cheung, Chung Ching", "Ratnadurai-Giridharan, Shivakeshavan", "Shomali, Safura Rashid", "Ahmadabadi, Majid Nili", "Shimazaki, Hideaki", "Nader Rasuli, S.", "Zhao, Xiaochen", "Rasch, Malte J.", "Wilting, Jens", "Priesemann, Viola", "Levina, Anna", "Rudelt, Lucas", "Lizier, Joseph T.", "Spinney, Richard E.", "Rubinov, Mikail", "Wibral, Michael", "Bak, Ji Hyun", "Pillow, Jonathan", "Zaho, Yuan", "Park, Il Memming", "Kang, Jiyoung", "Park, Hae-Jeong", "Jang, Jaeson", "Paik, Se-Bum", "Choi, Woochul", "Lee, Changju", "Song, Min", "Lee, Hyeonsu", "Park, Youngjin", "Yilmaz, Ergin", "Baysal, Veli", "Ozer, Mahmut", "Saska, Daniel", "Nowotny, Thomas", "Chan, Ho Ka", "Diamond, Alan", "Herrmann, Christoph S.", "Murray, Micah M.", "Ionta, Silvio", "Hutt, Axel", "Lefebvre, J\u00e9r\u00e9mie", "Weidel, Philipp", "Duarte, Renato", "Morrison, Abigail", "Lee, Jung H.", "Iyer, Ramakrishnan", "Mihalas, Stefan", "Koch, Christof", "Petrovici, Mihai A.", "Leng, Luziwei", "Breitwieser, Oliver", "St\u00f6ckel, David", "Bytschok, Ilja", "Martel, Roman", "Bill, Johannes", "Schemmel, Johannes", "Meier, Karlheinz", "Esler, Timothy B.", "Burkitt, Anthony N.", "Kerr, Robert R.", "Tahayori, Bahman", "Nolte, Max", "Reimann, Michael W.", "Muller, Eilif", "Markram, Henry", "Parziale, Antonio", "Senatore, Rosa", "Marcelli, Angelo", "Skiker, K.", "Maouene, M.", "Neymotin, Samuel A.", "Seidenstein, Alexandra", "Lakatos, Peter", "Sanger, Terence D.", "Menzies, Rosemary J.", "McLauchlan, Campbell", "van Albada, Sacha J.", "Kedziora, David J.", "Neymotin, Samuel", "Kerr, Cliff C.", "Suter, Benjamin A.", "Shepherd, Gordon M. G.", "Ryu, Juhyoung", "Lee, Sang-Hun", "Lee, Joonwon", "Lee, Hyang Jung", "Lim, Daeseob", "Wang, Jisung", "Lee, Heonsoo", "Jung, Nam", "Anh Quang, Le", "Maeng, Seung Eun", "Lee, Tae Ho", "Lee, Jae Woo", "Park, Chang-hyun", "Ahn, Sora", "Moon, Jangsup", "Choi, Yun Seo", "Kim, Juhee", "Jun, Sang Beom", "Lee, Seungjun", "Lee, Hyang Woon", "Jo, Sumin", "Jun, Eunji", "Yu, Suin", "Goetze, Felix", "Lai, Pik-Yin", "Kim, Seonghyun", "Kwag, Jeehyun", "Jang, Hyun Jae", "Filipovi\u0107, Marko", "Reig, Ramon", "Aertsen, Ad", "Silberberg, Gilad", "Bachmann, Claudia", "Buttler, Simone", "Jacobs, Heidi", "Dillen, Kim", "Fink, Gereon R.", "Kukolja, Juraj", "Kepple, Daniel", "Giaffar, Hamza", "Rinberg, Dima", "Shea, Steven", "Koulakov, Alex", "Bahuguna, Jyotika", "Tetzlaff, Tom", "Kotaleski, Jeanette Hellgren", "Kunze, Tim", "Peterson, Andre", "Kn\u00f6sche, Thomas", "Kim, Minjung", "Kim, Hojeong", "Park, Ji Sung", "Yeon, Ji Won", "Kim, Sung-Phil", "Kang, Jae-Hwan", "Lee, Chungho", "Spiegler, Andreas", "Petkoski, Spase", "Palva, Matias J.", "Jirsa, Viktor K.", "Saggio, Maria L.", "Siep, Silvan F.", "Stacey, William C.", "Bernar, Christophe", "Choung, Oh-hyeon", "Jeong, Yong", "Lee, Yong-il", "Kim, Su Hyun", "Jeong, Mir", "Lee, Jeungmin", "Kwon, Jaehyung", "Kralik, Jerald D.", "Jahng, Jaehwan", "Hwang, Dong-Uk", "Kwon, Jae-Hyung", "Park, Sang-Min", "Kim, Seongkyun", "Kim, Hyoungkyu", "Kim, Pyeong Soo", "Yoon, Sangsup", "Lim, Sewoong", "Park, Choongseok", "Miller, Thomas", "Clements, Katie", "Ahn, Sungwoo", "Ji, Eoon Hye", "Issa, Fadi A.", "Baek, JeongHun", "Oba, Shigeyuki", "Yoshimoto, Junichiro", "Doya, Kenji", "Ishii, Shin", "Mosqueiro, Thiago S.", "Strube-Bloss, Martin F.", "Smith, Brian", "Huerta, Ramon", "Hadrava, Michal", "Hlinka, Jaroslav", "Bos, Hannah", "Helias, Moritz", "Welzig, Charles M.", "Harper, Zachary J.", "Kim, Won Sup", "Shin, In-Seob", "Baek, Hyeon-Man", "Han, Seung Kee", "Richter, Ren\u00e9", "Vitay, Julien", "Beuth, Frederick", "Hamker, Fred H.", "Toppin, Kelly", "Guo, Yixin", "Graham, Bruce P.", "Kale, Penelope J.", "Gollo, Leonardo L.", "Stern, Merav", "Abbott, L. F.", "Fedorov, Leonid A.", "Giese, Martin A.", "Ardestani, Mohammad Hovaidi", "Faraji, Mohammad Javad", "Preuschoff, Kerstin", "Gerstner, Wulfram", "van Gendt, Margriet J.", "Briaire, Jeroen J.", "Kalkman, Randy K.", "Frijns, Johan H. M.", "Lee, Won Hee", "Frangou, Sophia", "Fulcher, Ben D.", "Tran, Patricia H. P.", "Fornito, Alex", "Gliske, Stephen V.", "Lim, Eugene", "Holman, Katherine A.", "Fink, Christian G.", "Kim, Jinseop S.", "Mu, Shang", "Briggman, Kevin L.", "Sebastian Seung, H.", "None, None", "Wegener, Detlef", "Bohnenkamp, Lisa", "Ernst, Udo A.", "Devor, Anna", "Dale, Anders M.", "Lines, Glenn T.", "Edwards, Andy", "Tveito, Aslak", "Hagen, Espen", "Senk, Johanna", "Diesmann, Markus", "Schmidt, Maximilian", "Bakker, Rembrandt", "Shen, Kelly", "Bezgin, Gleb", "Hilgetag, Claus-Christian", "van Albada, Sacha Jennifer", "Sun, Haoqi", "Sourina, Olga", "Huang, Guang-Bin", "Klanner, Felix", "Denk, Cornelia", "Glomb, Katharina", "Ponce-Alvarez, Adri\u00e1n", "Gilson, Matthieu", "Ritter, Petra", "Deco, Gustavo", "Witek, Maria A. G.", "Clarke, Eric F.", "Hansen, Mads", "Wallentin, Mikkel", "Kringelbach, Morten L.", "Vuust, Peter", "Klingbeil, Guido", "De Schutter, Erik", "Chen, Weiliang", "Zang, Yunliang", "Hong, Sungho", "Takashima, Akira", "Zamora, Criseida", "Gallimore, Andrew R.", "Goldschmidt, Dennis", "Manoonpong, Poramate", "Karoly, Philippa J.", "Freestone, Dean R.", "Soundry, Daniel", "Kuhlmann, Levin", "Paninski, Liam", "Cook, Mark", "Lee, Jaejin", "Fishman, Yonatan I.", "Cohen, Yale E.", "Roberts, James A.", "Cocchi, Luca", "Sweeney, Yann", "Lee, Soohyun", "Jung, Woo-Sung", "Kim, Youngsoo", "Jung, Younginha", "Song, Yoon-Kyu", "Chavane, Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric", "Soman, Karthik", "Muralidharan, Vignesh", "Srinivasa Chakravarthy, V.", "Shivkumar, Sabyasachi", "Mandali, Alekhya", "Pragathi Priyadharsini, B.", "Mehta, Hima", "Davey, Catherine E.", "Brinkman, Braden A. W.", "Kekona, Tyler", "Rieke, Fred", "Buice, Michael", "De Pitt\u00e0, Maurizio", "Berry, Hugues", "Brunel, Nicolas", "Breakspear, Michael", "Marsat, Gary", "Drew, Jordan", "Chapman, Phillip D.", "Daly, Kevin C.", "Bradle, Samual P.", "Seo, Sat Byul", "Su, Jianzhong", "Kavalali, Ege T.", "Blackwell, Justin", "Shiau, LieJune", "Buhry, Laure", "Basnayake, Kanishka", "Lee, Sue-Hyun", "Levy, Brandon A.", "Baker, Chris I.", "Leleu, Timoth\u00e9e", "Philips, Ryan T.", "Chhabria, Karishma" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1186/s12868-016-0283-6", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "54", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 4.3, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1471-2202", "publisher": "BioMed Central Ltd.", "sjr": 0.688, "snip": 0.824, "subject_areas": [ "Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience", "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "BMC neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2016-08-18", "selected": false, "title": "25th Annual Computational Neuroscience Meeting: CNS-2016.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The dorsal diencephalic conduction system (DDC) is an important pathway of the brain reward circuitry, linking together forebrain and midbrain structures. The present work was aimed at describing the effect of a DDC lesion on the distribution of Fos-like immunoreactivity (FLIR) following intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) of the lateral hypothalamus (LH). Rats were implanted with monopolar electrodes and divided into three groups; the first two groups were trained to self-stimulate at the LH, whereas the third group received no stimulation and served as a control. Among the two groups that were trained for ICSS, one of them received a lesion at the DDC and was tested for ICSS on the subsequent 5days. On the last day of testing, control rats were placed in operant chambers without receiving any stimulation, and the remaining rats were allowed to receive the stimulation for 1h. All rats were then processed for FLIR. As previously shown, a lesion at the DDC resulted in significant attenuations of the rewarding effectiveness of LH stimulation. Results also show a higher FLIR in several reward-related areas following LH stimulation, especially in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the stimulation electrode. Compared to non-lesioned rats, lesioned animals had lower FLIR in certain brain regions, suggesting that those regions that were activated by the rewarding stimulation may be functionally interconnected with the DDC.", "authors": [ "Fakhoury, Marc", "Voyer, David", "L\u00e9vesque, Daniel", "Rompr\u00e9, Pierre-Paul" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.08.002", "keywords": [ "@UI", "N c-Fos", "N lateral habenula", "N lateral hypothalamus", "N dorsal diencephalic conduction system", "#text" ], "number_of_pages": 12, "pages": "214-225", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.8, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1873-7544", "publisher": "Elsevier Ltd.", "sjr": 1.006, "snip": 0.846, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2016-08-08", "selected": false, "title": "Effect of electrolytic lesions of the dorsal diencephalic conduction system on the distribution of Fos-like immunoreactivity induced by rewarding electrical stimulation.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE To analyze the local field potential (LFP) of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT) of epileptic rats using the Generic Osorio-Frei algorithm (GOFA), and to determine the ability of the ANT LFP to predict clinical seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy.\nMETHODS GOFA is an advanced real-time technique used to detect and predict seizures. In this article, GOFA was utilized to process the electrical signals of ANT and the motor cortex recorded in 12 rat models of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) induced via the injection of kainic acid into the unilateral hippocampus. The electroencephalography (EEG) data included (1) 161 clinical seizures (each contained a 10-min segment) involving the ANT and cortical regions and (2) one hundred three 10-min segments of randomly selected interictal (no seizure) data.\nRESULTS Minimal false-positives (0.51 \u00b1 0.36/h) and no false-negatives were detected based on the ANT LFP data processed using GOFA. In ANT LFP, the delay from electrographic onset (EO) to automated onset (AO) was 1.24 \u00b1 0.47 s, and the delay from AO to clinical onset (CO) was 7.73 \u00b1 3.23 s. The AO time occurred significantly earlier in the ANT than in the cortex (p = 0.001). In 75.2% of the clinical onsets predicted by ANT LFP, it was 1.37 \u00b1 0.82 s ahead of the prediction of cortical potentials (CPs), and the remainder were 0.84 \u00b1 0.31 s slower than the prediction of CPs.\nSIGNIFICANCE ANT LFP appears to be an optimal option for the prediction of seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy. It was possible to upgrade the responsive neurostimulation system to emit electrical stimulation in response to the prediction of epileptic seizures based on the changes in the ANT LFP.", "authors": [ "Yang, An-Chao", "Meng, Da-Wei", "Liu, Huan-Guang", "Shi, Lin", "Zhang, Kai", "Qiao, Hui", "Yang, Lin-Chang", "Hao, Hong-Wei", "Li, Lu-Ming", "Zhang, Jian-Guo" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1111/epi.13469", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "N Anterior thalamic nucleus", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Prediction", "N Epilepsy", "N Local field potential", "N Generic Osorio-Frei algorithm" ], "number_of_pages": 1294, "pages": "1369-76", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 10.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1528-1167", "publisher": "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd", "sjr": 1.966, "snip": 1.893, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Epilepsia" }, "publication_date": "2016-08-02", "selected": false, "title": "The ability of anterior thalamic signals to predict seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy in kainate-treated rats.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND Recent research efforts have focused on the effects of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN DBS) for selected patients with mild-to-moderate PD experiencing motor complications.\nOBJECTIVES We assessed the cost utility of subthalamic DBS compared with the best medical treatment for German patients below the age of 61 with early motor complications of PD.\nMETHODS We applied a previously published Markov model that integrated health utilities based on EuroQoL and direct costs over patients' lifetime adjusted to the German health care payer perspective (year of costing: 2013). Effectiveness was evaluated using the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire 39 summary index. We performed sensitivity analyses to assess uncertainty.\nRESULTS In the base-case analysis, the incremental cost-utility ratio for STN DBS compared to best medical treatment was 22,700 Euros per quality-adjusted life year gained. The time to, and costs for, battery exchange had a major effect on the incremental cost-utility ratios, but never exceeded a threshold of 50,000 Euros per quality-adjusted life year.\nCONCLUSIONS Our decision analysis supports the fact that STN DBS at earlier stages of the disease is cost-effective in patients below the age of 61 when compared with the best medical treatment in the German health care system. This finding was supported by detailed sensitivity analyses reporting robust results. Whereas the EARLYSTIM study has shown STN DBS to be superior to medical therapy with respect to quality of life for patients with early motor complications, this further analysis has shown its cost-effectiveness. \u00a9 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.", "authors": [ "Dams, Judith", "Balzer-Geldsetzer, Monika", "Siebert, Uwe", "Deuschl, G\u00fcnther", "Schuepbach, W M Michael", "Krack, Paul", "Timmermann, Lars", "Schnitzler, Alfons", "Reese, Jens-Peter", "Dodel, Richard", "None, None" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1002/mds.26740", "keywords": [ "@UI", "N dyskinesia", "N cost-utility analysis", "N deep brain stimulation", "N early Parkinson's disease", "#text", "N Markov model" ], "number_of_pages": 1093, "pages": "1183-91", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 13.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1531-8257", "publisher": "John Wiley & Sons Inc.", "sjr": 2.602, "snip": 1.981, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society" }, "publication_date": "2016-08-01", "selected": false, "title": "Cost-effectiveness of neurostimulation in Parkinson's disease with early motor complications.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation of the posterior hypothalamic area was first introduced in 2000 to treat drug-refractory chronic cluster headache (CH).\nFINDINGS RESULTS So far, hypothalamic stimulation has been employed in 79 patients suffering from various forms of intractable short-lasting unilateral headache forms, mainly trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias. The majority were (88.6%) chronic CH, including one patient who suffered from symptomatic chronic CH-like attacks; the remaining were short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT), one had paroxysmal hemicranias and one symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia. Overall, after a mean follow up of 2.2 years, 69.6% (55) hypothalamic-stimulated patients showed a \u226550% improvement.\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS These observations need confirmation in randomised, controlled trials. A key role of the posterior hypothalamic area in the pathophysiology of unilateral short-lasting headaches, possibly by regulating the duration rather than triggering the attacks, can be hypothesised. Because of its invasiveness, hypothalamic stimulation can be proposed only after other, less-invasive, neurostimulation procedures have been tried.", "authors": [ "Leone, Massimo", "Proietti Cecchini, Alberto" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1177/0333102415607176", "keywords": [ "N hypothalamic stimulation", "N Deep brain stimulation", "N intractable", "N drug resistant", "N trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias", "D016428 Journal Article", "N trigeminal neuralgia", "N cluster headache", "N paroxysmal hemicrania", "N neurostimulation", "D016454 Review", "N SUNCT" ], "number_of_pages": 6, "pages": "1143-1148", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 10.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1468-2982", "publisher": "SAGE Publications Ltd", "sjr": 1.561, "snip": 1.551, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)" ], "title": "Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache" }, "publication_date": "2016-07-20", "selected": false, "title": "Deep brain stimulation in headache.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Essential tremor (ET) is a syndrome characterized by the presence of symmetric, moderate to high frequency postural and action tremors of the limbs. Additionally, increasing evidence indicates the occurrence of associated cerebellar features in ET patients including impaired gait and balance. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ventralis intermedius (VIM) nucleus of the thalamus has been shown to be an effective treatment for medically-refractory ET tremor but its effects on balance remain unclear with conflicting results reported. In this article, we report the effects of frequency modification in four patients with disequilibrium after DBS and review available literature regarding the effects of neurostimulation on balance in ET. Reduction in DBS frequency (10-20Hz reduction intervals) to the lowest effective settings for tremor control was conducted followed by immediate and 4-week assessment of disequilibrium. All patients reported improvement in balance ranging from mild to marked benefit on clinical global impression scale and in the posture and gait disturbance sub-scores of the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS). There was no significant difference in tremor control with DBS frequency adjustments. Our results suggest a relationship between the effects of high-frequency stimulation and disequilibrium in ET patients treated with bilateral or unilateral DBS. Additional larger, prospective studies are warranted to validate these results and discern the relationship between DBS stimulation settings and cerebellar findings in ET.", "authors": [ "Ramirez-Zamora, Adolfo", "Boggs, Hans", "Pilitsis, Julie G" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.jns.2016.06.001", "keywords": [ "N Imbalance", "N Deep brain stimulation", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Cerebellum", "N Thalamus", "D016454 Review", "N Essential tremor", "N Ataxia" ], "number_of_pages": 116, "pages": "122-7", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1878-5883", "publisher": "Elsevier", "sjr": 0.983, "snip": 1.128, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Journal of the neurological sciences" }, "publication_date": "2016-06-02", "selected": false, "title": "Reduction in DBS frequency improves balance difficulties after thalamic DBS for essential tremor.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Neurostimulation can be an alternative treatment for medically intractable epilepsy, especially when the resective surgery could not be performed. The author reported a case of 19-year-old, right-handed male patient who had a history of\u00a0intractable epilepsy for 11 years after post viral encephalitis associated with status epilepticus. Following the failure of\u00a0antiepileptic medications and then resective surgery, anterior thalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS) was performed. Indirect\u00a0targeting of anterior thalamic nuclei could not be used because of asymmetric brain shift from prior multilobar resections.\u00a0Direct targeting of anterior thalamic nuclei from MRI T1 sequence, Short Tau Inversion Recovery (STIR) sequence combined\u00a0neurophysiological mapping by microelectrode recording were used as a technique for implantation of DBS electrodes. The\u00a0stimulation was turned on with 145 Hz, pulse width 90 microseconds, 5 volts with cycling mode 1 minute \u201con\u201d and 5 minutes\u00a0\u201c0ff\u201d. The antiepileptic medications continued the same as pre-operative state. Sixty percent seizure reduction was achieved\u00a0in 24 months after surgery. There were no side effects of DBS during the follow-up period.\u00a0Anterior thalamic DBS can be performed safely with satisfactory seizure outcomes. Direct targeting of anterior\u00a0thalamic nuclei combination with microelectrode recording can be very helpful, especially when asymmetric basal ganglion structures were detected.", "authors": [ "Boongird, Atthaporn", "Boongird, Apisit", "Khongkhatithum, Chaiyos", "Thampratankul, Lunliya", "Visudtibhan, Anannit" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": null, "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "S126-9", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 0.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "0125-2208", "publisher": "Medical Association of Thailand", "sjr": 0.128, "snip": 0.088, "subject_areas": [ "Medicine (all)" ], "title": "Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet" }, "publication_date": "2016-06-01", "selected": false, "title": "Deep Brain Stimulation of Anterior Thalamic Nuclei for Intractable Epilepsy in Thailand: Case Report.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "UNLABELLED Hyperkinetic states are common in human movement disorders, but their neural basis remains uncertain. One such condition is dyskinesia, a serious adverse effect of medical and surgical treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD). To study this, we used a novel, totally implanted, bidirectional neural interface to obtain multisite long-term recordings. We focus our analysis on two patients with PD who experienced frequent dyskinesia and studied them both at rest and during voluntary movement. We show that dyskinesia is associated with a narrowband gamma oscillation in motor cortex between 60 and 90 Hz, a similar, though weaker, oscillation in subthalamic nucleus, and strong phase coherence between the two. Dyskinesia-related oscillations are minimally affected by voluntary movement. When dyskinesia persists during therapeutic deep brain stimulation (DBS), the peak frequency of this signal shifts to half the stimulation frequency. These findings suggest a circuit-level mechanism for the generation of dyskinesia as well as a promising control signal for closed-loop DBS.\nSIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Oscillations in brain networks link functionally related brain areas to accomplish thought and action, but this mechanism may be altered or exaggerated by disease states. Invasive recording using implanted electrodes provides a degree of spatial and temporal resolution that is ideal for analysis of network oscillations. Here we used a novel, totally implanted, bidirectional neural interface for chronic multisite brain recordings in humans with Parkinson's disease. We characterized an oscillation between cortex and subcortical modulators that is associated with a serious adverse effect of therapy for Parkinson's disease: dyskinesia. The work shows how a perturbation in oscillatory dynamics might lead to a state of excessive movement and also suggests a possible biomarker for feedback-controlled neurostimulation to treat hyperkinetic disorders.", "authors": [ "Swann, Nicole C", "de Hemptinne, Coralie", "Miocinovic, Svjetlana", "Qasim, Salman", "Wang, Sarah S", "Ziman, Nathan", "Ostrem, Jill L", "San Luciano, Marta", "Galifianakis, Nicholas B", "Starr, Philip A" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1128-16.2016", "keywords": [ "N Parkinson's disease", "N dyskinesia", "D016428 Journal Article", "D052061 Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N motor cortex", "N electrocorticography", "N deep brain stimulation", "N local field potentials" ], "number_of_pages": 6388, "pages": "6445-58", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 9.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1529-2401", "publisher": "Society for Neuroscience", "sjr": 2.35, "snip": 1.471, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2016-06-01", "selected": false, "title": "Gamma Oscillations in the Hyperkinetic State Detected with Chronic Human Brain Recordings in Parkinson's Disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus is an effective treatment option for Parkinson's disease. In our lab we established a protocol to screen different neurostimulation patterns in hemiparkinsonian (unilateral lesioned) rats. It consists of creating a unilateral Parkinson's lesion by injecting 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the right medial forebrain bundle, implanting chronic stimulation electrodes into the subthalamic nucleus and evaluating motor outcomes at the end of 24 hr periods of cable-bound external neurostimulation. The stimulation was conducted with constant current stimulation. The amplitude was set 20% below the individual threshold for side effects. The motor outcome evaluation was done by the assessment of spontaneous paw use in the cylinder test according to Shallert and by the assessment of skilled reaching in the staircase test according to Montoya. This protocol describes in detail the training in the staircase box, the cylinder test, as well as the use of both in hemiparkinsonian rats. The use of both tests is necessary, because the staircase test seems to be more sensitive for fine motor skill impairment and exhibits greater sensitivity to change during neurostimulation. The combination of the unilateral Parkinson model and the two behavioral tests allows the assessment of different stimulation parameters in a standardized way.", "authors": [ "Rattka, Marta", "Fluri, Felix", "Krsti\u0107, Milo\u0161", "Asan, Esther", "Volkmann, Jens" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.3791/53951", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": null, "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 2.3, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1940-087X", "publisher": "MYJoVE Corporation", "sjr": 0.454, "snip": 0.398, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)", "Chemical Engineering (all)", "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all)", "Immunology and Microbiology (all)" ], "title": "Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE" }, "publication_date": "2016-05-31", "selected": false, "title": "A Novel Approach to Assess Motor Outcome of Deep Brain Stimulation Effects in the Hemiparkinsonian Rat: Staircase and Cylinder Test.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "INTRODUCTION A novel neurostimulation system allows steering current in horizontal directions by combining segmented leads and multiple independent current control. The aim of this study was to evaluate directional DBS effects on parkinsonian motor features and adverse effects of subthalamic neurostimulation.\nMETHODS Seven PD patients implanted with the novel directional DBS system for bilateral subthalamic DBS underwent an extended monopolar review session during the first postoperative week, in which current thresholds were determined for rigidity control and stimulation-induced adverse effects using either directional or ring-mode settings.\nRESULTS Effect or adverse effect thresholds were modified by directional settings for each of the 14 STN leads. Magnitude of change varied markedly between leads, as did orientation of optimal horizontal current steering.\nCONCLUSION Directional current steering through chronically implanted segmented electrodes is feasible, alters adverse effect and efficacy thresholds in a highly individual manner, and expands the therapeutic window in a monopolar review as compared to ring-mode DBS. \u00a9 2016 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.", "authors": [ "Steigerwald, Frank", "M\u00fcller, Lorenz", "Johannes, Silvia", "Matthies, Cordula", "Volkmann, Jens" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1002/mds.26669", "keywords": [ "#text", "@UI", "N deep brain stimulation", "N Parkinson's disease" ], "number_of_pages": 1238, "pages": "1240-3", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 13.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1531-8257", "publisher": "John Wiley & Sons Inc.", "sjr": 2.602, "snip": 1.981, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society" }, "publication_date": "2016-05-31", "selected": false, "title": "Directional deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus: A pilot study using a novel neurostimulation device.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE To assess the inter-hemispheric differences in neuronal function and structure of the motor cortex in a small group of chronic stroke patients having suffered a restricted ischemic lesion affecting hand motor representation. GABAergic intracortical inhibition, known to be affected by stroke lesion, was also investigated.\nMETHODS Eight patients exhibiting little or no motor impairment were studied using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) >15months from diagnosis. Resting motor threshold (MT) for 50\u03bcV and 2mV motor evoked potentials, and short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) were measured from hand muscles. Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were analyzed from the DWI for the primary motor cortex (M1), the supplementary motor area (SMA) and thalamus for reflecting changes in neuronal organization.\nRESULTS The MTs did not differ between the affected (AH) and unaffected hemisphere (UH) in 50\u03bcV responses, while the MTs for 2mV responses were higher (p=0.018) in AH. SICI was weakened in AH (p=0.008). ADCs were higher in the affected M1 compared to the unaffected M1 (p=0.018) while there were no inter-hemispheric differences in SMA or thalamus.\nCONCLUSIONS Inter-hemispheric asymmetry and neuronal organization demonstrated abnormalities in the M1. However, no confident inference can be made whether the observed alterations in neurophysiological and imaging measures have causal role for motor rehabilitation in these patients.\nSIGNIFICANCE Neurophysiological changes persist and are detectable using TMS years after stroke even though clinical symptoms have normalized.", "authors": [ "Julkunen, Petro", "M\u00e4\u00e4tt\u00e4, Sara", "S\u00e4is\u00e4nen, Laura", "Kallioniemi, Elisa", "K\u00f6n\u00f6nen, Mervi", "J\u00e4k\u00e4l\u00e4, Pekka", "Vanninen, Ritva", "Vaalto, Selja" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.clinph.2016.05.013", "keywords": [ "N Infarction", "D016428 Journal Article", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Motor cortex", "N Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation", "N Diffusion weighted imaging", "N Stroke", "N Motor evoked potential" ], "number_of_pages": 10, "pages": "2775-2784", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1872-8952", "publisher": "Elsevier Ireland Ltd", "sjr": 1.212, "snip": 1.482, "subject_areas": [ "Physiology (medical)", "Neurology (clinical)", "Sensory Systems", "Neurology" ], "title": "Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology" }, "publication_date": "2016-05-26", "selected": false, "title": "Functional and structural cortical characteristics after restricted focal motor cortical infarction evaluated at chronic stage - Indications from a preliminary study.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is the surgical procedure of choice for patients with advanced Parkinson disease (PD). We aim to evaluate the efficacy of GPi (globus pallidus internus), STN (subthalamic nucleus)-DBS and medical therapy for PD. We conducted a systematic review and multiple-treatments meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy of neurostimulation and medical therapy for PD patients. Sixteen eligible studies were included in this analysis. We pooled the whole data and found obvious difference between GPi-DBS versus medical therapy and STN-DBS versus medical therapy in terms of UPDRS scores (Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale). Meanwhile, we found GPi-DBS had the similar efficacy on the UPDRS scores when compared with STN-DBS. What is more, quality of life, measured by PDQ-39 (Parkinson's disease Questionnaire) showed greater improvement after GPi-DBS than STN-DBS. Five studies showed STN-DBS was more effective for reduction in medication than GPi-DBS. Overall, either GPi-DBS or STN-DBS was an effective technique to control PD patients' symptoms and improved their functionality and quality of life. Meanwhile, the UPDRS scores measuring parkinsonian symptoms revealed no significant difference between GPi-DBS and STN-DBS. STN-DBS was more effective for reduction in medication than GPi-DBS. Alternatively, GPi-DBS was more effective for improving the PDQ-39 score than STN-DBS.", "authors": [ "Xie, Cheng-Long", "Shao, Bei", "Chen, Jie", "Zhou, Yi", "Lin, Shi-Yi", "Wang, Wen-Wen" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1038/srep25285", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "25285", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2045-2322", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "sjr": 0.973, "snip": 1.312, "subject_areas": [ "Human-Computer Interaction", "Neurons and Cognition", "Combinatorics", "Multidisciplinary" ], "title": "Scientific reports" }, "publication_date": "2016-05-04", "selected": false, "title": "Effects of neurostimulation for advanced Parkinson's disease patients on motor symptoms: A multiple-treatments meta-analysas of randomized controlled trials.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "UNLABELLED Rhythmic brain activity plays an important role in neural processing and behavior. Features of these oscillations, including amplitude, phase, and spectrum, can be influenced by internal states (e.g., shifts in arousal, attention or cognitive ability) or external stimulation. Electromagnetic stimulation techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, and transcranial alternating current stimulation are used increasingly in both research and clinical settings. Currently, the mechanisms whereby time-dependent external stimuli influence population-scale oscillations remain poorly understood. Here, we provide computational insights regarding the mapping between periodic pulsatile stimulation parameters such as amplitude and frequency and the response dynamics of recurrent, nonlinear spiking neural networks. Using a cortical model built of excitatory and inhibitory neurons, we explored a wide range of stimulation intensities and frequencies systematically. Our results suggest that rhythmic stimulation can form the basis of a control paradigm in which one can manipulate the intrinsic oscillatory properties of driven networks via a plurality of input-driven mechanisms. Our results show that, in addition to resonance and entrainment, nonlinear acceleration is involved in shaping the rhythmic response of our modeled network. Such nonlinear acceleration of spontaneous and synchronous oscillatory activity in a neural network occurs in regimes of intense, high-frequency rhythmic stimulation. These results open new perspectives on the manipulation of synchronous neural activity for basic and clinical research.\nSIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Oscillatory activity is widely recognized as a core mechanism for information transmission within and between brain circuits. Noninvasive stimulation methods can shape this activity, something that is increasingly capitalized upon in basic research and clinical practice. Here, we provide computational insights on the mechanistic bases for such effects. Our results show that rhythmic stimulation forms the basis of a control paradigm in which one can manipulate the intrinsic oscillatory properties of driven networks via a plurality of input-driven mechanisms. In addition to resonance and entrainment, nonlinear acceleration is involved in shaping the rhythmic response of our modeled network, particularly in regimes of high-frequency rhythmic stimulation. These results open new perspectives on the manipulation of synchronous neural activity for basic and clinical research.", "authors": [ "Herrmann, Christoph S", "Murray, Micah M", "Ionta, Silvio", "Hutt, Axel", "Lefebvre, J\u00e9r\u00e9mie" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0236-16.2016", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "N dynamics", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N stimulation", "N synchrony", "N oscillations", "N networks", "N spectrum" ], "number_of_pages": 5292, "pages": "5328-37", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 9.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1529-2401", "publisher": "Society for Neuroscience", "sjr": 2.35, "snip": 1.471, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2016-05-01", "selected": false, "title": "Shaping Intrinsic Neural Oscillations with Periodic Stimulation.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND BACKGROUND Initial subthalamic nucleus (STN) localization is based on MRI and an anatomical atlas and then refined intraoperatively using electrophysiological mapping with microelectrode recordings (IOA - intraoperative multi-unit activity) during deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson's disease (PD). IOA is time consuming and subjective. The purpose of this study was to assess the value of high frequency multi-unit background activity (MUA, frequency >500Hz), and local field potentials (LFP, frequency 5-500Hz) in detection of the STN borders.\nMETHODS METHODS This was a retrospective, single center study. 18 leads in ten PD patients that underwent STN DBS surgery were evaluated. IOA, MUA and LFP have been compared in detection of the STN. IOA using single train spikes analysis have been used as a gold standard.\nRESULTS RESULTS Both LFP in beta range (20-35Hz) and MUA increased as the microelectrode entered the STN and their increase correlated with dorsal/ventral STN borders. The differences (mean\u00b1sd) were: between IOA and MUA of the dorsal/ventral border 0.20\u00b10.76/0.28\u00b10.30mm; between IOA and LFP of the dorsal/ventral border 0.08\u00b10.94/0.05\u00b10.53mm. Using Bland-Altman statistics, only 2/36 (5.6%) differences between IOA and MUA and also 2/36 differences between IOA and LFP (one for the dorsal border and one for the ventral border) were out of \u00b11.96 SD line of measurement differences. Correlation between dorsal border/ventral border positions obtained by IOA and MUA was 0.86, p<0.000005/0.97, p<10(-11); by IOA and LFP was 0.78, p<0.00015/0.88, p<0.000001.\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS Both MUA and LFP are characteristically elevated in the STN compared to neighboring structures. They may provide fast, real-time, objective and reliable markers of STN borders.", "authors": [ "Przybyszewski, A W", "Ravin, P", "Pilitsis, J G", "Szymanski, A", "Barborica, A", "Novak, P" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.jns.2016.04.043", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "N Local field potentials", "N Microelectrode", "#text", "N Parkinson disease subthalamic nucleus", "N Multi-unit activity", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": 7, "pages": "37-43", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1878-5883", "publisher": "Elsevier", "sjr": 0.983, "snip": 1.128, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Journal of the neurological sciences" }, "publication_date": "2016-04-23", "selected": false, "title": "Multi-parametric analysis assists in STN localization in Parkinson's patients.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "We present the detailed study of the spin kinetics of the nitrogen (N) donor\nelectrons in 6H SiC wafers grown by Lely method and by sublimation \"sandwich\nmethod\" (SSM) with a donor concentration of about 10^17 cm^-3 at T = 10-40 K.\nThe donor electrons of the N donors substituting quasi-cubic \"k1\" and \"k2\"\nsites (Nk1,k2) in both types of the samples revealed the similar temperature\ndependence of the spin-lattice relaxation rate (T1^-1), which was described by\nthe direct one-phonon and two-phonon processes induced by the acoustic phonons\nproportional to T and to T^9, respectively. The character of the temperature\ndependence of the T1^-1 for the donor electrons of N substituting hexagonal\n(\"h\") site (Nh) in both types of 6H SiC samples indicates that the donor\nelectrons relax through the fast-relaxing centers by means of the\ncross-relaxation process. The observed enhancement of the phase memory\nrelaxation rate (Tm^-1) with the temperature increase for the Nh donors in both\ntypes of the samples, as well as for the Nk1,k2 donors in Lely grown 6H SiC,\nwas explained by the growth of the free electron concentration with the\ntemperature increase and their exchange scattering at the N donor centers. The\nobserved significant shortening of the phase memory relaxation time Tm for the\nNk1,k2 donors in the SSM grown sample with the temperature lowering is caused\nby hopping motion of the electrons between the occupied and unoccupied states\nof the N donors at Nh and Nk1,k2 sites. The impact of the N donor pairs,\ntriads, distant donor pairs formed in n-type 6H SiC wafers on the spin\nrelaxation times was discussed.", "authors": [ "D. Savchenko", "B. Shanina", "E. Kalabukhova", "A. Poeppl", "J. Lancok", "E. Mokhov" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "arXiv" ], "doi": "10.1063/1.4945438", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": null, "publication": { "category": "Preprint", "cite_score": null, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": null, "publisher": null, "sjr": null, "snip": null, "subject_areas": [ "Materials Science" ], "title": "Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 119(13), 135706 (2016)" }, "publication_date": "2016-04-11", "selected": false, "title": "The spin relaxation of nitrogen donors in 6H SiC crystals as studied by the electron spin echo method", "urls": [ "http://arxiv.org/pdf/1604.02920v1", "http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4945438", "http://arxiv.org/abs/1604.02920v1" ] }, { "abstract": "Global theta phase synchronization between the frontal and sensory areas has been suggested to connect the relevant areas for executive processes of working memory (WM). However, little is known regarding network directionality (i.e. top-down or bottom-up) of this interaction. To address the issue, the present study conducted transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-electroencephalography (EEG) experiment during WM tasks. Results showed that TMS-induced increases in theta phase synchronization were observed only when TMS was delivered to the sensory areas but not the frontal area. These findings suggest that network directionality represented in WM is bottom-up rather than top-down. \u00c2\u00a9 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.", "authors": [ "Miyauchi, Eri", "Kitajo, Keiichi", "Kawasaki, Masahiro" ], "categories": null, "citations": 11, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.neulet.2016.04.008", "keywords": [ "N Synchronization", "D016428 Journal Article", "N TMS", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Theta", "N Working memory", "N EEG" ], "number_of_pages": 7, "pages": "10-14", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1872-7972", "publisher": "Elsevier Ireland Ltd", "sjr": 0.802, "snip": 0.777, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Neuroscience letters" }, "publication_date": "2016-04-07", "selected": false, "title": "TMS-induced theta phase synchrony reveals a bottom-up network in working memory.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84963984786&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "It has been suggested that food craving-an intense desire to consume a specific food (particularly foods high in sugar and fat)-can lead to obesity. This behavior has also been associated with abuse of other substances, such as drugs. Both drugs and food cause dependence by acting on brain circuitry involved in reward, motivation, and decision-making processes. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) can be activated following evocation and is implicated in alterations in food behavior and craving. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a noninvasive brain stimulation technique capable of modulates brain activity significantly, has emerged as a promising treatment to inhibit craving. This technique is considered safe and inexpensive; however, there is scant research using animal models. Such studies could help elucidate the behavioral and molecular mechanisms of eating disorders, including food craving. The aim of our study was to evaluate palatable food consumption in rats receiving tDCS treatment (anode right/cathode left). Eighteen adult male Wistar rats were randomized by weight and divided into three groups (n\u00a0=\u00a06/group): control, with no stimulation; sham, receiving daily 30\u00a0s tDCS (500\u00a0\u03bcA) sessions for 8 consecutive days; and tDCS, receiving daily 20\u00a0min tDCS (500\u00a0\u03bcA) sessions for 8 consecutive days. All rats were evaluated for locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior. A palatable food consumption test was performed at baseline and on treatment completion (24\u00a0h after the last tDCS session) under fasting and feeding conditions and showed that tDCS decreased food craving, thus corroborating human studies. This result confirms the important role of the prefrontal cortex in food behavior, which can be modulated by noninvasive brain stimulation.", "authors": [ "Macedo, I C", "de Oliveira, C", "Vercelino, R", "Souza, A", "Laste, G", "Medeiros, L F", "Scarabelot, V L", "Nunes, E A", "Kuo, J", "Fregni, F", "Caumo, W", "Torres, I L S" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.appet.2016.03.014", "keywords": [ "N Palatable food", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Transcranial direct current stimulation", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Prefrontal cortex", "N Craving" ], "number_of_pages": 9, "pages": "29-37", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 8.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1095-8304", "publisher": "Academic Press Inc.", "sjr": 1.187, "snip": 1.569, "subject_areas": [ "Nutrition and Dietetics", "Psychology (all)" ], "title": "Appetite" }, "publication_date": "2016-03-10", "selected": false, "title": "Repeated transcranial direct current stimulation reduces food craving in Wistar rats.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment for the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the mechanisms of action of DBS are unknown. Random temporal patterns of DBS are less effective than regular DBS, but the neuronal basis for this dependence on temporal pattern of stimulation is unclear. Using a rat model of PD, we quantified the changes in behavior and single-unit activity in globus pallidus externa and substantia nigra pars reticulata during high-frequency STN DBS with different degrees of irregularity. Although all stimulus trains had the same average rate, 130-Hz regular DBS more effectively reversed motor symptoms, including circling and akinesia, than 130-Hz irregular DBS. A mixture of excitatory and inhibitory neuronal responses was present during all stimulation patterns, and mean firing rate did not change during DBS. Low-frequency (7-10 Hz) oscillations of single-unit firing times present in hemiparkinsonian rats were suppressed by regular DBS, and neuronal firing patterns were entrained to 130 Hz. Irregular patterns of DBS less effectively suppressed 7- to 10-Hz oscillations and did not regularize firing patterns. Random DBS resulted in a larger proportion of neuron pairs with increased coherence at 7-10 Hz compared with regular 130-Hz DBS, which suggested that long pauses (interpulse interval >50 ms) during random DBS facilitated abnormal low-frequency oscillations in the basal ganglia. These results suggest that the efficacy of high-frequency DBS stems from its ability to regularize patterns of neuronal firing and thereby suppress abnormal oscillatory neural activity within the basal ganglia.", "authors": [ "McConnell, George C", "So, Rosa Q", "Grill, Warren M" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1152/jn.00822.2015", "keywords": [ "N subthalamic nucleus", "N Parkinson's disease", "D016428 Journal Article", "D052061 Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N substantia nigra pars reticulata", "N globus pallidus externa", "N deep brain stimulation" ], "number_of_pages": 1990, "pages": "2791-802", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1522-1598", "publisher": "American Physiological Society", "sjr": 1.067, "snip": 0.974, "subject_areas": [ "Physiology", "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Journal of neurophysiology" }, "publication_date": "2016-03-09", "selected": false, "title": "Failure to suppress low-frequency neuronal oscillatory activity underlies the reduced effectiveness of random patterns of deep brain stimulation.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND Seizure control is one of the ultimate aims of epileptology: here acute and prolonged effects of closed loop high-frequency stimulation of the somatosensory cortex on the expression of spontaneously occurring spike-wave discharges (SWD) were investigated in a genetic absence model. Effects of closed loop stimulation in the experimental group were compared with a yoked control group allowing to investigate the effect of timing related to SWD occurrence, while controlling for amount and intensity of stimulation.\nMETHODS METHODS WAG/Rij rats were implanted with stimulation electrodes in the deep layers of the somatosensory cortex, and recording electrodes in the cortex and thalamus. Closed-loop and yoked stimulation (1 sec trains, biphasic 0.4 msec pulses, 130 Hz) sessions lasted 24h. The stimulation sessions were preceded and followed by baseline and post stimulation 24-h recordings.\nRESULTS RESULTS Closed-loop stimulation interrupted SWD and duration of SWD was shortened. Both types of stimulation resulted in a reduction in SWD number during stimulation sessions. Closed-loop stimulation also resulted in less SWD during the last eight hours of the post-stimulation recording session. Sometimes yoked stimulation induced low-frequency afterdischarges.\nDISCUSSION CONCLUSIONS SWD can be aborted by closed-loop stimulation of the somatosensory cortex, and at the same time the number of SWD was reduced. It can be regarded as a relatively safe neuromodulatory technique without habituation. The reduction of SWD during yoked stimulation session might be caused by 3 Hz afterdischarges. The reduction of SWD on the stimulation and post-stimulation sessions demonstrates the critical relevance of timing for the induction of longer lasting neuromodulatory effects: it suggests that absence seizures themselves might be involved in their reoccurrence.", "authors": [ "van Heukelum, S", "Kelderhuis, J", "Janssen, P", "van Luijtelaar, G", "L\u00fcttjohann, A" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.02.070", "keywords": [ "N neuroplasticity", "@UI", "N WAG/Rij rats", "N yoked control stimulation", "N deep brain stimulation", "N somatosensory cortex", "N spike-wave discharges", "#text" ], "number_of_pages": 11, "pages": "191-201", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.8, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1873-7544", "publisher": "Elsevier Ltd.", "sjr": 1.006, "snip": 0.846, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2016-03-08", "selected": false, "title": "Timing of high-frequency cortical stimulation in a genetic absence model.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The amplitude of motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) varies from trial-to-trial. Synchronous oscillations in cortical neuronal excitability contribute to this variability, however it is not known how different frequencies of stimulation influence MEP variability, and whether these oscillations are rhythmic or aperiodic. We stimulated the motor cortex with TMS at different regular (i.e. rhythmic) rates, and compared this with pseudo-random (aperiodic) timing. In 18 subjects, TMS was applied at three regular frequencies (0.05 Hz, 0.2 Hz, 1 Hz) and one aperiodic frequency (mean 0.2 Hz). MEPs (n = 50) were recorded from three intrinsic hand muscles of the left hand with different functional and anatomical relations. MEP amplitude correlation was highest for the functionally related muscle pair, less for the anatomically related muscle pair and least for the functionally-and anatomically-unrelated muscle pair. MEP correlations were greatest with 1 Hz, and least for stimulation at 0.05 Hz. Corticospinal neuron synchrony is higher with shorter TMS intervals. Further, corticospinal neuron synchrony is similar irrespective of whether the stimulation is periodic or aperiodic. These findings suggest TMS frequency is a crucial consideration for studies using TMS to probe correlated activity between muscle pairs. \u00c2\u00a9 2016 Sale, Rogasch and Nordstrom.", "authors": [ "Sale, Martin V", "Rogasch, Nigel C", "Nordstrom, Michael A" ], "categories": null, "citations": 5, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.3389/fnhum.2016.00100", "keywords": [ "N abductor digiti minimi", "N first dorsal interosseous", "N motor cortex", "#text", "N motor-evoked potential", "N transcranial magnetic stimulation", "N cortical oscillations", "N abductor pollicis brevis", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "100", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 4.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1662-5161", "publisher": "Frontiers Media S.A.", "sjr": 0.787, "snip": 1.033, "subject_areas": [ "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Neurology", "Biological Psychiatry", "Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology", "Behavioral Neuroscience" ], "title": "Frontiers in human neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2016-03-07", "selected": false, "title": "Different Stimulation Frequencies Alter Synchronous Fluctuations in Motor Evoked Potential Amplitude of Intrinsic Hand Muscles-a TMS Study.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84961711942&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Electrical stimulation in the treatment of epilepsy has been tried in numerous forms and with a variety of targets. Some of these, such as anterior thalamic stimulation, responsive cortical stimulation, and vagal nerve stimulation, have shown promise. A relatively novel concept, that of white matter stimulation, offers a different mechanism in that a small population of stimulated axons can transmit current to a large population of epileptogenic neurons. In theory, this allows for the modulation of seizure circuits and neural networks using lower stimulation volumes. Although clinical data is currently sparse, we review the relevant studies pertaining to white matter stimulation in epilepsy thus far, and offer explanations as to its effects, potential advantages, and utility.", "authors": [ "Girgis, Fady", "Miller, Jonathan P" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.seizure.2016.02.004", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "D016454 Review", "N Neurostimulation", "N Neuromodulation", "N Epilepsy", "N White matter stimulation" ], "number_of_pages": 4, "pages": "28-31", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.3, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1532-2688", "publisher": "W.B. Saunders Ltd", "sjr": 0.868, "snip": 1.126, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Seizure" }, "publication_date": "2016-02-19", "selected": false, "title": "White matter stimulation for the treatment of epilepsy.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The normal organization and plasticity of the cutaneous core of the thalamic principal somatosensory nucleus (ventral caudal, Vc) have been studied by single-neuron recordings and microstimulation in patients undergoing awake stereotactic operations for essential tremor (ET) without apparent somatic sensory abnormality and in patients with dystonia or chronic pain secondary to major nervous system injury. In patients with ET, most Vc neurons responded to one of the four stimuli, each of which optimally activates one mechanoreceptor type. Sensations evoked by microstimulation were similar to those evoked by the optimal stimulus only among rapidly adapting neurons. In patients with ET, Vc was highly segmented somatotopically, and vibration, movement, pressure, and sharp sensations were usually evoked by microstimulation at separate sites in Vc. In patients with conditions including spinal cord transection, amputation, or dystonia, RFs were mismatched with projected fields more commonly than in patients with ET. The representation of the border of the anesthetic area (e.g., stump) or of the dystonic limb was much larger than that of the same part of the body in patients with ET. This review describes the organization and reorganization of human Vc neuronal activity in nervous system injury and dystonia and then proposes basic mechanisms.", "authors": [ "Schmid, Anne-Christine", "Chien, Jui-Hong", "Greenspan, Joel D", "Garonzik, Ira", "Weiss, Nirit", "Ohara, Shinji", "Lenz, Frederick Arthur" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1152/jn.00611.2015", "keywords": [ "N neurophysiology", "N dystonia", "D016428 Journal Article", "N spinal transection", "N amputation", "D052061 Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "D016454 Review", "N ventral posterior thalamus", "N single neuron recordings" ], "number_of_pages": 2389, "pages": "2421-33", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1522-1598", "publisher": "American Physiological Society", "sjr": 1.067, "snip": 0.974, "subject_areas": [ "Physiology", "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Journal of neurophysiology" }, "publication_date": "2016-02-10", "selected": false, "title": "Neuronal responses to tactile stimuli and tactile sensations evoked by microstimulation in the human thalamic principal somatic sensory nucleus (ventral caudal).", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The switch between automatic action selection and more controlled forms of decision-making is a dynamic process thought to involve both cortical and subcortical structures. During sensory conflict, medial pFC oscillations in the theta band (<8 Hz) drive those of the subthalamic nucleus (STN), and this is thought to increase the threshold of evidence needed for one competing response to be selected over another. Here, we were interested in testing whether STN activity is also altered by the rate at which evidence is presented during a congruent dot motion task absent of any explicit sensory conflict. By having a series of randomly moving dots gradually transform to congruent motion at three different rates (slow, medium, fast), we were able to show that a slower rate increased the time it took participants to make a response but did not alter the total amount of evidence that was integrated before the response. Notably, this resulted in a decision being made with a lower amount of instantaneous evidence during the slow and medium trials. Consistent with the idea that medial pFC-STN activity is involved in executing cognitive control, the higher levels of ambiguity during these trials were associated with increased theta band synchrony between the cortex and the STN, with the cortical oscillations Granger-causal to those of the STN. These results further confirm the involvement of the STN in decision-making and suggest that the disruption of this network may underlie some of the unwanted cognitive deficits associated with STN deep brain stimulation.", "authors": [ "Zavala, Baltazar", "Tan, Huiling", "Little, Simon", "Ashkan, Keyoumars", "Green, Alexander L", "Aziz, Tipu", "Foltynie, Thomas", "Zrinzo, Ludvic", "Zaghloul, Kareem", "Brown, Peter" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1162/jocn_a_00934", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 787, "pages": "811-25", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 4.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1530-8898", "publisher": "MIT Press Journals", "sjr": 1.311, "snip": 0.953, "subject_areas": [ "Cognitive Neuroscience" ], "title": "Journal of cognitive neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2016-02-04", "selected": false, "title": "Decisions Made with Less Evidence Involve Higher Levels of Corticosubthalamic Nucleus Theta Band Synchrony.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Mammalian sleep emerges from attenuated activity in the ascending reticular arousal system (ARAS), the main arousal network of the brain. This system originates in the brainstem and activates the thalamus and cortex during wakefulness via a well-characterized 'bottom-up' pathway. Recent studies propose that a less investigated cortico-thalamic 'top-down' pathway also regulates sleep. The present work integrates the current evidence on sleep regulation with a focus on the 'top-down' pathway and explores the potential to translate this information into clinically relevant interventions. Specifically, we elaborate the concept that arousal and sleep continuity in humans can be modulated by non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques that increase or decrease cortical excitability. Based on preclinical studies, the modulatory effects of the stimulation are thought to extend to subcortical arousal networks. Further exploration of the 'top-down' regulation of sleep and its modulation through non-invasive brain stimulation techniques may contribute to the development of novel treatments for clinical conditions of disrupted arousal and sleep, which are among the major health problems worldwide.", "authors": [ "Krone, Lukas", "Frase, Lukas", "Piosczyk, Hannah", "Selhausen, Peter", "Zittel, Sulamith", "Jahn, Friederike", "Kuhn, Marion", "Feige, Bernd", "Mainberger, Florian", "Kl\u00f6ppel, Stefan", "Riemann, Dieter", "Spiegelhalder, Kai", "Baglioni, Chiara", "Sterr, Annette", "Nissen, Christoph" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.smrv.2015.12.005", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "N Transcranial direct current stimulation", "N Thalamus", "N Sleep", "N Brain stimulation", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Cortico-thalamic feedback", "N Cortex", "D016454 Review", "N Arousal", "N Sleep continuity" ], "number_of_pages": 8, "pages": "17-24", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 17.2, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1532-2955", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "sjr": 3.053, "snip": 3.505, "subject_areas": [ "Physiology (medical)", "Neurology (clinical)", "Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine", "Neurology" ], "title": "Sleep medicine reviews" }, "publication_date": "2016-01-14", "selected": false, "title": "Top-down control of arousal and sleep: Fundamentals and clinical implications.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "UNLABELLED Noninvasive brain stimulation studies have shown abnormal motor cortical plasticity in Parkinson's disease (PD). These studies used peripheral nerve stimulation paired with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to primary motor cortex (M1) at specific intervals to induce plasticity. Induction of cortical plasticity through stimulation of the basal ganglia (BG)-M1 connections has not been studied. In the present study, we used a novel technique of plasticity induction by repeated pairing of deep-brain stimulation (DBS) of the BG with M1 stimulation using TMS. We hypothesize that repeated pairing of subthalamic nucleus (STN)-DBS and M1-TMS at specific time intervals will lead to plasticity in the M1. Ten PD human patients with STN-DBS were studied in the on-medication state with DBS set to 3 Hz. The interstimulus intervals (ISIs) between STN-DBS and TMS that produced cortical facilitation were determined individually for each patient. Three plasticity induction conditions with repeated pairings (180 times) at specific ISIs (\u223c 3 and \u223c 23 ms) that produced cortical facilitation and a control ISI of 167 ms were tested in random order. Repeated pairing of STN-DBS and M1-TMS at short (\u223c 3 ms) and medium (\u223c 23 ms) latencies increased M1 excitability that lasted for at least 45 min, whereas the control condition (fixed ISI of 167 ms) had no effect. There were no specific changes in motor thresholds, intracortical circuits, or recruitment curves. Our results indicate that paired-associative cortical plasticity can be induced by repeated STN and M1 stimulation at specific intervals. These results show that STN-DBS can modulate cortical plasticity.\nSIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT CONCLUSIONS We introduced a new experimental paradigm to test the hypothesis that pairing subthalamic nucleus deep-brain stimulation (STN-DBS) with motor cortical transcranial magnetic stimulation (M1-TMS) at specific times can induce cortical plasticity in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). We found that repeated pairing of STN-DBS with TMS at short (\u223c 3 ms) and medium (\u223c 23 ms) intervals increased cortical excitability that lasted for up to 45 min, whereas the control condition (fixed latency of 167 ms) had no effects on cortical excitability. This is the first demonstration of associative plasticity in the STN-M1 circuits in PD patients using this novel technique. The potential therapeutic effects of combining DBS and noninvasive cortical stimulation should be investigated further.", "authors": [ "Udupa, Kaviraja", "Bahl, Nina", "Ni, Zhen", "Gunraj, Carolyn", "Mazzella, Filomena", "Moro, Elena", "Hodaie, Mojgan", "Lozano, Andres M", "Lang, Anthony E", "Chen, Robert" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2499-15.2016", "keywords": [ "N subthalamic nucleus", "N deep-brain stimulation", "D016428 Journal Article", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N transcranial magnetic stimulation", "N motor cortical plasticity", "N intracortical circuits", "N hyperdirect pathway" ], "number_of_pages": 9, "pages": "396-404", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 9.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1529-2401", "publisher": "Society for Neuroscience", "sjr": 2.35, "snip": 1.471, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2016-01-01", "selected": false, "title": "Cortical Plasticity Induction by Pairing Subthalamic Nucleus Deep-Brain Stimulation and Primary Motor Cortical Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of bilateral electrical stimulation (ES) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) after preceding pallidotomy or ventrolateral (VL) thalamotomy.\nMATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 9 patients with bilateral STN ES who had undergone previous unilateral destructive surgery on the subcortical structures: pallidotomy (5 patients) and VL thalamotomy (4). A control group consisted of 9 patients with STN ES, without prior destructive surgery. A clinical and neurological examination included quantitative assessment of motor disturbances using the Hoehn-Yahr scale and Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS). UPDRS was used to evaluate the motor activity (IIIrd part of the scale) and severity of drug-induced dyskinesia and motor fluctuations (IVth part of the scale).\nRESULTS In the group of STN ES with preceding destruction of the subcortical structures, an improvement in motor functions in the early period (6 months) was 45%, and severity of drug-induced complications was decreased by 75%. In a group of STN DBS without destruction, motor disturbances were improved by 61%, and drug-induced complications were decreased by 77%. Improvement in motor functions amounted to 51.9% in patients with preceding pallidotomy (GPi destruction) and 37.5% in a group with preceding VL thalamotomy. The equivalent dose of levodopa was reduced by 51.39%, from 1,008\u00b1346 to 490\u00b1194, in the study group and by 55.04%, from 963\u00b196 to 433\u00b1160, in the control group.\nCONCLUSION Bilateral STN neurostimulation is effective after unilateral stereotaxic destruction of the subcortical structures in PD patients.", "authors": [ "Khabarova, E A", "Denisova, N P", "Rogov, D Yu", "Dmitriev, A B" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.17116/neiro201680636-41", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 6, "pages": "36-41", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 0.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "0042-8817", "publisher": "Media Sphera Publishing House", "sjr": 0.144, "snip": 0.342, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "Zhurnal voprosy neirokhirurgii imeni N. N. Burdenko" }, "publication_date": "2016-01-01", "selected": false, "title": "The preliminary results of subthalamic nucleus stimulation after destructive surgery in Parkinson's disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Previous studies have shown that - if both positions exist in a company - CDOs and CIOs tend to share their tasks and responsibilities and, accordingly, closely interact during the digital transformation of their firms. How exactly this interaction looks like, however, has not yet been investigated in more detail. Our study aims at filling this gap by providing a better understanding of how CDOs and CIOs coordinate their tasks and responsibilities. We investigate how aspects such as a shared understanding regarding the digital transformation of their firms and the existence of a transactive memory system (TMS) influence the CDO-CIO dyad. In order to generate in-depth insights into how CDOs and CIOs collaborate, we adopt a multiple case study approach across companies and industries and are currently in the process of data collection and analysis. Our emergent findings provide first insights into how a fruitful collaboration can look like. We believe that the final results of this study will offer firms guidance on specific actions they can take in order to positively influence the collaboration between CDOs and CIOs during the digital transformation.", "authors": [ "Horlacher, A." ], "categories": null, "citations": 22, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus" ], "doi": null, "keywords": [ "Chief information officer", "Digital transformation", "Shared understanding", "Chief digital officer", "Transactive memory system" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": null, "publication": { "category": "Conference Proceedings", "cite_score": null, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": null, "publisher": null, "sjr": null, "snip": null, "subject_areas": [], "title": "24th European Conference on Information Systems, ECIS 2016" }, "publication_date": "2016-01-01", "selected": false, "title": "Co-creating value - The dyadic CDO-CIO relationship during the digital transformation", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84995794117&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "The present review elucidated the use of optical imaging technique (Near-Infrared Spectroscopy, NIRS) to better explain the brain plasticity for learning mechanisms, rehabilitation and post-traumatic brain recovery. Some recent applications were discussed, with specific focus on the usability of integrated measures (such as electroencephalography, EEG-NIRS; Transcranial Magnet Stimulation, TMS-NIRS) to study plasticity and its dynamic effects. NIRS-Neurofeedback and NIRS-BCI (Brain Computer Interface) were also explored as possible tools to produce a specific long-lasting learning in relationship with a specific cognitive domain. Finally a proficient domain where NIRS was found to be useful to test neuroplasticity is the interpersonal brain-tobrain coupling, termed \"hyperscanning\", a new emerging paradigm in neuroscience which measures brain activity from two or more people simultaneously.", "authors": [ "Balconi, M." ], "categories": null, "citations": 2, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus" ], "doi": "10.7358/neur-2016-019-balc", "keywords": [ "Rehabilitation", "NIRS", "Hyperconnection", "Brain plasticity" ], "number_of_pages": 12, "pages": "71-82", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 0.8, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1970321X", "publisher": "LED Edizioni Universitarie", "sjr": 0.149, "snip": 0.24, "subject_areas": [ "Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience", "Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology" ], "title": "Neuropsychological Trends" }, "publication_date": "2016-01-01", "selected": false, "title": "Brain plasticity and rehabilitation by using near-infrared spectroscopy", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84964317918&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "A 0.13 \u00ce\u00bcm CMOS system on a chip (SoC) for 64 channel neuroelectrical monitoring and responsive neurostimulation is presented. The direct-coupled chopper-stabilized neural recording front end rejects up to \u00c2\u00b150 mV input dc offset using an in-channel digitally assisted feedback loop. It yields a compact 0.018 mm2 integration area and 4.2 \u00ce\u00bcVrms integrated inputreferred noise over 1 Hz to 1 kHz frequency range. A multiplying specific absorption rate (SAR) ADC in each channel calibrates channel-To-channel gain mismatch. A multicore low-power DSP performs synchrony-based neurological event detection and triggers a subset of 64 programmable current-mode stimulators for subsequent neuromodulation. Triple-band FSK/ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless transmitters communicate to receivers located at 10 cm to 10 m distance from the SoC with data rates from 1.2 to 45 Mbps. An inductive link that operates at 1.5 MHz, provides power and is also used to communicate commands to an on-chip ASK receiver. The chip occupies 16 mm2 while consuming 2.17 and 5.8 mW with UWB and FSK transmitters, respectively. Efficacy of the SoC is assessed using a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy characterized by spontaneous seizures. It exhibits an average seizure detection sensitivity and specificity of 87% and 95%, respectively, with over 78% of all seizures aborted. \u00c2\u00a9 1966-2012 IEEE.", "authors": [ "Hossein Kassiri", "Arezu Bagheri", "Nima Soltani", "Karim Abdelhalim", "Hamed Mazhab Jafari", "M. Tariqus Salam", "Jose Luis Perez Velazquez", "Roman Genov" ], "categories": null, "citations": 79, "comments": null, "databases": [ "IEEE", "Scopus" ], "doi": "10.1109/JSSC.2016.2528999", "keywords": [ "closed-loop system on a chip (SoC)", "neural stimulation", "batteryless implant", "epileptic seizure detection", "brain monitoring", "inductive powering", "neural recording", "closed loop", "digitally assisted feedback", "multiplying ADC (MADC)", "Analog multiplication", "diagnostics", "SoC", "dc-coupled front end", "digital calibration", "interactable", "implantable wireless SoC", "chronic in vivo experiments", "multiband radio", "phase synchronization" ], "number_of_pages": 16, "pages": "1274-1289", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 11.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1558-173X", "publisher": "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.", "sjr": 3.043, "snip": 2.794, "subject_areas": [ "Electrical and Electronic Engineering" ], "title": "IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits" }, "publication_date": "2016-01-01", "selected": false, "title": "Battery-less Tri-band-Radio Neuro-monitor and Responsive Neurostimulator for Diagnostics and Treatment of Neurological Disorders", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84977952432&origin=inward", "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=7433928" ] }, { "abstract": "The timing of personal movement with respect to external events has previously been investigated using a synchronized finger-tapping task with a sequence of auditory or visual stimuli. While visuomotor synchronization is more accurate with moving stimuli than with stationary stimuli, it remains unclear whether the same principle holds true in the auditory domain. Although the right inferior-superior parietal lobe (IPL/SPL), a center of auditory motion processing, is expected to be involved in auditory-motor synchronization with moving sounds, its functional relevance has not yet been investigated. The aim of the present study was thus to clarify whether horizontal auditory motion affects the accuracy of finger-tapping synchronized with sounds, as well as whether the application of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to the right IPL/SPL affects this. Nineteen healthy right-handed participants performed a task in which tapping was synchronized with both stationary sounds and sounds that created apparent horizontal motion. This task was performed before and during anodal, cathodal and sham tDCS application to the right IPL/SPL in separate sessions. The time difference between the onset of the sounds and tapping was larger with apparently moving sounds than with stationary sounds. Cathodal tDCS decreased this difference, anodal tDCS increased the variance of the difference and sham stimulation had no effect. These results supported the hypothesis that auditory motion disturbs efficient auditory-motor synchronization and that the right IPL/SPL plays an important role in tapping in synchrony with moving sounds via auditory motion processing. Using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), we investigated whether auditory motion affects auditory-motor synchronization and whether the right IPL/SPL is associated with synchronized tapping with moving sounds. The accuracy of tapping with moving sounds was less precise than with stationary sounds but the application of cathodal tDCS to the right IPL/SPL improved the accuracy significantly, suggesting the contribution of these areas to the auditory motion processing. \u00c2\u00a9 2016 Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.", "authors": [ "Ono, Kentaro", "Mikami, Yusuke", "Fukuyama, Hidenao", "Mima, Tatsuya" ], "categories": null, "citations": 5, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1111/ejn.13135", "keywords": [ "N auditory motion", "#text", "N tapping", "N transcranial direct current stimulation", "@UI", "N auditory-motor synchronization" ], "number_of_pages": 495, "pages": "509-515", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.3, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1460-9568", "publisher": "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd", "sjr": 1.044, "snip": 0.891, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "The European journal of neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2015-12-28", "selected": false, "title": "Motion-induced disturbance of auditory-motor synchronization and its modulation by transcranial direct current stimulation.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84958104867&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "In this paper we will discuss on how electronically linked Brain to Computer Interface(BCI) and Computer to Brain Interface(CBI) can be used to develop Brain to Brain Interface(BBI). In this system, non-invasive technology is deployed to achieve conscious Brain to Brain(B2B) communication. At BCI site, data is transmitted using ElectroEncephaloGraphy (EEG) a non-invasive method to record electrical activity of the brain along the scalp. At CBI site Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) or Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) again a non-invasive method used to stimulate small regions of the brain is used to receive the data. From the proposed system, it allows information transfer between brains to do away with language or can send thoughts from one brain to another brain in a way not represented by sounds or words. Connecting brains with computers as well as other brains is profoundly important as it will change human society in future communication technology.", "authors": [ "RaviKumar K M", "Manjunatha Siddappa" ], "categories": null, "citations": 1, "comments": null, "databases": [ "IEEE" ], "doi": "10.1109/ERECT.2015.7499019", "keywords": [ "Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)", "Computer to Brain Interface(CBI)", "Brain to Computer Interface(BCI)", "ElectroEncephaloGraphy (EEG)", "Brain to Brain(B2B)" ], "number_of_pages": 5, "pages": "235-239", "publication": { "category": "Conference Proceedings", "cite_score": null, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": "978-1-4673-9563-2", "issn": null, "publisher": "IEEE", "sjr": null, "snip": null, "subject_areas": [], "title": "2015 International Conference on Emerging Research in Electronics, Computer Science and Technology (ICERECT)" }, "publication_date": "2015-12-17", "selected": false, "title": "Electronically linked Brain to Brain communication in humans using non-invasive technologies", "urls": [ "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=7499019" ] }, { "abstract": "Neuromodulation is one of the most developing new disciplines of medical science, which examines how electrical, chemical and mechanical interventions can modulate or change the functioning of the central and peripheral nervous system. Neuromodulation is a reversible form of therapy which uses electrical or mechanical stimulation or centrally-delivered drugs to modulate the abnormal function of the central nervous system in pain, spasticity, epilepsy, movement and psychiatric disorders, and certain cardiac, incontinency, visual and auditory diseases. Neuromodulation therapy has two major branches. Non-invasive neuromodulation includes transcranial magnetic simulation, direct current stimulation and transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation. Invasive neuromodulation includes deep brain stimulation, cortical stimulation, spinal cord stimulation, peripheral nerve stimulation, sacral nerve simulation, and subcutan stimulation. In this article the authors overview the apparently available neural interface technologies in epilepsy surgery.", "authors": [ "Er\u0151ss, Lor\u00e1nd", "Entz, L\u00e1szl\u00f3", "Fab\u00f3, D\u00e1niel" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1556/650.2015.30319", "keywords": [ "D004740 English Abstract", "N spinal cord stimulation", "N epilepsy", "N responsive neurostimulation", "N gerincvel\u0151i ingerl\u00e9s", "D016428 Journal Article", "N epilepszia", "D016454 Review", "N reszponz\u00edv neurostimul\u00e1ci\u00f3", "N neuromodulation", "N vagal nerve stimulation", "N neuromodul\u00e1ci\u00f3", "N m\u00e9ly agyi stimul\u00e1ci\u00f3", "N vagusideg-stimul\u00e1ci\u00f3", "N deep brain stimulation" ], "number_of_pages": 2095, "pages": "2103-9", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 1.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "0030-6002", "publisher": "Akademiai Kiado", "sjr": 0.182, "snip": 0.29, "subject_areas": [ "Medicine (all)" ], "title": "Orvosi hetilap" }, "publication_date": "2015-12-01", "selected": false, "title": "[Invasive neuromodulation in the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsies].", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Epilepsy affects 50 million people worldwide and about 30% of these patients will not be adequately controlled with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) alone. For patients where resective surgery is not indicated, deep brain stimulation (DBS) may be an effective alternative. The majority of available literature targets the thalamic nuclei (anterior; centromedian), subthalamic nucleus, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Here, we review patient outcomes and adverse events related to DBS to these various targets. Data show DBS may be a safe and effective treatment option for refractory epilepsy.", "authors": [ "Klinger, Neil V", "Mittal, Sandeep" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.clineuro.2015.11.009", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "N Epilepsy surgery", "N Brain stimulation", "D016454 Review", "N Responsive direct neurostimulation", "N Castatrophic epilepsy", "N Medically-refractory epilepsy", "N Seizures" ], "number_of_pages": 15, "pages": "11-25", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.2, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1872-6968", "publisher": "Elsevier", "sjr": 0.538, "snip": 0.785, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "Clinical neurology and neurosurgery" }, "publication_date": "2015-11-14", "selected": false, "title": "Clinical efficacy of deep brain stimulation for the treatment of medically refractory epilepsy.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The concept of a rat-robot was initially introduced in 2002, bringing to the field, a novel area of research using modern research into neuroscience and robotics. This paper brings to the table, a study into the method best used for navigation systems in a rat-robot. Current research is epitomized by the use of reward-based spatial navigation, combining the concept of an induced reward sensation as well as a 'virtual touch' sensation to control the movement of the rat-robot. However, such methods are plagued by limitations affecting the success rate as well as preparation procedures which may have varying effects on different rats, even under similar conditions. Hence, this paper studies the stimulation of two different portions of the brain to induce a turning motion within the rat, namely the Ventral Posteromedial (VPM) thalamic nucleus as well as the Barrel-Field (BF) cortex and demonstrates the preferential usage of VPM as the choice use of navigational control in a rat-robot.", "authors": [ "Xu, Kedi", "Zhang, Jiacheng", "Zhou, Hong", "Lee, Ji Chao Tristan", "Zheng, Xiaoxiang" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.bbr.2015.11.002", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "N Ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Rat-robot", "N Turning behavior control" ], "number_of_pages": 144, "pages": "150-7", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.2, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1872-7549", "publisher": "Elsevier", "sjr": 0.881, "snip": 0.802, "subject_areas": [ "Behavioral Neuroscience" ], "title": "Behavioural brain research" }, "publication_date": "2015-11-11", "selected": false, "title": "A novel turning behavior control method for rat-robot through the stimulation of ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to report on four patients with craniocervical dystonia (CCD) treated with deep brain stimulation (DBS). In addition, we investigated the treatment efficacy and surgical outcome predictors by the review and analysis of previously published studies.\nMETHODS METHODS Four patients with CCD underwent DBS of the globus pallidus internus (Gpi) or subthalamus nucleus (STN). PubMed and MEDLINE searches were performed to obtain detailed information on patients who underwent DBS for CCD. The primary efficacy endpoint was the change in the Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (movement and disability scores, BFMDRS-M/D) after surgery.\nRESULTS RESULTS Seventy-five patients were included in the pooled analysis, including 69 patients with Gpi-DBS and 6 patients with STN-DBS. The mean follow-up of time was 28.0 months after surgery. The mean BFMDRS-M score was 24.5 \u00b1 11.2 preoperatively and 8.1 \u00b1 5.7 postoperatively at the final follow-up evaluation, with a mean improvement of 66.9% (p < 0.001). The mean BFMDRS-D score was 8.1 \u00b1 4.6 preoperatively and 3.6 \u00b1 2.5 postoperatively, with a mean percentage improvement of 56.0% (p < 0.01). Positive correlations were found between each of the preoperative movement and disability scores and percentage of postoperative improvement (r = 0.247, p = 0.034; r = 0.331, p = 0.034, respectively).\nCONCLUSION CONCLUSIONS GPi/STN-DBS is an effective treatment for patients with medically refractory CCD, including those with severe preoperative symptoms. The age at CCD onset and the disease duration do not predict improvement in movement scores.", "authors": [ "Wang, Xiu", "Zhang, Chao", "Wang, Yao", "Liu, Chang", "Zhao, Baotian", "Zhang, Jian-Guo", "Hu, Wenhan", "Shao, Xiaoqiu", "Zhang, Kai" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1111/ner.12345", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "D016454 Review", "N Meige syndrome", "N Craniocervical dystonia", "N treatment outcome", "N deep brain stimulation" ], "number_of_pages": 6, "pages": "818-823", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1525-1403", "publisher": "International Neuromodulation Society", "sjr": 0.827, "snip": 1.208, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology", "Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine" ], "title": "Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society" }, "publication_date": "2015-09-24", "selected": false, "title": "Deep Brain Stimulation for Craniocervical Dystonia (Meige Syndrome): A Report of Four Patients and a Literature-Based Analysis of Its Treatment Effects.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "We present, to our knowledge, the first demonstration that a non-invasive brain-to-brain interface (BBI) can be used to allow one human to guess what is on the mind of another human through an interactive question-and-answering paradigm similar to the \"20 Questions\" game. As in previous non-invasive BBI studies in humans, our interface uses electroencephalography (EEG) to detect specific patterns of brain activity from one participant (the \"respondent\"), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to deliver functionally-relevant information to the brain of a second participant (the \"inquirer\"). Our results extend previous BBI research by (1) using stimulation of the visual cortex to convey visual stimuli that are privately experienced and consciously perceived by the inquirer; (2) exploiting real-time rather than off-line communication of information from one brain to another; and (3) employing an interactive task, in which the inquirer and respondent must exchange information bi-directionally to collaboratively solve the task. The results demonstrate that using the BBI, ten participants (five inquirer-respondent pairs) can successfully identify a \"mystery item\" using a true/false question-answering protocol similar to the \"20 Questions\" game, with high levels of accuracy that are significantly greater than a control condition in which participants were connected through a sham BBI. \u00c2\u00a9 2015 Stocco et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.", "authors": [ "Stocco, Andrea", "Prat, Chantel S", "Losey, Darby M", "Cronin, Jeneva A", "Wu, Joseph", "Abernethy, Justin A", "Rao, Rajesh P N" ], "categories": null, "citations": 30, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0137303", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "e0137303", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1932-6203", "publisher": "Public Library of Science", "sjr": 0.885, "snip": 1.253, "subject_areas": [ "Multidisciplinary" ], "title": "PloS one" }, "publication_date": "2015-09-23", "selected": false, "title": "Playing 20 Questions with the Mind: Collaborative Problem Solving by Humans Using a Brain-to-Brain Interface.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84946962540&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Parkinsons disease is a complex neurodegenerative disorder for which patients present many symptoms, tremor being the main one. In advanced stages of the disease, Deep Brain Stimulation is a generalized therapy which can significantly improve the motor symptoms. However despite its beneficial effects on treating the symptomatology, the technique can be improved. One of its main limitations is that the parameters are fixed, and the stimulation is provided uninterruptedly, not taking into account any fluctuation in the patients state. A closed-loop system which provides stimulation by demand would adjust the stimulation to the variations in the state of the patient, stimulating only when it is necessary. It would not only perform a more intelligent stimulation, capable of adapting to the changes in real time, but also extending the devices battery life, thereby avoiding surgical interventions. In this work we design a tool that learns to recognize the principal symptom of Parkinsons disease and particularly the tremor. The goal of the designed system is to detect the moments the patient is suffering from a tremor episode and consequently to decide whether stimulation is needed or not. For that, local field potentials were recorded in the subthalamic nucleus of ten Parkinsonian patients, who were diagnosed with tremor-dominant Parkinsons disease and who underwent surgery for the implantation of a neurostimulator. Electromyographic activity in the forearm was simultaneously recorded, and the relation between both signals was evaluated using two different synchronization measures. The results of evaluating the synchronization indexes on each moment represent the inputs to the designed system. Finally, a fuzzy inference system was applied with the goal of identifying tremor episodes. Results are favourable, reaching accuracies of higher 98.7% in 70% of the patients.", "authors": [ "Camara, Carmen", "Warwick, Kevin", "Bru\u00f1a, Ricardo", "Aziz, Tipu", "del Pozo, Francisco", "Maest\u00fa, Fernando" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1007/s10916-015-0328-x", "keywords": [ "N Parkinson\u2019s disease", "N Mutual information", "N Deep brain stimulation", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Fuzzy logic", "N Bicoherence", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "155", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 11.8, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1573-689X", "publisher": "Springer New York", "sjr": 0.914, "snip": 1.529, "subject_areas": [ "Information Systems", "Medicine (miscellaneous)", "Health Informatics", "Health Information Management" ], "title": "Journal of medical systems" }, "publication_date": "2015-09-18", "selected": false, "title": "A Fuzzy Inference System for Closed-Loop Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND BACKGROUND Computational models of deep brain stimulation (DBS) have played a key role in understanding its physiological mechanisms. By estimating a volume of tissue directly modulated by DBS, one can relate the neuronal pathways within those volumes to the therapeutic efficacy of a particular DBS setting.\nNEW METHOD METHODS A spherical statistical framework is described to quantify and determine salient features of such morphologies using visualization techniques, empirical shape analysis, and formal hypothesis testing. This framework is shown using a 3D model of thalamocortical neurons surrounding a radially-segmented DBS array.\nRESULTS RESULTS We show that neuronal population volumes modulated by various DBS electrode configurations can be characterized by parametric distribution models, such as Kent and Watson girdle models. Distribution parameters were found to change with stimulus settings, including amplitude and radial distance from the DBS array. Increasing stimulation amplitude through a single electrode resulted in more diffuse neuronal activation and increased rotational symmetry about the mean direction of the activated population. When stimulation amplitude was held constant, the activated neuronal population distribution was more concentrated with distance from the DBS array and was also more rotationally asymmetric. We also show how data representation (e.g. stimulus-entrained cell body vs. axon node) can significantly alter model distribution shape.\nCOMPARISON TO EXISTING METHODS METHODS This statistical framework provides a quantitative method to analyze the spatial morphologies of DBS-induced effects on neuronal activity.\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS The application of spherical statistics to assess spatial distributions of neuronal activity has potential usefulness for numerous other recording, labeling, and stimulation modalities.", "authors": [ "Xiao, YiZi", "Johnson, Matthew D" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.08.001", "keywords": [ "N Computational modeling", "N Electrode array", "N DBS", "D016428 Journal Article", "D052061 Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "N Current steering", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Spherical statistics", "N Deep brain simulation" ], "number_of_pages": 14, "pages": "52-65", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1872-678X", "publisher": "Elsevier", "sjr": 0.791, "snip": 0.87, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Journal of neuroscience methods" }, "publication_date": "2015-08-11", "selected": false, "title": "Spherical statistics for characterizing the spatial distribution of deep brain stimulation effects on neuronal activity.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND BACKGROUND Stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT) is effective in seizure reduction, but the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of ANT stimulation are unclear.\nOBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE To assess the beneficial effects of ANT stimulation on hippocampal neurons of epileptic monkeys.\nMETHODS METHODS Chronic ANT stimulation was applied to kainic acid-induced epileptic monkeys. Behavioral seizures were continuously monitored. Immunohistochemical staining and western blot assays were performed to assess the hippocampal injury and the effects of ANT stimulation.\nRESULTS RESULTS The frequency of seizures was 42.8% lower in the stimulation group compared with the sham-stimulation group. Immunohistochemical staining and western blot analyses indicated that neuronal loss and apoptosis were less severe and that neurofilament synthesis was enhanced in the stimulation monkeys compared with the sham-stimulation group. These data showed that the hippocampal injury was less severe in monkeys in the stimulation group than in those in the sham-stimulation group.\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that chronic ANT stimulation may exert protective effects on hippocampal neurons and boost the regeneration of neuronal fibers. These effects may be closely related to the mechanisms of ANT stimulation in epilepsy treatment.", "authors": [ "Yang, An-Chao", "Shi, Lin", "Li, Lu-Ming", "Li, Jun-Ju", "Jiang, Yin", "Meng, Da-Wei", "Zhu, Guan-Yu", "Chen, Ying-Chuan", "Lu, De-Hong", "Zhang, Jian-Guo" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.brs.2015.07.041", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "N Rhesus monkey", "D016428 Journal Article", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Neuronal injury", "N Anterior nucleus of the thalamus", "N Epilepsy" ], "number_of_pages": 993, "pages": "1049-57", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 12.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1876-4754", "publisher": "Elsevier Inc.", "sjr": 2.184, "snip": 1.816, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Biophysics", "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Brain stimulation" }, "publication_date": "2015-08-01", "selected": false, "title": "Potential Protective Effects of Chronic Anterior Thalamic Nucleus Stimulation on Hippocampal Neurons in Epileptic Monkeys.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Treatments for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) could be enhanced if the physiological changes engendered by treatment were known. This study examined neural correlates of a provocation task in youth with OCD, before and after sham-controlled repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). We hypothesized that rTMS to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex would inhibit activity in cortico-striato-thalamic (CST) circuits associated with OCD to a greater extent than sham rTMS. After baseline (Time 1) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a provocation task, subjects received one session of either fMRI-guided sham (SG; n=8) or active (AG; n=10) 1-Hz rTMS over the rDLPFC for 30min. During rTMS, subjects were presented with personalized images that evoked OCD-related anxiety. Following stimulation, fMRI and the provocation task were repeated (Time 2). Contrary to our prediction for the provocation task, the AG was associated with no changes in BOLD response from Times 1 to 2. In contrast, the SG had a significant increase at Time 2 in BOLD response in the right inferior frontal gyrus and right putamen, which persisted after adjusting for age, gender, and time to scanner as covariates. This study provides an initial framework for TMS interrogation of the CST circuit in pediatric OCD.", "authors": [ "Pedapati, Ernest", "DiFrancesco, Mark", "Wu, Steve", "Giovanetti, Cathy", "Nash, Tiffany", "Mantovani, Antonio", "Ammerman, Robert", "Harris, Elana" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.07.020", "keywords": [ "N Neuronavigation", "N Transcranial magnetic stimulation", "N Symptom provocation", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Obsessive compulsive disorder", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "D016449 Randomized Controlled Trial", "N Provocation task" ], "number_of_pages": 394, "pages": "466-73", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 13.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1872-7123", "publisher": "Elsevier Ireland Ltd", "sjr": 2.139, "snip": 2.134, "subject_areas": [ "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Biological Psychiatry" ], "title": "Psychiatry research" }, "publication_date": "2015-07-14", "selected": false, "title": "Neural correlates associated with symptom provocation in pediatric obsessive compulsive disorder after a single session of sham-controlled repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The therapeutic management of cluster headache is based on a very stable triad of drugs. Acute treatment has, in subcutaneous sumatriptan, its gold standard if compared to pure oxygen or indomethacin. Preventative treatment is based on verapamil at high doses (\u00e2\u0089\u00a5 360 mg) and is a gold standard if compared to lithium carbonate or topiramate. Transitional treatments, based on the short-term use of corticosteroids with either systemic or local administration (GON), can be useful for the suppression of most resistant cluster periods, but with a well-known carry-over phenomenon related to the length of the cluster period itself. The role of invasive or noninvasive neuromodulation approaches must still be determined on a large scale; therefore, its use is not recommended as of yet. Lifestyle changes, including alcohol avoidance during the active phase of the disease, sleep hygiene and use of vasodilation drugs, should be carefully considered and the patients should be fully informed. \u00c2\u00a9 2015 Informa UK, Ltd.", "authors": [ "Martelletti, P." ], "categories": null, "citations": 12, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus" ], "doi": "10.1517/14656566.2015.1052741", "keywords": [ "Cluster headache", "GON block", "Neurostimulation", "Corticosteroids", "Oxygen", "Sumatriptan", "Verapamil" ], "number_of_pages": 5, "pages": "1411-1415", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "14656566", "publisher": "Taylor and Francis Ltd.", "sjr": 0.702, "snip": 0.845, "subject_areas": [ "Pharmacology", "Pharmacology (medical)" ], "title": "Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy" }, "publication_date": "2015-07-01", "selected": false, "title": "Cluster headache management and beyond", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84933555701&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Executive control and flexible adjustment of behavior following errors are essential to adaptive functioning. Loss of adaptive control may be a biomarker of a wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly in the schizophrenia spectrum. Here, we provide support for the view that oscillatory activity in the frontal cortex underlies adaptive adjustments in cognitive processing following errors. Compared with healthy subjects, patients with schizophrenia exhibited low frequency oscillations with abnormal temporal structure and an absence of synchrony over medial-frontal and lateral-prefrontal cortex following errors. To demonstrate that these abnormal oscillations were the origin of the impaired adaptive control in patients with schizophrenia, we applied noninvasive dc electrical stimulation over the medial-frontal cortex. This noninvasive stimulation descrambled the phase of the low-frequency neural oscillations that synchronize activity across cortical regions. Following stimulation, the behavioral index of adaptive control was improved such that patients were indistinguishable from healthy control subjects. These results provide unique causal evidence for theories of executive control and cortical dysconnectivity in schizophrenia.", "authors": [ "Reinhart, Robert M G", "Zhu, Julia", "Park, Sohee", "Woodman, Geoffrey F" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1504196112", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "N schizophrenia", "D052061 Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N oscillations", "N neural synchrony", "N transcranial direct current stimulation", "N adaptive control" ], "number_of_pages": 9396, "pages": "9448-53", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 19.2, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1091-6490", "publisher": "National Academy of Sciences", "sjr": 4.026, "snip": 2.765, "subject_areas": [ "Multidisciplinary" ], "title": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America" }, "publication_date": "2015-06-29", "selected": false, "title": "Synchronizing theta oscillations with direct-current stimulation strengthens adaptive control in the human brain.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND Recent studies have demonstrated that cortical brain areas tend to oscillate at a specific natural frequency when directly perturbed by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Fast electroencephalographic (EEG) oscillations, which typically originate from frontal regions, have been reported to be markedly reduced in schizophrenia.\nMETHODS METHODS Here we employed TMS/EEG to assess the natural frequency of the premotor area in a sample of 48 age-matched participants (12 each in major depression disorder (MDD)), bipolar disorder (BPD), schizophrenia (SCZ) and healthy controls. Event related spectral perturbations (ERSP) were obtained for each study participant using wavelet decomposition.\nRESULTS RESULTS TMS resulted in a significant activation of the beta/gamma band response (21-50 Hz) to frontal cortical perturbation in healthy control subjects. By contrast, the main frequencies of frontal EEG responses to TMS were significantly reduced in patients with BPD, MDD and SCZ (11-27 Hz) relative to healthy subjects.\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS Patients with bipolar disorder, major depression and schizophrenia showed a significantly lower natural frequency of frontal cortico-thalamocortical circuits compared to healthy controls. These results suggest a common neurobiological mechanism of corticothalamic impairment. The most likely candidates include dysfunction of GABAergic circuits.\nLIMITATIONS CONCLUSIONS Further studies are needed to consider other biological markers, gene variants, and their interaction with clinical variables.", "authors": [ "Canali, Paola", "Sarasso, Simone", "Rosanova, Mario", "Casarotto, Silvia", "Sferrazza-Papa, Giovanna", "Gosseries, Olivia", "Fecchio, Matteo", "Massimini, Marcello", "Mariotti, Maurizio", "Cavallaro, Roberto", "Smeraldi, Enrico", "Colombo, Cristina", "Benedetti, Francesco" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.jad.2015.05.043", "keywords": [ "N Gamma oscillations", "N Neuropsychiatric disorders", "N GABAergic circuits", "#text", "N TMS/EEG", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": 107, "pages": "111-5", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 9.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1573-2517", "publisher": "Elsevier", "sjr": 1.988, "snip": 1.877, "subject_areas": [ "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Clinical Psychology" ], "title": "Journal of affective disorders" }, "publication_date": "2015-06-03", "selected": false, "title": "Shared reduction of oscillatory natural frequencies in bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder and schizophrenia.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established surgical therapy for medically refractory tremor disorders including essential tremor (ET) and is currently under investigation for use in a variety of other neurologic and psychiatric disorders. There is growing evidence that the anti-tremor effects of DBS for ET are directly related to modulation of the dentatorubrothalamic tract (DRT), a white matter pathway that connects the cerebellum, red nucleus, and ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus. Emerging white matter targets for DBS, like the DRT, will require improved three-dimensional (3D) reference maps of deep brain anatomy and structural connectivity for accurate electrode targeting. High-resolution diffusion MRI of postmortem brain specimens can provide detailed volumetric images of important deep brain nuclei and 3D reconstructions of white matter pathways with probabilistic tractography techniques. We present a high spatial and angular resolution diffusion MRI template of the postmortem human brainstem and thalamus with 3D reconstructions of the nuclei and white matter tracts involved in ET circuitry. We demonstrate registration of these data to in vivo, clinical images from patients receiving DBS therapy, and correlate electrode proximity to tractography of the DRT with improvement of ET symptoms.", "authors": [ "Calabrese, Evan", "Hickey, Patrick", "Hulette, Christine", "Zhang, Jingxian", "Parente, Beth", "Lad, Shivanand P", "Johnson, G Allan" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1002/hbm.22836", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "N brainstem", "D052061 Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "N thalamus", "N magnetic resonance imaging", "N tractography", "N deep brain stimulation" ], "number_of_pages": 3090, "pages": "3167-78", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 9.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1097-0193", "publisher": "Wiley-Liss Inc.", "sjr": 1.688, "snip": 1.395, "subject_areas": [ "Radiological and Ultrasound Technology", "Anatomy", "Neurology", "Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging", "Neurology (clinical)" ], "title": "Human brain mapping" }, "publication_date": "2015-06-03", "selected": false, "title": "Postmortem diffusion MRI of the human brainstem and thalamus for deep brain stimulator electrode localization.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Synchrony among the senses lies at the heart of our possession of a unified conscious perception of the world. However, due to discrepancies in physical and neural information processing from different senses, the brain accommodates a limited range of temporal asynchronies between sensory inputs, i.e. the multisensory temporal binding window (TBW). Using non-invasive brain stimulation, we sought to modulate the audio-visual TBW and to identify cortical areas implicated in the conscious perception of multisensory synchrony. Participants performed a simultaneity judgment task while experiencing anodal (Experiment 1) or cathodal (Experiment 2) transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over parietal and frontal regions. The results demonstrate that stimulating the right posterior parietal cortex significantly reduces the audio-visual TBW by approximately 30%, thereby causally linking this region to the plasticity of the TBW. This highlights a potential interventional technique for populations with a wider TBW, such as in autism and dyslexia. \u00c2\u00a9 2015 Elsevier Inc.", "authors": [ "Zmigrod, Sharon", "Zmigrod, Leor" ], "categories": null, "citations": 15, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.concog.2015.05.012", "keywords": [ "N tDCS", "N Brain stimulation", "N Multisensory temporal binding window", "#text", "N Multisensory integration", "N Posterior parietal cortex", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": 135, "pages": "143-149", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 4.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1090-2376", "publisher": "Academic Press Inc.", "sjr": 0.933, "snip": 1.159, "subject_areas": [ "Developmental and Educational Psychology", "Experimental and Cognitive Psychology" ], "title": "Consciousness and cognition" }, "publication_date": "2015-05-29", "selected": false, "title": "Zapping the gap: Reducing the multisensory temporal binding window by means of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS).", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84930620431&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "The frontal eye field (FEF) is a brain region involved in several processes relevant for visual performance, including visuo-spatial attention, conscious access and decision-making. Prior research has causally demonstrated that high-beta FEF activity in the right hemisphere enhances conscious visual perception, an outcome that is in agreement with evidence of neural synchronization along a right dorsal fronto-parietal network during attentional orienting and a right-hemisphere dominance for visuospatial processing. Nonetheless, frontal regions in the left hemisphere have also been shown to modulate perceptual performance. To causally explore the neural basis of these modulations, we delivered high-beta frequency-specific bursts of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to the left FEF and report that, in this region, these patterns failed to modulate conscious perception. In contrast, non-frequency-specific TMS patterns yielded visual performance improvements similar to those formerly causally associated to the induction of high-beta activity on its right-hemisphere homotopic area. This noise-induced facilitation of conscious vision suggests a relevant role of the left frontal cortex in visual perception. Furthermore, taken together with prior causal right-FEF evidence, our study indicates that frontal regions of each hemisphere employ different coding strategies to modulate conscious perception. \u00c2\u00a9 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.", "authors": [ "Chanes, Lorena", "Quentin, Romain", "Vernet, Marine", "Valero-Cabr\u00e9, Antoni" ], "categories": null, "citations": 10, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.cortex.2015.05.016", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "N Rhythmic frontal activity", "N Noise", "N Synchrony", "N Interhemispheric differences", "D052061 Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Visual performance", "N Rhythmic noninvasive brain stimulation", "N Left frontal eye field", "N Neural coding strategies", "N Frontal oscillations" ], "number_of_pages": 234, "pages": "240-247", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1973-8102", "publisher": "Masson SpA", "sjr": 1.303, "snip": 1.241, "subject_areas": [ "Cognitive Neuroscience", "Experimental and Cognitive Psychology", "Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology" ], "title": "Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior" }, "publication_date": "2015-05-27", "selected": false, "title": "Arrhythmic activity in the left frontal eye field facilitates conscious visual perception in humans.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84938701848&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Background Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) customarily uses high-field electromagnets to achieve therapeutic efficacy in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Low-field magnetic stimulation also may be useful for treatment of MDD, with fewer treatment-emergent adverse events. Objective/Hypothesis To examine efficacy, safety, and tolerability of low-field magnetic stimulation synchronized to an individual's alpha frequency (IAF) (synchronized TMS, or sTMS) for treatment of MDD. Methods Six-week double-blind sham-controlled treatment trial of a novel device that used three rotating neodymium magnets to deliver sTMS treatment. IAF was determined from a single-channel EEG prior to first treatment. Subjects had baseline 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HamD17) \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u0080\u00b0\u00c2\u00a5 17. Results 202 subjects comprised the intent-to-treat (ITT) sample, and 120 subjects completed treatment per-protocol (PP). There was no difference in efficacy between active and sham in the ITT sample. Subjects in the PP sample (N = 59), however, had significantly greater mean decrease in HamD17 than sham (N = 60) (-9.00 vs. -6.56, P = 0.033). PP subjects with a history of poor response or intolerance to medication showed greater improvement with sTMS than did treatment-na\u00c3\u00afve subjects (-8.58 vs. -4.25, P = 0.017). Efficacy in the PP sample reflects exclusion of subjects who received fewer than 80% of scheduled treatments or were inadvertently treated at the incorrect IAF; these subgroups failed to separate from sham. There was no difference in adverse events between sTMS and sham, and no serious adverse events attributable to sTMS. Conclusions Results suggest that sTMS may be effective, safe, and well tolerated for treating MDD when administered as intended. \u00c2\u00a9 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.", "authors": [ "Leuchter, Andrew F", "Cook, Ian A", "Feifel, David", "Goethe, John W", "Husain, Mustafa", "Carpenter, Linda L", "Thase, Michael E", "Krystal, Andrew D", "Philip, Noah S", "Bhati, Mahendra T", "Burke, William J", "Howland, Robert H", "Sheline, Yvette I", "Aaronson, Scott T", "Iosifescu, Dan V", "O'Reardon, John P", "Gilmer, William S", "Jain, Rakesh", "Burgoyne, Karl S", "Phillips, Bill", "Manberg, Paul J", "Massaro, Joseph", "Hunter, Aimee M", "Lisanby, Sarah H", "George, Mark S" ], "categories": null, "citations": 76, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.brs.2015.05.005", "keywords": [ "N Low-intensity magnetic field", "N Oscillatory synchrony", "N Synchronized Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (sTMS)", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Alpha oscillations", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "D016449 Randomized Controlled Trial", "N Major Depressive Disorder", "N Neuromodulation", "N Individual Alpha Frequency (IAF)", "D016448 Multicenter Study", "N Static magnet", "N Electroencephalogram (EEG)", "N Clinical treatment trial" ], "number_of_pages": 694, "pages": "787-794", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 12.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1876-4754", "publisher": "Elsevier Inc.", "sjr": 2.184, "snip": 1.816, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Biophysics", "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Brain stimulation" }, "publication_date": "2015-05-22", "selected": false, "title": "Efficacy and Safety of Low-field Synchronized Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (sTMS) for Treatment of Major Depression.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84937389590&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Mesocortical dopamine connectivity continues to mature during adolescence. This protracted development confers increased vulnerability for environmental and genetic factors to disrupt mesocortical wiring and subsequently influence responses to drugs of abuse in adulthood. The netrin-1 receptor, DCC, orchestrates medial prefrontal cortex dopamine input during adolescence and dictates the functional organization of local circuitry. Haploinsufficiency of dcc results in increased dopamine innervation to the medial prefrontal cortex, which in turn leads to resilience against the behavioral activating effects of stimulant drugs. However, whether sensitivity to the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse is also altered in dcc haploinsufficiency remains to be resolved. Here, we used the curve-shift method to measure cocaine-induced facilitation of intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) in adult dcc haploinsufficient mice and wild-type littermates. We found that dcc haploinsufficient mice acquire ICSS behavior at comparable stimulation parameters to wild-type controls. However, cocaine-induced potentiation of ICSS is significantly blunted in dcc haploinsufficient mice. These results are consistent with decreased sensitivity to the rewarding effects of cocaine and/or decreased proclivity to invest effort in the pursuit of reward in dcc haploinsufficient mice. Moreover, these findings suggest that DCC signaling determines adult susceptibility to drug abuse most likely by controlling prefrontal cortex development in adolescence.", "authors": [ "Reynolds, Lauren M", "Gifuni, Anthony J", "McCrea, E Tess", "Shizgal, Peter", "Flores, Cecilia" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.bbr.2015.05.020", "keywords": [ "N Resilience", "N Guidance cues", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Netrin-1", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Stimulant drugs", "N Adolescent development", "N Addiction" ], "number_of_pages": 5, "pages": "27-31", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.2, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1872-7549", "publisher": "Elsevier", "sjr": 0.881, "snip": 0.802, "subject_areas": [ "Behavioral Neuroscience" ], "title": "Behavioural brain research" }, "publication_date": "2015-05-22", "selected": false, "title": "dcc Haploinsufficiency results in blunted sensitivity to cocaine enhancement of reward seeking.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic, severe mental illness with up to 2-3% prevalence worldwide. In fact, OCD has been classified as one of the world's 10 leading causes of illness-related disability according to the World Health Organization, largely because of the chronic nature of disabling symptoms.([1]) Despite the severity and high prevalence of this chronic and disabling disorder, there is still relatively limited understanding of its pathophysiology. However, this is now rapidly changing due to development of powerful technologies that can be used to dissect the neural circuits underlying pathologic behaviors. In this article, we describe recent technical advances that have allowed neuroscientists to start identifying the circuits underlying complex repetitive behaviors using animal model systems. In addition, we review current surgical and stimulation-based treatments for OCD that target circuit dysfunction. Finally, we discuss how findings from animal models may be applied in the clinical arena to help inform and refine targeted brain stimulation-based treatment approaches.", "authors": [ "Ahmari, Susanne E", "Dougherty, Darin D" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1002/da.22367", "keywords": [ "N transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)", "N deep brain stimulation (DBS)", "D016428 Journal Article", "N anxiety", "D016454 Review", "N orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)", "N optogenetics", "N ventral striatum", "N prefrontal cortex", "N basal ganglia", "N obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)", "N cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits" ], "number_of_pages": 489, "pages": "550-62", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 12.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1520-6394", "publisher": "Hindawi Limited", "sjr": 2.572, "snip": 2.336, "subject_areas": [ "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Clinical Psychology" ], "title": "Depression and anxiety" }, "publication_date": "2015-05-07", "selected": false, "title": "DISSECTING OCD CIRCUITS: FROM ANIMAL MODELS TO TARGETED TREATMENTS.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND BACKGROUND Recent clinical and preclinical studies have suggested that deep brain stimulation (DBS) can be used as a tool to enhance cognitive functions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of DBS at three separate targets in the Papez circuit, including the anterior nucleus of thalamus (ANT), the entorhinal cortex (EC), and the fornix (FX), on cognitive behaviors in an Alzheimer's disease (AD) rat model.\nMETHODS METHODS Forty-eight rats were subjected to an intrahippocampal injection of amyloid peptides 1-42 to induce an AD model. Rats were divided into six groups: DBS and sham DBS groups of ANT, EC, and FX. Spatial learning and memory were assessed by the Morris water maze (MWM). Recognition memory was investigated by the novel object recognition memory test (NORM). Locomotor and anxiety-related behaviors were detected by the open field test (OF). By using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), behavior differences between the six groups were analyzed.\nRESULTS RESULTS In the MWM, the ANT, EC, and FX DBS groups performed differently in terms of the time spent in the platform zone (F(2,23) = 6.04, P < 0.01), the frequency of platform crossing (F(2,23) = 11.53, P < 0.001), and the percent time spent within the platform quadrant (F(2,23) = 6.29, P < 0.01). In the NORM, the EC and FX DBS groups spent more time with the novel object, although the ANT DBS group did not (F(2,23) = 10.03, P < 0.001). In the OF, all of the groups showed a similar total distance moved (F (1,42) = 1.14, P = 0.29) and relative time spent in the center (F(2,42) = 0.56, P = 0.58).\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that DBS of the EC and FX facilitated hippocampus-dependent spatial memory more prominently than ANT DBS. In addition, hippocampus-independent recognition memory was enhanced by EC and FX DBS. None of the targets showed side-effects of anxiety or locomotor behaviors.", "authors": [ "Zhang, Chao", "Hu, Wen-Han", "Wu, De-Long", "Zhang, Kai", "Zhang, Jian-Guo" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.4103/0366-6999.156114", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 1186, "pages": "1190-5", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2542-5641", "publisher": "Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications", "sjr": 0.69, "snip": 0.786, "subject_areas": [ "Medicine (all)" ], "title": "Chinese medical journal" }, "publication_date": "2015-05-01", "selected": false, "title": "Behavioral effects of deep brain stimulation of the anterior nucleus of thalamus, entorhinal cortex and fornix in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "High frequency subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) improves the cardinal motor signs of Parkinson's disease (PD) and attenuates STN alpha/beta band neural synchrony in a voltage-dependent manner. While there is a growing interest in the behavioral effects of lower frequency (60 Hz) DBS, little is known about its effect on STN neural synchrony. Here we demonstrate for the first time that during intra-operative 60 Hz STN DBS, one or more bands of resting state neural synchrony were amplified in the STN in PD. We recorded intra-operative STN resting state local field potentials (LFPs) from twenty-eight STNs in seventeen PD subjects after placement of the DBS lead (model 3389, Medtronic, Inc.) before and during three randomized neurostimulation sets (130 Hz/1.35V, 130 Hz/2V, 60 Hz/2V). During 130 Hz/2V DBS, baseline (no DBS) STN alpha (8 - 12 Hz) and beta (13 - 35 Hz) band power decreased (N=14, P < 0.001 for both), whereas during 60 Hz/2V DBS, alpha band and peak frequency power increased (P = 0.012, P = 0.007, respectively). The effect of 60 Hz/2V DBS opposed that of power-equivalent (130 Hz/1.35V) DBS (alpha: P < 0.001, beta: P = 0.006). These results show that intra-operative 60 Hz STN DBS amplified whereas 130 Hz STN DBS attenuated resting state neural synchrony in PD; the effects were frequency-specific.We demonstrate that neurostimulation may be useful as a tool to selectively modulate resting state resonant bands of neural synchrony and to investigate its influence on motor and non-motor behaviors in PD and other neuropsychiatric diseases. \u00c2\u00a9 2015 Blumenfeld et al.", "authors": [ "Blumenfeld, Zack", "Velisar, Anca", "Miller Koop, Mandy", "Hill, Bruce C", "Shreve, Lauren A", "Quinn, Emma J", "Kilbane, Camilla", "Yu, Hong", "Henderson, Jaimie M", "Bront\u00eb-Stewart, Helen" ], "categories": null, "citations": 19, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0121067", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "e0121067", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1932-6203", "publisher": "Public Library of Science", "sjr": 0.885, "snip": 1.253, "subject_areas": [ "Multidisciplinary" ], "title": "PloS one" }, "publication_date": "2015-03-25", "selected": false, "title": "Sixty hertz neurostimulation amplifies subthalamic neural synchrony in Parkinson's disease.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84961291939&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation of subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) for Parkinson's disease allows for a reduction in medication dosage. Changes in total levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD) have been frequently reported, there is little information about changes within the drug classes.\nMETHODS METHODS We retrospectively assessed the changes in antiparkinsonian drugs dosages in 150 patients from one center who had preoperative and postoperative evaluations at 6 months and 3 years. Two long term subgroups with postoperative follow-up till the 5th-6th year (n\u00a0=\u00a058) and 10th year (n\u00a0=\u00a015) were included.\nRESULTS RESULTS The major modifications in medication dosage occurred during the initial postoperative period. LEDD was reduced by 53.4% compared to baseline at 6 months and 47.9% at 3 years. Fifty six percent and 41.3% of the patients were on monotherapy, 9.3% on no medication at 6 months and 6.7% at 3 years post surgery. Patients on levodopa, or dopamine agonists showed similar reductions. At the 3rd year the oldest group of patients showed a significant decrease in dopamine agonists. The number of patients treated with amantadine was significantly reduced; however the number of patients treated with antidepressants was significantly increased over the first 3 years. Annual medication costs per patient were decreased after the DBS-STN implantation by 61.3% at 6 months and 55.4% at 3 years.\nCONCLUSION CONCLUSIONS STN-DBS allows for a reduction in the dosage of medication and the costs are similarly reduced. In this cohort different medication groups were reduced to a similar extent. Patients' demographic factors did not play a major role in the selection of treatment.", "authors": [ "Alexoudi, Athanasia", "Shalash, Ali", "Knudsen, Karina", "Witt, Karsten", "Mehdorn, Maximilian", "Volkmann, Jens", "Deuschl, G\u00fcnther" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.03.003", "keywords": [ "N Parkinson's disease", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Medication", "N Subthalamic nucleus", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Neurostimulation", "N Medication costs" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "555-60; discussion 555", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1873-5126", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "sjr": 1.05, "snip": 1.19, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Geriatrics and Gerontology", "Neurology" ], "title": "Parkinsonism & related disorders" }, "publication_date": "2015-03-20", "selected": false, "title": "The medical treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease receiving subthalamic neurostimulation.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE The pathophysiology of deep brain stimulation mechanisms and resistant freezing phenomena in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (iPD) remains incompletely understood. Further studies on the neuromuscular substrates are needed.\nMETHODS METHODS We analyzed 16 patients with advanced iPD and bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation, and 13 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Patients were tested after overnight withdrawal of medication with 'stimulation off' (StimOff) and 'stimulation on' (StimOn). Subjects performed continuous tapping of the right index finger with simultaneous recordings of biomechanical registration, EMG of finger flexors and extensors, and EEG. First, we analyzed EEG and EMG spectral measures comparing StimOff with healthy controls and StimOff with StimOn (irrespective of freezing). Second, we contrasted 'regular (unimpaired) tapping' and 'freezing' resistant to subthalamic neurostimulation as obtained in StimOn.\nRESULTS RESULTS iPD showed increased intermuscular coherence around 8Hz in StimOff that was reduced in StimOn. This 8Hz muscular activity was not coherent to cortical activity. 'Freezing' episodes showed increased muscle activity of finger flexors and extensors at 6-9Hz, and increased cortical activity at 7-11Hz. During transition from regular tapping to 'freezing' the cortical activity first increased over the left sensorimotor area followed by a spread to the left frontal and right parietal areas.\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS We identified neuromuscular motor network features of subthalamic neurostimulation therapy and resistant upper limb freezing that point to increased low-frequency muscular and cortical activity.\nSIGNIFICANCE CONCLUSIONS Together, our findings demonstrate several motor network abnormalities associated with upper limb freezing that may translate into future research on freezing of gait in iPD.", "authors": [ "Scholten, Marlieke", "Klotz, Rosa", "Plewnia, Christian", "W\u00e4chter, Tobias", "Mielke, Carina", "Bloem, Bastiaan R", "Braun, Christoph", "Ziemann, Ulf", "Govindan, Rathinaswamy B", "Gharabaghi, Alireza", "Kr\u00fcger, Rejko", "Weiss, Daniel" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.clinph.2015.02.012", "keywords": [ "N Parkinson\u2019s disease", "N Deep brain stimulation", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Subthalamic nucleus", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Upper limb freezing", "N Freezing of gait", "N EEG" ], "number_of_pages": 11, "pages": "610-620", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1872-8952", "publisher": "Elsevier Ireland Ltd", "sjr": 1.212, "snip": 1.482, "subject_areas": [ "Physiology (medical)", "Neurology (clinical)", "Sensory Systems", "Neurology" ], "title": "Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology" }, "publication_date": "2015-02-28", "selected": false, "title": "Neuromuscular correlates of subthalamic stimulation and upper limb freezing in Parkinson's disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Desynchronizing stimulation techniques were developed to specifically counteract abnormal neuronal synchronization relevant to several neurological and psychiatric disorders. The goal of our approach is to achieve an anti-kindling, where the affected neural networks unlearn abnormal synaptic connectivity and, hence, abnormal neuronal synchrony, by means of desynchronizing stimulation, in particular, Coordinated Reset (CR) stimulation. As known from neuroscience, psychology and education, learning effects can be enhanced by means of the spacing principle, i.e. by delivering repeated stimuli spaced by pauses as opposed to delivering a massed stimulus (in a single long stimulation session). To illustrate that the spacing principle may boost the anti-kindling effect of CR neuromodulation, in this computational study we carry this approach to extremes. To this end, we deliver spaced CR neuromodulation at particularly weak intensities which render permanently delivered CR neuromodulation ineffective. Intriguingly, spaced CR neuromodulation at these particularly weak intensities effectively induces an anti-kindling. In fact, the spacing principle enables the neuronal population to successively hop from one attractor to another one, finally approaching attractors characterized by down-regulated synaptic connectivity and synchrony. Our computational results might open up novel opportunities to effectively induce sustained desynchronization at particularly weak stimulation intensities, thereby avoiding side effects, e.g., in the case of deep brain stimulation.", "authors": [ "Popovych, Oleksandr V", "Xenakis, Markos N", "Tass, Peter A" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0117205", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "e0117205", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1932-6203", "publisher": "Public Library of Science", "sjr": 0.885, "snip": 1.253, "subject_areas": [ "Multidisciplinary" ], "title": "PloS one" }, "publication_date": "2015-02-25", "selected": false, "title": "The spacing principle for unlearning abnormal neuronal synchrony.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "This chapter explores the use of different electrophysiological methodologies in turn and discusses how they have shed light on the aetiology of visual hallucinations. It draws upon the electrophysiological study of normal visual processing to generate inferences on the causes of visual hallucinations rather than consider direct studies on these phenomena, given the lack of data presently available. In healthy individuals, Electroencephalography (EEG) has been widely used to model neural activity occurring in the primary visual and visual association cortices and it can provide measures of synchrony, coherence and connectivity across time. Using event-related analysis (e.g. electroretinogram (ERG), and visual-evoked potentials (VEP)) and spectral analysis of rhythmic activity, the visual system has been demarcated into a number of discrete processes, including visual input, sensory gating, low-level/early visual processing, and higher visual processing. Another important electrophysiological technique which has been used to investigate the visual system is transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). \u00c2\u00a9 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. All rights reserved.", "authors": [ "Murphy, N.", "Graziadio, S.", "Taylor, J.-P." ], "categories": null, "citations": 1, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus" ], "doi": "10.1002/9781118892794.ch8", "keywords": [ "Visual hallucinations", "Electroencephalography (EEG)", "Visual-evoked potentials (VEP)", "Electroretinogram (ERG)", "Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)" ], "number_of_pages": 26, "pages": "167-192", "publication": { "category": "Book", "cite_score": null, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": "9781118892794", "issn": null, "publisher": null, "sjr": null, "snip": null, "subject_areas": [], "title": "The Neuroscience of Visual Hallucinations" }, "publication_date": "2015-02-23", "selected": false, "title": "EEG and transcranial magnetic stimulation. Changing and recording the dynamic flow of visual perception", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84927685637&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Although some reports on neurostimulation are positive, no effective treatment method for camptocormia in Parkinson's disease (PD) is known to date. We aim to identify prognostic factors for a beneficial DBS effect on camptocormia. In an observational cohort study, we investigated 25 idiopathic PD patients, who suffered additionally from camptocormia, and underwent bilateral neurostimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) to improve classical PD symptoms. Using an established questionnaire, we examined deep brain stimulation (DBS) effects on camptocormia in addition to general neurostimulation effects. A beneficial neurostimulation effect on camptocormia was defined as an improvement in the bending angle of a least 50%. In 13 patients, the bending angle of camptocormia improved, in 12 patients it did not. A multifactorial analysis revealed a short duration between onset of camptocormia and start of neurostimulation to be the relevant factor for outcome. All patients with duration of camptocormia up to 1.5 years showed a beneficial effect; patients between 1.5 and \u223c3 years showed mixed results, but none with a duration of more than 40 months improved except for 1 patient whose camptocormia was levodopa responsive. The bending angle was not a prognostic factor. Our data indicate that the main prognostic factor for a beneficial DBS effect on camptocormia is its short duration. As an explanation, we suggest that neurostimulation may improve camptocormia only as long as muscle pathology is limited. Our findings may help to elucidate the mode of action of neurostimulation. A prospective study is necessary.", "authors": [ "Schulz-Schaeffer, Walter J", "Margraf, Nils G", "Munser, Sari", "Wrede, Arne", "Buhmann, Carsten", "Deuschl, G\u00fcnther", "Oehlwein, Christian" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1002/mds.26081", "keywords": [ "N Parkinson's disease", "@UI", "N nucleus subthalamicus", "N deep brain stimulation", "N proprioception", "N camptocormia", "#text" ], "number_of_pages": 297, "pages": "368-72", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 13.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1531-8257", "publisher": "John Wiley & Sons Inc.", "sjr": 2.602, "snip": 1.981, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society" }, "publication_date": "2015-02-12", "selected": false, "title": "Effect of neurostimulation on camptocormia in Parkinson's disease depends on symptom duration.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Contemporary auditory brainstem implant (ABI) performance is limited by reliance on electrical neurostimulation with its accompanying channel cross talk and current spread to non-auditory neurons. A new generation ABI based on optogenetic technology may ameliorate limitations fundamental to electrical stimulation. The most widely studied opsin is channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2); however, its relatively slow kinetic properties may prevent the encoding of auditory information at high stimulation rates. In the present study, we compare the temporal resolution of light-evoked responses of ChR2 to a recently developed fast opsin, Chronos, to ChR2 in a murine ABI model. Viral mediated gene transfer via a posterolateral craniotomy was used to express Chronos or ChR2 in the cochlear nucleus (CN). Following a four to eight week incubation period, blue light (473nm) was delivered via an optical fiber placed directly on the surface of the infected CN, and neural activity was recorded in the contralateral inferior colliculus (IC). Both ChR2 and Chronos evoked sustained responses to all stimuli, even at high pulse rates. In addition, optical stimulation evoked excitatory responses throughout the tonotopic axis of the IC. Synchrony of the light-evoked response to stimulus rates of 14-448pulses/s was higher in Chronos compared to ChR2 mice (. p<0.05 at 56, 168, and 224pulses/s). Our results demonstrate that Chronos has the ability to drive the auditory system at higher stimulation rates than ChR2 and may be a more ideal opsin for manipulation of auditory pathways in future optogenetic-based neuroprostheses.This article is part of a Special Issue entitled \"Lasker Award\". \u00c2\u00a9 2015 Elsevier B.V.", "authors": [ "Hight, Ariel Edward", "Kozin, Elliott D", "Darrow, Keith", "Lehmann, Ashton", "Boyden, Edward", "Brown, M Christian", "Lee, Daniel J" ], "categories": null, "citations": 44, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.heares.2015.01.004", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 195, "pages": "235-241", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1878-5891", "publisher": "Elsevier", "sjr": 0.959, "snip": 1.223, "subject_areas": [ "Sensory Systems" ], "title": "Hearing research" }, "publication_date": "2015-01-15", "selected": false, "title": "Superior temporal resolution of Chronos versus channelrhodopsin-2 in an optogenetic model of the auditory brainstem implant.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84925414361&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Human contrast sensitivity for narrowband Gabor targets is suppressed when superimposed on narrowband masks of the same spatial frequency and orientation (referred to as overlay suppression), with suppression being broadly tuned to orientation and spatial frequency. Numerous behavioral and neurophysiological experiments have suggested that overlay suppression originates from the initial lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) inputs to V1, which is consistent with the broad tuning typically reported for overlay suppression. However, recent reports have shown narrowly tuned anisotropic overlay suppression when narrowband targets are masked by broadband noise. Consequently, researchers have argued for an additional form of overlay suppression that involves cortical contrast gain control processes. The current study sought to further explore this notion behaviorally using narrowband and broadband masks, along with a computational neural simulation of the hypothesized underlying gain control processes in cortex. Additionally, we employed transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in order to test whether cortical processes are involved in driving narrowly tuned anisotropic suppression. The behavioral results yielded anisotropic overlay suppression for both broadband and narrowband masks and could be replicated with our computational neural simulation of anisotropic gain control. Further, the anisotropic form of overlay suppression could be directly modulated by tDCS, which would not be expected if the suppression was primarily subcortical in origin. Altogether, the results of the current study provide further evidence in support of an additional overlay suppression process that originates in cortex and show that this form of suppression is also observable with narrowband masks.", "authors": [ "Hansen, Bruce C", "Richard, Bruno", "Andres, Kristin", "Johnson, Aaron P", "Thompson, Benjamin", "Essock, Edward A" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1017/S0952523815000255", "keywords": [ "N Horizontal effect", "D016428 Journal Article", "N tDCS", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Broadband noise", "N Contrast sensitivity", "N Overlay suppression" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "E023", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 2.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1469-8714", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "sjr": 0.453, "snip": 0.444, "subject_areas": [ "Sensory Systems", "Physiology" ], "title": "Visual neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2015-01-01", "selected": false, "title": "A cortical locus for anisotropic overlay suppression of stimuli presented at fixation.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND Autonomic dysfunctions are the most common non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) and often precede the motor symptoms of the disease. Autonomic dysfunction may be a dominant symptom of the advanced stages of PD as well as a major cause of patient disability. Despite the wide use of neurostimulation in clinical practice, the effect of deep brain stimulation of subthalamic nucleus (STN DBS) on autonomic symptoms of PD still remains only partially understood. The aim of the study is evaluation of heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure variability (BPV) in patients with PD before STN DBS and following bilateral STN DBS.\nMATERIAL AND METHODS METHODS The study included 25 subjects aged between 31 and 71 years, diagnosed with the idiopathic PD and selected for treatment with STN DBS. All the patients were in advanced stages of PD, disease duration ranged from 5 to 22 years. The patients enrolled into this study underwent STN DBS. Neurological examination including assessment of the severity of parkinsonism according to UPDRS scale, a psychological examination and an electrophysiological examination of autonomic disturbances based on heart rate and blood pressure variability were conducted on all patients two weeks before and three months after STN DBS.\nRESULTS RESULTS After STN DBS an improvement in terms of the analyzed parts of the UPDRS has been shown. The improvement of motor disorders assessed by III part UPDRS during the \"off\" medication/stimulation \"on\" was 67.8%. Orthostatic hypotension before the STN DBS procedure was observed in 56% of patients and after STN DBS in 53% of them. Before STN DBS the imbalance of the sympathetic--parasympathetic components with the predominance of the sympathetic based on HRV parameters--the ratio LF/HF-RRI (2.5) and a higher rate of LFnu (61.3%) than HFnu (38.6%) has been shown. Three months post STN DBS an increase parameters of spectral analysis of HRV in the low frequency LF-RRI, and high-frequency HF-RRI and the total power spectrum PSD-RRI was observed. After STN DBS an increase of parameters of spectral analysis of systolic BPV, very low frequency VLF-sBP, low frequency LF-sBP and total power spectrum PSD-sBP was noted.\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS Results of the study suggest that STN DBS is an effective treatment method of both motor symptoms and autonomic dysfunctions. The disturbances of HRV and BPV before and after STN DBS indicate the increase of autonomic system activity with sympathetic dominance.", "authors": [ "Furga\u0142a, Agata", "G\u00f3recka-Mazur, Agnieszka", "Fiszer, Urszula", "Pietraszko, Wojciech", "Thor, Piotr", "Moska\u0142a, Marek", "Potasz, Katarzyna", "Bukowczan, Magdalena", "Polak, Jaros\u0142aw", "Krygowska-Wajs, Anna" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": null, "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 195, "pages": "246-52", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 0.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "0033-2240", "publisher": "Fundacja Lekarzy Polskich-Pro-Medica", "sjr": 0.118, "snip": 1.223, "subject_areas": [ "Medicine (all)" ], "title": "Przeglad lekarski" }, "publication_date": "2015-01-01", "selected": false, "title": "[Evaluation of heart rate and blood pressure variability in Parkinson's disease patients after bilateral subthalamic deep brain stimulation].", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Insufficiency fractures are a type of fracture that occurs when normal or physiologic stress is applied to abnormal bone. This is in contradiction to fatigue stress fractures which involve repetitive stress on normal bone and pathological fractures which are associated with tumors, metastases, and infection. Each type of fracture requires intricate knowledge of the processes involved in order to diagnose and treat them appropriately. Insufficiency fractures can occur throughout the skeleton but are common in the tibia, femoral head and neck, sacrum, pelvis, and feet. They are most commonly associated with osteopenic or osteoporotic bone and the female athlete triad in young athletes. They also occur with other conditions such as Paget\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00e2\u0084\u00a2s disease of bone, osteomalacia, and prolonged radiation therapy. In this chapter, insufficiency fractures are explored with an emphasis on underlying causes in younger patients. Clinical diagnosis, location, imaging, and treatment of these fractures are also examined. \u00c2\u00a9 Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.", "authors": [ "Tranovich, M.J.", "Wright, V.J." ], "categories": null, "citations": 1, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus" ], "doi": "10.1007/978-3-319-09238-6_16", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 15, "pages": "223-237", "publication": { "category": "Book", "cite_score": null, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": "9783319092386", "issn": null, "publisher": null, "sjr": null, "snip": null, "subject_areas": [], "title": "Stress Fractures in Athletes: Diagnosis and Management" }, "publication_date": "2015-01-01", "selected": false, "title": "Insuffi ciency fractures", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84943603797&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Do neuronal oscillations play a causal role in brain function? In a study in this issue of PLOS Biology, Helfrich and colleagues address this long-standing question by attempting to drive brain oscillations using transcranial electrical current stimulation. Remarkably, they were able to manipulate visual perception by forcing brain oscillations of the left and right visual hemispheres into synchrony using oscillatory currents over both hemispheres. Under this condition, human observers more often perceived an inherently ambiguous visual stimulus in one of its perceptual instantiations. These findings shed light on the mechanisms underlying neuronal computation. They show that it is the neuronal oscillations that drive the visual experience, not the experience driving the oscillations. And they indicate that synchronized oscillatory activity groups brain areas into functional networks. This points to new ways for controlled experimental and possibly also clinical interventions for the study and modulation of brain oscillations and associated functions.", "authors": [ "Thut, Gregor" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.1002032", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "e1002032", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 15.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1545-7885", "publisher": "Public Library of Science", "sjr": 4.005, "snip": 2.285, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences (all)", "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all)", "Immunology and Microbiology (all)" ], "title": "PLoS biology" }, "publication_date": "2014-12-30", "selected": false, "title": "Modulating brain oscillations to drive brain function.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Cognitive impairment represents one of the most debilitating and most difficult symptom to treat of many psychiatric illnesses. Human neurophysiology studies have suggested that specific pathologies of cortical network activity correlate with cognitive impairment. However, we lack demonstration of causal relationships between specific network activity patterns and cognitive capabilities and treatment modalities that directly target impaired network dynamics of cognition. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), a novel non-invasive brain stimulation approach, may provide a crucial tool to tackle these challenges. Here, we propose that tACS can be used to elucidate the causal role of cortical synchronization in cognition and, eventually, to enhance pathologically weakened synchrony that may underlie cognitive deficits. To accelerate such development of tACS as a treatment for cognitive deficits, we discuss studies on tACS and cognition performed in healthy participants, according to the Research Domain Criteria of the National Institute of Mental Health. \u00c2\u00a9 2014 Informa UK Ltd.", "authors": [ "Fr\u00f6hlich, Flavio", "Sellers, Kristin K", "Cordle, Asa L" ], "categories": null, "citations": 69, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1586/14737175.2015.992782", "keywords": [ "N non-invasive brain stimulation", "N transcranial alternating current stimulation", "D016428 Journal Article", "D016454 Review", "N RDoC", "N Research Domain Criteria project", "N non-pharmacological treatments", "N oscillations", "N psychiatric illness", "N cognitive symptoms", "N tACS", "N cortex" ], "number_of_pages": 79, "pages": "145-167", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1744-8360", "publisher": "Taylor and Francis Ltd.", "sjr": 0.995, "snip": 1.294, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neuroscience (all)", "Pharmacology (medical)" ], "title": "Expert review of neurotherapeutics" }, "publication_date": "2014-12-30", "selected": false, "title": "Targeting the neurophysiology of cognitive systems with transcranial alternating current stimulation.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84921816640&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) presents as complex movement disorder including tremor and cerebellar ataxia. The efficacy and safety of deep brain stimulation of the nucleus ventralis intermedius of the thalamus in atypical tremor syndromes like FXTAS remains to be determined.\nMETHODS METHODS Here, we report the long-term outcome of three male genetically confirmed FXTAS patients treated with bilateral neurostimulation of the nucleus ventralis intermedius for up to four years.\nRESULTS RESULTS All patients demonstrated sustained improvement of both tremor and ataxia - the latter included improvement of intention tremor and axial tremor. Kinematic gait analyses further demonstrated a regularization of the gait cycle. Initial improvements of hand functional disability were not sustained and reached the preoperative level of impairment within one to two years from surgery.\nCONCLUSION CONCLUSIONS Our data on patients with a genetic cause of tremor show favorable outcome and may contribute to improved patient stratification for neurostimulation therapy in the future.", "authors": [ "Weiss, Daniel", "Mielke, Carina", "W\u00e4chter, Tobias", "Bender, Benjamin", "Liscic, Rajka M", "Scholten, Marlieke", "Naros, Georgios", "Plewnia, Christian", "Gharabaghi, Alireza", "Kr\u00fcger, Rejko" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.parkreldis.2014.12.015", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "N Gait", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome", "N Ventral intermedial thalamus (Vim)", "N Kinematic analysis", "N Deep brain stimulation (DBS)" ], "number_of_pages": 308, "pages": "310-3", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1873-5126", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "sjr": 1.05, "snip": 1.19, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Geriatrics and Gerontology", "Neurology" ], "title": "Parkinsonism & related disorders" }, "publication_date": "2014-12-27", "selected": false, "title": "Long-term outcome of deep brain stimulation in fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Background: Periodic stimulation of occipital areas using transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at alpha (a) frequency (8e12 Hz) enhances electroencephalographic (EEG) a-oscillation long after tACS-offset. Two mechanisms have been suggested to underlie these changes in oscillatory EEG activity: tACS-induced entrainment of brain oscillations and/or tACS-induced changes in oscillatory circuits by spike-timing dependent plasticity. Objective: We tested to what extent plasticity can account for tACS-aftereffects when controlling for entrainment \"echoes.\" To this end, we used a novel, intermittent tACS protocol and investigated the strength of the aftereffect as a function of phase continuity between successive tACS episodes, as well as the match between stimulation frequency and endogenous a-frequency. Methods: 12 healthy participants were stimulated at around individual a-frequency for 11e15 min in four sessions using intermittent tACS or sham. Successive tACS events were either phase-continuous or phase-discontinuous, and either 3 or 8 s long. EEG a-phase and power changes were compared after and between episodes of a-tACS across conditions and against sham. Results: a-aftereffects were successfully replicated after intermittent stimulation using 8-s but not 3-s trains. These aftereffects did not reveal any of the characteristics of entrainment echoes in that they were independent of tACS phase-continuity and showed neither prolonged phase alignment nor frequency synchronization to the exact stimulation frequency. Conclusion: Our results indicate that plasticity mechanisms are sufficient to explain a-aftereffects in response to a-tACS, and inform models of tACS-induced plasticity in oscillatory circuits. Modifying brain oscillations with tACS holds promise for clinical applications in disorders involving abnormal neural synchrony. \u00c2\u00a9 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.", "authors": [ "Vossen, Alexandra", "Gross, Joachim", "Thut, Gregor" ], "categories": null, "citations": 322, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.brs.2014.12.004", "keywords": [ "N Synchronization", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Electroencephalogram", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Transcranial alternating current stimulation", "N Spike-timing dependent plasticity", "N Entrainment", "N Alpha oscillations" ], "number_of_pages": 10, "pages": "499-508", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 12.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1876-4754", "publisher": "Elsevier Inc.", "sjr": 2.184, "snip": 1.816, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Biophysics", "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Brain stimulation" }, "publication_date": "2014-12-20", "selected": false, "title": "Alpha Power Increase After Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation at Alpha Frequency (\u03b1-tACS) Reflects Plastic Changes Rather Than Entrainment.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84940178344&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE Understanding the neural mechanisms that support human consciousness is an important frontier in neuroscience and medicine. We previously developed a rodent model of temporal lobe seizures that recapitulates the human electroencephalography (EEG) signature of ictal and postictal neocortical slow waves associated with behavioral impairments in level of consciousness. The mechanism of slow-wave production in epilepsy may involve suppression of the subcortical arousal systems including the brainstem and intralaminar thalamic nuclei. We hypothesized that intralaminar thalamic stimulation may lead to electrophysiologic and functional rescue from postictal slow waves and behavioral arrest.\nMETHODS METHODS We electrically stimulated the central lateral thalamic nucleus (a member of the intralaminar nuclei) under anesthesia and after electrically induced hippocampal seizures in anesthetized and in awake-behaving animal model preparations.\nRESULTS RESULTS We demonstrated a proof-of-principle restoration of electrophysiologic and behavioral measures of consciousness by stimulating the intralaminar thalamic nuclei after seizures. We measured decreased cortical slow waves and increased desynchronization and multiunit activity in the cortex with thalamic stimulation following seizures. Functionally, thalamic stimulation produced resumption of exploratory behaviors in the postictal state.\nSIGNIFICANCE CONCLUSIONS Targeting of nodes in the neural circuitry of consciousness has important medical implications. Impaired consciousness with epilepsy has dangerous consequences including decreased school/work performance, social stigmatization, and impaired airway protection. These data suggest a novel therapeutic approach for restoring consciousness after seizures. If paired with responsive neurostimulation, this may allow rapid implementation to improve level of consciousness in patients with epilepsy.", "authors": [ "Gummadavelli, Abhijeet", "Motelow, Joshua E", "Smith, Nicholas", "Zhan, Qiong", "Schiff, Nicholas D", "Blumenfeld, Hal" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1111/epi.12872", "keywords": [ "N Deep brain stimulation", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Cortical slow waves", "N Thalamus", "N Postictal", "D052061 Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Epilepsy", "N Consciousness" ], "number_of_pages": 91, "pages": "114-24", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 10.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1528-1167", "publisher": "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd", "sjr": 1.966, "snip": 1.893, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Epilepsia" }, "publication_date": "2014-12-02", "selected": false, "title": "Thalamic stimulation to improve level of consciousness after seizures: evaluation of electrophysiology and behavior.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "We describe the first direct brain-to-brain interface in humans and present results from experiments involving six different subjects. Our non-invasive interface, demonstrated originally in August 2013, combines electroencephalography (EEG) for recording brain signals with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for delivering information to the brain. We illustrate our method using a visuomotor task in which two humans must cooperate through direct brain-to-brain communication to achieve a desired goal in a computer game. The brain-to-brain interface detects motor imagery in EEG signals recorded from one subject (the \"sender\") and transmits this information over the internet to the motor cortex region of a second subject (the \"receiver\"). This allows the sender to cause a desired motor response in the receiver (a press on a touchpad) via TMS. We quantify the performance of the brain-to-brain interface in terms of the amount of information transmitted as well as the accuracies attained in (1) decoding the sender's signals, (2) generating a motor response from the receiver upon stimulation, and (3) achieving the overall goal in the cooperative visuomotor task. Our results provide evidence for a rudimentary form of direct information transmission from one human brain to another using non-invasive means. \u00c2\u00a9 2014 Rao et al.", "authors": [ "Rao, Rajesh P N", "Stocco, Andrea", "Bryan, Matthew", "Sarma, Devapratim", "Youngquist, Tiffany M", "Wu, Joseph", "Prat, Chantel S" ], "categories": null, "citations": 120, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0111332", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "e111332", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1932-6203", "publisher": "Public Library of Science", "sjr": 0.885, "snip": 1.253, "subject_areas": [ "Multidisciplinary" ], "title": "PloS one" }, "publication_date": "2014-11-05", "selected": false, "title": "A direct brain-to-brain interface in humans.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84910682954&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVE Indirect targeting of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is commonly utilized at deep brain stimulation (DBS) centers around the world. The superiority of either midcommissural point (MCP)-based or red nucleus (RN)-based indirect targeting remains to be established.\nMETHODS METHODS The location of the STN was determined and statistically compared to MCP- and RN-based predictions in 58 STN DBS patients, using a validated 3-tesla MRI protocol. The influence of additional neuroanatomical parameters on STN midpoint location was evaluated. Linear regression analysis was utilized to produce an optimized MCP/RN targeting model. Targeting coordinates at 1.5 T were compared to results at 3 T.\nRESULTS RESULTS Accuracy and precision for RN-based targeting was superior to MCP-based targeting to predict STN midpoint location for each coordinate dimension (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). RN-based targeting was statistically equivalent to an optimized regression-based targeting strategy incorporating multiple neuroanatomical parameters, including third-ventricle width and overall brain size. RN-based targeting at 1.5 T yielded equivalent coordinates to targeting at 3 T.\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS RN-based targeting is statistically superior to MCP-based STN targeting and accommodates broad variations in neuroanatomical parameters. Neurosurgeons utilizing indirect targeting of the STN may consider favoring RN-based over MCP-based indirect targeting methods.", "authors": [ "Houshmand, Layla", "Cummings, Karen S", "Chou, Kelvin L", "Patil, Parag G" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1159/000366286", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 293, "pages": "337-45", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1423-0372", "publisher": "S. Karger AG", "sjr": 0.446, "snip": 0.767, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery" }, "publication_date": "2014-10-28", "selected": false, "title": "Evaluating indirect subthalamic nucleus targeting with validated 3-tesla magnetic resonance imaging.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Human sensory and motor systems provide the natural means for the exchange of information between individuals, and, hence, the basis for human civilization. The recent development of brain-computer interfaces (BCI) has provided an important element for the creation of brain-to-brain communication systems, and precise brain stimulation techniques are now available for the realization of non-invasive computer-brain interfaces (CBI). These technologies, BCI and CBI, can be combined to realize the vision of non-invasive, computer-mediated brain-to-brain (B2B) communication between subjects (hyperinteraction ). Here we demonstrate the conscious transmission of information between human brains through the intact scalp and without intervention of motor or peripheral sensory systems. Pseudo-random binary streams encoding words were transmitted between the minds of emitter and receiver subjects separated by great distances, representing the realization of the first human brain-to-brain interface. In a series of experiments, we established internet-mediated B2B communication by combining a BCI based on voluntary motor imagery-controlled electroencephalographic (EEG) changes with a CBI inducing the conscious perception of phosphenes (light flashes) through neuronavigated, robotized transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), with special care taken to block sensory (tactile, visual or auditory) cues. Our results provide a critical proof-of-principle demonstration for the development of conscious B2B communication technologies. More fully developed, related implementations will open new research venues in cognitive, social and clinical neuroscience and the scientific study of consciousness. We envision that hyperinteraction technologies will eventually have a profound impact on the social structure of our civilization and raise important ethical issues. \u00c2\u00a9 2014 Grau et al.", "authors": [ "Grau, Carles", "Ginhoux, Romuald", "Riera, Alejandro", "Nguyen, Thanh Lam", "Chauvat, Hubert", "Berg, Michel", "Amengual, Juli\u00e0 L", "Pascual-Leone, Alvaro", "Ruffini, Giulio" ], "categories": null, "citations": 131, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0105225", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "e105225", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1932-6203", "publisher": "Public Library of Science", "sjr": 0.885, "snip": 1.253, "subject_areas": [ "Multidisciplinary" ], "title": "PloS one" }, "publication_date": "2014-08-19", "selected": false, "title": "Conscious brain-to-brain communication in humans using non-invasive technologies.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84907547568&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND BACKGROUND Microelectrode recording helps surgeons accurately localize boundaries of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and surrounding structures in deep brain stimulation.\nOBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE To describe a novel adaptation of the Ben gun device to optimize efficient mapping.\nMETHODS METHODS Patients who underwent STN deep brain stimulation over a 3-year period were reviewed. For the final year, the Ben gun was rotated 45\u00b0 and the target was offset 1.4 mm lateral and anterior in the plane orthogonal to the intended trajectory to allow for simultaneous parallel tracks at target, 2.8 mm anterior (localizing the front of STN), and 2.8 mm lateral (identifying the internal capsule). Before this step, the initial pass consisted of 1 to 2 tracks with the frame center targeted to STN. The primary outcome measure was the number of passes required for accurate localization of the nucleus and boundaries.\nRESULTS RESULTS Eighty-three electrodes were implanted in 45 patients (mean age, 62; range, 37-78 years), of which 29 electrodes were placed by the use of the new technique. One electrode (4%) required more than 1 pass using the new technique compared with 36 (67%) using the older technique (P < .01). The distance from original target to final electrode position increased from 0.67 \u00b1 0.13 mm to 1.06 \u00b1 0.15 mm (P < .05) with a greater tendency to move the final electrode position posteriorly. There was no statistically significant difference in benefit from neurostimulation.\nCONCLUSION CONCLUSIONS This technique facilitates reliable localization of the STN with fewer passes, possibly decreasing the risks associated with more passes and longer duration of surgery.", "authors": [ "Sweet, Jennifer A", "Walter, Benjamin L", "Munyon, Charles", "Miller, Jonathan P" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1227/NEU.0000000000000295", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "240-5; discussion 245", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1524-4040", "publisher": "Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications", "sjr": 1.221, "snip": 2.325, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "Neurosurgery" }, "publication_date": "2014-06-01", "selected": false, "title": "Multitract orthogonal microelectrode localization of the subthalamic nucleus: description of a novel technique.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Dystonia is generally regarded as a disorder of the basal ganglia and their efferent connections to the thalamus and brainstem, but an important role of cerebellar-thalamo-cortical (CTC) circuits in the pathophysiology of dystonia has been invoked. Here in a sham controlled trial, we tested the effects of two-weeks of cerebellar continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) in a sample of cervical dystonia (CD) patients. Clinical evaluations were performed by administering the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) and the Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS). We used TMS to measure the inhibitory connectivity between the cerebellum and the contralateral motor cortex (cerebellar brain inhibition [CBI]), and the excitability of the contralateral primary motor cortex assessing intracortical inhibition (SICI), intracortical facilitation (ICF) and cortical silent period (CSP). Paired associative stimulation (PAS) was tested to evaluate the level and the topographical specificity of cortical plasticity, which is abnormally enhanced and non-focal in CD patients. Two weeks of cerebellar stimulation resulted in a small but significant clinical improvement as measured by the TWSTRS of approximately 15%. Cerebellar stimulation modified the CBI circuits and reduced the heterotopic PAS potentiation, leading to a normal pattern of topographic specific induced plasticity. These data provide novel evidence CTC circuits could be a potential target to partially control some dystonic symptoms in patients with cervical dystonia.", "authors": [ "Koch, Giacomo", "Porcacchia, Paolo", "Ponzo, Viviana", "Carrillo, Fatima", "C\u00e1ceres-Redondo, Mar\u00eda Teresa", "Brusa, Livia", "Desiato, Maria Teresa", "Arciprete, Flavio", "Di Lorenzo, Francesco", "Pisani, Antonio", "Caltagirone, Carlo", "Palomar, Francisco J", "Mir, Pablo" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.brs.2014.05.002", "keywords": [ "N cerebellar theta burst stimulation", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Cerebellar-thalamo-cortical circuits", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "D016449 Randomized Controlled Trial", "N Cervical dystonia", "N Paired associative stimulation" ], "number_of_pages": 493, "pages": "564-72", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 12.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1876-4754", "publisher": "Elsevier Inc.", "sjr": 2.184, "snip": 1.816, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Biophysics", "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Brain stimulation" }, "publication_date": "2014-05-09", "selected": false, "title": "Effects of two weeks of cerebellar theta burst stimulation in cervical dystonia patients.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The aim of the lecture is to draw attention to the role that clinical practice and clinical observation have had in stimulating research on the pathophysiology of cluster headache (CH) and other trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs). The symptoms of cluster headache-in particular the typical circadian periodicity of the headaches and the seasonal recurrence of cluster periods-were fundamental in shifting attention away from peripheral pathogenetic hypotheses to the idea that cluster headache could have a central origin. Initially, solid neuroendocrinological data pointed to hypothalamic involvement. For example, CH patients were shown to have alterations in biorhythms. Subsequently, modern functional neuroimaging techniques were able to demonstrate that the homolateral posterior hypothalamus is activated during TAC headaches, so implicating this region in TAC pathogenesis. It is known that the hypothalamus has a modulatory effect on nociceptive and autonomic pathways, particularly on the nociceptive trigeminovascular system. Future research should clarify whether the hypothalamus is the generator of TAC headaches, or whether it is activated in response to an alteration of the homeostatic equilibrium between limbic emotional-affective components and autonomic-nociceptive components modulated by the hypothalamus.", "authors": [ "Bussone, Gennaro" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1007/s10072-014-1746-0", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 67, "pages": "71-5", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1590-3478", "publisher": "Springer-Verlag Italia Srl", "sjr": 0.765, "snip": 1.075, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Dermatology" ], "title": "Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology" }, "publication_date": "2014-05-01", "selected": false, "title": "Strictly unilateral headaches: considerations of a clinician.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Increasing evidence suggests that synaptic dysfunction is a core pathophysiological hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders. Brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) is key synaptogenic molecule and targeting synaptic repair through modulation of BDNF signalling has been suggested as a potential drug discovery strategy. The development of such \"synaptogenic\" therapies depend on the availability of BDNF sensitive markers of synaptic function that could be utilized as biomarkers for examining target engagement or drug efficacy in humans. Here we have utilized the BDNF Val66Met genetic polymorphism to examine the effect of the polymorphism and genetic load (i.e. Met allele load) on electrophysiological (EEG) markers of synaptic activity and their structural (MRI) correlates. Sixty healthy adults were prospectively recruited into the three genetic groups (Val/Val, Val/Met, Met/Met). Subjects also underwent fMRI, tDCS/TMS, and cognitive assessments as part of a larger study. Overall, some of the EEG markers of synaptic activity and brain structure measured with MRI were the most sensitive markers of the polymorphism. Met carriers showed decreased oscillatory activity and synchrony in the neural network subserving error-processing, as measured during a flanker task (ERN); and showed increased slow-wave activity during resting. There was no evidence for a Met load effect on the EEG measures and the polymorphism had no effects on MMN and P300. Met carriers also showed reduced grey matter volume in the anterior cingulate and in the (left) prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, anterior cingulate grey matter volume, and oscillatory EEG power during the flanker task predicted subsequent behavioural adaptation, indicating a BDNF dependent link between brain structure, function and behaviour associated with error processing and monitoring. These findings suggest that EEG markers such as ERN and resting EEG could be used as BDNF sensitive functional markers in early clinical development to examine target engagement or drug related efficacy of synaptic repair therapies in humans. \u00c2\u00a9 2014 Solt\u00c3\u00a9sz et al.", "authors": [ "Solt\u00e9sz, Fruzsina", "Suckling, John", "Lawrence, Phil", "Tait, Roger", "Ooi, Cinly", "Bentley, Graham", "Dodds, Chris M", "Miller, Sam R", "Wille, David R", "Byrne, Misha", "McHugh, Simon M", "Bellgrove, Mark A", "Croft, Rodney J", "Lu, Bai", "Bullmore, Edward T", "Nathan, Pradeep J" ], "categories": null, "citations": 10, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0095558", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "e95558", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1932-6203", "publisher": "Public Library of Science", "sjr": 0.885, "snip": 1.253, "subject_areas": [ "Multidisciplinary" ], "title": "PloS one" }, "publication_date": "2014-04-23", "selected": false, "title": "Identification of BDNF sensitive electrophysiological markers of synaptic activity and their structural correlates in healthy subjects using a genetic approach utilizing the functional BDNF Val66Met polymorphism.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84899763390&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Deep-brain stimulation at high frequencies (HFS) directed to the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is used increasingly to treat patients with Parkinson's disease. However, the mechanism of action by which HFS of the STN achieves its therapeutic effects remains unresolved. Insofar as lesions of the STN have similar therapeutic benefit, a favored hypothesis is that HFS acts by suppressing neural activity in the STN. The purpose of the present study was to exploit prior observations that exposure to ether anesthesia in a rodent model evokes c-fos expression (a marker of neural activation) in the STN and its efferent structures, the globus pallidus, entopeduncular nucleus and substantia nigra. We showed first that exposure to ether induced a profound oscillatory pattern of neural activity in the STN and SNr, which could explain the marked induction of c-fos immunoreactivity in these structures. Secondly, inhibition of the STN by local injections of the GABA agonist, muscimol, suppressed ether-evoked c-fos expression in all target structures. This showed that excitation of target structures in the ether model originated, at least in part, from the STN. Thirdly, and contrary to expectation, HFS of the STN increased further the expression of c-fos in the STN target structures of animals treated with ether. Finally, we demonstrated, in the absence of ether treatment, that HFS and chemical stimulation of the STN with local injections of kainic acid both induced c-fos expression in the globus pallidus, entopeduncular nucleus and substantia nigra. Together these results suggest that the principal action of STN stimulation at high frequencies is to excite rather than inhibit its efferent targets. Given that Parkinsonism has been associated with increased levels of inhibitory output activity from the basal ganglia, it is unlikely that excitation of output structures revealed in this study provides a basis for deep-brain stimulation's therapeutic action.", "authors": [ "Shehab, S", "D'souza, C", "Ljubisavljevic, M", "Redgrave, P" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.04.016", "keywords": [ "N subthalamic nucleus", "D016428 Journal Article", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N rat", "N high-frequency stimulation", "N c-fos" ], "number_of_pages": 188, "pages": "212-25", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.8, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1873-7544", "publisher": "Elsevier Ltd.", "sjr": 1.006, "snip": 0.846, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2014-04-19", "selected": false, "title": "High-frequency electrical stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus excites target structures in a model using c-fos immunohistochemistry.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The sleep disorder narcolepsy is now considered a neurodegenerative disease because there is a massive loss of neurons containing the neuropeptide hypocretin/orexin (HCRT). In consequence, narcoleptic patients have very low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of HCRT. Studies in animal models of narcolepsy have shown the neurophysiological role of the HCRT system in the development of this disease. For example, the injection of the neurotoxin named hypocretin-2-saporin (HCRT2/SAP) into the lateral hypothalamus (LH) destroys the HCRT neurons, therefore diminishes the contents of HCRT in the CSF and induces narcoleptic-like behavior in rats. Transplants of various cell types have been used to induce recovery in a variety of neurodegenerative animal models. In models such as Parkinson's disease, cell survival has been shown to be small but satisfactory. Similarly, cell transplantation could be employed to implant grafts of HCRT cells into the LH or even other brain regions to treat narcolepsy. Here, we report for the first time that transplantation of HCRT neurons into the LH of HCRT2/SAP-lesioned rats diminishes narcoleptic-like sleep behavior. Therefore, cell transplantation may provide an effective method to treat narcolepsy.", "authors": [ "Arias-Carri\u00f3n, Oscar", "Murillo-Rodr\u00edguez, Eric" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0095342", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "e95342", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1932-6203", "publisher": "Public Library of Science", "sjr": 0.885, "snip": 1.253, "subject_areas": [ "Multidisciplinary" ], "title": "PloS one" }, "publication_date": "2014-04-15", "selected": false, "title": "Effects of hypocretin/orexin cell transplantation on narcoleptic-like sleep behavior in rats.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The effects of transcranial pulsed current stimulation (tPCS) on resting state functional connectivity (rs-FC) within the motor network were investigated. Eleven healthy participants received one magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) session with three resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) scans, one before stimulation (PRE-STIM) to collect baseline measures, one during stimulation (STIM), and one after 13\u2009min of stimulation (POST-STIM). Rs-FC measures during the STIM and POST-STIM conditions were compared to the PRE-STIM baseline. Regions of interest for the rs-FC analysis were extracted from the significantly activated clusters obtained during a finger tapping motor paradigm and included the right primary motor cortex (R M1), left primary motor cortex (L M1), supplemental motor area (SMA), and cerebellum (Cer). The main findings were reduced rs-FC between the left M1 and surrounding motor cortex, and increased rs-FC between the left M1 and left thalamus during stimulation, but increased rs-FC between the Cer and right insula after stimulations. Bivariate measures of connectivity demonstrate reduced strength of connectivity for the whole network average (p=0.044) and reduced diversity of connectivity for the network average during stimulation (p=0.024). During the POST-STIM condition, the trend of reduced diversity for the network average was statistically weaker (p=0.071). In conclusion, while many of the findings are comparable to previous reports using simultaneous transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and fMRI acquisition, we also demonstrate additional changes in connectivity patterns that are induced by tPCS.", "authors": [ "Sours, Chandler", "Alon, Gad", "Roys, Steve", "Gullapalli, Rao P" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1089/brain.2013.0196", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 93, "pages": "157-65", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 4.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2158-0022", "publisher": "Mary Ann Liebert Inc.", "sjr": 0.893, "snip": 0.898, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Brain connectivity" }, "publication_date": "2014-04-09", "selected": false, "title": "Modulation of resting state functional connectivity of the motor network by transcranial pulsed current stimulation.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Paroxysmal hemicrania (PH) is an underreported and underdiagnosed primary headache disorder. It usually begins in the third or fourth decade of life. The recent observations indicate that it is equally prevalent in both males and females. PH is characterized by severe, strictly unilateral head pain attacks that occur in association with ipsilateral autonomic features. The attacks in PH are shorter and more frequent compared with cluster headache (CH) but otherwise PH and CH have similar clinical features. The hallmark of PH is the absolute cessation of the headache with indomethacin. However, a range of drugs may show partial to complete relief in certain groups of patients. Neuromodulatory procedures, such as greater occipital nerve blockade, blockade of sphenopalatine ganglion and neurostimulation of the posterior hypothalamus, are reserved for refractory PH.", "authors": [ "Prakash, Sanjay", "Patell, Rushad" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1007/s11916-014-0407-6", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "407", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1534-3081", "publisher": "Current Science, Inc.", "sjr": 0.796, "snip": 1.639, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine" ], "title": "Current pain and headache reports" }, "publication_date": "2014-04-01", "selected": false, "title": "Paroxysmal hemicrania: an update.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND BACKGROUND Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is characterized by multifaceted motor system dysfunction and cognitive disturbance; distinctive clinical features include limb apraxia and visuospatial dysfunction. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been used to study motor system dysfunction in CBS, but the relationship of TMS parameters to clinical features has not been studied. The present study explored several hypotheses; firstly, that limb apraxia may be partly due to visuospatial impairment in CBS. Secondly, that motor system dysfunction can be demonstrated in CBS, using threshold-tracking TMS, and is linked to limb apraxia. Finally, that atrophy of the primary motor cortex, studied using voxel-based morphometry analysis (VBM), is associated with motor system dysfunction and limb apraxia in CBS.\nMETHODS METHODS Imitation of meaningful and meaningless hand gestures was graded to assess limb apraxia, while cognitive performance was assessed using the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination - Revised (ACE-R), with particular emphasis placed on the visuospatial subtask. Patients underwent TMS, to assess cortical function, and VBM.\nRESULTS RESULTS In total, 17 patients with CBS (7 male, 10 female; mean age 64.4+/- 6.6 years) were studied and compared to 17 matched control subjects. Of the CBS patients, 23.5% had a relatively inexcitable motor cortex, with evidence of cortical dysfunction in the remaining 76.5% patients. Reduced resting motor threshold, and visuospatial performance, correlated with limb apraxia. Patients with a resting motor threshold <50% performed significantly worse on the visuospatial sub-task of the ACE-R than other CBS patients. Cortical function correlated with atrophy of the primary and pre-motor cortices, and the thalamus, while apraxia correlated with atrophy of the pre-motor and parietal cortices.\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS Cortical dysfunction appears to underlie the core clinical features of CBS, and is associated with atrophy of the primary motor and pre-motor cortices, as well as the thalamus, while apraxia correlates with pre-motor and parietal atrophy.", "authors": [ "Burrell, James R", "Hornberger, Michael", "Vucic, Steve", "Kiernan, Matthew C", "Hodges, John R" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0092944", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "e92944", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1932-6203", "publisher": "Public Library of Science", "sjr": 0.885, "snip": 1.253, "subject_areas": [ "Multidisciplinary" ], "title": "PloS one" }, "publication_date": "2014-03-24", "selected": false, "title": "Apraxia and motor dysfunction in corticobasal syndrome.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has received increasing attention for the treatment of tinnitus, but its therapeutic mechanisms are unclear. We performed low-frequency rTMS treatment for a patient with chronic tinnitus and examined changes of cortical excitability and cerebral blood flow using paired-pulse TMS and single-photon emission computed tomography. After the rTMS treatment, tinnitus loudness was decreased, cortical excitability was reduced, and blood flow in the thalamus was increased. Our results suggest that low-frequency rTMS treatment reduces tinnitus loudness by an inhibitory effect on the cortical excitability and a remote activation effect on the thalamus through the corticothalamic networks.", "authors": [ "Takahashi, Shun", "Ukai, Satoshi", "Tsuji, Tomikimi", "Ueyama, Takashi", "Kono, Masamitsu", "Yamanaka, Noboru", "Shinosaki, Kazuhiro" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1080/13554794.2014.893000", "keywords": [ "N paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation", "D016428 Journal Article", "N thalamus", "N cortical excitability", "N cerebral blood flow", "N tinnitus", "N repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation", "D002363 Case Reports" ], "number_of_pages": 296, "pages": "339-44", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 1.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1465-3656", "publisher": "Taylor and Francis Ltd.", "sjr": 0.298, "snip": 0.377, "subject_areas": [ "Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous)", "Neurology (clinical)" ], "title": "Neurocase" }, "publication_date": "2014-03-10", "selected": false, "title": "Reduction of cortical excitability and increase of thalamic activity in a low-frequency rTMS treatment for chronic tinnitus.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Pathophysiological activity of basal ganglia neurons accompanies the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. High-frequency (>90 Hz) deep brain stimulation (DBS) reduces parkinsonian symptoms, but the mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesize that parkinsonism-associated electrophysiological changes constitute an increase in neuronal firing pattern disorder and a concomitant decrease in information transmission through the ventral basal ganglia, and that effective DBS alleviates symptoms by decreasing neuronal disorder while simultaneously increasing information transfer through the same regions. We tested these hypotheses in the freely behaving, 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat model of hemiparkinsonism. Following the onset of parkinsonism, mean neuronal firing rates were unchanged, despite a significant increase in firing pattern disorder (i.e., neuronal entropy), in both the globus pallidus and substantia nigra pars reticulata. This increase in neuronal entropy was reversed by symptom-alleviating DBS. Whereas increases in signal entropy are most commonly indicative of similar increases in information transmission, directed information through both regions was substantially reduced (>70%) following the onset of parkinsonism. Again, this decrease in information transmission was partially reversed by DBS. Together, these results suggest that the parkinsonian basal ganglia are rife with entropic activity and incapable of functional information transmission. Furthermore, they indicate that symptom-alleviating DBS works by lowering the entropic noise floor, enabling more information-rich signal propagation. In this view, the symptoms of parkinsonism may be more a default mode, normally overridden by healthy basal ganglia information. When that information is abolished by parkinsonian pathophysiology, hypokinetic symptoms emerge.", "authors": [ "Dorval, Alan D", "Grill, Warren M" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1152/jn.00713.2013", "keywords": [ "N subthalamic nucleus", "N Parkinson's disease", "D016428 Journal Article", "D052061 Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "N high-frequency stimulation", "N basal ganglia" ], "number_of_pages": 1891, "pages": "1949-59", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1522-1598", "publisher": "American Physiological Society", "sjr": 1.067, "snip": 0.974, "subject_areas": [ "Physiology", "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Journal of neurophysiology" }, "publication_date": "2014-02-19", "selected": false, "title": "Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus reestablishes neuronal information transmission in the 6-OHDA rat model of parkinsonism.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "It is critical for survival to quickly respond to environmental stimuli with the most appropriate action. This task becomes most challenging when response tendencies induced by relevant and irrelevant stimulus features are in conflict, and have to be resolved in real time. Inputs from the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) to the subthalamic nucleus (STN) are thought to support this function, but the connectivity and causality of these regions in calibrating motor control has not been delineated. In this study, we combined off-line noninvasive brain stimulation and functional magnetic resonance imaging, while young healthy human participants performed a modified version of the Simon task. We show that impairing pre-SMA function by noninvasive brain stimulation improved control over impulsive response tendencies, but only when participants were explicitly rewarded for fast and accurate responses. These effects were mediated by enhanced activation and connectivity of the IFG-STN pathway. These results provide causal evidence for a pivotal role of the IFG-STN pathway during action control. Additionally, they suggest a parallel rather than hierarchical organization of the pre-SMA-STN and IFG-STN pathways, since interruption of pre-SMA function can enhance IFG-STN connectivity and improve control over inappropriate responses.", "authors": [ "Herz, Damian M", "Christensen, Mark S", "Bruggemann, Norbert", "Hulme, Oliver J", "Ridderinkhof, K Richard", "Madsen, Kristoffer H", "Siebner, Hartwig R" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4081-13.2014", "keywords": [ "N fMRI", "N pre-SMA", "N reward", "D016428 Journal Article", "N TMS", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N motor control", "N Simon task" ], "number_of_pages": 3204, "pages": "3210-7", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 9.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1529-2401", "publisher": "Society for Neuroscience", "sjr": 2.35, "snip": 1.471, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2014-02-01", "selected": false, "title": "Motivational tuning of fronto-subthalamic connectivity facilitates control of action impulses.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The dentato-thalamo-cortical tract (DTCT) connects the lateral cerebellum with contralateral motor and nonmotor areas, such as the primary motor cortex (M1), the ventral premotor cortex (PMv), and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). As the acquisition of precisely timed finger movements requires the interplay between these brain regions, the structural integrity of the underlying connections might explain variance in behavior. Diffusion tensor imaging was used to 1) reconstruct the DTCT connecting the dentate nucleus with M1, PMv, and DLPFC and 2) examine to which extent their microstructural integrity (tract-related fractional anisotropy) relates to learning gains in a motor-sequence learning paradigm consisting of a synchronization and continuation part. Continuous DTCT were reconstructed from the dentate nucleus to all cortical target areas. We found that the microstructural integrity of the DTCT connecting the left dentate nucleus with the right DLPFC was associated with better early consolidation in rhythm continuation (R = -0.69, P = 0.02). The present data further advances the knowledge about a right-hemispheric timing network in the human brain with the DLPFC as an important node contributing to learning gains in precise movement timing.", "authors": [ "Schulz, Robert", "Wessel, Maximilian J", "Zimerman, M\u00e1ximo", "Timmermann, Jan E", "Gerloff, Christian", "Hummel, Friedhelm C" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1093/cercor/bht356", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N FA", "N cerebello-thalamo-cortical tract", "N sequence", "N timing", "N diffusion" ], "number_of_pages": 1694, "pages": "1707-14", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 8.2, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1460-2199", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "sjr": 1.738, "snip": 1.159, "subject_areas": [ "Cognitive Neuroscience", "Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience" ], "title": "Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)" }, "publication_date": "2014-01-16", "selected": false, "title": "White Matter Integrity of Specific Dentato-Thalamo-Cortical Pathways is Associated with Learning Gains in Precise Movement Timing.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of top management support (TMS) and inter-organizational relationships (IORs) on external involvement (EI), and their differences across different ownerships. Design/methodology/approach - To test the research hypotheses, structural equation modeling was conducted using data from 176 Chinese manufacturing firms. Findings - TMS enhances relationship with customers and relationship with suppliers. Relationship with customers increases the degree of customer involvement, while relationship with suppliers increases the degree of supplier involvement. In addition, TMS improves customer involvement while does not improve supplier involvement directly. A further analysis reveals that the relationship between TMS and supplier involvement is partially mediated by relationship with suppliers in Chinese-controlled firms, whereas it is completely mediated by relationship with suppliers in foreign-controlled firms. Moreover, the effect of relationship with suppliers on supplier involvement is stronger in foreign-controlled firms than in Chinese-controlled firms. Research limitations/implications - This study employed perceptual data from a single respondent in each firm. In addition, the data used in this study were collected from one side of the dyad: the manufacturers. Practical implications - Both Chinese-controlled and foreign-controlled firms should get support from top management and develop close relationship with customers and suppliers to improve EI. Originality value - This study extends our knowledge in the field by examining how TMS and prior history of IORs can improve the degree of EI. \u00c2\u00a9 Emerald Group Publishing Limited.", "authors": [ "Feng, T.", "Zhao, G." ], "categories": null, "citations": 24, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus" ], "doi": "10.1108/IMDS-03-2013-0127", "keywords": [ "Relationship with suppliers", "Supplier involvement", "Top management support", "Customer involvement", "Relationship with customers" ], "number_of_pages": 24, "pages": "526-549", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 8.3, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "02635577", "publisher": "Emerald Group Publishing Ltd.", "sjr": 1.219, "snip": 1.446, "subject_areas": [ "Computer Science Applications", "Strategy and Management", "Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering", "Management Information Systems", "Industrial Relations" ], "title": "Industrial Management and Data Systems" }, "publication_date": "2014-01-01", "selected": false, "title": "Top management support, inter-organizational relationships and external involvement", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84899919179&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "This case study assessed the perceived effect of Child Parent Relationship Therapy (CPRT) on a Sudanese refugee family. The researchers used an intrinsic case study approach (Stake, 1995) involving both qualitative and quantitative data to provide an in-depth analysis and discussion of change in a Sudanese father and son dyad. Three standardized assessments were used in this study: the Parenting Stress Index (PSI), the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and the Teacher\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00e2\u0084\u00a2s Report Form (TRF). The CPRT protocol was modified to accommodate to the needs presented by the family in the Sudanese refugee context. Quantitative analyses showed the effectiveness of CPRT in reducing parental stress and in reducing the child\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00e2\u0084\u00a2s externalizing behaviors in the Sudanese family. The qualitative aspects of this study revealed that a critical factor in achieving these outcomes is the ability of the family to navigate a traumatic loss in the family. The father became more open to his own grieving process during the CPRT intervention, which in turn facilitated the child\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00e2\u0084\u00a2s bereavement process through play. This study indicates the potential effectiveness of CPRT with refugee families. It provides indicators of legitimacy, usefulness, and compatibility with the Sudanese. Cultural responsiveness to the unique context of refugee families may necessitate modifications to the CPRT protocol and treatment so that mental health practitioners meet the felt needs of the families they seek to serve. (PsycINFO Database Record \u00c2\u00a9 2014 APA, all rights reserved).", "authors": [ "Lim, S.-L.", "Ogawa, Y." ], "categories": null, "citations": 7, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus" ], "doi": "10.1037/a0036362", "keywords": [ "play therapy", "Child parent relationship therapy (cprt)", "filial therapy", "refugee families", "Sudanese families" ], "number_of_pages": 20, "pages": "70-89", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 1.8, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "15556824", "publisher": "American Psychological Association", "sjr": 0.3, "snip": 0.65, "subject_areas": [ "Complementary and Manual Therapy", "Clinical Psychology" ], "title": "International Journal of Play Therapy" }, "publication_date": "2014-01-01", "selected": false, "title": "\"Once i had kids, now i am raising kids\": Child-parent relationship therapy (CPRT) with a sudanese refugee family-a case study", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84897982997&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE Oscillatory activity in the beta band is increased in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Rigidity and bradykinesia are associated with the low-beta component (13-20Hz) but the neurophysiological correlate of freezing of gait in PD has not been ascertained.\nMETHODS METHODS We evaluated the power and coherence of the low- and high-beta bands in the STN and cortex (EEG) of PD patients with (p-FOG) (n=14) or without freezing of gait (n-FOG) (n=8) in whom electrodes for chronic stimulation in the STN had been implanted for treatment with deep brain stimulation.\nRESULTS RESULTS p-FOG patients showed higher power in the high-beta band (F=11.6, p=0.002) that was significantly reduced after l-dopa administration along with suppression of FOG (F=4.6, p=0.042). High-beta cortico-STN coherence was maximal for midline cortical EEG electrodes, whereas the low-beta band was maximal for lateral electrodes (\u03c7(2)=20.60, p<0.0001).\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS The association between freezing of gait, high-beta STN oscillations and cortico-STN coherence suggests that this oscillatory activity might interfere in the frontal cortex-basal ganglia networks, thereby participating in the pathophysiology of FOG in PD.", "authors": [ "Toledo, Jon B", "L\u00f3pez-Azc\u00e1rate, Jon", "Garcia-Garcia, David", "Guridi, Jorge", "Valencia, Miguel", "Artieda, Julio", "Obeso, Jose", "Alegre, Manuel", "Rodriguez-Oroz, Maria" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.nbd.2013.12.005", "keywords": [ "N Parkinson's disease", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Beta activity", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Subthalamic nucleus", "N Freezing of gait", "N Oscillatory activity" ], "number_of_pages": 56, "pages": "60-5", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 12.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1095-953X", "publisher": "Academic Press Inc.", "sjr": 1.893, "snip": 1.245, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology" ], "title": "Neurobiology of disease" }, "publication_date": "2013-12-17", "selected": false, "title": "High beta activity in the subthalamic nucleus and freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Postural tremor is the leading symptom in essential tremor, but in some cases intention tremor and limb ataxia emerge and can become highly disabling features. Deep brain stimulation of the thalamus or subthalamic white matter improve tremor and ataxia; however, the underlying network mechanisms are enigmatic. To elucidate the mechanisms of deep brain stimulation in essential tremor, we pursued a multimodal approach combining kinematic measures of reach-to-grasp movements, clinical assessments, physiological measures of neuronal excitability and probabilistic tractography from diffusion tensor imaging. Seven patients with essential tremor (age 62.9 \u00b1 10.3 years, two females) received thalamic deep brain stimulation and a clinical examination of severity of limb tremor and ataxia at off stimulation, using therapeutic and supratherapeutic stimulation parameters. A reach-to-grasp task based on acoustic cues was also performed. To examine the electrical properties of target structures, we determined the chronaxie of neural elements modulated. A control group of 13 healthy subjects (age 56 \u00b1 7.6 years, five females) underwent whole-brain diffusion tensor imaging at 3 T. Probabilistic tractography was applied in healthy subjects from seeds in cerebellum and midbrain to reconstruct the connectivity pattern of the subthalamic area. The positions of stimulation electrodes in patients were transferred into probability maps and connectivity values were correlated to clinical outcome measures. Therapeutic stimulation improved ataxia and tremor mainly during the target period of the reaching paradigm (63% reduction compared with off stimulation). Notably the acceleration (29%) and deceleration periods (41%) were improved. By contrast, supratherapeutic stimulation worsened ataxia during the deceleration period with a 55% increase of spatial variability, while maintaining near complete suppression of tremor. Chronaxie measures were in the range of rapidly-conducting myelinated fibres with significantly different values for the anti-tremor effect of therapeutic stimulation (27 s) and the pro-ataxic effect of supratherapeutic stimulation (52 s). The degree of connectivity to the dentato-thalamic tract at the stimulating electrode correlated significantly with the reduction of tremor in the therapeutic condition. Our data suggest that stimulation induced tremor reduction and induction of ataxia by supratherapeutic stimulation are mediated by different fibre systems. Probalistic tractography identified the dentato-thalamic tract as a likely target of tremor suppression. Stimulation-induced ataxia may be caused by additional recruitment of adjacent fibre systems at higher amplitudes. Stimulation with short pulse duration may help to increase the therapeutic window and focus on the anti-tremor effect.", "authors": [ "Groppa, Sergiu", "Herzog, Jan", "Falk, Daniela", "Riedel, Christian", "Deuschl, G\u00fcnther", "Volkmann, Jens" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1093/brain/awt304", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N essential tremor", "N tractography", "N deep brain stimulation", "N cerebellum", "N ataxia" ], "number_of_pages": 89, "pages": "109-21", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 20.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1460-2156", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "sjr": 4.437, "snip": 3.147, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)" ], "title": "Brain : a journal of neurology" }, "publication_date": "2013-11-25", "selected": false, "title": "Physiological and anatomical decomposition of subthalamic neurostimulation effects in essential tremor.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND BACKGROUND Verbal Fluency is reduced in patients with Parkinson's disease, particularly if treated with deep brain stimulation. This deficit could arise from general factors, such as reduced working speed or from dysfunctions in specific lexical domains.\nOBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE To test whether DBS-associated Verbal Fluency deficits are accompanied by changed dynamics of word processing.\nMETHODS METHODS 21 Parkinson's disease patients with and 26 without deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus as well as 19 healthy controls participated in the study. They engaged in Verbal Fluency and (primed) Lexical Decision Tasks, testing phonemic and semantic word production and processing time. Most patients performed the experiments twice, ON and OFF stimulation or, respectively, dopaminergic drugs.\nRESULTS RESULTS Patients generally produced abnormally few words in the Verbal Fluency Task. This deficit was more severe in patients with deep brain stimulation who additionally showed prolonged response latencies in the Lexical Decision Task. Slowing was independent of semantic and phonemic word priming. No significant changes of performance accuracy were obtained. The results were independent from the treatment ON or OFF conditions.\nCONCLUSION CONCLUSIONS Low word production in patients with deep brain stimulation was accompanied by prolonged latencies for lexical decisions. No indication was found that the latter slowing was due to specific lexical dysfunctions, so that it probably reflects a general reduction of cognitive working speed, also evident on the level of Verbal Fluency. The described abnormalities seem to reflect subtle sequelae of the surgical procedure for deep brain stimulation rather than of the proper neurostimulation.", "authors": [ "Ehlen, Felicitas", "Krugel, Lea K", "Vonberg, Isabelle", "Schoenecker, Thomas", "K\u00fchn, Andrea A", "Klostermann, Fabian" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0079247", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "e79247", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1932-6203", "publisher": "Public Library of Science", "sjr": 0.885, "snip": 1.253, "subject_areas": [ "Multidisciplinary" ], "title": "PloS one" }, "publication_date": "2013-11-13", "selected": false, "title": "Intact lexicon running slowly--prolonged response latencies in patients with subthalamic DBS and verbal fluency deficits.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) influences cortical processes. Recent findings indicate, however, that, in turn, the efficacy of TMS depends on the state of ongoing cortical oscillations. Whereas power and phase of electromyographic (EMG) activity recorded from the hand muscles as well as neural synchrony between cortex and hand muscles are known to influence the effect of TMS, to date, no study has shown an influence of the phase of cortical oscillations during wakefulness. We applied single-pulse TMS over the motor cortex and recorded motor-evoked potentials along with the electroencephalogram (EEG) and EMG. We correlated phase and power of ongoing EEG and EMG signals with the motor-evoked potential (MEP) amplitude. We also investigated the functional connectivity between cortical and hand muscle activity (corticomuscular coherence) with the MEP amplitude. EEG and EMG power and phase in a frequency band around 18 Hz correlated with the MEP amplitude. High beta-band (~34 Hz) corticomuscular coherence exhibited a positive linear relationship with the MEP amplitude, indicating that strong synchrony between cortex and hand muscles at the moment when TMS is applied entails large MEPs. Improving upon previous studies, we demonstrate a clear dependence of TMSinduced motor effects on the state of ongoing EEG phase and power fluctuations. We conclude that not only the sampling of incoming information but also the susceptibility of cortical communication flow depends cyclically on neural phase. \u00c2\u00a9 2014 the American Physiological Society.", "authors": [ "Keil, Julian", "Timm, Jana", "Sanmiguel, Iria", "Schulz, Hannah", "Obleser, Jonas", "Sch\u00f6nwiesner, Marc" ], "categories": null, "citations": 78, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1152/jn.00387.2013", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "N corticospinal coherence", "N EMG", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N phase", "N EEG", "N power" ], "number_of_pages": 505, "pages": "513-519", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1522-1598", "publisher": "American Physiological Society", "sjr": 1.067, "snip": 0.974, "subject_areas": [ "Physiology", "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Journal of neurophysiology" }, "publication_date": "2013-11-06", "selected": false, "title": "Cortical brain states and corticospinal synchronization influence TMS-evoked motor potentials.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84893418320&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND BACKGROUND Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been used to reveal excitability changes of the primary motor cortex (M1) in Parkinson's disease (PD). Abnormal rhythmic neural activities are considered to play pathophysiological roles in the motor symptoms of PD. The cortical responses to external rhythmic stimulation have not been studied in PD. We recently reported a new method of triad-conditioning TMS to detect the excitability changes after rhythmic conditioning stimuli, which induce facilitation by 40-Hz stimulation in healthy volunteers.\nOBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE We applied a triad-conditioning TMS to PD patients to reveal the motor cortical response characteristics to rhythmic TMS.\nMETHODS METHODS The subjects included 13 PD patients and 14 healthy volunteers. Three conditioning stimuli over M1 at an intensity of 110% active motor threshold preceded the test TMS at various inter-stimulus intervals corresponding to 10-200 Hz.\nRESULTS RESULTS The triad-conditioning TMS at 40 Hz induced no MEP enhancement in PD patients in either the On or Off state, in contrast to the facilitation observed in the normal subjects. Triad-conditioning TMS at 20-33 Hz in the beta frequency elicited significant MEP suppression in PD patients. The amount of suppression at 20 Hz positively correlated with the UPDRS III score.\nCONCLUSION CONCLUSIONS We observed abnormal M1 responses to rhythmic TMS in PD. The suppression induced by beta frequency stimulation and no facilitation by 40-Hz stimulation may be related to abnormal beta and gamma band activities within the cortical-basal ganglia network in PD patients. The motor cortical response to rhythmic TMS may be an additional method to detect physiological changes in humans.", "authors": [ "Hanajima, Ritsuko", "Terao, Yasuo", "Shirota, Yuichiro", "Ohminami, Shinya", "Tsutsumi, Ryosuke", "Shimizu, Takahiro", "Tanaka, Nobuyuki", "Okabe, Shingo", "Tsuji, Shoji", "Ugawa, Yoshikazu" ], "categories": null, "citations": 8, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.brs.2013.09.013", "keywords": [ "N Transcranial magnetic stimulation", "D016430 Clinical Trial", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Beta band", "N Gamma band", "N Motor cortex", "N Intrinsic oscillation" ], "number_of_pages": 66, "pages": "74-79", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 12.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1876-4754", "publisher": "Elsevier Inc.", "sjr": 2.184, "snip": 1.816, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Biophysics", "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Brain stimulation" }, "publication_date": "2013-10-02", "selected": false, "title": "Triad-conditioning transcranial magnetic stimulation in Parkinson's disease.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84891832109&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Electrical stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus is an established treatment for patients with advanced Parkinson's disease with pharmacologically unresponsive fluctuations. Compared with pharmacological treatment, subthalamic neurostimulation significantly improves motor symptoms, particularly during the phases of poor response to drug treatment, and reduces the severity of dyskinesias. Importantly, it also significantly improves quality of life and other integral measures of disease severity. The treatment response can last for more than 10 years, although there is no evidence that levodopa-resistant symptoms are delayed by subthalamic neurostimulation. At present, the mean disease duration for patients at the time of implantation is 12 years. In a recent study (EARLYSTIM) in patients with a disease duration of 7\u00b75 years and fluctuations for 1\u00b75 years, similar improvements in clinical outcomes were reported. These findings suggest that neurostimulation of the subthalamic nucleus could be used earlier in the disease course for carefully selected patients if the benefits of the treatment are weighed against the surgical risks and the lifelong need for specialised care by an experienced team. As mobility is consistently improved during the times with poor mobility by reducing fluctuations and delaying levodopa-sensitive complications, we propose that this treatment changes the disease course.", "authors": [ "Deuschl, G\u00fcnther", "Agid, Yves" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70151-0", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 992, "pages": "1025-34", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 62.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1474-4465", "publisher": "Elsevier Ltd.", "sjr": 9.819, "snip": 13.538, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)" ], "title": "The Lancet. Neurology" }, "publication_date": "2013-10-01", "selected": false, "title": "Subthalamic neurostimulation for Parkinson's disease with early fluctuations: balancing the risks and benefits.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND BACKGROUND Selection of patients with Parkinson's disease for neurostimulation of subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) is still poorly studied.\nAIM OBJECTIVE To identify the impact of age and disease duration on the outcome of bilateral STN-DBS.\nMETHODS METHODS 110 operated patients in a single center covering a large range of age and disease duration were retrospectively included and followed for up-to 5 years. Standardized UPDRS assessments were obtained at 0.5-1 and 3-5 years. Patients were stratified into three age groups (\u2264 55, 56-64 and \u2265 65 years) and the middle age group was further stratified into 2 disease duration subgroups (<15 years, \u2265 15 years).\nRESULTS RESULTS The age groups had comparable baseline data except for the predefined differences. Compared to baseline early and late intra-group \"Med Off-Stim On\" motor scores were significantly improved for all groups (p < 0.001). Mood/cognition were significantly improved in younger two groups (p = 0.008, 0.019) at 0.5-1 year. Inter-group comparisons showed significantly worse early and late axial scores for older patients (p < 0.05). All groups had comparable postoperative improvement except for the older group which had significantly less improvement of early UPDRS-II, late UPDRS-I, and early and late PIGD/axial scores. Different disease durations had no effect on the outcome except for worse Schwab and England Off-score in longer duration group (p = 0.02). Side effects of surgery and long-term management were similar.\nCONCLUSION CONCLUSIONS STN-DBS is an efficient treatment of advanced PD for all treated age-groups. Provided strict inclusion criteria are respected, older age and longer disease duration are associated with slightly worse effects mainly on L-dopa-resistant symptoms.", "authors": [ "Shalash, Ali", "Alexoudi, Athanasia", "Knudsen, Karina", "Volkmann, Jens", "Mehdorn, Maximilian", "Deuschl, G\u00fcnther" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.parkreldis.2013.09.014", "keywords": [ "N Parkinson's disease", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Age", "N Duration", "N Subthalamic nucleus", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Neurostimulation" ], "number_of_pages": 6, "pages": "47-52", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1873-5126", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "sjr": 1.05, "snip": 1.19, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Geriatrics and Gerontology", "Neurology" ], "title": "Parkinsonism & related disorders" }, "publication_date": "2013-09-20", "selected": false, "title": "The impact of age and disease duration on the long term outcome of neurostimulation of the subthalamic nucleus.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND BACKGROUND Early observations by von Economo showed that the posterior part of the hypothalamus (PH) plays a prominent role in sleep-wake regulation. The PH is a candidate area involved in cluster headaches and other trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs) and is targeted for deep brain stimulation (DBS).\nCASE REPORTS METHODS Sleep studies in two men, 69- and 39-years-old, with pre-existing sleep disorders, before and after PH-DBS for pharamacoresistant cluster headache and SUNCT syndrome showed that PH-DBS led to a dramatic alteration of the patients' sleep patterns. This coincided with an improvement of the predominantly diurnal TACs, suggesting a PH-DBS-induced change in sleep patterns. Hypnograms after DBS demonstrated disrupted sleep and a prolonged period of wakefulness after midnight in both patients, which was reproduced the second night.\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS PH-DBS, a promising treatment for severe refractory TACs, affects sleep quality and pre-existing sleep disorders. This needs to be considered when treating patients with PH-DBS.", "authors": [ "Kovac, Stjepana", "Wright, Mary-Anne", "Eriksson, Sofia H", "Zrinzo, Ludvic", "Matharu, Manjit", "Walker, Matthew C" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1177/0333102413505241", "keywords": [ "N DBS", "N REM behavioural disorder", "N trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias", "D016428 Journal Article", "N cluster headache", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N Parasomnia", "D002363 Case Reports" ], "number_of_pages": 197, "pages": "219-23", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 10.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1468-2982", "publisher": "SAGE Publications Ltd", "sjr": 1.561, "snip": 1.551, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)" ], "title": "Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache" }, "publication_date": "2013-09-17", "selected": false, "title": "The effect of posterior hypothalamus region deep brain stimulation on sleep.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Cognitive deficits are a core feature of schizophrenia. Among these deficits, working memory impairment is considered a central cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. The prefrontal cortex, a region critical for working memory performance, has been demonstrated as a critical liability region in schizophrenia. As yet, there are no standardized treatment options for working memory deficits in schizophrenia. In this review, we summarize the neuronal basis for working memory impairment in schizophrenia, including dysfunction in prefrontal signaling pathways (e.g., \u00ce\u00b3-aminobutyric acid transmission) and neural network synchrony (e.g., gamma/theta oscillations). We discuss therapeutic strategies for working memory dysfunction such as pharmacological agents, cognitive remediation therapy, and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Despite the drawbacks of current approaches, the advances in neurobiological and translational treatment strategies suggest that clinical application of these methods will occur in the near future. \u00c2\u00a9 2014 Society of Biological Psychiatry.", "authors": [ "Lett, Tristram A", "Voineskos, Aristotle N", "Kennedy, James L", "Levine, Brian", "Daskalakis, Zafiris J" ], "categories": null, "citations": 171, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.07.026", "keywords": [ "N neurophysiology", "N Cognition", "N schizophrenia", "D016428 Journal Article", "N TMS", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "D016454 Review", "N working memory", "N EEG" ], "number_of_pages": 292, "pages": "361-370", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 19.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1873-2402", "publisher": "Elsevier USA", "sjr": 3.768, "snip": 2.412, "subject_areas": [ "Biological Psychiatry" ], "title": "Biological psychiatry" }, "publication_date": "2013-09-05", "selected": false, "title": "Treating working memory deficits in schizophrenia: a review of the neurobiology.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84893472659&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Paired associative stimulation (PAS) consists of the repetitive pairing of a peripheral electrical and a central magnetic stimulus at low frequency. This chapter focuses on the possible use of PAS in altering the control of lower limb muscles and in particular the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle. The motor evoked potential (MEP) elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is enhanced when PAS is delivered in synchrony with rhythmic voluntary contraction. However, clinical application of such an intervention focuses on populations with motor dysfunction. The chapter presents a study that investigates whether an artificially induced muscular contraction can result in a similar effect as a voluntary contraction. It provides reports on the possible functional implications following the application of PAS. Results reveal that PAS delivered to the resting TA results in significant facilitation of respective motor cortical projections without a concomitant change in basic functional measures. \u00c2\u00a9 2013 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved.", "authors": [ "Mrachacz-Kersting, N." ], "categories": null, "citations": 4, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus" ], "doi": "10.1002/9781118628522.ch27", "keywords": [ "Somatosensory evoked potentials", "Tibialis anterior (TA) muscle", "Peripheral nerve stimulation", "Lower limb muscles", "Motor evoked potential (MEP)", "Short interval intracortical inhibition", "Paired associative stimulation (PAS)", "Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)" ], "number_of_pages": 20, "pages": "529-548", "publication": { "category": "Book", "cite_score": null, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": "9781118628522", "issn": null, "publisher": null, "sjr": null, "snip": null, "subject_areas": [], "title": "Introduction to Neural Engineering for Motor Rehabilitation" }, "publication_date": "2013-07-15", "selected": false, "title": "Paired Associative Stimulation", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84958146664&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND BACKGROUND The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is an anatomically and functionally heterogeneous area which influences cognitive and limbic processing through connectivity to subcortical targets. As proposed by Alexander et al. (1986) the lateral and medial aspects of the PFC project to distinct areas of the striatum in parallel but functionally distinct circuits. The purpose of this preliminary study was to determine if we could differentially and consistently activate these lateral and medial cortical-subcortical circuits involved in executive and limbic processing though interleaved transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in the MR environment.\nMETHODS METHODS Seventeen healthy individuals received interleaved TMS-BOLD imaging with the coil positioned over the dorsolateral (EEG: F3) and ventromedial PFC (EEG: FP1). BOLD signal change was calculated in the areas directly stimulated by the coil and in subcortical regions with afferent and efferent connectivity to the TMS target areas. Additionally, five individuals were tested on two occasions to determine test-retest reliability.\nRESULTS RESULTS Region of interest analysis revealed that TMS at both prefrontal sites led to significant BOLD signal increases in the cortex under the coil, in the striatum, and the thalamus, but not in the visual cortex (negative control region). There was a significantly larger BOLD signal change in the caudate following medial PFC TMS, relative to lateral TMS. The hippocampus in contrast was significantly more activated by lateral TMS. Post-hoc voxel-based analysis revealed that within the caudate the location of peak activity was in the ventral caudate following medial TMS and the dorsal caudate following lateral TMS. Test-retest reliability data revealed consistent BOLD responses to TMS within each individual but a large variation between individuals.\nCONCLUSION CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that, through an optimized TMS/BOLD sequence over two unique prefrontal targets, it is possible to selectively interrogate the patency of these established cortical-subcortical networks in healthy individuals, and potentially patient populations.", "authors": [ "Hanlon, Colleen A", "Canterberry, Melanie", "Taylor, Joseph J", "DeVries, William", "Li, Xingbao", "Brown, Truman R", "George, Mark S" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0067917", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "e67917", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1932-6203", "publisher": "Public Library of Science", "sjr": 0.885, "snip": 1.253, "subject_areas": [ "Multidisciplinary" ], "title": "PloS one" }, "publication_date": "2013-07-09", "selected": false, "title": "Probing the frontostriatal loops involved in executive and limbic processing via interleaved TMS and functional MRI at two prefrontal locations: a pilot study.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus improves motor functions in patients suffering from advanced Parkinson's disease but in some patients, it is also associated with a mild decline in cognitive functioning about one standard deviation from the preoperative state. We assessed the impact of the cortical lead entry point, the subcortical electrode path and the position of the active electrode contacts on neuropsychological changes after subthalamic nucleus-deep brain stimulation compared to a control group of patients receiving best medical treatment. Sixty-eight patients with advanced Parkinson's disease were randomly assigned to have subthalamic nucleus-deep brain stimulation or best medical treatment for Parkinson's disease. All patients had a blinded standardized neuropsychological exam (Mattis Dementia Rating scale, backward digit span, verbal fluency and Stroop task performance) at baseline and after 6 months of treatment. Patients with subthalamic nucleus-deep brain stimulation were defined as impaired according to a mild decline of one or more standard deviations compared to patients in the best medical treatment group. The cortical entry point of the electrodes, the electrode trajectories and the position of the active electrode contact were transferred into a normalized brain volume by an automated, non-linear registration algorithm to allow accurate statistical group analysis using pre- and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging data. Data of 31 patients of the subthalamic nucleus-deep brain stimulation group and 31 patients of the best medical treatment group were analysed. The subthalamic nucleus-deep brain stimulation group showed impaired semantic fluency compared with the best medical treatment group 6 months after surgery (P = 0.02). Electrode trajectories intersecting with caudate nuclei increased the risk of a decline in global cognition and working memory performance. Statistically, for every 0.1 ml overlap with a caudate nucleus, the odds for a decline >1 standard deviation increased by a factor of 37.4 (odds ratio, confidence interval 2.1-371.8) for the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale and by a factor of 8.8 (odds ratio, confidence interval 1.0-70.9) for the backward digit span task. Patients with subthalamic nucleus-deep brain stimulation who declined in semantic verbal fluency, Stroop task and the backward digit span task performance showed a position of the active electrode outside the volume built by the active electrodes of stable performers. Passage of the chronic stimulation lead through the head of the caudate increases the risk of global cognitive decline and working memory performance after subthalamic nucleus-deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease. Therefore the electrode path should be planned outside the caudate nuclei, whenever possible. This study also stresses the importance of precise positioning of the active stimulating contact within the subthalamic volume to avoid adverse effects on semantic verbal fluency and response inhibition.", "authors": [ "Witt, Karsten", "Granert, Oliver", "Daniels, Christine", "Volkmann, Jens", "Falk, Daniela", "van Eimeren, Thilo", "Deuschl, G\u00fcnther" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1093/brain/awt151", "keywords": [ "N Parkinson\u2019s disease", "D016428 Journal Article", "N neuropsychological complications", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N cognition", "D016449 Randomized Controlled Trial", "N lead trajectory", "N deep brain stimulation", "N electrode placement" ], "number_of_pages": 2091, "pages": "2109-19", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 20.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1460-2156", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "sjr": 4.437, "snip": 3.147, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)" ], "title": "Brain : a journal of neurology" }, "publication_date": "2013-07-01", "selected": false, "title": "Relation of lead trajectory and electrode position to neuropsychological outcomes of subthalamic neurostimulation in Parkinson's disease: results from a randomized trial.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Infant vocalizations are among the most biologically salient sounds in the environment and can draw the listener to the infant rapidly in both times of distress and joy. A region of the midbrain, the periaqueductal gray (PAG), has long been implicated in the control of urgent, survival-related behaviours. To test for PAG involvement in the processing of infant vocalizations, we recorded local field potentials from macroelectrodes implanted in this region in four adults who had undergone deep brain stimulation. We found a significant difference occurring as early as 49 ms after hearing a sound in activity recorded from the PAG in response to infant vocalizations compared with constructed control sounds and adult and animal affective vocalizations. This difference was not present in recordings from thalamic electrodes implanted in three of the patients. Time frequency analyses revealed distinct patterns of activity in the PAG for infant vocalisations, constructed control sounds and adult and animal vocalisations. These results suggest that human infant vocalizations can be discriminated from other emotional or acoustically similar sounds early in the auditory pathway. We propose that this specific, rapid activity in response to infant vocalizations may reflect the initiation of a state of heightened alertness necessary to instigate protective caregiving.", "authors": [ "Parsons, Christine E", "Young, Katherine S", "Joensson, Morten", "Brattico, Elvira", "Hyam, Jonathan A", "Stein, Alan", "Green, Alexander L", "Aziz, Tipu Z", "Kringelbach, Morten L" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1093/scan/nst076", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "N infant", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N parenting", "N periaqueductal gray", "N midbrain", "N deep brain stimulation", "N local field potentials" ], "number_of_pages": 894, "pages": "977-84", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.8, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1749-5024", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "sjr": 1.602, "snip": 1.285, "subject_areas": [ "Cognitive Neuroscience", "Experimental and Cognitive Psychology" ], "title": "Social cognitive and affective neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2013-05-29", "selected": false, "title": "Ready for action: a role for the human midbrain in responding to infant vocalizations.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Joint actions require the integration of simultaneous self- and other-related behaviour. Here, we investigated whether this function is underpinned by motor simulation, that is the capacity to represent a perceived action in terms of the neural resources required to execute it. This was tested in a music performance experiment wherein on-line brain stimulation (double-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation, dTMS) was employed to interfere with motor simulation. Pianists played the right-hand part of piano pieces in synchrony with a recording of the left-hand part, which had (Trained) or had not (Untrained) been practiced beforehand. Training was assumed to enhance motor simulation. The task required adaptation to tempo changes in the lefthand part that, in critical conditions, were preceded by dTMS delivered over the right primary motor cortex. Accuracy of tempo adaptation following dTMS or sham stimulations was compared across Trained and Untrained conditions. Results indicate that dTMS impaired tempo adaptation accuracy only during the perception of trained actions. The magnitude of this interference was greater in empathic individuals possessing a strong tendency to adopt others' perspectives. These findings suggest that motor simulation provides a functional resource for the temporal coordination of one's own behaviour with others in dynamic social contexts. \u00c2\u00a9 The Author (2013). Published by Oxford University Press.", "authors": [ "Novembre, Giacomo", "Ticini, Luca F", "Sch\u00fctz-Bosbach, Simone", "Keller, Peter E" ], "categories": null, "citations": 75, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1093/scan/nst086", "keywords": [ "N motor simulation", "D016428 Journal Article", "N TMS", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N empathy", "N music", "N joint action", "N temporal coordination" ], "number_of_pages": 1055, "pages": "1062-1068", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.8, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1749-5024", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "sjr": 1.602, "snip": 1.285, "subject_areas": [ "Cognitive Neuroscience", "Experimental and Cognitive Psychology" ], "title": "Social cognitive and affective neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2013-05-24", "selected": false, "title": "Motor simulation and the coordination of self and other in real-time joint action.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84905919166&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "The mirror neuron hypothesis of autism is highly controversial, in part because there are conflicting reports as to whether putative indices of mirror system activity are actually deficient in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Recent evidence suggests that a typical putative mirror system response may be seen in people with an ASD when there is a degree of social relevance to the visual stimuli used to elicit that response. Individuals with ASD (n = 32) and matched neurotypical controls (n = 32) completed a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) experiment in which the left primary motor cortex (M1) was stimulated during the observation of static hands, individual (i.e., one person) hand actions, and interactive (i.e., two person) hand actions. Motor-evoked potentials (MEP) were recorded from the contralateral first dorsal interosseous, and used to generate an index of interpersonal motor resonance (IMR; a putative measure of mirror system activity) during action observation. There was no difference between ASD and NT groups in the level of IMR during the observation of these actions. These findings provide evidence against a global mirror system deficit in ASD, and this evidence appears to extend beyond stimuli that have social relevance. Attentional and visual processing influences may be important for understanding the apparent role of IMR in the pathophysiology of ASD.", "authors": [ "Enticott, Peter G", "Kennedy, Hayley A", "Rinehart, Nicole J", "Bradshaw, John L", "Tonge, Bruce J", "Daskalakis, Zafiris J", "Fitzgerald, Paul B" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.3389/fnhum.2013.00218", "keywords": [ "N electromyography", "#text", "N primary motor cortex", "N interaction", "N transcranial magnetic stimulation", "N mirror neurons", "@UI" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "218", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 4.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1662-5161", "publisher": "Frontiers Media S.A.", "sjr": 0.787, "snip": 1.033, "subject_areas": [ "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Neurology", "Biological Psychiatry", "Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology", "Behavioral Neuroscience" ], "title": "Frontiers in human neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2013-05-23", "selected": false, "title": "Interpersonal motor resonance in autism spectrum disorder: evidence against a global \"mirror system\" deficit.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "PURPOSE OF REVIEW OBJECTIVE Neurostimulation has emerged as a viable treatment for intractable chronic cluster headache. Several therapeutic strategies are being investigated including stimulation of the hypothalamus, occipital nerves and sphenopalatine ganglion. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the rationale, methods and progress for each of these.\nLATEST FINDINGS UNASSIGNED Results from a randomized, controlled trial investigating sphenopalatine ganglion stimulation have just been published. Reportedly the surgery is relatively simple and it is apparently the only therapy that provides relief acutely.\nSUMMARY CONCLUSIONS The rationale behind these therapies is based on growing evidence from clinical, hormonal and neuroimaging studies. The overall results are encouraging, but unfortunately not all patients have benefited. All the mentioned therapies require weeks to months of stimulation for a prophylactic effect to occur, suggesting brain plasticity as a possible mechanism, and only stimulation of the sphenopalatine ganglion has demonstrated an acute, abortive effect. Predictors of effect for all modes of neurostimulation still need to be identified and in the future, the least invasive and most effective strategy must be preferred as first-line therapy for intractable chronic cluster headache.", "authors": [ "Pedersen, Jeppe L", "Barloese, Mads", "Jensen, Rigmor H" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1177/0333102413489040", "keywords": [ "N drug resistant", "D016428 Journal Article", "N Cluster headache", "N neurostimulation", "N sphenopalatine ganglion stimulation", "D016454 Review", "N occipital nerve stimulation", "N hypothalamus", "N deep brain stimulation" ], "number_of_pages": 1087, "pages": "1179-93", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 10.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1468-2982", "publisher": "SAGE Publications Ltd", "sjr": 1.561, "snip": 1.551, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)" ], "title": "Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache" }, "publication_date": "2013-05-17", "selected": false, "title": "Neurostimulation in cluster headache: a review of current progress.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE Sensorimotor integration is impaired in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Short latency afferent inhibition (SAI) and long latency afferent inhibition (LAI) measured with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used to measure sensorimotor integration. Subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been found to restore these abnormalities, but the time course of these changes is not known. We prospectively evaluated the short-term and long-term effects of STN DBS on SAI, LAI and proprioception. We hypothesised plasticity changes induced by chronic stimulation are necessary to normalise sensorimotor integration and proprioception.\nMETHODS METHODS Patients with PD were studied preoperatively, at 1 month and more than 6 months postoperatively. SAI was tested with median nerve stimulation to the wrist preceding TMS pulse to motor cortex by ~20 ms and LAI by 200 ms. Proprioception (distance and spatial errors) in the arm was quantitatively assessed. For postoperative assessments, patients were studied in the medication-off/stimulator-off, medication-off/stimulator-on, medication-on/stimulator-off and medication-on/stimulator-on conditions.\nRESULTS RESULTS 11 patients with PD and 10 controls were enrolled. Preoperatively, SAI and proprioception was abnormal during the medication-on conditions and LAI was reduced regardless of the medication status. STN DBS had no significant effect on SAI, LAI and proprioception at 1 month. However, at 6 months SAI, LAI and distance errors were normalised in the medication-on/stimulator-on condition. Spatial error was normalised with DBS on and off.\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS Chronic STN DBS in PD normalises sensorimotor integration and proprioception, likely through long-term plastic changes in the basal ganglia thalamocortical circuit.", "authors": [ "Wagle Shukla, Aparna", "Moro, Elena", "Gunraj, Carolyn", "Lozano, Andres", "Hodaie, Mojgan", "Lang, Anthony", "Chen, Robert" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1136/jnnp-2012-304102", "keywords": [ "N PARKINSON'S DISEASE", "N NEUROPHYSIOLOGY", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "D016428 Journal Article" ], "number_of_pages": 1013, "pages": "1020-8", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 15.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1468-330X", "publisher": "BMJ Publishing Group", "sjr": 3.178, "snip": 2.878, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Surgery" ], "title": "Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry" }, "publication_date": "2013-04-24", "selected": false, "title": "Long-term subthalamic nucleus stimulation improves sensorimotor integration and proprioception.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "TMS-ethynyl triazolyl benzothiadiazole (BTD) derivatives have been successfully synthesized by mono deprotection of di-TMS-ethynyl BTD followed by click chemistry. The fluorescence intensity of TMS-ethynyl triazolyl BTD-DCM dyad 8, as well as triazolyl BTD 3, and the DCM derivative 7 could be selectively quenched by Cu2+, but almost not affected by different tested anions. Interestingly, the fluorescence emission of DCM-based fluorophores 7 and 8 was highly sensitive to a combination of Cu2+, F-, or Br- in a sequence dependent manner. With the dyad 8, the detection limit as low as 0.13 ppb could be attained for F- in MeCN. The Cu2+-promoted aerobic oxidative dimerization of DCM moiety to tetrahydrofuran derivatives has also been demonstrated for the first time. \u00c2\u00a9 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.", "authors": [ "Yu, Y.", "Bogliotti, N.", "Maisonneuve, S.", "Tang, J.", "Xie, J." ], "categories": null, "citations": 7, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.01.119", "keywords": [ "Dicyanomethylene-4H-pyran (DCM)", "Chemodosimeter", "Click chemistry", "Benzothiadiazole", "Fluorescence" ], "number_of_pages": 7, "pages": "1877-1883", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "00404039", "publisher": "Elsevier Ltd.", "sjr": 0.389, "snip": 0.515, "subject_areas": [ "Biochemistry", "Organic Chemistry", "Drug Discovery" ], "title": "Tetrahedron Letters" }, "publication_date": "2013-04-03", "selected": false, "title": "Fluorescent dyad for cooperative recognition of copper cation and halogen anion", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84875218478&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising technique to treat a wide range of neurological conditions including stroke. The pathological processes following stroke may provide an exemplary system to investigate how tDCS promotes neuronal plasticity and functional recovery. Changes in synaptic function after stroke, such as reduced excitability, formation of aberrant connections, and deregulated plastic modifications, have been postulated to impede recovery from stroke. However, if tDCS could counteract these negative changes by influencing the system's neurophysiology, it would contribute to the formation of functionally meaningful connections and the maintenance of existing pathways. This paper is aimed at providing a review of underlying mechanisms of tDCS and its application to stroke. In addition, to maximize the effectiveness of tDCS in stroke rehabilitation, future research needs to determine the optimal stimulation protocols and parameters. We discuss how stimulation parameters could be optimized based on electrophysiological activity. In particular, we propose that cortical synchrony may represent a biomarker of tDCS efficacy to indicate communication between affected areas. Understanding the mechanisms by which tDCS affects the neural substrate after stroke and finding ways to optimize tDCS for each patient are key to effective rehabilitation approaches. \u00c2\u00a9 2013 Andrea Gomez Palacio Schjetnan et al.", "authors": [ "Gomez Palacio Schjetnan, Andrea", "Faraji, Jamshid", "Metz, Gerlinde A", "Tatsuno, Masami", "Luczak, Artur" ], "categories": null, "citations": 77, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1155/2013/170256", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "170256", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 2.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2090-8105", "publisher": "Hindawi Limited", "sjr": 0.439, "snip": 0.859, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)" ], "title": "Stroke research and treatment" }, "publication_date": "2013-02-27", "selected": false, "title": "Transcranial direct current stimulation in stroke rehabilitation: a review of recent advancements.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84875615122&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND BACKGROUND Subthalamic stimulation reduces motor disability and improves quality of life in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease who have severe levodopa-induced motor complications. We hypothesized that neurostimulation would be beneficial at an earlier stage of Parkinson's disease.\nMETHODS METHODS In this 2-year trial, we randomly assigned 251 patients with Parkinson's disease and early motor complications (mean age, 52 years; mean duration of disease, 7.5 years) to undergo neurostimulation plus medical therapy or medical therapy alone. The primary end point was quality of life, as assessed with the use of the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) summary index (with scores ranging from 0 to 100 and higher scores indicating worse function). Major secondary outcomes included parkinsonian motor disability, activities of daily living, levodopa-induced motor complications (as assessed with the use of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, parts III, II, and IV, respectively), and time with good mobility and no dyskinesia.\nRESULTS RESULTS For the primary outcome of quality of life, the mean score for the neurostimulation group improved by 7.8 points, and that for the medical-therapy group worsened by 0.2 points (between-group difference in mean change from baseline to 2 years, 8.0 points; P=0.002). Neurostimulation was superior to medical therapy with respect to motor disability (P<0.001), activities of daily living (P<0.001), levodopa-induced motor complications (P<0.001), and time with good mobility and no dyskinesia (P=0.01). Serious adverse events occurred in 54.8% of the patients in the neurostimulation group and in 44.1% of those in the medical-therapy group. Serious adverse events related to surgical implantation or the neurostimulation device occurred in 17.7% of patients. An expert panel confirmed that medical therapy was consistent with practice guidelines for 96.8% of the patients in the neurostimulation group and for 94.5% of those in the medical-therapy group.\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS Subthalamic stimulation was superior to medical therapy in patients with Parkinson's disease and early motor complications. (Funded by the German Ministry of Research and others; EARLYSTIM ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00354133.).", "authors": [ "Schuepbach, W M M", "Rau, J", "Knudsen, K", "Volkmann, J", "Krack, P", "Timmermann, L", "H\u00e4lbig, T D", "Hesekamp, H", "Navarro, S M", "Meier, N", "Falk, D", "Mehdorn, M", "Paschen, S", "Maarouf, M", "Barbe, M T", "Fink, G R", "Kupsch, A", "Gruber, D", "Schneider, G-H", "Seigneuret, E", "Kistner, A", "Chaynes, P", "Ory-Magne, F", "Brefel Courbon, C", "Vesper, J", "Schnitzler, A", "Wojtecki, L", "Houeto, J-L", "Bataille, B", "Malt\u00eate, D", "Damier, P", "Raoul, S", "Sixel-Doering, F", "Hellwig, D", "Gharabaghi, A", "Kr\u00fcger, R", "Pinsker, M O", "Amtage, F", "R\u00e9gis, J-M", "Witjas, T", "Thobois, S", "Mertens, P", "Kloss, M", "Hartmann, A", "Oertel, W H", "Post, B", "Speelman, H", "Agid, Y", "Schade-Brittinger, C", "Deuschl, G", "None, None" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1056/NEJMoa1205158", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 589, "pages": "610-22", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 134.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1533-4406", "publisher": "Massachussetts Medical Society", "sjr": 26.015, "snip": 17.194, "subject_areas": [ "Medicine (all)" ], "title": "The New England journal of medicine" }, "publication_date": "2013-02-01", "selected": false, "title": "Neurostimulation for Parkinson's disease with early motor complications.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND BACKGROUND Cluster headache (CH), known as one of the trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias, is a stereotyped primary pain syndrome characterized by unilateral severe pain, the pathophysiology of which are not well understood.\nPATHOPHYSIOLOGY METHODS The underlying pathophysiology of CH is incompletely understood. The periodicity of the attacks suggests the involvement of a biologic clock within the hypothalamus which controls circadian rhythms, with central disinhibition of the nociceptive and autonomic pathways, the trigeminal nociceptive pathways. Positron emission tomography and voxel-based morphometry have identified the posterior hypothalamic gray matter as the key area for the basic defect in CH. Functional hypothalamic dysfunction has been confirmed by abnormal metabolism based on the N-acetylaspartate neuronal marker in magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A recent case study demonstrated the release of both trigeminal and parasympathetic neuropeptides during a bout of pain in the same pattern previously described in CH. It is hypothesis that trigeminal activation leads to reflex autonomic activation. At a clinical level, there should be a pain threshold above which autonomic symptoms occur, modified by the highly somato- topic and functionally organized central connections of the trigeminovascular system.", "authors": [ "Shimazu, Tomokazu" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.5692/clinicalneurol.53.1125", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 1119, "pages": "1125-7", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 0.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1882-0654", "publisher": "Societas Neurologica Japonica", "sjr": 0.138, "snip": 0.227, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)" ], "title": "Rinsho shinkeigaku = Clinical neurology" }, "publication_date": "2013-01-01", "selected": false, "title": "[Recent pathophysiology of cluster headache (trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias; TACs)].", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVE We report on a chronic stroke patient who showed motor recovery by improvement of limb-kinetic apraxia (LKA) after undergoing intensive rehabilitation for a period of one month, which was demonstrated by diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).\nMETHODS METHODS A 50-year-old male patient presented with severe paralysis of the left extremities at the onset of thalamic hemorrhage. At thirty months after onset, the patient exhibited moderate weakness of his left upper and lower extremities. In addition, he exhibited a slow, clumsy, and mutilated movement pattern during grasp-release movements of his left hand. During a one-month period of intensive rehabilitation, which was started at thrity months after onset, the patient showed 22% motor recovery of the left extremities. The slow, clumsy, and mutilated movement pattern of the left hand almost disappeared.\nRESULTS RESULTS DTTs of the corticospinal tract (CST) in both hemispheres originated from the cerebral cortex, including the primary motor cortex, and passed along the known CST pathway. The DTT of the right CST was located anterior to the old hemorrhagic lesion. TMS study performed at thirty and thirty-one months after onset showed normal and similar findings for motor evoked potential in terms of latency and amplitude of the left hand muscle.\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS We think that the motor weakness of the left extremities in this patient was mainly ascribed to LKA and that most of the motor recovery during a one-month period of rehabilitation was attributed to improvement of LKA.", "authors": [ "Jang, Sung Ho" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.3233/NRE-130945", "keywords": [ "N apraxia", "N Motor recovery", "D016428 Journal Article", "N diffusion tensor tractography", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N stroke", "N limb-kinetic apraxia", "N transcranial magnetic stimulation", "D002363 Case Reports" ], "number_of_pages": 6, "pages": "195-200", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1878-6448", "publisher": "IOS Press BV", "sjr": 0.506, "snip": 0.866, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Rehabilitation", "Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation" ], "title": "NeuroRehabilitation" }, "publication_date": "2013-01-01", "selected": false, "title": "Motor recovery by improvement of limb-kinetic apraxia in a chronic stroke patient.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE To collect the information necessary to design the methods and outcome variables for a larger trial of scheduled deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Tourette syndrome.\nDESIGN METHODS We performed a small National Institutes of Health-sponsored clinical trials planning study of the safety and preliminary efficacy of implanted DBS in the bilateral centromedian thalamic region. The study used a cranially contained constant-current device and a scheduled, rather than the classic continuous, DBS paradigm. Baseline vs 6-month outcomes were collected and analyzed. In addition, we compared acute scheduled vs acute continuous vs off DBS.\nSETTING METHODS A university movement disorders center.\nPATIENTS METHODS Five patients with implanted DBS.\nMAIN OUTCOME MEASURE METHODS A 50% improvement in the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) total score. RESULTS Participating subjects had a mean age of 34.4 (range, 28-39) years and a mean disease duration of 28.8 years. No significant adverse events or hardware-related issues occurred. Baseline vs 6-month data revealed that reductions in the YGTSS total score did not achieve the prestudy criterion of a 50% improvement in the YGTSS total score on scheduled stimulation settings. However, statistically significant improvements were observed in the YGTSS total score (mean [SD] change, -17.8 [9.4]; P=.01), impairment score (-11.3 [5.0]; P=.007), and motor score (-2.8 [2.2]; P=.045); the Modified Rush Tic Rating Scale Score total score (-5.8 [2.9]; P=.01); and the phonic tic severity score (-2.2 [2.6]; P=.04). Continuous, off, and scheduled stimulation conditions were assessed blindly in an acute experiment at 6 months after implantation. The scores in all 3 conditions showed a trend for improvement. Trends for improvement also occurred with continuous and scheduled conditions performing better than the off condition. Tic suppression was commonly seen at ventral (deep) contacts, and programming settings resulting in tic suppression were commonly associated with a subjective feeling of calmness.\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS This study provides safety and proof of concept that a scheduled DBS approach could improve motor and vocal tics in Tourette syndrome. Refinements in neurostimulator battery life, outcome measure selection, and flexibility in programming settings can be used to enhance outcomes in a future larger study. Scheduled stimulation holds promise as a potential first step for shifting movement and neuropsychiatric disorders toward more responsive neuromodulation approaches.\nTRIAL REGISTRATION BACKGROUND clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01329198.", "authors": [ "Okun, Michael S", "Foote, Kelly D", "Wu, Samuel S", "Ward, Herbert E", "Bowers, Dawn", "Rodriguez, Ramon L", "Malaty, Irene A", "Goodman, Wayne K", "Gilbert, Donald M", "Walker, Harrison C", "Mink, Jonathan W", "Merritt, Stacy", "Morishita, Takashi", "Sanchez, Justin C" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.580", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 10, "pages": "85-94", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 40.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2168-6157", "publisher": "American Medical Association", "sjr": 6.697, "snip": 5.982, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)" ], "title": "JAMA neurology" }, "publication_date": "2013-01-01", "selected": false, "title": "A trial of scheduled deep brain stimulation for Tourette syndrome: moving away from continuous deep brain stimulation paradigms.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "It has been reported that large-scale neural synchrony between left and right hemispheres is associated with perception of apparent motion using an ambiguous apparent motion stimulus called Dynamical Dot Quartet (DDQ). The relationship between individual differences in motion perception and large-scale neural synchrony is not well known. In this study, we conducted DDQ biasing experiment and TMS-EEG resting-state experiment to investigate the relationship between individual differences in perceptual bias and the connectivity between left and right hemispheres. In addition, we discuss possible applications of the manipulative approach using TMS-EEG for evaluating functional recovery of stroke and schizophrenic patients. \u00c2\u00a9 2013, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.", "authors": [ "Mizuno, Y.", "Kawasaki, M.", "Kitajo, K." ], "categories": null, "citations": 0, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus" ], "doi": "10.1007/978-3-642-34546-3_103", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 5, "pages": "635-639", "publication": { "category": "Book", "cite_score": 0.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "21953562", "publisher": "Springer International Publishing AG", "sjr": 0.317, "snip": 0.705, "subject_areas": [ "Mechanical Engineering", "Artificial Intelligence", "Biomedical Engineering" ], "title": "Biosystems and Biorobotics" }, "publication_date": "2013-01-01", "selected": false, "title": "Individual evaluation of interhemispheric neural synchrony mediating perceptual bias in apparent motion perception \u2013 A TMS-EEG study and applications in rehabilitation", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85027267923&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "The corpus callosum is essential for neural communication between the left and right hemispheres. Although spatiotemporal coordination of bimanual movements is mediated by the activity of the transcallosal circuit, it remains to be addressed how transcallosal neural activity is involved in the dynamic control of bimanual force execution in human. To address this issue, we investigated transcallosal inhibition (TCI) elicited by single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in association with the coordination condition of bimanual force regulation. During a visually-guided bimanual force tracking task, both thumbs were abducted either in-phase (symmetric condition) or 180\u00c2\u00b0 out-of-phase (asymmetric condition). TMS was applied to the left primary motor cortex to elicit the disturbance of ipsilateral left force tracking due to TCI. The tracking accuracy was equivalent between the two conditions, but the synchrony of the left and right tracking trajectories was higher in the symmetric condition than in the asymmetric condition. The magnitude of force disturbance and TCI were larger during the symmetric condition than during the asymmetric condition. Right unimanual force tracking influenced neither the force disturbance nor TCI during tonic left thumb abduction. Additionally, these TMS-induced ipsilateral motor disturbances only appeared when the TMS intensity was strong enough to excite the transcallosal circuit, irrespective of whether the crossed corticospinal tract was activated. These findings support the hypotheses that interhemispheric interactions between the motor cortices play an important role in modulating bimanual force coordination tasks, and that TCI is finely tuned depending on the coordination condition of bimanual force regulation. \u00c2\u00a9 2012 Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.", "authors": [ "Tazoe, Toshiki", "Sasada, Syusaku", "Sakamoto, Masanori", "Komiyama, Tomoyoshi" ], "categories": null, "citations": 24, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1111/ejn.12026", "keywords": [ "Human", "Transcranial magnetic stimulation", "Corpus callosum", "Motor cortex" ], "number_of_pages": 9, "pages": "96-104", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.3, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1460-9568", "publisher": "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd", "sjr": 1.044, "snip": 0.891, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "The European journal of neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2012-11-15", "selected": false, "title": "Modulation of interhemispheric interactions across symmetric and asymmetric bimanual force regulations.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84872135875&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Electrode implantation into the subthalamic nucleus for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with a temporary motor improvement occurring prior to neurostimulation. We studied this phenomenon by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) when considering the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS-III) and collateral oedema. Twelve patients with PD (age 55.9\u00b1 (SD)6.8 years, PD duration 9-15 years) underwent bilateral electrode implantation into the subthalamic nucleus. The fMRI was carried out after an overnight withdrawal of levodopa (OFF condition): (i) before and (ii) within three days after surgery in absence of neurostimulation. The motor task involved visually triggered finger tapping. The OFF/UPDRS-III score dropped from 33.8\u00b18.7 before to 23.3\u00b14.8 after the surgery (p<0.001), correlating with the postoperative oedema score (p<0.05). During the motor task, bilateral activation of the thalamus and basal ganglia, motor cortex and insula were preoperatively higher than after surgery (p<0.001). The results became more enhanced after compensation for the oedema and UPDRS-III scores. In addition, the rigidity and axial symptoms score correlated inversely with activation of the putamen and globus pallidus (p<0.0001). One month later, the OFF/UPDRS-III score had returned to the preoperative level (35.8\u00b17.0, p = 0.4).In conclusion, motor improvement induced by insertion of an inactive electrode into the subthalamic nucleus caused an acute microlesion which was at least partially related to the collateral oedema and associated with extensive impact on the motor network. This was postoperatively manifested as lowered movement-related activation at the cortical and subcortical levels and differed from the known effects of neurostimulation or levodopa. The motor system finally adapted to the microlesion within one month as suggested by loss of motor improvement and good efficacy of deep brain stimulation.", "authors": [ "Jech, Robert", "Mueller, Karsten", "Urgo\u0161\u00edk, Du\u0161an", "Sieger, Tom\u00e1\u0161", "Holiga, \u0160tefan", "R\u016f\u017ei\u010dka, Filip", "Du\u0161ek, Petr", "Havr\u00e1nkov\u00e1, Petra", "Vymazal, Josef", "R\u016f\u017ei\u010dka, Ev\u017een" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0049056", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "e49056", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1932-6203", "publisher": "Public Library of Science", "sjr": 0.885, "snip": 1.253, "subject_areas": [ "Multidisciplinary" ], "title": "PloS one" }, "publication_date": "2012-11-07", "selected": false, "title": "The subthalamic microlesion story in Parkinson's disease: electrode insertion-related motor improvement with relative cortico-subcortical hypoactivation in fMRI.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Psycho-neuro-endocrine-immune modulation through the brain-gut axis likely has a key role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The brain-gut axis involves interactions among the neural components, including (1) the autonomic nervous system, (2) the central nervous system, (3) the stress system (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis), (4) the (gastrointestinal) corticotropin-releasing factor system, and (5) the intestinal response (including the intestinal barrier, the luminal microbiota, and the intestinal immune response). Animal models suggest that the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway through an anti-tumor necrosis factor effect of the efferent vagus nerve could be a therapeutic target in IBD through a pharmacologic, nutritional, or neurostimulation approach. In addition, the psychophysiological vulnerability of patients with IBD, secondary to the potential presence of any mood disorders, distress, increased perceived stress, or maladaptive coping strategies, underscores the psychological needs of patients with IBD. Clinicians need to address these issues with patients because there is emerging evidence that stress or other negative psychological attributes may have an effect on the disease course. Future research may include exploration of markers of brain-gut interactions, including serum/salivary cortisol (as a marker of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis), heart rate variability (as a marker of the sympathovagal balance), or brain imaging studies. The widespread use and potential impact of complementary and alternative medicine and the positive response to placebo (in clinical trials) is further evidence that exploring other psycho-interventions may be important therapeutic adjuncts to the conventional therapeutic approach in IBD.", "authors": [ "Bonaz, Bruno L", "Bernstein, Charles N" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1053/j.gastro.2012.10.003", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 14, "pages": "36-49", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 40.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1528-0012", "publisher": "W.B. Saunders Ltd", "sjr": 7.645, "snip": 5.156, "subject_areas": [ "Gastroenterology", "Hepatology" ], "title": "Gastroenterology" }, "publication_date": "2012-10-12", "selected": false, "title": "Brain-gut interactions in inflammatory bowel disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Major depressive disorder (MDD) and cardiovascular diseases are intimately associated. Depression is an independent risk factor for mortality in cardiovascular samples. Neuroendocrine dysfunctions in MDD are related to an overactive hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and increased sympathetic activity. Novel intervention strategies for MDD include the non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). In fact, although these techniques have being increasingly used as a treatment for MDD, their cardiovascular effects were not sufficiently investigated, which would be important considering the dyad MDD/cardiovascular disorders. We investigated this issue through a systematic review for published articles from the first date available to May 2012 in MEDLINE and other databases, looking for main risk factors and surrogate markers for cardiovascular disease such as: cortisol, heart rate variability (HRV), alcohol, smoking, obesity, hypertension, glucose. We identified 37 articles (981 subjects) according to our eligibility criteria. Our main findings were that NIBS techniques might be effective strategies for down-regulating HPA activity and regulating food, alcohol, and cigarette consumption. NIBS's effects on HRV and blood pressure presented mixed findings, with studies suggesting that HRV values can decrease or remain unchanged after NIBS, while one study found that rTMS increased blood pressure levels. Also, a single study showed that glucose levels decrease after tDCS. However, most studies tested the acute effects after one single session of rTMS/tDCS; therefore further studies are necessary to investigate whether NIBS modifies cardiovascular risk factors in the long-term. In fact, considering the burden of cardiac disease, further trials in cardiovascular, depressed, and non-depressed samples using NIBS should be performed. \u00c2\u00a9 2012 Sampaio, Fraguas, Lotufo, Bense\u00c3\u00b1or and Brunoni.", "authors": [ "Sampaio, Leonardo Augusto Negreiros Parente Capela", "Fraguas, Renerio", "Lotufo, Paulo Andrade", "Bense\u00f1or, Isabela Martins", "Brunoni, Andr\u00e9 Russowsky" ], "categories": null, "citations": 30, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.3389/fpsyt.2012.00087", "keywords": [ "N major depressive disorder", "N hypothalamo-hypophyseal system", "#text", "N systematic review", "N heart rate variability", "N repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation", "@UI", "N transcranial direct current stimulation" ], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "87", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1664-0640", "publisher": "Frontiers Media S.A.", "sjr": 1.222, "snip": 1.265, "subject_areas": [ "Psychiatry and Mental Health" ], "title": "Frontiers in psychiatry" }, "publication_date": "2012-10-10", "selected": false, "title": "A systematic review of non-invasive brain stimulation therapies and cardiovascular risk: implications for the treatment of major depressive disorder.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84870735489&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Schizophrenia is conceptualized as a failure of cognitive integration, and altered oscillatory properties of neurocircuits are associated with its symptoms. We hypothesized that abnormal characteristics of neural networks may alter functional connectivity and distort propagation of activation in schizophrenic brains. Thus, electroencephalography (EEG) responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of motor cortex were compared between schizophrenia and healthy subjects. There was no difference in the initial response. However, TMS-induced waves of recurrent excitation spreading across the cortex were observed in schizophrenia, while in healthy subjects the activation faded away soon after stimulation. This widespread activation in schizophrenia was associated with increased oscillatory activities in the proximal central leads and in fronto-temporo-parietal leads bilaterally. A positive correlation was found between increased TMS-induced cortical activation in gamma frequency and positive symptoms of schizophrenia, while negative symptoms were correlated with activation in theta and delta bands. We suggest that excessive activation in response to stimulation in schizophrenia brains may lead to abnormal propagation of the signal that could potentially result in aberrant activity in areas remote from the activation origin. This mechanism may account for the positive symptoms of schizophrenia and could worsen signal to noise deficits, jeopardizing adequate information processing with ensuing cognitive deficits. \u00c2\u00a9 The Author 2012.", "authors": [ "Frantseva, Marina", "Cui, Jie", "Farzan, Faranak", "Chinta, Lakshminarayan V", "Perez Velazquez, Jose Luis", "Daskalakis, Zafiris Jeffrey" ], "categories": null, "citations": 53, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1093/cercor/bhs304", "keywords": [ "D016428 Journal Article", "N schizophrenia", "N electroencephalography", "N neuronal synchrony", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N connectivity", "N transcranial magnetic stimulation" ], "number_of_pages": 191, "pages": "211-221", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 8.2, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1460-2199", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "sjr": 1.738, "snip": 1.159, "subject_areas": [ "Cognitive Neuroscience", "Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience" ], "title": "Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)" }, "publication_date": "2012-10-05", "selected": false, "title": "Disrupted cortical conductivity in schizophrenia: TMS-EEG study.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84890447672&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Deep brain stimulation (DBS) can be complicated by adverse events, which are generally classified as surgical-hardware or stimulation-related. Here we report the onset of a painful cervical dystonia probably triggered by the extension wire of a subthalamic nucleus (STN)-DBS device in a woman suffering from advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). Two months after implantation of the STN-DBS device, our patient developed a painful cervical dystonia, which was not responsive to neurostimulation or to medication. No sign of infections or fibrosis was detected. A patch test with the components of the device was performed, revealing no hypersensibility. The patient was referred back to surgery to reposition the pulse generator in the contralateral subclavian region. A deeper channeling of the wire extensions produced a complete remission of the painful dystonia.", "authors": [ "Spagnolo, F", "Picozzi, P", "Franzin, A", "Martinelli, V", "Comi, G", "Volonte, M A" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.jocn.2011.11.040", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 1580, "pages": "1582-3", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1532-2653", "publisher": "Churchill Livingstone", "sjr": 0.54, "snip": 0.836, "subject_areas": [ "Physiology (medical)", "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology", "Surgery" ], "title": "Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia" }, "publication_date": "2012-09-03", "selected": false, "title": "Painful cervical dystonia triggered by the extension wire of a deep brain stimulator.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "CONTEXT BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a devastating illness with an indeterminate pathophysiology. Several lines of evidence implicate dysfunction in the thalamus, a key node in the distributed neural networks underlying perception, emotion, and cognition. Existing evidence of aberrant thalamic function is based on indirect measures of thalamic activity, but dysfunction has not yet been demonstrated with a causal method.\nOBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that direct physiological stimulation of the cortex will produce an abnormal thalamic response in individuals with schizophrenia.\nDESIGN METHODS We stimulated the precentral gyrus with single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (spTMS) and measured the response to this pulse in synaptically connected regions (thalamus, medial superior frontal cortex, insula) using concurrent functional magnetic resonance imaging. The mean hemodynamic response from these regions was fit with the sum of 2 gamma functions, and response parameters were compared across groups.\nSETTING METHODS Academic research laboratory.\nPARTICIPANTS METHODS Patients with schizophrenia and sex- and age-matched psychiatrically healthy subjects were recruited from the community.\nMAIN OUTCOME MEASURE METHODS Peak amplitude of the thalamic hemodynamic response to spTMS of the precentral gyrus.\nRESULTS RESULTS The spTMS-evoked responses did not differ between groups at the cortical stimulation site. Compared with healthy subjects, patients with schizophrenia showed a reduced response to spTMS in the thalamus (P=1.86 \u00d7 10(-9)) and medial superior frontal cortex (P=.02). Similar results were observed in the insula. Sham TMS indicated that these results could not be attributed to indirect effects of TMS coil discharge. Functional connectivity analyses revealed weaker thalamus-medial superior frontal cortex and thalamus-insula connectivity in patients with schizophrenia compared with control subjects.\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS Individuals with schizophrenia showed reduced thalamic activation in response to direct perturbation delivered to the cortex. These results extend prior work implicating the thalamus in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and suggest that the thalamus contributes to the patterns of aberrant connectivity characteristic of this disease.", "authors": [ "Guller, Yelena", "Ferrarelli, Fabio", "Shackman, Alexander J", "Sarasso, Simone", "Peterson, Michael J", "Langheim, Frederick J", "Meyerand, Mary E", "Tononi, Giulio", "Postle, Bradley R" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2012.23", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 592, "pages": "662-71", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": null, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1538-3636", "publisher": "American Medical Association", "sjr": 1.222, "snip": 1.265, "subject_areas": [ "Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous)", "Psychiatry and Mental Health" ], "title": "Archives of general psychiatry" }, "publication_date": "2012-07-01", "selected": false, "title": "Probing thalamic integrity in schizophrenia using concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation and functional magnetic resonance imaging.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "PURPOSE OF REVIEW OBJECTIVE Most pharmacological treatments of primary headache disorders are partially effective and have cumbersome side effects. Therapies with better efficacy and tolerance are needed. Neurostimulation techniques may have this potential. This is an attempt to summarize the latest clinical trial results published in the field.\nRECENT FINDINGS RESULTS Hypothalamic deep brain stimulation is effective in drug-resistant chronic cluster headache (drCCH) but not riskless. Recent anatomical MRI studies indicate that the effective stimulation sites are rather widespread. Occipital nerve stimulation (ONS) seems to be effective in up to 76% of drCCH patients and its benefit long-lasting. A minority of patients are able to abandon preventive drugs. Its mechanism of action appears nonspecific. In chronic migraine, randomized controlled trials of ONS showed recently encouraging results, but long-term studies are missing. An ongoing sham-controlled trial suggests sphenopalatine ganglion neurostimulation (SPGS) efficacy in drCCH acute treatment, but possibly also in preventive therapy. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) modulate cortical excitability and connectivity. TMS could prevent headache when applied over the occipital cortex during the migraine aura. Repetitive TMS and tDCS have provided mixed results in a few small studies and warrant further trials.\nSUMMARY CONCLUSIONS Neurostimulation therapies inaugurate a new era in headache management and offer a promising alternative to medications. Future studies are necessary to provide evidence-based efficacy data, knowledge on their mode of action and information about their pharmaco-economic advantages.", "authors": [ "Magis, Delphine", "Jensen, Rigmor", "Schoenen, Jean" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1097/WCO.0b013e3283532023", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 194, "pages": "269-76", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 10.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1473-6551", "publisher": "Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Ltd.", "sjr": 1.701, "snip": 1.874, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Current opinion in neurology" }, "publication_date": "2012-06-01", "selected": false, "title": "Neurostimulation therapies for primary headache disorders: present and future.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Both mental rotation (MR) and motor imagery (MI) involve an internalization of movement within motor and parietal cortex. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) techniques allow for a task-dependent investigation of the interhemispheric interaction between these areas. We used image-guided dual-coil TMS to investigate interactions between right inferior parietal lobe (rIPL) and left primary motor cortex (M1) in 11 healthy participants. They performed MI (right index-thumb pinching in time with a 1 Hz metronome) or hand MR tasks, while motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded from right first dorsal interosseous. At rest, rIPL conditioning 6 ms prior to M1 stimulation facilitated MEPs in all participants, whereas this facilitation was abolished during MR. While rIPL conditioning 12 ms prior to M1 stimulation had no effect on MEPs at rest, it suppressed corticomotor excitability during MI. These results support the idea that rIPL forms part of a distinct inhibitory network that may prevent unwanted movement during imagery tasks.", "authors": [ "Lebon, Florent", "Lotze, Martin", "Stinear, Cathy M", "Byblow, Winston D" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0037850", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "e37850", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1932-6203", "publisher": "Public Library of Science", "sjr": 0.885, "snip": 1.253, "subject_areas": [ "Multidisciplinary" ], "title": "PloS one" }, "publication_date": "2012-05-31", "selected": false, "title": "Task-dependent interaction between parietal and contralateral primary motor cortex during explicit versus implicit motor imagery.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The aim of our study was to assess changes in body-weight in relation to active electrode contact position in the subthalamic nucleus. Regular body weight measurements were done in 20 patients with advanced Parkinson's disease within a period of 18 months after implantation. T1-weighted (1.5T) magnetic resonance images were used to determine electrode position in the subthalamic nucleus and the Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS-III) was used for motor assessment. The distance of the contacts from the wall of the third ventricle in the mediolateral direction inversely correlated with weight gain (r = -0.55, p<0.01) and with neurostimulation-related motor condition expressed as the contralateral hemi-body UPDRS-III (r = -0.42, p<0.01). Patients with at least one contact within 9.3 mm of the wall experienced significantly greater weight gain (9.4 \u00b1 (SD)4.4 kg, N = 11) than those with both contacts located laterally (3.9 \u00b1 2.7 kg, N = 9) (p<0.001). The position of the active contact is critical not only for motor outcome but is also associated with weight gain, suggesting a regional effect of subthalamic stimulation on adjacent structures involved in the central regulation of energy balance, food intake or reward.", "authors": [ "R\u016f\u017ei\u010dka, Filip", "Jech, Robert", "Nov\u00e1kov\u00e1, Lucie", "Urgo\u0161\u00edk, Du\u0161an", "Vymazal, Josef", "R\u016f\u017ei\u010dka, Ev\u017een" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0038020", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "e38020", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1932-6203", "publisher": "Public Library of Science", "sjr": 0.885, "snip": 1.253, "subject_areas": [ "Multidisciplinary" ], "title": "PloS one" }, "publication_date": "2012-05-30", "selected": false, "title": "Weight gain is associated with medial contact site of subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson's disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Recent evidence has supported the notion that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and the sympatho-adreno-medullary (SAM) systems are modulated by cortical structures such as the prefrontal cortex. This top-down modulation may play a major role in the neuroendocrine changes associated with stressful events. We aimed to investigate further this hypothesis by modulating directly prefrontal cortex excitability using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) - a non-invasive, neuromodulatory tool that induces polarity-dependent changes in cortical excitability - and measuring effects on salivary cortisol and heart rate variability as proxies of the HPA and SAM systems. Twenty healthy participants with no clinical and neuropsychiatric conditions were randomized to receive bifrontal tDCS (left anodal/right cathodal or left cathodal/right anodal) or sham stimulation, in a within-subject design. During each stimulation session, after a resting period, subjects were shown images with neutral or negative valence. Our findings showed that excitability enhancing left anodal tDCS induced a decrease in cortisol levels. This effect is more pronounced during emotional negative stimuli. Moreover, vagal activity was higher during left anodal tDCS and emotional negative stimuli, as compared to sham stimulation and neutral images. We also observed an association between higher mood scores, higher vagal activation and lower cortisol levels for anodal stimulation. Subjective mood and anxiety evaluation revealed no specific changes after stimulation. Our findings suggest that tDCS induced transient, polarity specific modulatory top-down effects with anodal tDCS leading to a down-regulation of HPA and SAM systems. Further research using tDCS and neuroendocrine markers should explore the mechanisms of stress regulation in healthy and clinical samples.", "authors": [ "Brunoni, Andre R", "Vanderhasselt, Marie-Anne", "Boggio, Paulo S", "Fregni, Felipe", "Dantas, Eduardo Miranda", "Mill, Jos\u00e9 G", "Lotufo, Paulo A", "Bense\u00f1or, Isabela M" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.04.020", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 9, "pages": "58-66", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 8.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1873-3360", "publisher": "Elsevier Ltd.", "sjr": 1.391, "snip": 1.211, "subject_areas": [ "Endocrine and Autonomic Systems", "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Endocrinology", "Biological Psychiatry", "Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism" ], "title": "Psychoneuroendocrinology" }, "publication_date": "2012-05-22", "selected": false, "title": "Polarity- and valence-dependent effects of prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation on heart rate variability and salivary cortisol.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND BACKGROUND Despite its large clinical application, our understanding about the mechanisms of action of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus is still limited. Aim of the present study was to explore cortical and subcortical metabolic modulations measured by Positron Emission Tomography associated with improved motor manifestations after deep brain stimulation in Parkinson disease, comparing the ON and OFF conditions.\nPATIENTS AND METHODS METHODS Investigations were performed in the stimulator off- and on-conditions in 14 parkinsonian patients and results were compared with a group of matched healthy controls. The results were also used to correlate metabolic changes with the clinical effectiveness of the procedure.\nRESULTS RESULTS The comparisons using Statistical parametric mapping revealed a brain metabolic pattern typical of advanced Parkinson disease. The direct comparison in ON vs OFF condition showed mainly an increased metabolism in subthalamic regions, corresponding to the deep brain stimulation site. A positive correlation exists between neurostimulation clinical effectiveness and metabolic differences in ON and OFF state, including the primary sensorimotor, premotor and parietal cortices, anterior cingulate cortex.\nCONCLUSION CONCLUSIONS Deep brain stimulation seems to operate modulating the neuronal network rather than merely exciting or inhibiting basal ganglia nuclei. Correlations with Parkinson Disease cardinal features suggest that the improvement of specific motor signs associated with deep brain stimulation might be explained by the functional modulation, not only in the target region, but also in surrounding and remote connecting areas, resulting in clinically beneficial effects.", "authors": [ "Volont\u00e9, M A", "Garibotto, V", "Spagnolo, F", "Panzacchi, A", "Picozzi, P", "Franzin, A", "Giovannini, E", "Leocani, L", "Cursi, M", "Comi, G", "Perani, D" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.parkreldis.2012.03.016", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 767, "pages": "770-4", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1873-5126", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "sjr": 1.05, "snip": 1.19, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Geriatrics and Gerontology", "Neurology" ], "title": "Parkinsonism & related disorders" }, "publication_date": "2012-05-14", "selected": false, "title": "Changes in brain glucose metabolism in subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation for advanced Parkinson's disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs) are primary headaches including cluster headache, paroxysmal hemicrania, and short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT). A number of neuroimaging studies have been conducted in last decade showing involvement of brain areas included in the pain matrix. Apart from pain matrix involvement, other neuroimaging findings data deserve special attention. The hypothalamic activation reported in the course of TAC attacks coupled with the efficacy of hypothalamic neurostimulation to treat drug-resistant TAC forms clearly indicate the posterior hypothalamus as a crucial area in TAC pathophysiology. In animal models this brain area has been shown to modulate craniofacial pain; moreover, hypothalamic activation occurs in other pain conditions, suggesting that posterior hypothalamus has a more complex role in TAC pathophysiology rather than simply being considered as a trigger. In contrast, hypothalamic activation may serve as a crucial area in terminating rather than triggering attacks. It also could lead to a central condition facilitating initiation of TAC attacks.", "authors": [ "Leone, Massimo", "Proietti Cecchini, Alberto", "Franzini, Angelo", "Messina, Giuseppe", "Bussone, Gennaro" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1007/s10072-012-1051-8", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "S99-102", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1590-3478", "publisher": "Springer-Verlag Italia Srl", "sjr": 0.765, "snip": 1.075, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Dermatology" ], "title": "Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology" }, "publication_date": "2012-05-01", "selected": false, "title": "From neuroimaging to patients' bench: what we have learnt from trigemino-autonomic pain syndromes.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND BACKGROUND Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can modulate transiently the physiological brain oscillations, e.g. the alpha rhythm. It has been hypothesized that this effect is not limited to the stimulated region but involves subcortical and distant cortical areas.\nMETHODS METHODS We applied single pulse TMS to the primary motor cortex (M1) of healthy subjects to interfere the cortical oscillatory activity recorded by simultaneous EEG and calculated the cortico-cortical coherence and power in the alpha and beta band. To study the structural substrate of the functional connectivity we performed diffusion tensor imaging and fractional anisotropy analysis (FA). To capture the pathways involved we applied probabilistic tractography to reconstruct the entire network.\nRESULTS RESULTS Suprathreshold TMS of M1 induced a consistent enhancement of interhemispheric cortico-cortical alpha band coherence that lasted ca. 175\u00a0ms. after the pulse has been applied. The changes were confined to the interhemispheric central EEG electrodes (i.e. C3-C4). There were no consistent changes in the beta band. Power analysis revealed a longer lasting increase in the beta band after TMS pulses. A cluster in the contralateral thalamus showed a linear relationship between regional FA and TMS induced change in alpha band coherence. Probabilistic tractography presents the transcallosal and the contralateral thalamocortical pathways as essential for the observed oscillatory synchronisation.\nCONCLUSION CONCLUSIONS TMS induces an enhancement of oscillatory interaction between corresponding central regions of both hemispheres in the alpha band. The contralateral thalamus, transcallosal fibres and the contralateral thalamocortical pathways may constitute critical brain structures mediating the TMS induced change in oscillatory coupling.", "authors": [ "Groppa, Sergiu", "Muthuraman, Muthuraman", "Otto, Birte", "Deuschl, G\u00fcnther", "Siebner, Hartwig R", "Raethjen, Jan" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.brs.2012.03.014", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 93, "pages": "138-46", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 12.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1876-4754", "publisher": "Elsevier Inc.", "sjr": 2.184, "snip": 1.816, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Biophysics", "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Brain stimulation" }, "publication_date": "2012-04-13", "selected": false, "title": "Subcortical substrates of TMS induced modulation of the cortico-cortical connectivity.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Interplay between posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and ipsilateral primary motor cortex (M1) is crucial during execution of movements. The purpose of the study was to determine whether functional PPC-M1 connectivity in humans can be modulated by sensorimotor training. Seventeen participants performed a sensorimotor training task that involved tapping the index finger in synchrony to a rhythmic sequence. To explore differences in training modality, one group (n = 8) learned by visual and the other (n = 9) by auditory stimuli. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to assess PPC-M1 connectivity before and after training, whereas electroencephalography (EEG) was used to assess PPC-M1 connectivity during training. Facilitation from PPC to M1 was quantified using paired-pulse TMS at conditioning-test intervals of 2, 4, 6, and 8 ms by measuring motor-evoked potentials (MEPs). TMS was applied at baseline and at four time points (0, 30, 60, and 180 min) after training. For EEG, task-related power and coherence were calculated for early and late training phases. The conditioned MEP was facilitated at a 2-ms conditioning-test interval before training. However, facilitation was abolished immediately following training, but returned to baseline at subsequent time points. Regional EEG activity and interregional connectivity between PPC and M1 showed an initial increase during early training followed by a significant decrease in the late phases. The findings indicate that parietal-motor interactions are activated during early sensorimotor training when sensory information has to be integrated into a coherent movement plan. Once the sequence is encoded and movements become automatized, PPC-M1 connectivity returns to baseline. \u00c2\u00a9 2012 the American Physiological Society.", "authors": [ "Karabanov, Anke", "Jin, Seung-Hyun", "Joutsen, Atte", "Poston, Brach", "Aizen, Joshua", "Ellenstein, Aviva", "Hallett, Mark" ], "categories": null, "citations": 42, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1152/jn.01049.2011", "keywords": [ "Functional connectivity", "EEG coherence", "Motor learning", "Paired-pulse tms" ], "number_of_pages": 3182, "pages": "3190-3199", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1522-1598", "publisher": "American Physiological Society", "sjr": 1.067, "snip": 0.974, "subject_areas": [ "Physiology", "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Journal of neurophysiology" }, "publication_date": "2012-03-21", "selected": false, "title": "Timing-dependent modulation of the posterior parietal cortex-primary motor cortex pathway by sensorimotor training.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84861887369&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE Unilateral asterixis has been reported in patients with thalamic lesion. This study aims at elucidating the pathophysiology of the thalamic asterixis.\nMETHODS METHODS Two cases with unilateral asterixis caused by an infarction in the lateral thalamus were studied by analysing the asterixis-related cortical activities, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for motor cortex excitability and probabilistic diffusion tractography for the thalamo-cortical connectivity.\nRESULTS RESULTS Averaging of electroencephalogram (EEG) time-locked to the asterixis revealed rhythmic oscillations of a beta band at the central area contralateral to the affected hand. TMS revealed a decrease in the motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude and a prolongation of the silent period (SP). The anatomical mapping of connections between the thalamus and cortical areas using a diffusion-weighted image (DWI) showed that the lateral thalamus involved by the infarction was connected to the premotor cortex, the primary motor cortex (M1) and the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) of the corresponding hemisphere.\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS The thalamic asterixis is mediated by the sensorimotor cortex, which is subjected to excessive inhibition as a result of the thalamic lesion involving the ventral lateral nucleus.\nSIGNIFICANCE CONCLUSIONS This is the first demonstration of participation of the sensorimotor cortex in the generation of asterixis due to the lateral thalamic lesion.", "authors": [ "Inoue, Manabu", "Kojima, Yasuhiro", "Mima, Tatsuya", "Sawamoto, Nobukatsu", "Matsuhashi, Masao", "Fumuro, Tomoyuki", "Kinboshi, Masato", "Koganemaru, Satoko", "Kanda, Masutarou", "Shibasaki, Hiroshi" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.clinph.2012.01.021", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 1795, "pages": "1858-64", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1872-8952", "publisher": "Elsevier Ireland Ltd", "sjr": 1.212, "snip": 1.482, "subject_areas": [ "Physiology (medical)", "Neurology (clinical)", "Sensory Systems", "Neurology" ], "title": "Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology" }, "publication_date": "2012-03-15", "selected": false, "title": "Pathophysiology of unilateral asterixis due to thalamic lesion.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to examine whether there was a negative effect of caudal Zona Incerta deep brain stimulation (cZI DBS) on pharyngeal swallowing function in Parkinson's patients (PD). There are no former reports including swallowing and cZI DBS.\nMETHODS METHODS Eight patients (aged 49-71\u00a0years; median 62) were evaluated pre- and post-operatively, at 6 and 12\u00a0months after DBS surgery. Evaluation tools were fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing examinations and patients' self-assessments of their swallowing function including a visual analog scale and quality-of-life-related questions. The swallowing protocol included Rosenbek's Penetration-Aspiration Scale, Secretion Severity Scale and parameters for preswallow spillage, pharyngeal residue, and pharyngeal clearance.\nRESULTS RESULTS There was no clear-cut effect of neurostimulation post-operatively at 6 and 12\u00a0months on any of the swallowing parameters except for the preswallow spillage that was slightly worsened in the stimulation on condition 12\u00a0months post-operatively. The answers to the self assessment questions did not vary significantly.\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS The effect of the stimulation on the swallowing function varied among individuals, but the overall outcome was that cZI DBS did not seem to have a negative influence on swallowing function in the eight patients studied.", "authors": [ "Sundstedt, S", "Olofsson, K", "van Doorn, J", "Linder, J", "Nordh, E", "Blomstedt, P" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1111/j.1600-0404.2012.01658.x", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 345, "pages": "350-6", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1600-0404", "publisher": "Hindawi Limited", "sjr": 0.865, "snip": 1.097, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Acta neurologica Scandinavica" }, "publication_date": "2012-03-04", "selected": false, "title": "Swallowing function in Parkinson's patients following Zona Incerta deep brain stimulation.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Epilepsy is a devastating disease, often refractory to medication and not amenable to resective surgery. For patients whose seizures continue despite the best medical and surgical therapy, 3 stimulation-based therapies have demonstrated positive results in prospective randomized trials: vagus nerve stimulation, deep brain stimulation of the thalamic anterior nucleus, and responsive neurostimulation. All 3 neuromodulatory therapies offer significant reductions in seizure frequency for patients with partial epilepsy. A direct comparison of trial results, however, reveals important differences among outcomes and surgical risk between devices. The authors review published results from these pivotal trials and highlight important differences between the trials and devices and their application in clinical use.", "authors": [ "Rolston, John D", "Englot, Dario J", "Wang, Doris D", "Shih, Tina", "Chang, Edward F" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.3171/2012.1.FOCUS11335", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "E14", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1092-0684", "publisher": "American Association of Neurological Surgeons", "sjr": 1.188, "snip": 1.723, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "Neurosurgical focus" }, "publication_date": "2012-03-01", "selected": false, "title": "Comparison of seizure control outcomes and the safety of vagus nerve, thalamic deep brain, and responsive neurostimulation: evidence from randomized controlled trials.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE: Primary palmar hyperhidrosis is a pathological condition of excessive perspiration of the hands of unknown aetiology. The only effective treatment for permanent cure is the ablation of the sympathetic ganglia supplying the hands. One of the sequelae is compensatory sweating, namely increased perspiration in other parts of the body. Its mechanism is unknown. In a small proportion of patients, it may attend devastating proportions. It has practically no remedy, and the degree of compensatory hyperhidrosis is unpredictable prior to sympathectomy. The purpose of the present study was to obtain a reversible sympathetic block which may disclose subjects prone to develop severe compensatory hyperhidrosis and unfit for permanent ganglionic ablation. METHODS: In three dogs, an experimental electrode was implanted via a left thoracotomy on the stellate ganglion, connected to a stimulator. The stimulation was activated after recovery. The contralateral ganglion served as control. Effect of the stimulation was assessed by observing the development of Horner's syndrome, which includes the appearance of miosis, ptosis and enophthalmus. Reversal of the sympathetic block was expected when the neurostimulation was discontinued and assessed by the disappearance of these signs. RESULTS: Stimulation produced only a partial effect - an incomplete Horner's syndrome (miosis and sometime ptosis), which was not completely reversible after ceasing the stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: Although neurostimulation achieved a partial sympathetic block, the present method failed to obtain a completely reversible effect. However, these results may indicate that different nervous pathways moderate the various components of the Horner's triad. Concerning the creation of a reversible sympathectomy; other approaches must be sought after. \u00c2\u00a9 The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.", "authors": [ "Kopelman, Doron", "Costa, Mario G", "Bejar, Jacob", "Zaretsky, Asaph", "Hashmonai, Moshe" ], "categories": null, "citations": 4, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1093/icvts/ivr137", "keywords": [ "Hyperhidrosis", "Neurostimulation", "Sympathetic block" ], "number_of_pages": 597, "pages": "605-609", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 2.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1569-9285", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "sjr": 0.538, "snip": 0.922, "subject_areas": [ "Surgery", "Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine", "Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine" ], "title": "Interactive cardiovascular and thoracic surgery" }, "publication_date": "2012-02-07", "selected": false, "title": "Attempted reversible sympathetic ganglion block by an implantable neurostimulator.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84863442774&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "It has been suggested that unconscious visual processing of some stimulus features might occur without the contribution of early visual cortex (V1/V2). In the present study, the causal role of V1/V2 in unconscious processing of simple shapes in intact human brain was studied by applying transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on early visual cortex or lateral occipital cortex (LO) while observers performed a metacontrast-masked response priming task with arrow figures as visual stimuli. Magnetic stimulation of V1/V2 impaired masked priming 30-90 ms after the onset of the prime. Stimulation of LO reduced the magnitude of masked priming at 90-120 ms, but this effect occurred only in the early parts of the priming experiment. A control task measuring the visibility of masked primes indicated that the orientation of masked primes could not be consciously discriminated and that TMS did not influence the conscious visibility of the primes indirectly by reducing the effectiveness of the mask in the critical time windows. We conclude that feedforward sweep of processing from V1/V2 (30-90 ms) to LO (90 ms and above) is necessary for unconscious priming of shape, whereas conscious perception requires also the contribution of recurrent (feedback) processing.", "authors": [ "Koivisto, Mika", "Henriksson, Linda", "Revonsuo, Antti", "Railo, Henry" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07973.x", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 591, "pages": "623-33", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.3, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1460-9568", "publisher": "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd", "sjr": 1.044, "snip": 0.891, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "The European journal of neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2012-02-06", "selected": false, "title": "Unconscious response priming by shape depends on geniculostriate visual projection.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The management of refractory headaches (migraine or cluster headache) is often challenging in clinical practice. Most of the time, these patients are \"desperate\" and have already tried all existing medications. Many progresses have recently been made in the therapeutic approach of these diseases, especially with the advent of neurostimulation techniques. In this review of the literature, we describe various neurostimulation methods which have been studied in clinical trials or case reports of refractory headaches. The most effective and best studied methods are occipital nerve stimulation (ONS) and hypothalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS), the latter being however at higher surgical risk. Hence, there is a new hope for patients with refractory headaches. Various clinical trials are still underway.", "authors": [ "Magis, D", "Schoenen, J" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": null, "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 6, "pages": "85-90", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 0.8, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "0370-629X", "publisher": "Faculte de medecine de l'Universite de Liege", "sjr": 0.134, "snip": 0.083, "subject_areas": [ "Medicine (all)" ], "title": "Revue medicale de Liege" }, "publication_date": "2012-02-01", "selected": false, "title": "[Neurostimulation: which place in the treatment of refractory headaches?].", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Neurostimulation of the subthalamic nucleus is an established treatment for advanced Parkinson's disease, and it might be the second milestone in treatment of Parkinson's disease after the introduction of L-dopa and dopamine agonists. However there are cognitive and psychiatric adverse effects have attracted increasing attention. In this context the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the stimulation of the STN has been highlighted. The STN is part of the basal ganglia that are considered as part of distributed cortico-subcortical networks, which are involved in the selection, facilitation and inhibition of movements, emotions, behaviors and thoughts. Within this conception of the basal ganglia as a global \"Go-/No-go-system\" the STN is viewed as a central regulator. Those behavioral or cognitive effects of STN high frequency stimulation which can be modulated by changes in stimulation are therefore likely reflecting the intrinsic role of the STN in non-motor domains. However, there is insufficient knowledge about which proportion of Neuropsychiatric effects directly relates to such a modulation of the intrinsic basal ganglia state or which individual susceptibility factors may contribute to their clinical presentation. In this review the role of the preoperative factors and also the relevance of the intraoperative and postoperative management is analyzed.", "authors": [ "Witt, Karsten", "Daniels, Christine", "Volkmann, Jens" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/S1353-8020(11)70052-9", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "S168-70", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1873-5126", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "sjr": 1.05, "snip": 1.19, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Geriatrics and Gerontology", "Neurology" ], "title": "Parkinsonism & related disorders" }, "publication_date": "2012-01-01", "selected": false, "title": "Factors associated with neuropsychiatric side effects after STN-DBS in Parkinson's disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation improves motor function and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease. The impact of these changes on patients' spouses is largely unknown.\nMETHODS METHODS Twenty-six spouses of patients undergoing surgery were evaluated before and 12 months after surgery, using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey for quality of life, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Zarit Burden Inventory.\nRESULTS RESULTS The spouses' mean mood and quality of life scores changed little, while burden improved in younger spouses. There was no significant change in the spouses' overall status. However, at the individual level the effect of surgery was more frequently negative than positive. Changes in psychological status and quality of life in the spouses did not correlate with changes in the patients' motor status or quality of life.\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS Spouses' experience of neurostimulation for Parkinson's disease is variable and complex. The improvement in burden experienced by younger spouses may reflect a greater capacity to cope with new situations.", "authors": [ "Soulas, T", "Sultan, S", "Gurruchaga, J-M", "Palfi, S", "F\u00e9nelon, G" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.parkreldis.2011.11.008", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 598, "pages": "602-5", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1873-5126", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "sjr": 1.05, "snip": 1.19, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Geriatrics and Gerontology", "Neurology" ], "title": "Parkinsonism & related disorders" }, "publication_date": "2011-11-25", "selected": false, "title": "Changes in quality of life, burden and mood among spouses of Parkinson's disease patients receiving neurostimulation.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment for Parkinson's disease, and is increasingly used for other neuropsychiatric conditions including epilepsy. Nevertheless, neural mechanisms for DBS and other forms of neurostimulation remain elusive. The authors measured effects of responsive neurostimulation on intracranially recorded activity from participants in a clinical investigation to assess the safety of an implantable responsive neurostimulation system in epilepsy (RNS\u00e2\u0084\u00a2 System, NeuroPace, Inc.). Neurostimulation acutely suppressed gamma frequency (35-100 Hz) phase-locking. This may represent a therapeutic mechanism by which responsive neurostimulation can suppress epileptiform activity and disconnect stimulated regions from downstream targets in epilepsy and other neuropsychiatric conditions. \u00c2\u00a9 2011 Elsevier Inc.", "authors": [ "Sohal, V.S.", "Sun, F.T." ], "categories": null, "citations": 47, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.nec.2011.07.007", "keywords": [ "Hippocampus", "Stimulation", "Gamma rhythms", "Neocortex", "Synchrony", "Phase locking" ], "number_of_pages": 8, "pages": "481-488", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.2, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "10423680", "publisher": "W.B. Saunders Ltd", "sjr": 0.87, "snip": 1.509, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "Neurosurgery Clinics of North America" }, "publication_date": "2011-10-01", "selected": false, "title": "Responsive Neurostimulation Suppresses Synchronized Cortical Rhythms in Patients with Epilepsy", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=80053074960&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND BACKGROUND Brain areas interact mutually to perform particular complex brain functions such as memory or language. Furthermore, under resting-state conditions several spatial patterns have been identified that resemble functional systems involved in cognitive functions. Among these, the default-mode network (DMN), which is consistently deactivated during task periods and is related to a variety of cognitive functions, has attracted most attention. In addition, in resting-state conditions some brain areas engaged in focused attention (such as the anticorrelated network, AN) show a strong negative correlation with DMN; as task demand increases, AN activity rises, and DMN activity falls.\nOBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE We combined transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate these brain network dynamics.\nMETHODS METHODS Ten healthy young volunteers underwent four blocks of resting-state fMRI (10-minutes), each of them immediately after 20 minutes of sham or active tDCS (2 mA), on two different days. On the first day the anodal electrode was placed over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) (part of the AN) with the cathode over the contralateral supraorbital area, and on the second day, the electrode arrangement was reversed (anode right-DLPFC, cathode left-supraorbital).\nRESULTS RESULTS After active stimulation, functional network connectivity revealed increased synchrony within the AN components and reduced synchrony in the DMN components.\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals a reconfiguration of intrinsic brain activity networks after active tDCS. These effects may help to explain earlier reports of improvements in cognitive functions after anodal-tDCS, where increasing cortical excitability may have facilitated reconfiguration of functional brain networks to address upcoming cognitive demands.", "authors": [ "Pe\u00f1a-G\u00f3mez, Cleof\u00e9", "Sala-Lonch, Roser", "Junqu\u00e9, Carme", "Clemente, Immaculada C", "Vidal, D\u00eddac", "Bargall\u00f3, N\u00faria", "Falc\u00f3n, Carles", "Valls-Sol\u00e9, Josep", "Pascual-Leone, \u00c1lvaro", "Bartr\u00e9s-Faz, David" ], "categories": null, "citations": 228, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.brs.2011.08.006", "keywords": [ "default mode network", "resting state fMRI", "transcranial direct current stimulation", "functional connectivity networks" ], "number_of_pages": 12, "pages": "252-263", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 12.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1876-4754", "publisher": "Elsevier Inc.", "sjr": 2.184, "snip": 1.816, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Biophysics", "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Brain stimulation" }, "publication_date": "2011-09-05", "selected": false, "title": "Modulation of large-scale brain networks by transcranial direct current stimulation evidenced by resting-state functional MRI.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84864282418&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Different corticothalamic brain modules intrinsically oscillate at a \"natural frequency\" in a topographically organized manner. In \"quiescent\" human sensorimotor regions, the main detectable oscillatory activity peaks at \u223c20 Hz, and partly contributes to determine the state of corticospinal excitability. Here, we showed that the transcranial application of an imperceptible, short-lasting (90 s) electric field oscillating at a physiological range increases corticospinal excitability online, with well defined frequency dependence and regional specificity. Indeed, the size of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) induced by navigated single-pulse TMS over the motor cortex significantly increased only during the local application of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at 20 Hz (\u03b2 range). Other tACS frequencies (5, 10, and 40 Hz) applied on the motor cortex did not impact MEPs' size. Moreover, tACS applied on a control site (parietal cortex) and on a peripheral site (ulnar nerve) also failed to modulate MEPs. These results help clarifying the functional significance of the 20 Hz idling \u03b2 rhythm of sensorimotor regions and suggest potential clinical applications of this approach.", "authors": [ "Feurra, Matteo", "Bianco, Giovanni", "Santarnecchi, Emiliano", "Del Testa, Massimiliano", "Rossi, Alessandro", "Rossi, Simone" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0978-11.2011", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 12096, "pages": "12165-70", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 9.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1529-2401", "publisher": "Society for Neuroscience", "sjr": 2.35, "snip": 1.471, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2011-08-01", "selected": false, "title": "Frequency-dependent tuning of the human motor system induced by transcranial oscillatory potentials.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The mainstay of epilepsy surgery is the resection of a presumed seizure focus or disruption of seizure propagation pathways. These approaches cannot be applied to all patients with medically refractory epilepsy (MRE). Since 1997, vagus nerve stimulation has been a palliative adjunct to the care of MRE patients. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) in select locations has been reported to reduce seizure frequency in small studies over the past three decades. Recently published results from the SANTE (Stimulation of the Anterior Nuclei of Thalamus for Epilepsy) trial-the first large-scale, randomized, double-blind trial of bilateral anterior thalamus DBS for MRE-demonstrate a significant reduction in seizure frequency with programmed stimulation. Another surgical alternative is the RNS\u2122 System (NeuroPace, Mountain View, CA), which uses a closed-loop system termed responsive neurostimulation to both detect apparent seizure onsets and deliver stimulation. Recently presented results from the RNS\u2122 pivotal trial demonstrate a sustained reduction in seizure frequency with stimulation, although comprehensive trial results are pending.", "authors": [ "Gigante, Paul R", "Goodman, Robert R" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1007/s11910-011-0209-8", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 397, "pages": "404-8", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 9.8, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1534-6293", "publisher": "Current Medicine Group", "sjr": 1.506, "snip": 2.075, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Current neurology and neuroscience reports" }, "publication_date": "2011-08-01", "selected": false, "title": "Alternative surgical approaches in epilepsy.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Over the past two decades, the H reflex has been used as a neural tool to assess the effect on the motoneuronal pool of conditioning volleys in supraspinal descending tracts elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) or auditory stimuli. However, mechanisms mediating such modulation are unclear. These hypothesized neural pathways are likely to be affected by single electrical stimulus applied through the electrodes implanted in the subthalamic nucleus for deep brain stimulation (sSTNDBS). To improve our knowledge on such mechanisms, we examined in 11 Parkinson's disease patients the effects of conditioning sSTNDBS applied contralateral and ipsilateral to the H reflex recording on the amplitude of the soleus H reflex, at interstimulus intervals (ISIs) between 0 and 110 ms. There was a significant main effect of the ISI (P<0.001) and of the sSTNDBS stimulation side (P=0.019) on the percentage change in the soleus H-reflex amplitude. Contralateral sSTNDBS modulation of the soleus H reflex resembles that of TMS in healthy subjects with two facilitation phases (at 5-20 ms and at 60 ms), while after ipsilateral sSTNDBS, there is only a single facilitation phase peaking up at 5 ms later than the first facilitation period observed with contralateral stimulation. These findings contribute to the discussion of the mechanisms underlying the excitability of the spinal alpha motoneuron pool and the modulation of the H reflex by supraspinal stimuli.", "authors": [ "Costa, Jo\u00e3o", "Guzm\u00e1n, Jessica", "Valldeoriola, Francesc", "Rumi\u00e0, Jordi", "Tolosa, Eduardo", "Casanova-Molla, Jordi", "Valls-Sol\u00e9, Josep" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1007/s00221-011-2750-8", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 392, "pages": "439-48", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1432-1106", "publisher": "Springer Verlag", "sjr": 0.662, "snip": 0.85, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Experimental brain research" }, "publication_date": "2011-06-09", "selected": false, "title": "Modulation of the soleus H reflex by electrical subcortical stimuli in humans.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Stuttering is a speech disorder with disruption of verbal fluency which is occasionally present in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Long-term medical management of PD is frequently complicated by fluctuating motor functions and dyskinesias. High-frequency deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an effective treatment of motor fluctuations and is the most common surgical procedure in PD. Here we report the re-occurrence and aggravation of stuttering following STN-DBS in two male patients treated for advanced PD. In both patients the speech fluency improved considerably when the neurostimulator was turned off, indicating that stuttering aggravation was related to neurostimulation of the STN itself, its afferent or efferent projections and/or to structures localized in the immediate proximity. This report supports previous studies demonstrating that lesions of the basal ganglia-thalamocortical motor circuit, including the STN, is involved in the development of stuttering. In advanced PD STN-DBS is generally an effective and safe treatment. However, patients with PD and stuttering should be informed about the risk of aggravated symptoms following surgical therapy.", "authors": [ "Toft, Mathias", "Dietrichs, Espen" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1186/1471-2377-11-44", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "44", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 4.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1471-2377", "publisher": "BioMed Central Ltd.", "sjr": 0.771, "snip": 1.092, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)" ], "title": "BMC neurology" }, "publication_date": "2011-04-08", "selected": false, "title": "Aggravated stuttering following subthalamic deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease--two cases.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Despite the advances in pharmacologic treatments for epilepsy, approximately one-third of patients with epilepsy continue to have seizures, and alternative treatment approaches are necessary in such cases. For many patients, resective surgery can be an alternative for achieving seizure freedom; however, its success depend on identifying seizure foci before surgery. Many patients with medically intractable epilepsy are not suitable candidates for surgery. The therapeutic effect of electrical stimulation on the brain has been studied for decades. Currently, the thalamus, subthalamic nucleus, hippocampus, cerebellar nuclei, and cortical seizure foci are stimulated for treating epilepsy. In 2010, the results of the first, multicenter randomized double-blinded controlled study were published. This report documents a clinical trial involving stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus for epilepsy (SANTE). These results showed bilateral stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus reduces seizures. The responsive neurostimulator, which can be called a brain pacemaker, is another stimulation device for the treatment of epilepsy. A clinical trial involving the Neuropace system is in progress in the USA. Preliminary results indicating the efficacy of the Neuropace study were presented at the annual American Epilepsy Society meeting in 2010; the final results of this study are awaited.", "authors": [ "Akamatsu, Naoki", "Tsuji, Sadatoshi" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": null, "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 357, "pages": "365-9", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 0.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1881-6096", "publisher": "Igaku-Shoin Ltd", "sjr": 0.145, "snip": 0.226, "subject_areas": [ "Medicine (all)" ], "title": "Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo" }, "publication_date": "2011-04-01", "selected": false, "title": "[Deep brain stimulation for epilepsy].", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The clinical features of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs), such as trigeminal distribution of pain, circadian/circannual rhythmicity, and ipsilateral cranial autonomic features, suggest a crucial role of the hypothalamus in the underlying pathophysiology of these primary headache disorders. Hypothalamic involvement is supported by several neuroimaging, neuroendocrine, genetic, experimental pain, and animal studies. Unfortunately, these different studies were unable to resolve the paramount question of whether the detected hypothalamic alterations are pathognomonic for TACs or whether they merely represent an epiphenomenon of different pain conditions in general. This review summarizes studies on hypothalamic involvement in TAC pathophysiology, demonstrates hypothalamic activation in other painful diseases, and evaluates the role of the hypothalamus in the pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with these different conditions.", "authors": [ "Holle, Dagny", "Katsarava, Zaza", "Obermann, Mark" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1007/s11916-010-0166-y", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 95, "pages": "101-7", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1534-3081", "publisher": "Current Science, Inc.", "sjr": 0.796, "snip": 1.639, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine" ], "title": "Current pain and headache reports" }, "publication_date": "2011-04-01", "selected": false, "title": "The hypothalamus: specific or nonspecific role in the pathophysiology of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias?", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Simultaneous transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) may advance the understanding of neurophysiological mechanisms of TMS. However, it remains unclear if TMS induces fMRI signal changes consistent with the standard hemodynamic response function (HRF) in both local and remote regions. To address this issue, we delivered single-pulse TMS to the left M1 during simultaneous recoding of electromyography and time-resolved fMRI in 36 healthy participants. First, we examined the time-course of fMRI signals during supra- and subthreshold single-pulse TMS in comparison with those during voluntary right hand movement and electrical stimulation to the right median nerve (MNS). All conditions yielded comparable time-courses of fMRI signals, showing that HRF would generally provide reasonable estimates for TMS-evoked activity in the motor areas. However, a clear undershoot following the signal peak was observed only during subthreshold TMS in the left M1, suggesting a small but meaningful difference between the locally and remotely TMS-evoked activities. Second, we compared the spatial distribution of activity across the conditions. Suprathreshold TMS-evoked activity overlapped not only with voluntary movement-related activity but also partially with MNS-induced activity, yielding overlapped areas of activity around the stimulated M1. The present study has provided the first experimental evidence that motor area activity during suprathreshold TMS likely includes activity for processing of muscle afferents. A method should be developed to control the effects of muscle afferents for fair interpretation of TMS-induced motor area activity during suprathreshold TMS to M1.", "authors": [ "Shitara, H", "Shinozaki, T", "Takagishi, K", "Honda, M", "Hanakawa, T" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.03.011", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 1391, "pages": "1469-79", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 11.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1095-9572", "publisher": "Academic Press Inc.", "sjr": 2.512, "snip": 1.782, "subject_areas": [ "Cognitive Neuroscience", "Neurology" ], "title": "NeuroImage" }, "publication_date": "2011-03-17", "selected": false, "title": "Time course and spatial distribution of fMRI signal changes during single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation to the primary motor cortex.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE Globus pallidus internus (GPi) and subthalamic nucleus (STN) have successfully been targeted independently for deep brain stimulator (DBS) placement in medically intractable Parkinson's disease (PD). Bilateral implantation of STN DBS in a patient with preexisting, functioning GPi DBS to specifically treat motor fluctuations is, to our knowledge, yet unreported.\nCLINICAL PRESENTATION METHODS We present a case of PD who had well-placed bilateral GPi DBS that controlled dyskinesia effectively and improved the motor symptoms like rigidity and akinesia. It did not improve her motor fluctuations and failed to reduce her medications.\nMETHODS METHODS We implanted bilateral STN DBS, which improved her 'on' time, reduced her medications and improved her motor scores.\nRESULTS/CONCLUSION CONCLUSIONS In this report we discuss the rationale, technical issues, programming nuances and outcome in a patient with preexisting bilateral GPi DBS who was implanted with bilateral STN DBS.", "authors": [ "Deogaonkar, Milind", "Monsalve, Guillermo A", "Scott, Jenera", "Ahmed, Anwar", "Rezai, Ali" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1159/000323375", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 117, "pages": "123-7", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1423-0372", "publisher": "S. Karger AG", "sjr": 0.446, "snip": 0.767, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery" }, "publication_date": "2011-02-17", "selected": false, "title": "Bilateral subthalamic deep brain stimulation after bilateral pallidal deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVE To better understand the mechanism of action of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for epilepsy and to investigate implantable device features, it is desirable to have a large animal model to evaluate clinical-grade systems. This study assessed the suitability of an ovine model of epilepsy for this purpose.\nMETHODS METHODS Animals were anesthetized for surgery and 1.5 T MRIs collected. Unilateral anterior thalamic DBS leads, hippocampal depth electrodes and catheters were implanted using a frameless stereotactic system. Evoked responses and local field potentials were collected and stored for off-line analysis.\nRESULTS RESULTS Despite limited neuroanatomic information for this species, it was possible to reliably implant leads into the target structures using MR-guided techniques. Stimulation of these regions produced robust evoked potentials within this circuit that were dependent on stimulus location and parameters. High-frequency thalamic DBS produced a clear inhibition of both spontaneous and penicillin-induced ictal activity in the hippocampus which far outlasted the duration of the stimulation.\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results suggest that the sheep model may be useful for further investigation of DBS for epilepsy. The demonstration of marked suppression of network excitability with high-frequency stimulation supports a potential therapeutic mechanism for this DBS therapy.", "authors": [ "Stypulkowski, Paul H", "Giftakis, Jonathon E", "Billstrom, Tina M" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1159/000323343", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 90, "pages": "111-22", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1423-0372", "publisher": "S. Karger AG", "sjr": 0.446, "snip": 0.767, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery" }, "publication_date": "2011-02-17", "selected": false, "title": "Development of a large animal model for investigation of deep brain stimulation for epilepsy.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND BACKGROUND Abnormally enhanced cortical rhythmic activities have been reported in patients with cortical myoclonus. We recently reported a new triad-conditioning transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) method to detect the intrinsic rhythms of the primary motor cortex (M1). Triad-conditioning TMS revealed a 40-Hz intrinsic rhythm of M1 in normal subjects. In this investigation, we study the motor cortical facilitation induced by rhythmic triple TMS pulses (triad-conditioning TMS) in patients with cortical myoclonus.\nMETHODS METHODS Subjects were 7 patients with cortical myoclonus (28-74 years old) and 13 healthy volunteers (30-71 years old). Three conditioning stimuli over M1 at the intensity of 110% active motor threshold preceded the test TMS at various interstimulus intervals corresponding to 10-200 Hz. The resulting amplitudes of conditioned motor evoked potentials recorded from the contralateral hand muscle were compared with those evoked by the test stimulus alone.\nRESULTS RESULTS The facilitation at 25 ms (40 Hz) observed in normal subjects was absent in patients with cortical myoclonus. Instead, triad-conditioning TMS induced facilitation at a 40 ms interval (25 Hz) in cortical myoclonus.\nDISCUSSIONS CONCLUSIONS This change in the timing of facilitation may be explained by a shift of the most preferential intrinsic rhythm of M1, or by some dysfunction in the interneuronal network in cortical myoclonus.", "authors": [ "Hanajima, R", "Terao, Y", "Nakatani-Enomoto, S", "Okabe, S", "Shirota, Y", "Oominami, S", "Matsumoto, H", "Tsuji, S", "Ugawa, Y" ], "categories": null, "citations": 8, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1002/mds.23539", "keywords": [ "Gamma band", "Motor evoked potentials", "Transcranial magnetic stimulation", "Cortical intrinsic rhythm", "Beta band" ], "number_of_pages": 596, "pages": "685-690", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 13.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1531-8257", "publisher": "John Wiley & Sons Inc.", "sjr": 2.602, "snip": 1.981, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society" }, "publication_date": "2011-02-16", "selected": false, "title": "Triad stimulation frequency for cortical facilitation in cortical myoclonus.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=79955020058&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "The transient visual response of feline dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) cells was studied under control conditions and during the application of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation at 1 Hz (rTMS@1Hz) on the primary visual cortex (V1). The results show that rTMS@1Hz modulates the firing mode of Y cells, inducing an increase in burst spikes and a decrease in tonic firing. On the other hand, rTMS@1Hz modifies the spatiotemporal characteristics of receptive fields of X cells, inducing a delay and a decrease of the peak response, and a change of the surround/center amplitude ratio of RF profiles. These results indicate that V1 controls the activity of the visual thalamus in a different way in the X and Y pathways, and that this feedback control is consistent with functional roles associated with each cell type.", "authors": [ "Espinosa, Nelson", "Mari\u00f1o, Jorge", "de Labra, Carmen", "Cudeiro, Javier" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0017041", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "e17041", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1932-6203", "publisher": "Public Library of Science", "sjr": 0.885, "snip": 1.253, "subject_areas": [ "Multidisciplinary" ], "title": "PloS one" }, "publication_date": "2011-02-10", "selected": false, "title": "Cortical modulation of the transient visual response at thalamic level: a TMS study.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) as treatment for Parkinson's disease has been in use for more than a decade, yet the immediate effect of stimulation upon movement parameters is not well characterized.\nOBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE The goal of the current study is the identification of the best time point to test hand function after programming DBS devices.\nMETHODS METHODS Reaction time, movement time and velocity were measured at multiple time points with a movement-sensitive glove after the deep brain stimulator had been turned on or off, during 'off medication' conditions.\nRESULTS RESULTS Velocity, movement time and reaction time worsened significantly in the first 20 min after the deep brain stimulator had been turned off. A 'plateau effect' after 20 min was not observed. Initiation of stimulation led to immediate significant increases in movement time and velocity and to a lesser degree a decrease in reaction time. Patients performed more inconsistently over time after onset of stimulation compared to stimulation withdrawal. Intraoperative testing showed an immediate improvement in velocity after placement of the STN deep brain stimulator.\nCONCLUSION CONCLUSIONS Movement time and velocity already reach their peak changes within 20 min after the deep brain stimulator has been reprogrammed, and therefore, this time point may be used to test the maximal clinical effect of stimulation.", "authors": [ "Waldau, Ben", "Clayton, Daniel A", "Gasperson, Lynne B", "Turner, Dennis A" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1159/000323340", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 8, "pages": "48-55", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1423-0372", "publisher": "S. Karger AG", "sjr": 0.446, "snip": 0.767, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery" }, "publication_date": "2011-01-19", "selected": false, "title": "Analysis of the time course of the effect of subthalamic nucleus stimulation upon hand function in Parkinson's patients.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE Lesioning or stimulation of the cerebellar thalamus is an established treatment for rest and postural tremors in Parkinson disease (PD). The cerebellothalamocortical (CTC) pathway can be assessed by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the cerebellum, which suppresses the contralateral primary motor cortex (M1), a phenomenon termed cerebellar inhibition (CBI). Tremor reset can be used to assess whether the stimulated brain area is involved in the generation or transmission of tremor. We tested whether M1 or cerebellar stimulation can reset PD tremor, and investigated the excitability of the CTC pathway in PD.\nMETHODS METHODS Ten mild to moderate PD patients in the OFF medication state and 10 healthy controls were studied. Tremor reset was tested with TMS delivered to the cerebellum or M1. CBI was assessed by cerebellar stimulation followed by M1 stimulation at interstimulus intervals of 3 to 8 milliseconds. Subjects were tested both at rest and during arm extension.\nRESULTS RESULTS Rest tremor in PD was reset by M1 stimulation but not by cerebellar stimulation. Postural tremor was reset by both types of stimulation. At rest, CBI was reduced in PD patients compared to controls. Arm extension decreased CBI in controls and turned the inhibition into facilitation in patients. CBI correlated with the degree of tremor reset caused by the cerebellar stimulation.\nINTERPRETATION CONCLUSIONS The excitability of CTC pathway is decreased in PD. Rest and postural tremors in PD are mediated by different neuronal pathways, and the CTC pathway is involved in the generation or transmission of postural tremor.", "authors": [ "Ni, Zhen", "Pinto, Andrew D", "Lang, Anthony E", "Chen, Robert" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1002/ana.22221", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 793, "pages": "816-24", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 18.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1531-8249", "publisher": "John Wiley & Sons Inc.", "sjr": 3.977, "snip": 2.769, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Annals of neurology" }, "publication_date": "2010-12-01", "selected": false, "title": "Involvement of the cerebellothalamocortical pathway in Parkinson disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Hypomanic symptoms depending on anatomical location of contacts are reported in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) treated by deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN). However, the underlying cortical and subcortical dysfunction is debated. In this study, five PD patients implanted with DBS-STN who presented with reversible and reproducible hypomanic symptoms after stimulation of specific 'manic' contacts were investigated. Hypomanic symptoms were assessed using the Bech and Rafaelsen Mania Scale (MAS). Three dimensional anatomical location of 'euthymic' and 'manic' contacts, after matching the postoperative CT scan with the preoperative stereotactic MRI, and a H(2)(15)O positron emission tomography (PET) study testing 'euthymic' and 'manic' contacts, were performed. Under 'euthymic' conditions, MAS score (mean\u00b1SD) was 0.6\u00b10.5 compared with 7.8\u00b13.1 under 'manic' conditions. Nine of 10 'manic' contacts were located in the substantia nigra, mainly in its ventral part. PET showed that hypomania was associated with strong asymmetrical cerebral activation involving preferentially the right hemisphere and was mediated by activation of the anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex. The present study demonstrates the role of the subcortical structures in the genesis of hypomania in PD patients treated with DBS and stresses the involvement of the substantia nigra.", "authors": [ "Ulla, Miguel", "Thobois, St\u00e9phane", "Llorca, Pierre-Michel", "Derost, Philippe", "Lemaire, Jean-Jacques", "Chereau-Boudet, Isabelle", "de Chazeron, Ingrid", "Schmitt, Audrey", "Ballanger, B\u00e9n\u00e9dicte", "Broussolle, Emmanuel", "Durif, Franck" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1136/jnnp.2009.199323", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 594, "pages": "607-14", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 15.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1468-330X", "publisher": "BMJ Publishing Group", "sjr": 3.178, "snip": 2.878, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Surgery" ], "title": "Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry" }, "publication_date": "2010-11-03", "selected": false, "title": "Contact dependent reproducible hypomania induced by deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease: clinical, anatomical and functional imaging study.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Neurostimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an established treatment for motor symptoms in advanced Parkinson disease (PD), although concerns exist regarding the safety of this therapy in terms of cognitive and psychiatric adverse effects. The basal ganglia are considered to be part of distributed cortico-subcortical networks that are involved in the selection, facilitation and inhibition of movements, emotions, behaviors and thoughts. The STN has a central role in these networks, probably providing a global 'no-go' signal. The behavioral and cognitive effects observed following STN high-frequency stimulation (HFS) probably reflect the intrinsic role of this nucleus in nonmotor functional domains. Nevertheless, postoperative behavioral changes are seldom caused by such stimulation alone. PD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with motor, cognitive, behavioral and autonomic symptoms. The pattern of neurodegeneration and expression of these symptoms are highly variable across individuals. The preoperative neuropsychiatric state can be further complicated by sensitization phenomena resulting from long-term dopaminergic treatment, which include impulse control disorders, punding, and addictive behaviors (dopamine dysregulation syndrome). Finally, personality traits, the social environment, culture and learned behaviors might be important determinants explaining why behavioral symptoms differ between patients after surgery. Here, we summarize the neuropsychiatric changes observed after STN HFS and try to disentangle their various etiologies.", "authors": [ "Volkmann, Jens", "Daniels, Christine", "Witt, Karsten" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1038/nrneurol.2010.111", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 390, "pages": "487-98", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 34.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1759-4766", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "sjr": 6.536, "snip": 5.428, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience" ], "title": "Nature reviews. Neurology" }, "publication_date": "2010-08-03", "selected": false, "title": "Neuropsychiatric effects of subthalamic neurostimulation in Parkinson disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND The primary goal of stereotactic systems in deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery is accurate delivery of a DBS lead to a target identified on imaging. Thus, it is critical to understand the accuracy of the stereotactic systems and the factors which may be associated with a decrease in accuracy.\nMETHODS METHODS Ninety patients underwent microelectrode recording-guided placement of 139 DBS leads by a single surgeon using the Cosman-Roberts-Wells (CRW) frame (n = 70) or a frameless skull-mounted trajectory guide (Nexframe; n = 69). The final DBS location was identified on a postoperative CT fused to the preoperative CT and MRI scans. The difference between this final location and the expected location was calculated.\nRESULTS RESULTS The vector error was 2.65 mm (standard error, 0.22) for the frame and 2.78 mm (standard error, 0.25) for the frameless methods (p = 0.69). There was a gradual decline in error for both systems over time, as the vector error of the last 20 implants was 1.99 for the CRW frame and 2.04 for the Nexframe (p = 0.86).\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS This study shows that the CRW frame and Nexframe frameless systems have equivalent accuracy. Furthermore, the accuracy of both techniques improved over time, from 3 mm initially to 2 mm with current techniques.", "authors": [ "Kelman, Craig", "Ramakrishnan, V", "Davies, Alex", "Holloway, Kathryn" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1159/000316761", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 194, "pages": "288-95", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1423-0372", "publisher": "S. Karger AG", "sjr": 0.446, "snip": 0.767, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery" }, "publication_date": "2010-06-24", "selected": false, "title": "Analysis of stereotactic accuracy of the cosman-robert-wells frame and nexframe frameless systems in deep brain stimulation surgery.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "This case study concerns a patient with primary chronic cluster headache, who was unresponsive to all treatments and consecutively underwent hypothalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS). DBS had no effect on the cluster attacks, but cured an existing polydipsia as well as restlessness. However, hypothalamic DBS produced a constant, dull headache without concomitant symptoms and a high-frequent tremor. All of these effects were repeated when the stimulation was stopped and than started again. DBS had no effect on a pathological weight gain from 70\u2009kg to 150\u2009kg due to bulimia at night, usually during headache attacks. This case illustrates that cluster headache is, in some patients, only one symptom of a complex hypothalamic syndrome. This case also underlines that the stimulation parameters and anatomical target area for hypothalamic DBS may be too unspecific to do justice to the clinical variety of patients and concomitant symptoms. Hypothalamic DBS is an exquisite and potentially life-saving treatment method in otherwise intractable patients, but needs to be better characterised and should only be considered when other stimulation methods, such as stimulation of the greater occipital nerve, are unsuccessful.", "authors": [ "Hidding, Ute", "May, Arne" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1177/0333102410373157", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 108, "pages": "112-5", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 10.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1468-2982", "publisher": "SAGE Publications Ltd", "sjr": 1.561, "snip": 1.551, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)" ], "title": "Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache" }, "publication_date": "2010-05-17", "selected": false, "title": "Mere surgery will not cure cluster headache--implications for neurostimulation.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Despite the wide diffusion of subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) for Parkinson's disease, systematic practical recommendations for intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring are still lacking. In this paper, a shared protocol for intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring arising from the meetings of a panel of neurophysiologists of the DBS Study Group of the Italian Neurological Society is proposed. Intraoperative monitoring is composed by microrecordings and functional stimulation. In microrecordings, it is recommended to use at least 2-3 electrodes, descending with steps of 0.5-1 mm and waiting at least 60 s before changing the position. Functional stimulation is used to assess the clinical efficacy and the side effects induced by STN-DBS at different positions. Based on the therapeutic window, an algorithm to find the optimal target is proposed. The procedures for intraoperative monitoring for STN-DBS proposed here are safe, relatively cheap, take approximately 30-40 min per side and could offer valuable additional information to the surgeon.", "authors": [ "Marceglia, Sara", "Mrakic-Sposta, Simona", "Tommasi, Giorgio", "Bartolomei, Luigi", "Foresti, Camillo", "Valzania, Franco", "Galati, Salvatore", "Stefani, Alessandro", "Tamma, Filippo", "Priori, Alberto", "None, None" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1007/s10072-010-0254-0", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 393, "pages": "449-57", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1590-3478", "publisher": "Springer-Verlag Italia Srl", "sjr": 0.765, "snip": 1.075, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Dermatology" ], "title": "Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology" }, "publication_date": "2010-04-23", "selected": false, "title": "Multicenter study report: electrophysiological monitoring procedures for subthalamic deep brain stimulation surgery in Parkinson's disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has become the surgical therapy of choice for medically intractable Parkinson's disease. However, quantitative understanding of the interaction between the electric field generated by DBS and the underlying neural tissue is limited. Recently, computational models of varying levels of complexity have been used to study the neural response to DBS. The goal of this study was to evaluate the quantitative impact of incrementally incorporating increasing levels of complexity into computer models of STN DBS. Our analysis focused on the direct activation of experimentally measureable fiber pathways within the internal capsule (IC). Our model system was customized to an STN DBS patient and stimulation thresholds for activation of IC axons were calculated with electric field models that ranged from an electrostatic, homogenous, isotropic model to one that explicitly incorporated the voltage-drop and capacitance of the electrode-electrolyte interface, tissue encapsulation of the electrode, and diffusion-tensor based 3D tissue anisotropy and inhomogeneity. The model predictions were compared to experimental IC activation defined from electromyographic (EMG) recordings from eight different muscle groups in the contralateral arm and leg of the STN DBS patient. Coupled evaluation of the model and experimental data showed that the most realistic predictions of axonal thresholds were achieved with the most detailed model. Furthermore, the more simplistic neurostimulation models substantially overestimated the spatial extent of neural activation.", "authors": [ "Chaturvedi, Ashutosh", "Butson, Christopher R", "Lempka, Scott F", "Cooper, Scott E", "McIntyre, Cameron C" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.brs.2010.01.003", "keywords": [ "N Parkinson's disease", "D016428 Journal Article", "D052061 Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "N neural activation", "N computational modeling", "N deep brain stimulation" ], "number_of_pages": 59, "pages": "65-7", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 12.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1876-4754", "publisher": "Elsevier Inc.", "sjr": 2.184, "snip": 1.816, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Biophysics", "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Brain stimulation" }, "publication_date": "2010-04-01", "selected": false, "title": "Patient-specific models of deep brain stimulation: influence of field model complexity on neural activation predictions.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Functional and structural neuroimaging studies have provided pivotal insights into the pathophysiology of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs), particularly cluster headache (CH). Functional imaging studies using positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in TACs have reported activation of the posterior hypothalamus. A structural neuroimaging study using voxel-based morphometry in CH reported increased volume of the hypothalamic gray, although another larger study failed to reproduce this finding. These studies in CH prompted the use of stereotactic stimulation of the target point identified by functional and structural neuroimaging. The precise anatomical localization of the deep brain stimulation (DBS) target places it at the midbrain tegmentum rather than the posterior hypothalamus. A comparison of the PET and fMRI studies in TACs reveals that the diencephalic/mesencephalic activation is more posteroinferior in the PET studies, straddling the hypothalamus and midbrain tegmentum, whereas the activation is centered on the hypothalamus in the higher spatial resolution fMRI studies. To optimize the outcomes from DBS, it is likely that patients will need to be studied individually using functional imaging techniques that have high spatial and temporal resolution to enable targeting of the appropriate locus with stereotactic stimulation.", "authors": [ "Matharu, Manjit S", "Zrinzo, Ludvic" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1007/s11916-010-0099-5", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 143, "pages": "151-9", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1534-3081", "publisher": "Current Science, Inc.", "sjr": 0.796, "snip": 1.639, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine" ], "title": "Current pain and headache reports" }, "publication_date": "2010-04-01", "selected": false, "title": "Deep brain stimulation in cluster headache: hypothalamus or midbrain tegmentum?", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Deep-brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus and internal globus pallidus are both surgical options in advanced Parkinson's disease. The best target is still debated with data suggesting better motor outcome in subthalamic stimulation but higher rates of psychiatric problems. Failure of pallidal stimulation within the first 2 years has been described. Here, we report a patient with good response to pallidal neurostimulation who developed a secondary failure after 10 years of treatment which was successfully reversed by reimplanting the electrodes into the subthalamic nucleus. This case suggests that a controlled comparison of treatment efficacy of pallidal and subthalamic neurostimulation may require a very long follow-up period to yield reliable results.", "authors": [ "Allert, Niels", "Lehrke, Ralph", "Sturm, Volker", "Volkmann, Jens" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1007/s00702-009-0363-1", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 299, "pages": "349-51", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1435-1463", "publisher": "Springer Verlag", "sjr": 0.875, "snip": 1.061, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Biological Psychiatry", "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Neurology" ], "title": "Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)" }, "publication_date": "2010-03-01", "selected": false, "title": "Secondary failure after ten years of pallidal neurostimulation in a patient with advanced Parkinson's disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "A coherent and meaningful percept of the world is essential for human nature. Consequently, much speculation has focused on how this is achieved in the brain. It is thought that all conscious experiences have reference to the self. Self-reference may either be minimal or extended, i.e., autonoetic. In minimal self-reference subjective experiences are self-aware in the weak sense that there is something it feels like for the subject to experience something. In autonoetic consciousness, consciousness emerges, by definition, by retrieval of memories of personally experienced events (episodic memory). It has been shown with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) that a medial paralimbic circuitry is critical for selfreference. This circuitry includes anterior cingulate/medial prefrontal and posterior cingulate/medial parietal cortices, connected directly and via thalamus. We here hypothesized that interaction in the circuitry may bind conscious experiences with widely different degrees of self-reference through synchrony of high frequency oscillations as a common neural event. This hypothesis was confirmed with magneto-encephalography (MEG). The observed coupling between the neural events in conscious experience may explain the sense of unity of consciousness and the severe symptoms associated with paralimbic dysfunction. \u00c2\u00a9 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.", "authors": [ "Lou, Hans C", "Gross, Joachim", "Biermann-Ruben, Katja", "Kjaer, Troels W", "Schnitzler, Alfons" ], "categories": null, "citations": 28, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1002/hbm.20855", "keywords": [ "Consciousness", "Paralimbic circuitry", "Vegetative state", "Asperger syndrome", "Self-awareness", "MEG" ], "number_of_pages": 94, "pages": "185-192", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 9.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1097-0193", "publisher": "Wiley-Liss Inc.", "sjr": 1.688, "snip": 1.395, "subject_areas": [ "Radiological and Ultrasound Technology", "Anatomy", "Neurology", "Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging", "Neurology (clinical)" ], "title": "Human brain mapping" }, "publication_date": "2010-02-01", "selected": false, "title": "Coherence in consciousness: paralimbic gamma synchrony of self-reference links conscious experiences.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=76249109127&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "To investigate further the functional mechanisms underlying the so-called 'loss of psychic self-activation' following paramedian bithalamic lesions, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in a patient who presented with this clinical picture after paramedian bithalamic infarction due to arterial occlusion. The patient showed higher motor thresholds than the controls; the cortical silent period and intracortical inhibition to paired-pulse stimulation, two different forms of inhibition that are believed to reflect GABAergic mechanisms, were significantly increased; short latency afferent inhibition (SAI), a technique that may give direct information about the function of some cholinergic circuits in the human brain, was significantly reduced. This study first demonstrates that there are changes in the intracortical excitatory and inhibitory circuits in this neurobehavioral syndrome, that lead to cortical hypoexcitability. The modulation in GABAergic activity may result in excitability changes in those cholinergic cortical networks that are involved in SAI. TMS may provide important information on connections between the thalamus and cortex and may help in better understanding the role of the thalamo-cortical relationship in behavioural changes associated with thalamic stroke.", "authors": [ "Nardone, Raffaele", "Bergmann, Jurgen", "Kronbichler, Martin", "De Blasi, Pierpaolo", "Caleri, Francesca", "Tezzon, Frediano", "Ladurner, Gunther", "Golaszewski, Stefan" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1080/13554790903463593", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 195, "pages": "286-92", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 1.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1465-3656", "publisher": "Taylor and Francis Ltd.", "sjr": 0.298, "snip": 0.377, "subject_areas": [ "Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous)", "Neurology (clinical)" ], "title": "Neurocase" }, "publication_date": "2010-01-26", "selected": false, "title": "Functional involvement of the cerebral cortex following paramedian bithalamic infarction.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Intracranial neurostimulation for pain relief is most frequently delivered by stimulating the motor cortex, the sensory thalamus, or the periaqueductal and periventricular gray matter. The stimulation of these sites through MCS (motor cortex stimulation) and DBS (deep brain stimulation) has proven effective for treating a number of neuropathic and nociceptive pain states that are not responsive or amenable to other therapies or types of neurostimulation. Prospective randomized clinical trials to confirm the efficacy of these intracranial therapies have not been published. Intracranial neurostimulation is somewhat different than other forms of neurostimulation in that its current primary application is for the treatment of medically intractable movement disorders. However, the increasing use of intracranial neurostimulation for the treatment of chronic pain, especially for pain not responsive to other neuromodulation techniques, reflects the efficacy and relative safety of these intracranial procedures. First employed in 1954, intracranial neurostimulation represents one of the earliest uses of neurostimulation to treat chronic pain that is refractory to medical therapy. Currently, 2 kinds of intracranial neurostimulation are commonly used to control pain: motor cortex stimulation and deep brain stimulation. MCS has shown particular promise in the treatment of trigeminal neuropathic pain and central pain syndromes such as thalamic pain syndrome. DBS may be employed for a number of nociceptive and neuropathic pain states, including cluster headaches, chronic low back pain, failed back surgery syndrome, peripheral neuropathic pain, facial deafferentation pain, and pain that is secondary to brachial plexus avulsion. The unique lack of stimulation-induced perceptual experience with MCS makes MCS uniquely suited for blinded studies of its effectiveness. This article will review the scientific rationale, indications, surgical techniques, and outcomes of intracranial neuromodulation procedures for the treatment of chronic pain.", "authors": [ "Levy, Robert", "Deer, Timothy R", "Henderson, Jaimie" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": null, "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 93, "pages": "157-65", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2150-1149", "publisher": "Association of Pain Management Anesthesiologists", "sjr": 0.824, "snip": 1.353, "subject_areas": [ "Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine" ], "title": "Pain physician" }, "publication_date": "2010-01-01", "selected": false, "title": "Intracranial neurostimulation for pain control: a review.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "We studied the time course and nature of interactions between the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the motor cortex in 8 Parkinson disease (PD) patients with chronically implanted STN deep-brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes. We first identified the cortical evoked potentials following STN stimulation. The most consistent potential was positive wave with peak latency of 22.2 +/- 1.2 ms from stimulation of clinically effective contacts. We then stimulated the motor cortex with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) at 2-15 ms and at the latency of the evoked potential ( approximately 23 ms) following STN DBS. TMS induced currents in 3 directions: lateral-medial (LM) direction activated corticospinal axons directly, posterior-anterior (PA), and anterior-posterior (AP) directions activated corticospinal neurons transynaptically. Motor-evoked potentials (MEP) elicited by AP and PA TMS were facilitated at short (2-4 ms) and medium latencies (21-24 ms). However, MEPs elicited by LM TMS were not modified by STN DBS. Short-latency antidromic stimulation of the corticosubthalamic projections and medium latency transmission likely through the basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuit led to cortical evoked potentials and increased motor cortex excitability at specific intervals following STN stimulation at clinically effective contacts. Cortical activation may be related to the clinical effects of STN DBS in PD.", "authors": [ "Kuriakose, Renju", "Saha, Utpal", "Castillo, Gabriel", "Udupa, Kaviraja", "Ni, Zhen", "Gunraj, Carolyn", "Mazzella, Filomena", "Hamani, Clement", "Lang, Anthony E", "Moro, Elena", "Lozano, Andres M", "Hodaie, Mojgan", "Chen, Robert" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1093/cercor/bhp269", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 1891, "pages": "1926-36", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 8.2, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1460-2199", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "sjr": 1.738, "snip": 1.159, "subject_areas": [ "Cognitive Neuroscience", "Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience" ], "title": "Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)" }, "publication_date": "2009-12-17", "selected": false, "title": "The nature and time course of cortical activation following subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson's disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis abnormalities have been reported in some patients with major depression. To knowledge, however, the effects of low-frequency right prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on the HPT axis have not yet been elucidated. The goal of this study was to evaluate alterations in the HPT axis associated with the therapeutic efficacy of TMS treatments. Twenty patients with treatment-resistant depression received five 60-s 1-Hz trains over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Twelve treatment sessions were administered within a 3-week period (total pulses, 3600). Responders were defined as a > or =50% decrease in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) score. Serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), and free thyroxine (fT4) were measured, respectively, at pre- and post-treatment. There were no significant changes in fT3 and fT4 levels measured at either pre- or post-treatment in either responders or nonresponders; however, TSH levels of responders elevated significantly after TMS treatments. In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between TSH levels at pretreatment and decrease (%) in the HDRS score. These findings suggest that the HPT axis is associated with antidepressant effects of low-frequency right prefrontal TMS, and indicate that lower TSH levels at pre-treatment are correlated with better therapeutic efficacy.", "authors": [ "Kito, Shinsuke", "Hasegawa, Takashi", "Fujita, Kenichi", "Koga, Yoshihiko" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.psychres.2008.10.002", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 68, "pages": "74-7", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 13.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "0165-1781", "publisher": "Elsevier Ireland Ltd", "sjr": 2.139, "snip": 2.134, "subject_areas": [ "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Biological Psychiatry" ], "title": "Psychiatry research" }, "publication_date": "2009-12-09", "selected": false, "title": "Changes in hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis following successful treatment with low-frequency right prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation in treatment-resistant depression.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "A commonly held view is that, when delivered during the performance of a task, repetitive TMS (rTMS) influences behavior by producing transient \"virtual lesions\" in targeted tissue. However, findings of rTMS-related improvements in performance are difficult to reconcile with this assumption. With regard to the mechanism whereby rTMS influences concurrent task performance, a combined rTMS/EEG study conducted in our lab has revealed a complex set of relations between rTMS, EEG activity, and behavioral performance, with the effects of rTMS on power in the alpha band and on alpha:gamma phase synchrony each predicting its effect on behavior. These findings suggest that rTMS influences performance by biasing endogenous task-related oscillatory dynamics, rather than creating a \"virtual lesion\". To further differentiate these two alternatives, in the present study we compared the effects of 10 Hz rTMS on neural activity with the results of an experiment in which rTMS was replaced with 10 Hz luminance flicker. We reasoned that 10 Hz flicker would produce widespread entrainment of neural activity to the flicker frequency, and comparison of these EEG results with those from the rTMS study would shed light on whether the latter also reflected entrainment to an exogenous stimulus. Results revealed pronounced evidence for \"entrainment noise\" produced by 10 Hz flicker-increased oscillatory power and inter-trial coherence (ITC) at the driving frequency, and increased alpha:gamma phase synchronization-that were nonetheless largely uncorrelated with behavior. This contrasts markedly with 10-Hz rTMS, for which the only evidence for stimulation-induced noise, elevated ITC at 30 Hz, differed qualitatively from the flicker results. Simultaneous recording of the EEG thus offers an important means of directly testing assumptions about how rTMS exerts its effects on behavior. \u00c2\u00a9 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.", "authors": [ "Johnson, Jeffrey S", "Hamidi, Massihullah", "Postle, Bradley R" ], "categories": null, "citations": 43, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1007/s10548-009-0118-1", "keywords": [ "EEG", "Virtual lesion", "TMS" ], "number_of_pages": 189, "pages": "281-293", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1573-6792", "publisher": "Kluwer Academic/Human Sciences Press Inc.", "sjr": 1.149, "snip": 1.205, "subject_areas": [ "Radiological and Ultrasound Technology", "Anatomy", "Neurology", "Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging", "Neurology (clinical)" ], "title": "Brain topography" }, "publication_date": "2009-11-14", "selected": false, "title": "Using EEG to explore how rTMS produces its effects on behavior.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=76649125523&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE To test whether the normal aging itself may change the cortical plasticity in human.\nMETHODS METHODS Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) were measured from 48 right-handed healthy volunteers (age 21-79) before and after the paired associative stimulation (PAS), comprising a single electric stimulus to the right median nerve at wrist and subsequent transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the left primary motor cortex.\nRESULTS RESULTS The magnitude of MEP increased by PAS in the young and middle but not in the elderly and its change was negatively correlated with the age.\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the human M1 shows age-dependent reduction of cortical plasticity.\nSIGNIFICANCE CONCLUSIONS The reduction of the M1 plasticity may be caused by the attenuated responsiveness of intracortical circuits in the M1 and/or disrupted sensorimotor integration within basal ganglia-thalamocortical loop.", "authors": [ "Fathi, Dina", "Ueki, Yoshino", "Mima, Tatsuya", "Koganemaru, Satoko", "Nagamine, Takashi", "Tawfik, Amal", "Fukuyama, Hidenao" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.clinph.2009.07.048", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 88, "pages": "90-3", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1872-8952", "publisher": "Elsevier Ireland Ltd", "sjr": 1.212, "snip": 1.482, "subject_areas": [ "Physiology (medical)", "Neurology (clinical)", "Sensory Systems", "Neurology" ], "title": "Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology" }, "publication_date": "2009-11-11", "selected": false, "title": "Effects of aging on the human motor cortical plasticity studied by paired associative stimulation.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Deep-brain stimulation (DBS) of the posterior hypothalamus has been shown to be clinically effective for drug-resistant chronic cluster headache, but the underlying mechanism is still not understood. The hypothalamus as an important centre of homeostasis is connected among others to the trigeminal system via the trigeminohypothalamic tract. We aimed to elucidate whether hypothalamic stimulation affects thermal sensation and pain perception only in the clinically affected region (the first trigeminal branch) or in other regions as well. Thus, we examined three groups: chronic cluster headache patients with unilateral DBS of the posterior hypothalamus (n = 11), chronic cluster headache patients without DBS (n = 15) and healthy controls (n = 29). Perception and pain thresholds for hot and cold stimuli were determined bilaterally in all subjects supraorbitally, at the forearm, and in the lower leg. In DBS patients, thresholds were determined with the stimulator activated and inactivated. Cold pain thresholds at the first trigeminal branch were increased on the stimulated side in the DBS group compared to healthy subjects (p = .015). The DBS group also had higher cold detection thresholds compared to non-implanted cluster headache patients (p < .05). Short-term interruption of stimulation did not induce any changes in DBS patients. Clinically relevant differences were found neither between non-stimulated cluster headache patients and healthy controls nor between the affected and the non-affected sides in the chronic cluster headache patients without DBS. These results support the notion that neurostimulation of the posterior hypothalamus is specific for cluster headache and only affects certain aspects of pain sensation.", "authors": [ "J\u00fcrgens, Tim P", "Leone, Massimo", "Proietti-Cecchini, Alberto", "Busch, Volker", "Mea, Eliana", "Bussone, Gennaro", "May, Arne" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.pain.2009.07.006", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 7, "pages": "84-90", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 12.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1872-6623", "publisher": "Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Ltd.", "sjr": 2.445, "snip": 3.151, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology", "Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine" ], "title": "Pain" }, "publication_date": "2009-08-12", "selected": false, "title": "Hypothalamic deep-brain stimulation modulates thermal sensitivity and pain thresholds in cluster headache.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "A single pulse of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can reset the 15- to 30-Hz beta-band oscillations in the motor cortex. These oscillations are known to influence the amplitude of corticospinal activity evoked by TMS. To garner further evidence for this resetting, we tested how electromyographic responses to motor cortex TMS were modulated by a preceding series of TMS pulses. We used a triad of conditioning TMS pulses at various interstimulus intervals (ISIs) in an attempt to drive cortical activity at the corresponding frequency. We then analyzed how the amplitude of motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) to a test pulse varied at different intervals after the conditioning triad. When conditioning pulses were given at an ISI of 25\u00c2 ms, responses to the fourth (test) pulse were facilitated 25\u00c2 ms later. Neither a single conditioning pulse nor triad of conditioning pulses separated by other ISIs enhanced responses to the test pulse at the expected timings. Triads of pulses at an ISI of 25\u00c2 ms did not enhance subsequent MEPs to brainstem stimulation. Based on the intensity of the conditioning stimuli necessary to produce this effect and on the effective interval, we conclude that the facilitation at 25\u00c2 ms differs from intracortical facilitation at 7-10\u00c2 ms seen in the paired-pulse experiment originally reported by Kujirai et al. These results suggest that a triad of TMS pulses can enhance an intrinsic oscillatory rhythm of the motor cortex (40\u00c2 Hz) and facilitate cortical activity at an ISI corresponding to the frequency of that rhythm. \u00c2\u00a9 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "authors": [ "Hanajima, Ritsuko", "Terao, Yasuo", "Hamada, Masashi", "Okabe, Shingo", "Nakatani-Enomoto, Setsu", "Furubayashi, Toshiaki", "Yugeta, Akihiro", "Inomata-Terada, Satomi", "Ugawa, Yoshikazu" ], "categories": null, "citations": 9, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.brainres.2009.08.008", "keywords": [ "Intracortical facilitation", "Intrinsic oscillation", "Transcranial magnetic stimulation", "Motor-evoked potential" ], "number_of_pages": 9, "pages": "15-23", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1872-6240", "publisher": "Elsevier", "sjr": 0.854, "snip": 0.766, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)", "Neurology (clinical)", "Molecular Biology", "Developmental Biology" ], "title": "Brain research" }, "publication_date": "2009-08-11", "selected": false, "title": "Forty-hertz triple-pulse stimulation induces motor cortical facilitation in humans.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=70349285953&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Effective connectivity between cortical areas decreases during slow wave sleep. This decline can be observed in the reduced interareal propagation of activity evoked either directly in cortex by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) or by sensory stimulation. We present here a large-scale model of the thalamocortical system that is capable of reproducing these experimental observations. This model was constructed according to a large number of physiological and anatomical constraints and includes over 30,000 spiking neurons interconnected by more than 5 million synaptic connections and organized into three cortical areas. By simulating the different effects of arousal promoting neuromodulators, the model can produce a waking or a slow wave sleep-like mode. In this work, we also seek to explain why intercortical signal transmission decreases in slow wave sleep. The traditional explanation for reduced brain responses during this state, a thalamic gate, cannot account for the reduced propagation between cortical areas. Therefore we propose that a cortical gate is responsible for this diminished intercortical propagation. We used our model to test three candidate mechanisms that might produce a cortical gate during slow wave sleep: a propensity to enter a local down state following perturbation, which blocks the propagation of activity to other areas, increases in potassium channel conductance that reduce neuronal responsiveness, and a shift in the balance of synaptic excitation and inhibition toward inhibition, which decreases network responses to perturbation. Of these mechanisms, we find that only a shift in the balance of synaptic excitation and inhibition can account for the observed in vivo response to direct cortical perturbation as well as many features of spontaneous sleep.", "authors": [ "Esser, Steve K", "Hill, Sean", "Tononi, Giulio" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1152/jn.00059.2009", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 1986, "pages": "2096-111", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1522-1598", "publisher": "American Physiological Society", "sjr": 1.067, "snip": 0.974, "subject_areas": [ "Physiology", "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Journal of neurophysiology" }, "publication_date": "2009-08-05", "selected": false, "title": "Breakdown of effective connectivity during slow wave sleep: investigating the mechanism underlying a cortical gate using large-scale modeling.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Cluster headache, paroxysmal hemicrania, and short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT) are primary headaches recently classified together as trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs). The causes of these headaches have long been debated, with \"peripheral\" hypotheses in opposition to \"central\" hypotheses. The available information indicates that the pain originates from within the brain in cluster headache. The hypothalamic activation observed during TAC attacks by use of functional neuroimaging, and the success of hypothalamic stimulation as a treatment, confirm that the posterior hypothalamus is crucial in the pathophysiology of these headaches. The posterior hypothalamus is now known to modulate craniofacial pain, and hypothalamic activation occurs in other pain disorders, suggesting that this brain area is likely to have a more complex role in the pathophysiology of TACs than that of a mere trigger. Hypothalamic activation might play a part in terminating rather than triggering attacks, and might also give rise to a central permissive state, allowing attacks to take place.", "authors": [ "Leone, Massimo", "Bussone, Gennaro" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70133-4", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 692, "pages": "755-64", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 62.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1474-4422", "publisher": "Elsevier Ltd.", "sjr": 9.819, "snip": 13.538, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)" ], "title": "The Lancet. Neurology" }, "publication_date": "2009-08-01", "selected": false, "title": "Pathophysiology of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "PURPOSE OF REVIEW OBJECTIVE Conventional management options in medically intractable chronic-headache syndromes, such as chronic migraine, chronic cluster headache and hemicrania continua, are often limited. This review summarizes the current concepts, approaches and outcome data of invasive device-based neurostimulation approaches using occipital-nerve stimulation and deep-brain stimulation.\nRECENT FINDINGS RESULTS Recently, there has been considerable progress in neurostimulation approaches to medically intractable chronic-headache syndromes. Previous studies have analysed the safety and efficacy of suboccipital neurostimulation in drug-resistant chronic-headache syndromes such as in chronic migraine, chronic cluster headache and hemicrania continua. The studies suggest suboccipital neurostimulation can have an effect even decades after onset of headaches, thus representing a possible therapeutic option inpatients that do not respond to any medication. Similarly, to date over 50 patients with cluster headaches underwent hypothalamic deep-brain stimulation. From these, an average of 50-70% did show a significant positive response.\nSUMMARY CONCLUSIONS These findings will help to further elucidate the clinical potential of neurostimulation in chronic headache.", "authors": [ "Bartsch, Thorsten", "Paemeleire, Koen", "Goadsby, Peter J" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1097/wco.0b013e32832ae61e", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 255, "pages": "262-8", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 10.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1473-6551", "publisher": "Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Ltd.", "sjr": 1.701, "snip": 1.874, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Current opinion in neurology" }, "publication_date": "2009-06-01", "selected": false, "title": "Neurostimulation approaches to primary headache disorders.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "SUNA is a trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia (TAC) characterized by short unilateral attacks centered on the ophthalmic trigeminal distribution, and accompanied by at least one of a number of cranial autonomic symptoms that can include lacrimation, redness of the ipsilateral eye, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, and eyelid edema. It exists in episodic and chronic form. We have described an atypical case of episodic SUNA with an exclusive seasonal pattern as previously reported in other trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia, commonly known as TACs.", "authors": [ "Baldacci, Filippo", "Nuti, Angelo", "Lucetti, Claudio", "Cafforio, Gianfranco", "Morelli, Nicola", "Orlandi, Giovanni", "Bonuccelli, Ubaldo" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1111/j.1526-4610.2009.01401.x", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 909, "pages": "912-4", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 8.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1526-4610", "publisher": "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd", "sjr": 1.283, "snip": 1.337, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Headache" }, "publication_date": "2009-06-01", "selected": false, "title": "SUNA syndrome with seasonal pattern.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The frequency tuning of a system can be directly determined by perturbing it and by observing the rate of the ensuing oscillations, the so called natural frequency. This approach is used, for example, in physics, in geology, and also when one tunes a musical instrument. In the present study, we employ transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to directly perturb a set of selected corticothalamic modules (Brodmann areas 19, 7, and 6) and high-density electroencephalogram to measure their natural frequency. TMS consistently evoked dominant alpha-band oscillations (8-12 Hz) in the occipital cortex, beta-band oscillations (13-20 Hz) in the parietal cortex, and fast beta/gamma-band oscillations (21-50 Hz) in the frontal cortex. Each cortical area tended to preserve its own natural frequency also when indirectly engaged by TMS through brain connections and when stimulated at different intensities, indicating that the observed oscillations reflect local physiological mechanisms. These findings were reproducible across individuals and represent the first direct characterization of the coarse electrophysiological properties of three associative areas of the human cerebral cortex. Most importantly, they indicate that, in healthy subjects, each corticothalamic module is normally tuned to oscillate at a characteristic rate. The natural frequency can be directly measured in virtually any area of the cerebral cortex and may represent a straightforward and flexible way to probe the state of human thalamocortical circuits at the patient's bedside.", "authors": [ "Rosanova, Mario", "Casali, Adenauer", "Bellina, Valentina", "Resta, Federico", "Mariotti, Maurizio", "Massimini, Marcello" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0445-09.2009", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 7595, "pages": "7679-85", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 9.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1529-2401", "publisher": "Society for Neuroscience", "sjr": 2.35, "snip": 1.471, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2009-06-01", "selected": false, "title": "Natural frequencies of human corticothalamic circuits.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Neurostimulation represents an interesting alternative therapy for patients resistant to drug treatment or who cannot benefit from resective surgery. Theoretically, neurostimulation allows the control of seizures to be tailored to the individual patient and specific form of epilepsy. Here, we review both experimental and clinical studies that have reported the possible control of epileptic seizures by means of different approaches using electrical stimulation (vagus nerve stimulation, deep brain stimulation and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation). The rationale for targeting specific areas that have thus far been considered (i.e., vagus nerve, cerebellum, anterior or centromedial thalamus, basal ganglia, cortex and temporal lobe) is addressed in the light of experimental data and clinical effectiveness in different models and forms of epilepsy. The type of seizures that can be considered for neurostimulation, as well as the optimal parameters such as stimulation frequency and modes of stimulation (chronic, continuous or adaptative), are discussed to determine the best candidates for such a therapeutic strategy. This review points out the need for improved knowledge of neural circuits that generate seizures and/or allow their propagation, as well as a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of neurostimulation.", "authors": [ "Saillet, Sandrine", "Langlois, M\u00e9lanie", "Feddersen, Berend", "Minotti, Lorella", "Vercueil, Laurent", "Chabard\u00e8s, Stephan", "David, Olivier", "Depaulis, Antoine", "Deransart, Colin", "Kahane, Philippe" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1684/epd.2009.0255", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 89, "pages": "100-12", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1294-9361", "publisher": "John Wiley & Sons Inc.", "sjr": 0.779, "snip": 0.816, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape" }, "publication_date": "2009-05-27", "selected": false, "title": "Manipulating the epileptic brain using stimulation: a review of experimental and clinical studies.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Sleep slow waves are the main phenomenon underlying NREM sleep. They are homeostatically regulated, they are thought to be linked to learning and plasticity processes and, at the same time, they are associated with marked changes in cortical information processing. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and high-density (hd) EEG we can measure slow waves, induce and measure plastic changes in the cerebral cortex and directly assess corticocortical information transmission. In this manuscript we review the results of recent experiments in which TMS with hd-EEG is used to demonstrate (i) a causal link between cortical plastic changes and sleep slow waves and (ii) a causal link between slow waves and the decreased ability of thalamocortical circuits to integrate information and to generate conscious experience during NREM sleep. The data presented here suggest a unifying mechanism linking slow waves, plasticity and cortical information integration; moreover, they suggest that TMS can be used as a nonpharmacological means to controllably induce slow waves in the human cerebral cortex.", "authors": [ "Massimini, M", "Tononi, G", "Huber, R" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06720.x", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 1692, "pages": "1761-70", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.3, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1460-9568", "publisher": "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd", "sjr": 1.044, "snip": 0.891, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "The European journal of neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2009-04-27", "selected": false, "title": "Slow waves, synaptic plasticity and information processing: insights from transcranial magnetic stimulation and high-density EEG experiments.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a widely used and highly effective treatment for patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). Repetitive TMS (rTMS) applied to motor cortical areas has also been shown to improve symptoms in PD and modulate motor cortical excitability. Here, we compared clinical and neurophysiological effects of STN stimulation with those of 1 Hz rTMS given to the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) and those following intake of levodopa in a group of PD patients with advanced disease. Ten PD patients were studied on 2 consecutive days before and after surgery. Clinical effects were determined using the UPDRS motor score. Motor thresholds, motor-evoked potential (MEP) amplitudes during slight voluntary contraction, and the cortical silent periods (SP) were measured using TMS. Before surgery effects of levodopa and 1 Hz PMd rTMS and after surgery those of STN stimulation with or without additional levodopa were determined. Levodopa significantly improved clinical symptoms and increased the SP duration. STN stimulation improved clinical symptoms without changing the SP duration. In contrast, 1 Hz PMd rTMS was not effective clinically but normalized the SP duration. Whereas levodopa had widespread effects at different levels of an abnormally active motor network in PD, STN stimulation and PMd rTMS led to either clinical improvement or SP normalization, i.e., only partially reversed abnormal motor network activity.", "authors": [ "B\u00e4umer, Tobias", "Hidding, Ute", "Hamel, Wolfgang", "Buhmann, Carsten", "Moll, Christian K E", "Gerloff, Christian", "Orth, Michael", "Siebner, Hartwig Roman", "M\u00fcnchau, Alexander" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1002/mds.22417", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 667, "pages": "672-6", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 13.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1531-8257", "publisher": "John Wiley & Sons Inc.", "sjr": 2.602, "snip": 1.981, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society" }, "publication_date": "2009-04-01", "selected": false, "title": "Effects of DBS, premotor rTMS, and levodopa on motor function and silent period in advanced Parkinson's disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Microelectrode recordings are a useful adjunctive method for subthalamic nucleus localization during deep brain stimulation surgery for Parkinson's disease. Attempts to quantitate and standardize this process, using single computational measures of neural activity, have been limited by variability in patient neurophysiology and recording conditions. Investigators have suggested that a multi-feature approach may be necessary for automated approaches to perform within acceptable clinical standards. We present a novel data visualization algorithm and several unique features that address these shortcomings. The algorithm extracts multiple computational features from the microelectrode neurophysiology and integrates them with tools from unsupervised machine learning. The resulting colour-coded map of neural activity reveals activity transitions that correspond to the anatomic boundaries of subcortical structures. Using these maps, a non-neurophysiologist is able to achieve sensitivities of 90% and 95% for STN entry and exit, respectively, to within 0.5 mm accuracy of the current gold standard. The accuracy of this technique is attributed to the multi-feature approach. This activity map can simplify and standardize the process of localizing the subthalamic nucleus (STN) for neurostimulation. Because this method does not require a stationary electrode for careful recording of unit activity for spike sorting, the length of the operation may be shortened.", "authors": [ "Wong, S", "Baltuch, G H", "Jaggi, J L", "Danish, S F" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1088/1741-2560/6/2/026006", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "026006", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": null, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1741-2552", "publisher": null, "sjr": null, "snip": null, "subject_areas": [], "title": "Journal of neural engineering" }, "publication_date": "2009-03-13", "selected": false, "title": "Functional localization and visualization of the subthalamic nucleus from microelectrode recordings acquired during DBS surgery with unsupervised machine learning.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Cluster headache is a primary headache syndrome that is characterized by excruciatingly severe, strictly unilateral attacks of orbital, supraorbital or temporal pain, which last 15-180 min and are accompanied by ipsilateral autonomic manifestations (e.g. lacrimation and rhinorrhea). The attacks typically occur with circadian rhythmicity, being experienced at fixed hours of the day or night. In episodic cluster headache, attacks usually occur daily in 6-12-week bouts (cluster periods) followed by remission periods. In chronic cluster headache there is no notable remission. Cluster headache attacks reach full intensity very quickly and abortive agents need to be administered without delay. The pathophysiology of cluster headache is imperfectly understood and treatment has so far been mainly empirical. However, neuroimaging studies have prompted the successful use of hypothalamic stimulation to treat the condition. More recently, the less invasive technique of occipital nerve stimulation has shown promise in drug-refractory chronic cluster headache. This Review discusses both acute and preventive treatments for cluster headache and includes suggestions of how to use the available medications. The rationale, study results and selection criteria for neurostimulation procedures are also summarized, as are the disadvantages of these procedures.", "authors": [ "Leone, Massimo", "Franzini, Angelo", "Cecchini, Alberto Proietti", "Mea, Eliana", "Broggi, Giovanni", "Bussone, Gennaro" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1038/ncpneuro1050", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 92, "pages": "153-62", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": null, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1745-8358", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "sjr": 7.8, "snip": 6.144, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience" ], "title": "Nature clinical practice. Neurology" }, "publication_date": "2009-03-01", "selected": false, "title": "Cluster headache: pharmacological treatment and neurostimulation.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND BACKGROUND Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is the first clinical heart failure treatment that improves chamber systolic function in both the short-term and long-term yet also reduces mortality. The mechanical impact of CRT is immediate and well documented, yet its long-term influences on myocyte function and adrenergic modulation that may contribute to its sustained benefits are largely unknown.\nMETHODS AND RESULTS RESULTS We used a canine model of dyssynchronous heart failure (DHF; left bundle ablation, atrial tachypacing for 6 weeks) and CRT (DHF for 3 weeks, biventricular tachypacing for subsequent 3 weeks), contrasting both to nonfailing controls. CRT restored contractile synchrony and improved systolic function compared with DHF. Myocyte sarcomere shortening and calcium transients were markedly depressed at rest and after isoproterenol stimulation in DHF (both anterior and lateral walls), and CRT substantially improved both. In addition, beta(1) and beta(2) stimulation was enhanced, coupled to increased beta(1) receptor abundance but no change in binding affinity. CRT also augmented adenylate cyclase activity over DHF. Inhibitory G-protein (Galpha(i)) suppression of beta-adrenergic stimulation was greater in DHF and reversed by CRT. Galpha(i) expression itself was unaltered; however, expression of negative regulators of Galpha(i) signaling (particularly RGS3) rose uniquely with CRT over DHF and controls. CRT blunted elevated myocardial catecholamines in DHF, restoring levels toward control.\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS CRT improves rest and beta-adrenergic-stimulated myocyte function and calcium handling, upregulating beta(1) receptors and adenylate cyclase activity and suppressing G(i)-coupled signaling associated with novel RGS upregulation. The result is greater rest and sympathetic reserve despite reduced myocardial neurostimulation as components underlying its net benefit.", "authors": [ "Chakir, Khalid", "Daya, Samantapudi K", "Aiba, Takeshi", "Tunin, Richard S", "Dimaano, Veronica L", "Abraham, Theodore P", "Jaques-Robinson, Kathryn M", "Lai, Edwin W", "Pacak, Karel", "Zhu, Wei-Zhong", "Xiao, Rui-ping", "Tomaselli, Gordon F", "Kass, David A" ], "categories": null, "citations": 97, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.774752", "keywords": [ "Rgs proteins", "Heart failure", "Receptors", "Adenylate cyclase", "Myocytes", "Pacing", "Adrenergic", "Beta" ], "number_of_pages": 1192, "pages": "1231-1240", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 42.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1524-4539", "publisher": "Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Ltd.", "sjr": 7.8, "snip": 6.144, "subject_areas": [ "Physiology (medical)", "Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine" ], "title": "Circulation" }, "publication_date": "2009-02-23", "selected": false, "title": "Mechanisms of enhanced beta-adrenergic reserve from cardiac resynchronization therapy.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=63649126968&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE To examine the distribution and inter-limb interaction of short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI) in the arm and leg.\nMETHODS METHODS Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in distal and proximal arm, shoulder and leg muscles induced with ranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) were conditioned by painless electrical stimuli applied to the index finger (D2) and great toe (T1) at interstimulus intervals (ISIs) of 15, 25-35, 80 ms (D2) and 35, 45, 55, 65 and 100 ms (T1) in 27 healthy human subjects. TMS was delivered over primary motor cortex (M1) arm and leg areas. Electrical stimulus intensities were varied between 1 and 3 times the sensory perception thresholds. We also tested effects of posterior cutaneous brachial nerve (PCBN) stimulation on MEPs in arm muscles at ISIs of 18 and 28 ms.\nRESULTS RESULTS D2 but not PCBN electrical conditioning reduced MEP amplitudes in upper limb muscles at ISIs of 25 and 35 ms. SAI was more pronounced in distal as compared to proximal arm muscles. Also, SAI following D2 stimulation increased with higher conditioning intensities. D2 stimulation did not change lower limb muscles MEPs. In contrast, T1 stimulation did not induce SAI in any muscles but caused MEP facilitation in a foot muscle at an ISI of 55 ms and in upper limb muscles at ISIs of 35 and 55 ms. Short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF) were not affected by electrical T1 conditioning.\nCONCLUSION CONCLUSIONS D2 stimulation causes segmental SAI in upper limb muscles with a distal to proximal attenuation without affecting leg muscles. In contrast, toe stimulation facilitates motor output both in foot and upper arm muscles.\nSIGNIFICANCE CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that cutaneo-motor pathways in arms and legs are functionally organized in a different way with cutaneo-motor interactions induced by toe stimulation probably relayed at a thalamic level. Abnormal cutaneo-motor interactions following electrical toe stimulation may serve as an electrophysiological marker of thalamic dysfunction, e.g. in neurodegenerative diseases.", "authors": [ "Bikmullina, R", "B\u00e4umer, T", "Zittel, S", "M\u00fcnchau, A" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.clinph.2008.12.003", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 603, "pages": "610-8", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1872-8952", "publisher": "Elsevier Ireland Ltd", "sjr": 1.212, "snip": 1.482, "subject_areas": [ "Physiology (medical)", "Neurology (clinical)", "Sensory Systems", "Neurology" ], "title": "Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology" }, "publication_date": "2009-01-10", "selected": false, "title": "Sensory afferent inhibition within and between limbs in humans.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The biotransformation of compounds containing silicon has recently been a subject of much interest. In this study, a variety of commercially available serine hydrolases were tested for their ability to catalyse the hydrolysis of the silicon-ether bond in a variety of silyl ethers. The hydrolysis of trimethylethoxysilane in buffer was not found to be accelerated by the presence of trypsin, chymotrypsin, or a variety of other lipase and protease enzymes. Cleavage of a range of alternative silyl ether substrates, including a trimethylsilyl (TMS) ether, by these hydrolases was also not observed, but, interestingly, only two of the enzymes tested were able to cleave a t-butyl \u00ce\u00b1,\u00ce\u00b1,\u00ce\u00b1-carboxylate that was approximately isosteric with the TMS-protected substrate. This suggests that the cleavage of Si-O bonds by serine hydrolases, such as the cathepsin homolog silicatein-\u00ce\u00b1, may be in part limited by steric effects, as the reactive centre in the substrate is always, by analogy to C-centred substrates, tertiary, and thus inherently sterically demanding regardless of the putative catalytic competence of the enzymes. \u00c2\u00a9 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "authors": [ "Maraite, A.", "Ansorge-Schumacher, M.B.", "Ganchegui, B.", "Leitner, W.", "Grogan, G." ], "categories": null, "citations": 17, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.molcatb.2008.04.006", "keywords": [ "Serine hydrolases", "Tertiary acids", "Protecting groups", "Enzymes", "Silylethers" ], "number_of_pages": 5, "pages": "24-28", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.8, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "13811177", "publisher": "Elsevier", "sjr": 0.324, "snip": 0.957, "subject_areas": [ "Catalysis", "Bioengineering", "Biochemistry", "Process Chemistry and Technology" ], "title": "Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic" }, "publication_date": "2009-01-01", "selected": false, "title": "On the biocatalytic cleavage of silicon-oxygen bonds: A substrate structural approach to investigating the cleavage of protecting group silyl ethers by serine-triad hydrolases", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=56049114233&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been used to document some apparent interhemispheric influences behaviorally, with TMS over the right parietal cortex reported to enhance processing of touch for the ipsilateral right hand (Seyal et al., 1995). However, the neural bases of such apparent interhemispheric influences from TMS remain unknown. Here, we studied this directly by combining TMS with concurrent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We applied bursts of 10 Hz TMS over right parietal cortex, at a high or low intensity, during two sensory contexts: either without any other stimulation, or while participants received median nerve stimulation to the right wrist, which projects to left primary somatosensory cortex (SI). TMS to right parietal cortex affected the blood oxygenation level-dependent signal in left SI, with high- versus low-intensity TMS increasing the left SI signal during right-wrist somatosensory input, but decreasing this in the absence of somatosensory input. This state-dependent modulation of SI by parietal TMS over the other hemisphere was accompanied by a related pattern of TMS-induced influences in the thalamus, as revealed by region-of-interest analyses. A behavioral experiment confirmed that the same right parietal TMS protocol of 10 Hz bursts led to enhanced detection of perithreshold electrical stimulation of the right median nerve, which is initially processed in left SI. Our results confirm directly that TMS over right parietal cortex can affect processing in left SI of the other hemisphere, with rivalrous effects (possibly transcallosal) arising in the absence of somatosensory input, but facilitatory effects (possibly involving thalamic circuitry) in the presence of driving somatosensory input.", "authors": [ "Blankenburg, Felix", "Ruff, Christian C", "Bestmann, Sven", "Bjoertomt, Otto", "Eshel, Neir", "Josephs, Oliver", "Weiskopf, Nikolaus", "Driver, Jon" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3043-08.2008", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 13195, "pages": "13202-8", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 9.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1529-2401", "publisher": "Society for Neuroscience", "sjr": 2.35, "snip": 1.471, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2008-12-01", "selected": false, "title": "Interhemispheric effect of parietal TMS on somatosensory response confirmed directly with concurrent TMS-fMRI.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The main research areas of the Social and Health Psychology group at the Department of Psychology at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, are introduced. Exemplarily, three currently ongoing projects are described. The project \"Dyadic exchange processes in couples facing dementia\" examines social exchanges in couples with the husband suffering from dementia and is based on Equity Theory. This project applies a multi-method approach by combining self-report with observational data. The \"Swiss Tobacco Monitoring System\" (TMS) is a representative survey on smoking behaviour in Switzerland. Besides its survey character, the Swiss TMS also allows for testing psychological research questions on smoking with a representative sample. The project, \"Theory-based planning interventions for changing nutrition behaviour in overweight individuals\", elaborates on the concept of planning. More specifically, it is tested whether there is a critical amount of repetitions of a planning intervention (e. g., three or nine times) in order to ensure long-term effects. \u00c2\u00a9 Hogrefe Verlag G\u00c3\u00b6ttingen 2008.", "authors": [ "Scholz, U.", "Hornung, R." ], "categories": null, "citations": 2, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus" ], "doi": "10.1026/0943-8149.16.3.131", "keywords": [ "Social exchange", "Health behaviour", "Smoking", "Nutrition", "Dyad" ], "number_of_pages": 4, "pages": "131-134", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 1.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "09438149", "publisher": "Hogrefe Publishing", "sjr": 0.461, "snip": 0.957, "subject_areas": [ "Applied Psychology", "Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health", "Social Psychology", "Health (social science)" ], "title": "Zeitschrift fur Gesundheitspsychologie" }, "publication_date": "2008-12-01", "selected": false, "title": "Social exchange processes, health behaviour, and health behaviour change", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=66749095242&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "PURPOSE OBJECTIVE To explore the use of noninvasive functional imaging and \"virtual\" lesion techniques to study the neural mechanisms underlying motor speech disorders in Parkinson's disease. Here, we report the use of positron emission tomography (PET) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to explain exacerbated speech impairment following subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) in a patient with Parkinson's disease.\nMETHOD METHODS Perceptual and acoustic speech measures, as well as cerebral blood flow during speech as measured by PET, were obtained with STN-DBS on and off. TMS was applied to a region in the speech motor network found to be abnormally active during DBS. Speech disruption by TMS was compared both perceptually and acoustically with speech produced with DBS on.\nRESULTS RESULTS Speech production was perceptually inferior and acoustically less contrastive during left STN stimulation compared to no stimulation. Increased neural activity in left dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) was observed during DBS on. \"Virtual\" lesioning of this region resulted in speech characterized by decreased speech segment duration, increased pause duration, and decreased intelligibility.\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS This case report provides evidence that impaired speech production accompanying STN-DBS may result from unintended activation of PMd. Clinical application of functional imaging and TMS may lead to optimizing the delivery of STN-DBS to improve outcomes for speech production as well as general motor abilities.", "authors": [ "Narayana, Shalini", "Jacks, Adam", "Robin, Donald A", "Poizner, Howard", "Zhang, Wei", "Franklin, Crystal", "Liotti, Mario", "Vogel, Deanie", "Fox, Peter T" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1044/1058-0360(2008/08-0004)", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 86, "pages": "146-61", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 4.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1058-0360", "publisher": "American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)", "sjr": 0.897, "snip": 1.457, "subject_areas": [ "Developmental and Educational Psychology", "Speech and Hearing", "Linguistics and Language", "Otorhinolaryngology" ], "title": "American journal of speech-language pathology" }, "publication_date": "2008-11-24", "selected": false, "title": "A noninvasive imaging approach to understanding speech changes following deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "We have previously shown that in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) modifies spinal excitability via subcortical reticulospinal routes. To investigate whether STN-HFS also modifies spinal excitability via transcortical routes in PD, 10 patients with PD (9 men, 1 woman; 58.3 +/- 8.3 years) were investigated in the medical OFF-state with or without STN-HFS. The H-reflex of the right soleus muscle was recorded during slight plantar flexion at 20% of maximum force. A conditioning transcranial stimulus was applied at 95% of active motor threshold to the contralateral primary motor leg area (M1) 0-5 ms after eliciting the H-reflex. The same paradigm was applied to 8 healthy individuals (5 men, 3 women; 50.8 +/- 3.0 years). Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) facilitated the H-reflex amplitude in healthy controls. A facilitatory effect of the corticospinal input on the H-reflex was also found in patients with PD, but only with STN-HFS switched on. When STN-HFS was discontinued, the H-reflex was no longer facilitated by the TMS pulse. Accordingly, analysis of variance showed a main effect of stimulation (F = 11.15; P = 0.005), ISI (F = 6.1; P = 0.003), and an interaction between stimulation and group (PD vs. control) (F = 8.9; P = 0.01). STN-HFS restores the normal facilitatory drive of a transcranially evoked motor cortical response to the spinal motoneuron pool. In addition to subcortical routes, STN-DBS also alters spinal excitability via transcortical pathways.", "authors": [ "P\u00f6tter-Nerger, Monika", "Ilic, Tihomir V", "Siebner, Hartwiq R", "Deuschl, G\u00fcnther", "Volkmann, Jens" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1002/mds.22284", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 2206, "pages": "2210-5", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 13.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1531-8257", "publisher": "John Wiley & Sons Inc.", "sjr": 2.602, "snip": 1.981, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society" }, "publication_date": "2008-11-01", "selected": false, "title": "Subthalamic nucleus stimulation restores corticospinal facilitation in Parkinson's disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "It is unclear how subthalamic nucleus activity is modulated by the cerebral cortex. Here we investigate the effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the cortex on oscillatory subthalamic local field potential activity in the 8-35 Hz (alpha/beta) band, as exaggerated synchronization in this band is implicated in the pathophysiology of parkinsonism. We studied nine patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) to test whether cortical stimulation can modulate synchronized oscillations in the human subthalamic nucleus. With patients at rest, single-pulse TMS was delivered every 5 s over each primary motor area and supplementary motor area at intensities of 85-115% resting motor threshold. Subthalamic local field potentials were recorded from deep brain stimulation electrodes implanted into this nucleus for the treatment of PD. Motor cortical stimulation suppressed beta activity in the subthalamic nucleus from approximately 0.2 to 0.6 s after TMS (repeated measures anova; main effect of time, P < 0.01; main effect of side, P = 0.03), regardless of intensity. TMS over the supplementary motor area also reduced subthalamic beta activity at 95% (P = 0.05) and 115% resting motor threshold (P = 0.01). The oscillatory activity decreased to 80 +/- 26% of baseline (averaged across sites and stimulation intensities). Suppression with subthreshold stimuli confirmed that these changes were centrally driven and not due to peripheral afference. The results may have implications for mechanisms underlying the reported therapeutic benefits of cortical stimulation.", "authors": [ "Gaynor, L M F Doyle", "K\u00fchn, A A", "Dileone, M", "Litvak, V", "Eusebio, A", "Pogosyan, A", "Androulidakis, A G", "Tisch, S", "Limousin, P", "Insola, A", "Mazzone, P", "Di Lazzaro, V", "Brown, P" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06363.x", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 1592, "pages": "1686-95", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.3, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1460-9568", "publisher": "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd", "sjr": 1.044, "snip": 0.891, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "The European journal of neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2008-07-24", "selected": false, "title": "Suppression of beta oscillations in the subthalamic nucleus following cortical stimulation in humans.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "PURPOSE OBJECTIVE To unravel the mechanism of action of neurostimulation as a treatment for seizures, functional neuroimaging tools allow minimally invasive research in humans. We performed single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in patients with epilepsy, treated with vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). Changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) at the time of initial stimulation as well as after chronic treatment were correlated with long-term clinical efficacy.\nMETHODS METHODS In this pilot study, 27 patients (14 female and 13 male) who were treated with VNS at Ghent University Hospital for refractory epilepsy underwent a (99m)Tc-ECD (ethyl cystein dimer) SPECT activation study at the time the first stimulation train was administered. 12 patients underwent an additional (99m)Tc-ECD SPECT activation study 6 months later. Image acquisition was performed on a high-resolution triple-headed gamma camera. Significant rCBF changes were correlated with prospectively assessed clinical efficacy data.\nRESULTS RESULTS Significant rCBF changes were found in the thalamus, the hippocampus and the parahippocampal gyrus. Acute limbic hyper-perfusion and chronic thalamic hypo-perfusion correlate with positive clinical efficacy.\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS Acute and chronic electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve induces rCBF changes that can be measured by SPECT on a group-basis. The thalamus and the limbic system are thought to play a key role in the mechanism of action of VNS.", "authors": [ "Vonck, Kristl", "De Herdt, Veerle", "Bosman, Tommy", "Dedeurwaerdere, Stefanie", "Van Laere, Koen", "Boon, Paul" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.seizure.2008.05.001", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 8, "pages": "699-706", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.3, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1059-1311", "publisher": "W.B. Saunders Ltd", "sjr": 0.868, "snip": 1.126, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Seizure" }, "publication_date": "2008-06-16", "selected": false, "title": "Thalamic and limbic involvement in the mechanism of action of vagus nerve stimulation, a SPECT study.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Neurostimulation of neuropathic pain is based on surgical implantation of devices for several types of neuromodulatory treatment (stimulation of the spinal cord, cortex, deep brain or thalamus, or occiput). Spinal cord stimulation is a recognized treatment, with a high level of proof. It is effective in 70 or 80% of appropriately selected cases. Cortical stimulation is effective in 50 to 70% of cases but should be performed only in several specialized centers. Thalamic stimulation, with its efficacy rate of only 30 to 50%, should be reserved for patients for whom the preceding techniques have failed.", "authors": [ "Nguyen, Jean-Paul", "Meas, Yunsan", "Kuhn, Emmanuelle", "Desal, Hubert", "Hamel, Olivier", "Raoul, Sylvie" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.lpm.2007.07.042", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 1418, "pages": "1423-6", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 1.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "2213-0276", "publisher": "Elsevier Masson s.r.l.", "sjr": 0.382, "snip": 0.434, "subject_areas": [ "Medicine (all)" ], "title": "Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983)" }, "publication_date": "2008-05-15", "selected": false, "title": "[Neurostimulatory treatment of neuropathic pain].", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "We present here a review of the work on neuromodulation - defined as application of an inhibitory or excitatory current - on intracranial structures for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy. Near 250 patients were treated using a neuromodulation technique of the cerebellum (paravermian cortex), the CM-pf nucleus of the thalamus, the hippocampus, epileptogenic foci, and anterior ventral nucleus of the thalamus, with a one- to 15-year follow-up. Four contact strips were used for cerebellar and functional region neuromodulation, and DBS-type depth electrodes were stereotactically implanted for CM-pf and anterior nuclei of the thalamus and hippocampal neuromodulation. Electric stimulation was cyclic in almost all trials, using low frequency (10-40 Hz) for excitation and high frequency (60-185 Hz) for inhibition. Seizure frequency reduction was variable, depending on the neuromodulation site and patient selection, although seizure duration decreased in most patients. Cerebellar neuromodulation was followed by a 78% reduction in tonic and tonic-clonic seizures, CM-pf neuromodulation by an 83% reduction in tonic-clonic seizures and atypical absence of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, with a 17.2% seizure-free and drug-free patient rate. Hippocampal neuromodulation was followed by a 73% reduction in partial complex seizures, with a 33% seizure-free patient rate. Anterior ventral nucleus of the thalamus was followed by a 63% reduction in tonic-clonic, tonic and atonic seizures. Several prognostic factors were identified in order to improve future results. There was no mortality and morbidity was limited to skin erosion at the neurostimulator site. Seizure reduction was associated with improved neuropsychological performance and better quality of life. Neuromodulation is safe and effective for the treatment of epileptic seizures of various origins. Several targets may be associated in a single patient, especially when bilateral hippocampal seizure foci are present.", "authors": [ "Velasco, F", "Velasco, A L", "Velasco, M", "Carrillo-Ruiz, J D", "Castro, G", "Trejo, D", "N\u00fa\u00f1ez, J M" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.neuchi.2008.02.034", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 392, "pages": "418-27", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 2.2, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "0028-3770", "publisher": "Elsevier Masson s.r.l.", "sjr": 0.464, "snip": 0.969, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "Neuro-Chirurgie" }, "publication_date": "2008-05-02", "selected": false, "title": "[Central nervous system neuromodulation for the treatment of epilepsy].", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Improvement in the biomedical and biotechnological research fields have allowed refinement of the neuromodulation approach in the treatment of a subgroup of medical disorders otherwise refractory to pharmacological treatment, such as chronic primary headaches. Chronic pain conditions imply central sensitisations and functional reorganisation that cannot be quickly or easily reversed. It appears evident that conventional treatment can sometimes be unsuccessful or only partially successful, and that relapse is common. Cluster headache (CH) is the most frequent trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia (TAC) and the most representative of this spectrum of disorders characterised by the association of headache and loco-regional signs and symptoms of facial parasympathetic activation. The striking features of circadian rhythmicity of attacks and circannual periodicity of cluster period, together with the neuroendocrine abnormalities, are suggestive of a neurochronobiological disorder with a central-diencephalic pathogenetic involvement, confirmed by direct evidence in functional neuroimaging studies of ipsilateral posterior hypothalamic activation during cluster attack. In 2000 these findings prompted a functional neurosurgery approach, with the first case of deep brain hypothalamic stimulation (DBS) in a severely disabled chronic CH patient. Since then, 18 implants in our centre and many others in different countries have been performed. Although the outcomes are encouraging, the invasive nature of the technique and the occurrence of rare but major adverse events have suggested a safer peripheral approach with occipital nerve stimulation (ONS).", "authors": [ "Proietti Cecchini, Alberto", "Mea, Eliana", "Tullo, Vincenzo", "Peccarisi, Cesare", "Bussone, Gennaro", "Leone, Massimo" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1007/s10072-008-0890-9", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "S62-4", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1590-1874", "publisher": "Springer-Verlag Italia Srl", "sjr": 0.765, "snip": 1.075, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Dermatology" ], "title": "Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology" }, "publication_date": "2008-05-01", "selected": false, "title": "Long-term experience of neuromodulation in TACs.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "This key note lecture illustrates the role of clinical developments in stimulating research and discovery in the area of the pathophysiology of cluster headache (CH) and other trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs), reviewing the physiological, biochemical and neuroimaging data that have suggested involvement of the hypothalamus in CH pathogenesis. These findings suggested the use of deep brain stimulation as a treatment for chronic drug-resistant CH. The typical circadian and circannual periodicity of CH attacks were the fundamental clinical characteristics that shifted focus from peripheral hypotheses to the idea of central origin for this headache form. Functional neuroimaging demonstrated that TACs are associated with activation of the posterior hypothalamus and there is clinical evidence that patients who suffer from CH have altered biological rhythms. Furthermore, the principal seat of biorhythm regulation - the hypothalamus - is known to have a modulatory role on nociceptive and autonomic pathways, specifically trigemino-vascular nociceptive pathways. Future research will elucidate why neuromodulatory approaches are effective in CH and other TACs, determine whether the hypothalamus is itself the generator of CH attacks, or whether it is activated in response to a generator situated elsewhere, and identify pharmacological treatments that directly target the hypothalamus.", "authors": [ "Bussone, Gennaro" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1007/s10072-008-0875-8", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "S1-6", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1590-1874", "publisher": "Springer-Verlag Italia Srl", "sjr": 0.765, "snip": 1.075, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Dermatology" ], "title": "Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology" }, "publication_date": "2008-05-01", "selected": false, "title": "Cluster headache: from treatment to pathophysiology.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE Despite the clinical success of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), little is known about the electrical spread of the stimulation. The primary goal of this study was to integrate neuroimaging, neurophysiology and neurostimulation data sets from 10 patients with PD, unilaterally implanted with subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS electrodes, to identify the theoretical volume of tissue activated (VTA) by clinically defined therapeutic stimulation parameters.\nMETHODS METHODS Each patient specific model was created with a series of five steps: (1) definition of the neurosurgical stereotactic coordinate system within the context of preoperative imaging data; (2) entry of intraoperative microelectrode recording locations from neurophysiologically defined thalamic, subthalamic and substantia nigra neurons into the context of the imaging data; (3) fitting a three dimensional brain atlas to the neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of the patient; (4) positioning the DBS electrode in the documented stereotactic location, verified by postoperative imaging data; and (5) calculation of the VTA using a diffusion tensor based finite element neurostimulation model.\nRESULTS RESULTS The patient specific models show that therapeutic benefit was achieved with direct stimulation of a wide range of anatomical structures in the subthalamic region. Interestingly, of the five patients exhibiting a greater than 40% improvement in their Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS), all but one had the majority of their VTA outside the atlas defined borders of the STN. Furthermore, of the five patients with less than 40% UPDRS improvement, all but one had the majority of their VTA inside the STN.\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS Our results are consistent with previous studies suggesting that therapeutic benefit is associated with electrode contacts near the dorsal border of the STN, and provide quantitative estimates of the electrical spread of the stimulation in a clinically relevant context.", "authors": [ "Maks, C B", "Butson, C R", "Walter, B L", "Vitek, J L", "McIntyre, C C" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1136/jnnp.2007.126219", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 594, "pages": "659-66", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 15.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1468-330X", "publisher": "BMJ Publishing Group", "sjr": 3.178, "snip": 2.878, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Surgery" ], "title": "Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry" }, "publication_date": "2008-04-10", "selected": false, "title": "Deep brain stimulation activation volumes and their association with neurophysiological mapping and therapeutic outcomes.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "AIMS OBJECTIVE To study the validity of a co-registration method for postimplantation computed tomography (CT) images for localizing the location of an intracranial deep brain stimulator.\nMETHODS METHODS Three-dimensional reconstruction images of postimplantation CTs were co-registered with preoperative CTs by stereotactic planning software and used to localize 18 leads in the subthalamic nuclei of 10 patients with Parkinson's disease. Our conventional method using superimposition of sagittal postimplantation magnetic resonance (MR) images were employed as a comparison.\nRESULTS RESULTS The co-registered CT images separately visualized four individual contacts; on the other hand, the MR superimposition method demonstrated the leads as a group of no MR signal areas. Although laterality of the distal contact did not differ between two methods, the distal contact was located more anteriorly and inferiorly by the MR superimposition method than by the CT co-registration method.\nCONCLUSION CONCLUSIONS The CT co-registration method is superior to MR in visualizing deep brain stimulation contacts and resolves problems of MR safety in patients treated with a neurostimulator.", "authors": [ "Yoshida, Fumiaki", "Miyagi, Yasushi", "Morioka, Takato", "Hashiguchi, Kimiaki", "Murakami, Nobuya", "Matsumoto, Kenichi", "Nagata, Shinji", "Sasaki, Tomio" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1159/000120428", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 157, "pages": "162-6", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1423-0372", "publisher": "S. Karger AG", "sjr": 0.446, "snip": 0.767, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery" }, "publication_date": "2008-03-12", "selected": false, "title": "Assessment of contact location in subthalamic stimulation for Parkinson's disease by co-registration of computed tomography images.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the posterior hypothalamus was found to be effective in the treatment of drug-resistant chronic cluster headache. We report the results of a multicentre case series of six patients with chronic cluster headache in whom a DBS in the posterior hypothalamus was performed. Electrodes were implanted stereotactically in the ipsilateral posterior hypothalamus according to published coordinates 2 mm lateral, 3 mm posterior and 5 mm inferior referenced to the mid-AC-PC line. Microelectrode recordings at the target revealed single unit activity with a mean discharge rate of 17 Hz (range 13-35 Hz, n = 4). Out of six patients, four showed a profound decrease of their attack frequency and pain intensity on the visual analogue scale during the first 6 months. Of these, one patient was attack free for 6 months under neurostimulation before returning to the baseline which led to abortion of the DBS. Two patients had experienced only a marginal, non-significant decrease within the first weeks under neurostimulation before returning to their former attack frequency. After a mean follow-up of 17 months, three patients are almost completely attack free, whereas three patients can be considered as treatment failures. The stimulation was well tolerated and stimulation-related side-effects were not observed on long term. DBS of the posterior inferior hypothalamus is an effective therapeutic option in a subset of patients. Future controlled multicentre trials will need to confirm this open-label experience and should help to better define predictive factors for non-responders.", "authors": [ "Bartsch, T", "Pinsker, M O", "Rasche, D", "Kinfe, T", "Hertel, F", "Diener, H C", "Tronnier, V", "Mehdorn, H M", "Volkmann, J", "Deuschl, G", "Krauss, J K" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1111/j.1468-2982.2007.01531.x", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 191, "pages": "285-95", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 10.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1468-2982", "publisher": "SAGE Publications Ltd", "sjr": 1.561, "snip": 1.551, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)" ], "title": "Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache" }, "publication_date": "2008-03-01", "selected": false, "title": "Hypothalamic deep brain stimulation for cluster headache: experience from a new multicase series.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND BACKGROUND Over the last two decades, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has become a recognized and effective clinical therapy for numerous neurological conditions. Since its inception, clinical DBS technology has progressed at a relatively slow rate; however, advances in neural engineering research have the potential to improve DBS systems. One such advance is the concept of current steering, or the use of multiple stimulation sources to direct current flow through targeted regions of brain tissue. The goals of this study were to develop a theoretical understanding of the effects of current steering in the context of DBS, and use that information to evaluate the potential utility of current steering during stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus.\nMETHODS METHODS We used finite element electric field models, coupled to multi-compartment cable axon models, to predict the volume of tissue activated (VTA) by DBS as a function of the stimulation parameter settings.\nRESULTS RESULTS Balancing current flow through adjacent cathodes increased the VTA magnitude, relative to monopolar stimulation, and current steering enabled us to sculpt the shape of the VTA to fit a given anatomical target.\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS These results provide motivation for the integration of current steering technology into clinical DBS systems, thereby expanding opportunities to customize DBS to individual patients, and potentially enhancing therapeutic efficacy.", "authors": [ "Butson, Christopher R", "McIntyre, Cameron C" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.brs.2007.08.004", "keywords": [ "N subthalamic nucleus", "N electric field", "N model", "D016428 Journal Article", "N electrode", "N neurostimulation", "D052061 Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "D013485 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "N neuromodulation" ], "number_of_pages": 9, "pages": "7-15", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 12.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1876-4754", "publisher": "Elsevier Inc.", "sjr": 2.184, "snip": 1.816, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Biophysics", "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Brain stimulation" }, "publication_date": "2008-01-01", "selected": false, "title": "Current steering to control the volume of tissue activated during deep brain stimulation.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "A review of electrical stimulation in patients with refractory epilepsy, including animal and human data, shows that there is anatomic and physiologic evidence supporting the role of the thalamus in epilepsy. The most recent reports in patients with refractory epilepsy suggest that deep brain stimulation and cortical electrical stimulation of the anterior thalamic nucleus and hippocampus may reduce seizure frequency in patients with refractory partial and secondarily generalized seizures. This has led to a multicenter, prospective randomized trial called the Stimulation of the Anterior Nucleus of the Thalamus for Epilepsy (SANTE trial) that is currently being conducted at several centers in the United States. There is also a multicenter clinical trial for patients with refractory partial epilepsy treated with a cranially implanted responsive neurostimulator (RNS) system. Preliminary reports from the RNS system feasibility trial (the NeuroPace trial) suggest that electrographic seizures can be detected before they evolve into clinical seizures, and that electrical stimulation of the epileptogenic zone can then terminate the electrographic seizures. The preliminary data in patients using deep brain stimulation of the anterior thalamic nucleus and hippocampus, and cortical stimulation studies of the epileptogenic zone are promising and suggest a reduction in seizure frequency in some patients with refractory partial and secondarily generalized seizures. The exact mechanism of action and the best parameters used during electrical stimulation remain unknown and are the subject of ongoing research.", "authors": [ "Salanova, Vicenta", "Worth, Robert" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1007/s11910-007-0048-9", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 307, "pages": "315-9", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 9.8, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1528-4042", "publisher": "Current Medicine Group", "sjr": 1.506, "snip": 2.075, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Current neurology and neuroscience reports" }, "publication_date": "2007-07-01", "selected": false, "title": "Neurostimulators in epilepsy.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "SUNCT (Short-lasting Unilateral Neuralgiform headache attacks with Conjunctival injection and Tearing) and SUNA (Short-lasting Unilateral Neuralgiform headache attacks with cranial Autonomic symptoms) are rare primary headache syndromes, classified as Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias (TACs). Hypothalamic involvement in the TACs has been suggested by functional imaging data and clinically with deep brain stimulation. Fifty-two patients (43 SUNCT, 9 SUNA) were studied to determine the clinical phenotype of these conditions and response to medications. A functional imaging study explored activation of the posterior hypothalamus in attacks of SUNCT/SUNA. The clinical study characterised SUNCT and SUNA in terms of epidemiology, phenotype and clinical characteristics. Indomethacin is ineffective on single-blind testing. Intravenous lidocaine was effective in all cases. Open-label trails showed the effectiveness of lamotrigine, topiramate and gabapentin. On functional imaging there was hypothalamic activation bilaterally in 5/9 SUNCT patients, and contralaterally in two patients. Two SUNCT patients had ipsilateral negative activation. In SUNA the activation was bilaterally negative. There was no hypothalamic activation in a patient with SUNCT secondary to a brainstem lesion. The data suggests that there should be revised classification for SUNCT and SUNA, with an increased range of attack duration and frequency, cutaneous triggering of attacks, and a lack of refractory period. The concept of 'attack load' is introduced. The lack of response to indomethacin and the response to intravenous lidocaine, are useful in diagnostic and therapeutic terms, respectively. Preventive treatments include lamotrigine, gabapentin and topiramate. The role of hypothalamic involvement in SUNCT and SUNA as TACs is considered.", "authors": [ "Cohen, A S" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1111/j.1468-2982.2007.01352.x", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 793, "pages": "824-32", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 10.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "0333-1024", "publisher": "SAGE Publications Ltd", "sjr": 1.561, "snip": 1.551, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)" ], "title": "Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache" }, "publication_date": "2007-07-01", "selected": false, "title": "Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Chronic high-frequency deep brain stimulation (DBS) may also be effective in patients with refractory epilepsy. A possible benefit has been postulated because of the connections that exist between the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the superior colliculus. Individual case reports and pilot studies of successful DBS in different types of epilepsy have already been presented. Here, the case of a 39-year-old male with progressive myoclonic epilepsy is reported who remained severely impaired despite VNS and combined antiepileptic drug therapy. Bilateral DBS electrodes were implanted into the STN, followed by implantation of a neurostimulation system under general anesthesia. Adjustment and testing of the remaining contacts was done over several months postoperatively. Bilateral monopolar DBS reduced the intensity and frequency of seizures by 50%. The patient has so far been followed for 12 months. This is the first report of positive effects of DBS in progressive myoclonic epilepsy in an adult patient. A subsequent prospective study will have to investigate whether the STN or other target nuclei are most suitable for DBS in these types of epilepsy and which long-term results can be obtained.", "authors": [ "Vesper, Jan", "Steinhoff, Bernhard", "Rona, Sabine", "Wille, Christian", "Bilic, Sonja", "Nikkhah, Guido", "Ostertag, Christoph" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1111/j.1528-1167.2007.01166.x", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 1976, "pages": "1984-9", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 10.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "0013-9580", "publisher": "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd", "sjr": 1.966, "snip": 1.893, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Epilepsia" }, "publication_date": "2007-06-11", "selected": false, "title": "Chronic high-frequency deep brain stimulation of the STN/SNr for progressive myoclonic epilepsy.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The previous decade saw progress in our understanding of fundamental neural systems of the brain, particularly those sub-serving memory. For example, it is now recognized that individual power and peak frequency attributes of alpha band rhythms predict performance on a working memory task. Additionally, investigators using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), a safe and non-invasive means of stimulating the awake and alert human brain, have shown TMS can mimic long-term potentiation (LTP), widely considered the neurophysiologic substrate of memory. Based on this earlier work, we designed a combined TMS-EEG study of the effects of 10Hz rTMS on psychomotor processing speed, an index of neural efficiency, on a well validated short-term verbal recognition memory task, the Sternberg. We predicted first, that compared with sham 10Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) would significantly reduce psychomotor processing speed indexed as reaction time (RT). Second, we predicted that improvement in RT would be associated with a 10Hz rTMS induced increase in pre-task alpha power and pre-task alpha band phase synchrony. \u00c2\u00a9 2007 IEEE.", "authors": [ "Erik W. Anderson", "Gilbert A. Preston", "Claudio T. Silva" ], "categories": null, "citations": 10, "comments": null, "databases": [ "IEEE", "Scopus" ], "doi": "10.1109/CNE.2007.369671", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 4, "pages": "302-305", "publication": { "category": "Conference Proceedings", "cite_score": null, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": "1-4244-0792-3", "issn": "1948-3554", "publisher": "IEEE", "sjr": null, "snip": null, "subject_areas": [], "title": "Proceedings of the 3rd International IEEE EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering" }, "publication_date": "2007-05-02", "selected": false, "title": "Towards Development of a Circuit Based Treatment for Impaired Memory: A Multidisciplinary Approach", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=34548766533&origin=inward", "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4227276" ] }, { "abstract": "In the last ten years pathophysiology of primary headaches has received new insights from neuroimaging studies. Positron emission tomography (PET) showed activation of specific brain structures, brainstem in migraine and hypothalamic grey in trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias. This brain activation suggests it may intervene both in a permissive or triggering manner and as a response to pain driven by the first division of the trigeminal nerve. Voxel-based morphometry has suggested that there is a correlation between the brain area activated specifically in acute cluster headache - the posterior hypothalamic grey matter - and an increase in grey matter in the same region. New insights into mechanisms of head pain have emerged thanks to neuroimaging obtained in experimentally induced headaches, and during peripheral and central neurostimulation.", "authors": [ "Leone, M", "Proietti Cecchini, A", "Mea, E", "Curone, M", "Tullo, V", "Casucci, G", "Bonavita, V", "Bussone, G" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1007/s10072-007-0761-9", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "S108-13", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1590-1874", "publisher": "Springer-Verlag Italia Srl", "sjr": 0.765, "snip": 1.075, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Dermatology" ], "title": "Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology" }, "publication_date": "2007-05-01", "selected": false, "title": "Functional neuroimaging and headache pathophysiology: new findings and new prospects.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The hypothalamus forms part of the central autonomic network, regulating body homeostasis and controlling pain. To this effect, it is strongly wired to more rostral and caudal areas, in particular the brainstem periaqueductal grey, the locus coeruleus and the median raphe nuclei, all involved in autonomic and sleep mechanisms and also in the descending control of pain perception. The hypothalamus, especially its posterior regions, becomes activated during attacks of the trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs), while brainstem, especially dorsal pontine, activity shows up during migraine attacks. The hypothalamus and interconnected brainstem areas likely represent the neural sites responsible for the chronobiological features of some headaches, in particular the sleep-related attacks typical of the TACs, migraines and the hypnic headaches.", "authors": [ "Cortelli, P", "Pierangeli, G" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1007/s10072-007-0776-2", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "S198-202", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1590-1874", "publisher": "Springer-Verlag Italia Srl", "sjr": 0.765, "snip": 1.075, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Dermatology" ], "title": "Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology" }, "publication_date": "2007-05-01", "selected": false, "title": "Hypothalamus and headaches.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The objective of this study is to describe the therapeutic effect and the technical and surgical problems of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the posterior hypothalamus over seven years, for treatment of chronic trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias and atypical facial pain. We report a surgical series of 20 patients that underwent DBS of the posterior hypothalamus. This series includes 16 patients with chronic cluster headache (CH), one patient with short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT) and three patients with atypical facial pain. All patients of this series were resistant to any pharmacological and conservative treatment. The stimulated target was the same in the whole series even though stereotactic coordinates of the target referred to the midcommissural point differ slight in the Y anteroposterior value due to individual anatomical variability. The commissures based reference system was adapted to individual anatomical landmarks of the brainstem adding to the registration a third reference point below the commissural plane. The stimulation parameters of unipolar stimulation were similar in the whole series: 180 Hz, 60 mus, 1-3 V. In the CH series, at five years follow-up the percentage of total number of days free from pain attacks improved from 1%-2% to 71%. Ten patients of this series had a complete and persistent pain-free state at 18 months follow-up and the patient with SUNCT has complete pain relief. In the three patients with atypical facial pain, the neurostimulation procedure was absolutely unsuccessful. DBS of the posterior hypothalamus produced a significant and marked reduction of pain bouts in CH patients and in the SUNCT patient. The attempts to treat atypical facial pain in three patients failed.", "authors": [ "Broggi, G", "Franzini, A", "Leone, M", "Bussone, G" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1007/s10072-007-0767-3", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "S138-45", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1590-1874", "publisher": "Springer-Verlag Italia Srl", "sjr": 0.765, "snip": 1.075, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Dermatology" ], "title": "Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology" }, "publication_date": "2007-05-01", "selected": false, "title": "Update on neurosurgical treatment of chronic trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias and atypical facial pain with deep brain stimulation of posterior hypothalamus: results and comments.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Deep brain stimulation of the thalamus (thalamic DBS) is an established therapy for medically intractable essential tremor and tremor caused by multiple sclerosis. In both disorders, motor disability results from complex interaction between kinetic tremor and accompanying ataxia with voluntary movements. In clinical studies, the efficacy of thalamic DBS has been thoroughly assessed. However, the optimal anatomical target structure for neurostimulation is still debated and has never been analysed in conjunction with objective measurements of the different aspects of motor impairment. In 10 essential tremor and 11 multiple sclerosis patients, we analysed the effect of thalamic DBS through each contact of the quadripolar electrode on the contralateral tremor rating scale, accelerometry and kinematic measures of reach-to-grasp-movements. These measures were correlated with the anatomical position of the stimulating electrode in stereotactic space and in relation to nuclear boundaries derived from intraoperative microrecording. We found a significant impact of the stereotactic z-coordinate of stimulation contacts on the TRS, accelerometry total power and spatial deviation in the deceleration and target period of reach-to-grasp-movements. Most effective contacts clustered within the subthalamic area (STA) covering the posterior Zona incerta and prelemniscal radiation. Stimulation within this region led to a mean reduction of the lateralized tremor rating scale by 15.8 points which was significantly superior to stimulation within the thalamus (P < 0.05, student's t-test). STA stimulation resulted in reduction of the accelerometry total power by 99%, whereas stimulation at the ventral thalamic border (68%) or within the thalamus proper (2.5%) was significantly less effective (P < 0.01). Concomitantly, STA stimulation led to a significantly higher increase of tremor frequency and decrease in EMG synchronization compared to stimulation within the thalamus proper (P < 0.001). In reach-to-grasp movements, STA stimulation reduced the spatial variability of the movement path in the deceleration period by 28.9% and in the target period by 58.4%, whereas stimulation within the thalamus was again significantly less effective (P < 0.05), with a reduction in the deceleration period between 6.5 and 21.8% and in the target period between 1.2 and 11.3%. An analysis of the nuclear boundaries from intraoperative microrecording confirmed the anatomical impression that most effective electrodes were located within the STA. Our data demonstrate a profound effect of deep brain stimulation of the thalamic region on tremor and ataxia in essential tremor and tremor caused by multiple sclerosis. The better efficacy of stimulation within the STA compared to thalamus proper favours the concept of a modulation of cerebello-thalamic projections underlying the improvement of these symptoms.", "authors": [ "Herzog, Jan", "Hamel, Wolfgang", "Wenzelburger, Roland", "P\u00f6tter, Monika", "Pinsker, Marcus O", "Bartussek, Jan", "Morsnowski, Andre", "Steigerwald, Frank", "Deuschl, G\u00fcnther", "Volkmann, Jens" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1093/brain/awm077", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 1584, "pages": "1608-25", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 20.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1460-2156", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "sjr": 4.437, "snip": 3.147, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)" ], "title": "Brain : a journal of neurology" }, "publication_date": "2007-04-17", "selected": false, "title": "Kinematic analysis of thalamic versus subthalamic neurostimulation in postural and intention tremor.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "PURPOSE OBJECTIVE To investigate alterations of inhibitory and excitatory cortical circuits during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in drug-naive patients with partial epilepsies and sleep-bound seizures only.\nMETHODS METHODS A paired-pulse TMS paradigm was used to test intracortical inhibition (ICI) and facilitation (ICF) in the hemisphere of the epileptic focus in three untreated patients with nonlesional, nongenetic frontal lobe epilepsy in NREM2 (three patients), NREM3/4 (one patient), and wakefulness (three patients).\nRESULTS RESULTS All three patients exhibited a major decrease of ICI in NREM sleep as opposed to the physiological enhancement of ICI with the progression of NREM sleep.\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS Decreased ICI might reflect a substrate for the association of epileptic processes with thalamocortical networks that propagate sleep. Thus our findings contribute to a hypothesis of how NREM sleep could promote seizures.", "authors": [ "Salih, Farid", "Khatami, Ramin", "Steinheimer, Saskia", "Kretz, Rebekka", "Schmitz, Bettina", "Grosse, Pascal" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1111/j.1528-1167.2007.01079.x", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 1497, "pages": "1538-42", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 10.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "0013-9580", "publisher": "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd", "sjr": 1.966, "snip": 1.893, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Epilepsia" }, "publication_date": "2007-04-13", "selected": false, "title": "A hypothesis for how non-REM sleep might promote seizures in partial epilepsies: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Forty-four patients with severe traction brachial plexus avulsion injuries were studied following surgical repairs. In eight patients, re-implanting avulsed spinal roots directly to the spinal cord was performed with other repairs and motor recovery in the proximal limb was similar to that achieved by conventional nerve grafts and transfers when assessed using the MRC clinical grades, Narakas scores, EMG and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). Thirty-four of the 37 patients had co-contractions of agonist and antagonist muscle groups. Spontaneous contractions of limb muscles in synchrony with respiration, the \"breathing arm\", were noted in 26 of 37 patients: in three patients, the source of the breathing arm was from spinal cord re-connection, providing evidence of regeneration from the CNS to the periphery. Our study shows that re-connection of avulsed spinal roots can produce good motor recovery and provides a clinical model for developing new treatments which may enhance nerve regeneration. \u00c2\u00a9 2006 The British Society for Surgery of the Hand.", "authors": [ "Htut, M.", "Misra, V.P.", "Anand, P.", "Birch, R.", "Carlstedt, T." ], "categories": null, "citations": 43, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.jhsb.2006.11.011", "keywords": [ "breathing arm", "re-implantation", "electrophysiology", "brachial plexus injury", "surgical repair" ], "number_of_pages": 9, "pages": "170-178", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": null, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "02667681", "publisher": "W.B. Saunders Ltd", "sjr": 0.111, "snip": 0.957, "subject_areas": [ "Surgery", "Transplantation" ], "title": "Journal of Hand Surgery" }, "publication_date": "2007-04-01", "selected": false, "title": "Motor recovery and the breathing arm after brachial plexus surgical repairs, including re-implantation of avulsed spinal roots into the spinal cord", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=33847383004&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) mediates a variety of inflammatory diseases such as asthma, arthritis, atherosclerosis, and cancer through activation of the G-protein-coupled receptor, BLT1. Using in silico molecular dynamics simulations combined with site-directed mutagenesis we characterized the ligand binding site and activation mechanism for BLT1. Mutation of residues predicted as potential ligand contact points in transmembrane domains (TMs) III (H94A and Y102A), V (E185A), and VI (N241A) resulted in reduced binding affinity. Analysis of arginines in extracellular loop 2 revealed that mutating arginine 156 but not arginine 171 or 178 to alanine resulted in complete loss of LTB4 binding to BLT1. Structural models for the ligand-free and ligand-bound states of BLT1 revealed an activation core formed around Asp-64, displaying multiple dynamic interactions with Asn-36, Ser-100, and Asn-281 and a triad of serines, Ser-276, Ser-277, and Ser-278. Mutagenesis of many of these residues in BLT1 resulted in loss of signaling capacity while retaining normal LTB4 binding function. Thus, polar residues within TMs III, V, and VI and extracellular loop 2 are critical for ligand binding, whereas polar residues in TMs II, III, and VII play a central role in transducing the ligand-induced conformational change to activation. The delineation of a validated binding site and activation mechanism should facilitate structure-based design of inhibitors targeting BLT1. \u00c2\u00a9 2007 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.", "authors": [ "Basu, Sudeep", "Jala, Venkatakrishna R", "Mathis, Steven", "Rajagopal, Soujanya T", "Del Prete, Annalisa", "Maturu, Paramahamsa", "Trent, John O", "Haribabu, Bodduluri" ], "categories": null, "citations": 28, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1074/jbc.M609552200", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 13, "pages": "10005-10017", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 9.2, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "0021-9258", "publisher": "Elsevier Inc.", "sjr": 1.805, "snip": 1.122, "subject_areas": [ "Cell Biology", "Molecular Biology", "Biochemistry" ], "title": "The Journal of biological chemistry" }, "publication_date": "2007-01-21", "selected": false, "title": "Critical role for polar residues in coupling leukotriene B4 binding to signal transduction in BLT1.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=34248214693&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Forty-four patients with severe traction brachial plexus avulsion injuries were studied following surgical repairs. In eight patients, re-implanting avulsed spinal roots directly to the spinal cord was performed with other repairs and motor recovery in the proximal limb was similar to that achieved by conventional nerve grafts and transfers when assessed using the MRC clinical grades, Narakas scores, EMG and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). Thirty-four of the 37 patients had co-contractions of agonist and antagonist muscle groups. Spontaneous contractions of limb muscles in synchrony with respiration, the \"breathing arm\", were noted in 26 of 37 patients: in three patients, the source of the breathing arm was from spinal cord re-connection, providing evidence of regeneration from the CNS to the periphery. Our study shows that re-connection of avulsed spinal roots can produce good motor recovery and provides a clinical model for developing new treatments which may enhance nerve regeneration.", "authors": [ "Htut, M", "Misra, V P", "Anand, P", "Birch, R", "Carlstedt, T" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/J.JHSB.2006.11.011", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 163, "pages": "170-8", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 2.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1753-1934", "publisher": "SAGE Publications Ltd", "sjr": 0.874, "snip": 1.544, "subject_areas": [ "Surgery" ], "title": "The Journal of hand surgery, European volume" }, "publication_date": "2007-01-16", "selected": false, "title": "Motor recovery and the breathing arm after brachial plexus surgical repairs, including re-implantation of avulsed spinal roots into the spinal cord.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Results of neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies suggest that some forms of chronic tinnitus can be regarded to be \"hyperexcitability syndromes\", caused by abnormal focal brain activity. Low frequency repetitive magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an efficient method to selectively reduce the abnormally increased activity in distinct cortical areas. An increasing amount of clinical data suggest that low frequency rTMS might be an effective therapy that is directed at the cause of some forms of chronic tinnitus. To further explore the underlying neurobiological mechanisms we investigated the effect of rTMS on cortical excitability in healthy human subjects using the protocol, which has been successfully used for the treatment of tinnitus. We determined different parameters of motor cortex excitability (resting motor threshold, RMT; active motor threshold, AMT; short intracortical inhibition, ICI; short intracortical facilitation, ICF; and the duration of the cortical silent period, CSP) before and after 5 days of low frequency rTMS (2000 stimuli/day at 110% of RMT) over the left auditory cortex. Five sessions of low frequency rTMS resulted in a significant prolongation of the CSP. All other signs of cortical excitability that we studied remained unchanged. These findings suggest, that low frequency rTMS may evoke long-term depression (LTD)-like effects resulting in enhancement of subcortical inhibition.", "authors": [ "Eichhammer, P", "Kleinjung, T", "Landgrebe, M", "Hajak, G", "Langguth, B" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/S0079-6123(07)66035-X", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 295, "pages": "369-75", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 4.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "0079-6123", "publisher": "Elsevier", "sjr": 1.229, "snip": 0.0, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Progress in brain research" }, "publication_date": "2007-01-01", "selected": false, "title": "TMS for treatment of chronic tinnitus: neurobiological effects.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs) are a group of primary headache syndromes characterised by intense pain and associated activation of cranial parasympathetic autonomic outflow pathways out of proportion to the pain. The TACs include cluster headache, paroxysmal hemicrania and SUNCT (short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing). The pathophysiology of these syndromes involves activation of the trigeminal-autonomic reflex, whose afferent limb projects into the trigeminocervical complex in the caudal brainstem and upper cervical spinal cord. Functional brain imaging has shown activations in the posterior hypothalamic grey matter in TACs. This paper reviews the anatomy and physiology of these conditions and the brain imaging findings. Current treatments are summarised and the role of neuromodulation procedures, such as occipital nerve stimulation and deep brain stimulation in the posterior hypothalamus are reviewed. Neuromodulatory procedures are a promising avenue for these highly disabled patients with treatment refractory TACs.", "authors": [ "Goadsby, P J" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1007/978-3-211-33081-4_12", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 12, "pages": "99-110", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 2.3, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "0065-1419", "publisher": "Springer-Verlag Wien", "sjr": 0.32, "snip": 0.634, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement" }, "publication_date": "2007-01-01", "selected": false, "title": "Neuromodulatory approaches to the treatment of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Despite the clinical success of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for the treatment of movement disorders, many questions remain about its effects on the nervous system. This study presents a methodology to predict the volume of tissue activated (VTA) by DBS on a patient-specific basis. Our goals were to identify the intersection between the VTA and surrounding anatomical structures and to compare activation of these structures with clinical outcomes. The model system consisted of three fundamental components: (1) a 3D anatomical model of the subcortical nuclei and DBS electrode position in the brain, each derived from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); (2) a finite element model of the DBS electrode and electric field transmitted to the brain, with tissue conductivity properties derived from diffusion tensor MRI; (3) VTA prediction derived from the response of myelinated axons to the applied electric field, which is a function of the stimulation parameters (contact, impedance, voltage, pulse width, frequency). We used this model system to analyze the effects of subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS in a patient with Parkinson's disease. Quantitative measurements of bradykinesia, rigidity, and corticospinal tract (CST) motor thresholds were evaluated over a range of stimulation parameter settings. Our model predictions showed good agreement with CST thresholds. Additionally, stimulation through electrode contacts that improved bradykinesia and rigidity generated VTAs that overlapped the zona incerta/fields of Forel (ZI/H2). Application of DBS technology to various neurological disorders has preceded scientific characterization of the volume of tissue directly affected by the stimulation. Synergistic integration of clinical analysis, neuroimaging, neuroanatomy, and neurostimulation modeling provides an opportunity to address wide ranging questions on the factors linked with the therapeutic benefits and side effects of DBS.", "authors": [ "Butson, Christopher R", "Cooper, Scott E", "Henderson, Jaimie M", "McIntyre, Cameron C" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.09.034", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 592, "pages": "661-70", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 11.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1053-8119", "publisher": "Academic Press Inc.", "sjr": 2.512, "snip": 1.782, "subject_areas": [ "Cognitive Neuroscience", "Neurology" ], "title": "NeuroImage" }, "publication_date": "2006-11-17", "selected": false, "title": "Patient-specific analysis of the volume of tissue activated during deep brain stimulation.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS OBJECTIVE Correlate subjective improvements in tinnitus severity with restoration of cortical symmetry and sustained attention after neuronavigated low-frequency, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS).\nSTUDY DESIGN METHODS Case study.\nMETHODS METHODS Positron emission tomography and computed tomography imaging (PET-CT) guided rTMS was performed on a 43-year-old white male with more than a 30 year history of bilateral tinnitus. rTMS was administered to the area of increased cortical activation visualized on PET-CT at a rate of 1 Hz for 30 minutes (1,800 pulses/session) for each of 5 consecutive days, with optimization applied on day 5 using single pulses of TMS to temporarily alter tinnitus perception. Subjective tinnitus severity was rated before and after rTMS using the tinnitus severity index with analogue scale. Attention and vigilance were assessed before and after therapy using the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT), a simple reaction time test that is sensitive to thalamocortical contributions to sustained attention. Posttherapy PET-CT was used to evaluate any change in asymmetric cortical activation.\nRESULTS RESULTS The most marked reduction in tinnitus severity occurred after rTMS optimization; this persisted up to 4 weeks after rTMS. PVT testing showed the patient exhibited a statistically significant improvement in mean slowest 10% reaction times after rTMS (P = .004). PET-CT imaging 2 days after the cessation of rTMS showed no changes in cortical blood flow or metabolic asymmetries.\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS Low-frequency rTMS applied to the primary auditory cortex can reduce tinnitus severity, with rTMS optimization yielding the most favorable results. Beneficial changes occurring in the patient's slowest reaction times suggest that attentional deficits associated with tinnitus may also respond to low-frequency rTMS.", "authors": [ "Richter, Gresham T", "Mennemeier, Mark", "Bartel, Twyla", "Chelette, Kenneth C", "Kimbrell, Timothy", "Triggs, William", "Dornhoffer, John L" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1097/01.mlg.0000234936.82619.69", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 1796, "pages": "1867-72", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "0023-852X", "publisher": "Wiley-Blackwell", "sjr": 1.103, "snip": 1.63, "subject_areas": [ "Otorhinolaryngology" ], "title": "The Laryngoscope" }, "publication_date": "2006-10-01", "selected": false, "title": "Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for tinnitus: a case study.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Deep brain stimulation (DBS) into the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a highly effective treatment for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). The consequences of STN stimulation on intracortical and corticospinal excitability have been addressed in a few studies using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Although excitability measurements were compared between the STN stimulation OFF and ON condition, in these experiments, there are no longitudinal studies examining the impact of electrode implantation per se on motor excitability. Here, we explored the effects of STN electrode implantation on resting motor thresholds (RMT), motor evoked potential (MEP) recruitment curves, and MEP onset latencies on 2 consecutive days before and shortly after STN surgery with the stimulator switched off, thus avoiding the effects of chronic DBS on the motor system, in 8 PD patients not taking any dopaminergic medication. After surgery, RMT and MEP recruitment curves were unchanged. In contrast, MEP onset latencies were significantly shorter when examined in relaxed muscles but were unchanged under preactivation. We hypothesize that postoperatively TMS pulses induced small currents in scalp leads underneath the TMS coil connecting the external stimulator with STN electrodes leading to inadvertent stimulation of fast-conducting descending neural elements in the vicinity of the STN, thereby producing submotor threshold descending volleys. These \"conditioning\" volleys probably preactivated spinal motor neurons leading to earlier suprathreshold activation by the multiple corticospinal volleys produced by TMS of the motor cortex. These TMS effects need to be considered when interpreting results of excitability measurements in PD patients after implantation of STN electrodes.", "authors": [ "Hidding, Ute", "B\u00e4umer, Tobias", "Siebner, Hartwig Roman", "Demiralay, C\u00fcneyt", "Buhmann, Carsten", "Weyh, Thomas", "Moll, Christian", "Hamel, Wolfgang", "M\u00fcnchau, Alexander" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1002/mds.20951", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 1466, "pages": "1471-6", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 13.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "0885-3185", "publisher": "John Wiley & Sons Inc.", "sjr": 2.602, "snip": 1.981, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society" }, "publication_date": "2006-09-01", "selected": false, "title": "MEP latency shift after implantation of deep brain stimulation systems in the subthalamic nucleus in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Aim: To observe the change of protein level of basal ganglia of cerebral. ischemia after. \"Xingnao Kaiqiao\" (XNKQ) acupuncture method with two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) technique in order to analyze the effect of acupuncture on protein level in local cerebral ischemia. Methods: From October 2003 to July 2004 the experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the National Center of Biomedical Analysis. 1 Totally 40 adult male Wistar rats were selected and divided into four groups: normal group, sham operation group, model group and acupuncture group with 10 rats in each group. The middle cerebral artery occlusion models of model group and acupuncture group were induced by internal carotid artery insert the filament method Sham operated group besides not to insert the filament to internal carotid artery, other steps were the same to the model group. The normal group did not make any processing. The acupuncture group elected main points of \"XNKQ\" acupuncture method: Neiguan (P 6) and Renzhong (Du 26) to carry on the acupuncture with Hanshi point neurostimulation meter. Acupuncture method: The electricity needle, frequency was 2 Hz and electric current was 3 mA for 10 minutes once. Acupuncturing was performed once when neural functional defect score was qualified. It was conducted again at 10 minutes before executing. The rats were killed immediately 6 hours after operation. Ischemic asipodite was detached on ice. 2 2-DE was performed in protein extract of the 4 groups. Gel imaging was analyzed and differential expression protein was found with computer combined with imaging technique. Differential expression protein was selected with matrix assisted laser desorption/ ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI/TOF MS) so as to measure peptide mass fingerprinting. Swiss-Prot protein database was retrieved to identify differential expression protein. Results: Totally 40 Wistar rats were involved in the result analysis. The protein of basal ganglia was separated by its two characteristics: isoelectric point and molecular weight based on 2-DE in the 4 groups. The position and abundance of the protein showed with coomassie brillint blue. The result showed this method had achieved to good separation effect, has the result after the computer image software analyzed the images: It was found that 15 spots had the distinct change on the quality and/or quantity after contrasting 4 groups. Among them, the levels of 2 proteins were significantly up-regulated in model group and expressed down-regulated after \"XNKQ\" acupuncture treatment: Ubiquinol-cytochrome C reductase iron-sulfur subunit (29 427/9.04), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase (35 656/8.45); After the treatment further up-regulated had 3 spots: Glutathione S-transferase P (23 293/7.30), tissue-type plasminogen activator precursor (62 862/ 8.55), anti-oxidant protein 2 (24 439/5.8). The levels of 4 proteins were down-regulated in model group and expressed up-regulated after \"XNKQ\" acupuncture treatment: Heat shock cognate Mr 71 000 protein (70 827/5.37), creatine kinase (42 685/5.33), histidine triad nu cleotide-binding protein 1. (13 637/6.39), Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (15 771/5.89). Four proteins had the change in model group, but did not have the obvious change after treatment: Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 (30 606/8.63), ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 (24 822/5.14), guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G (T) beta subunit 1 (37 353/5.60), proteasome phosphoglycerate mutase alpha subunit alpha type 4 (29 197/6.8). Two proteins appeared no change in the model group, but had changes after the treatment: phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (28 497/6.21), thioredoxin (11 876/4.6). Conclusion: Protein extractive of basal ganglia receives 2-DE and MALDI/ TOF MS, which may separate effectively protein of basal ganglia of abnormal change and effective acupuncture treatment; These different expression proteins are possibly concerned as target protein after cerebral ischemic injury and the acupuncture treatment.", "authors": [ "Wang, S.", "Wen, J.-R.", "Zhao, X.-F.", "Shi, X.-M." ], "categories": null, "citations": 1, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus" ], "doi": null, "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 3, "pages": "87-89", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": null, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "16715926", "publisher": "Zhongguo Lin Chuang Kang Fu", "sjr": 0.106, "snip": 0.026, "subject_areas": [ "Rehabilitation" ], "title": "Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation" }, "publication_date": "2006-08-20", "selected": false, "title": "Changes in protein level of basal ganglia in rats with focal cerebral ischemia after \"Xingnao Kaiqiao\" acupuncture", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=33846399330&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the cortex can modify activity noninvasively and produce either excitatory or inhibitory effects, depending on stimulus parameters. Here we demonstrate controlled inhibitory effects on the large corticogeniculate feedback pathway from primary visual cortex to cells of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) that are focal and reversible-induced by either single pulses or trains of pulses of TMS. These effects selectively suppress the sustained component of responses to flashed spots or moving grating stimuli and are the result of loss of spikes fired in tonic mode, whereas the number of spikes fired in bursts remain the same. We conclude that acute inactivation of the corticogeniculate downflow selectively affects the tonic mode. We found no evidence to suggest that cortical inactivation increased burst frequency.", "authors": [ "de Labra, Carmen", "Rivadulla, Casto", "Grieve, Kenneth", "Mari\u00f1o, Jorge", "Espinosa, Nelson", "Cudeiro, Javier" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1093/cercor/bhl048", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 1292, "pages": "1376-85", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 8.2, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1047-3211", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "sjr": 1.738, "snip": 1.159, "subject_areas": [ "Cognitive Neuroscience", "Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience" ], "title": "Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)" }, "publication_date": "2006-08-14", "selected": false, "title": "Changes in visual responses in the feline dLGN: selective thalamic suppression induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation of V1.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Beta oscillations (15-30 Hz) constitute an important electrophysiological signal recorded in the resting state over the human precentral gyrus. The brain circuitry involved in generating the beta oscillations is not well understood but appears to involve both cortical and subcortical structures. We have shown that single pulses of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) applied over the primary motor cortex consistently elicit a brief beta oscillation. Reducing the local cortical excitability using low-frequency repetitive TMS does not change the amplitude of the induced beta oscillation (Van Der Werf and Paus in Exp Brain Res DOI 10.1007/s00221-006-0551-2). Here, we investigated the possible involvement of the thalamus in the cortically expressed beta response to single-pulse TMS. We included eight patients with Parkinson's disease who had undergone unilateral surgical lesioning of the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus. We administered 50 single pulses of TMS, at an intensity of 120% of resting motor threshold, over the left and right primary motor cortex and, at the same time, recorded the electroencephalogram (EEG) using a 60-electrode cap. We were able to perform analyses on seven EEG data sets and found that stimulation of the unoperated hemisphere (with thalamus) resulted in higher amplitudes of the single-trial induced beta oscillations than in the operated hemisphere (with thalamotomy). The beta oscillation obtained in response to pulses applied over the unoperated hemisphere was also higher than that obtained in healthy controls. We suggest that (1) the beta oscillatory response to pulses of TMS applied over the primary motor cortex is higher in Parkinson's disease patients, (2) thalamotomy serves to reduce the abnormally high TMS-induced beta oscillations, and (3) the motor thalamus facilitates the cortically generated oscillation, through cortico-subcortico-cortical feedback loops.", "authors": [ "Van Der Werf, Ysbrand D", "Sadikot, Abbas F", "Strafella, Antonio P", "Paus, Tom\u00e1s" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1007/s00221-006-0548-x", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 192, "pages": "246-55", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "0014-4819", "publisher": "Springer Verlag", "sjr": 0.662, "snip": 0.85, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Experimental brain research" }, "publication_date": "2006-07-11", "selected": false, "title": "The neural response to transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human motor cortex. II. Thalamocortical contributions.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "We investigated the properties of the neural response to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) applied over the human primary motor cortex. Consistent with our previous findings, single pulses of TMS induce a characteristic negative deflection at 45 ms (N45) and a transient oscillation in the beta frequency-range (15-30 Hz), as measured using electroencephalograpy (EEG). Here we show the relative specificity of the beta oscillation and the N45; both are stronger when elicited by stimulation applied over the primary motor cortex, as compared with stimulation over the dorsal premotor cortex. We also provide a quantitative analysis of the beta responses to single pulses of TMS and show that the responses are highly phaselocked to the TMS pulses within single subjects; this phaselocking is similar from subject to subject. A single pulse of TMS applied over the primary motor cortex thus appears to reset the ongoing oscillations of the neurons, bringing them transiently into synchrony. Finally, we examine the effect of local or distal modulation of the excitability of the primary motor cortex on the beta oscillation and the N45 in response to single-pulse TMS. We applied low-frequency subthreshold repetitive TMS either over the primary motor cortex (local modulation) or, on a separate day, over the dorsal premotor cortex (distal modulation). The modulation was evaluated with single suprathreshold test pulses of TMS applied over the primary motor cortex before and after the subthreshold low-frequency rTMS. We recorded the EEG response throughout the testing session, i.e. to both the subthreshold and the suprathreshold pulses. After repetitive TMS applied over the primary motor cortex, but not the dorsal premotor cortex, the amplitude of the N45 in response to suprathreshold pulses tended to decrease (not significant), and subsequently increased (significant); neither type of repetitive TMS affected the amplitude of the beta oscillation. We conclude that (1) the N45 depends on circuits intrinsic to the primary motor cortex; (2) the beta oscillation is specific to stimulation of the primary motor cortex, but is not affected by modulation of either cortical area and; (3) the beta oscillatory response to pulses of TMS arises from resetting of ongoing oscillations rather than their induction. \u00c2\u00a9 2006 Springer-Verlag.", "authors": [ "Van Der Werf, Ysbrand D", "Paus, Tom\u00e1s" ], "categories": null, "citations": 121, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1007/s00221-006-0551-2", "keywords": [ "Excitability", "Oscillations", "Primary motor cortex", "Plasticity", "Dorsal premotor cortex" ], "number_of_pages": 187, "pages": "231-245", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "0014-4819", "publisher": "Springer Verlag", "sjr": 0.662, "snip": 0.85, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Experimental brain research" }, "publication_date": "2006-06-17", "selected": false, "title": "The neural response to transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human motor cortex. I. Intracortical and cortico-cortical contributions.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=33750324228&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "The hypothalamus is a key neural region in the regulation of sleep, its anterior part implicated in sleep facilitation, while the posterior hypothalamus acts in a balanced way to maintain wakefulness. The hypothalamus forms part of the so-called central autonomic network, regulating body homeostasis and controlling pain. To this effect, it is strongly wired to more rostral and caudal areas, in particular the brainstem periaqueductal grey, the locus coeruleus and the median raphe nuclei, all involved in sleep mechanisms and also in the descending control of pain perception. The hypothalamus, especially its posterior regions, becomes activated during attacks of the so-called trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs), while brainstem, especially dorsal pontine, activity shows up during migraine attacks. The hypothalamus and interconnected brainstem areas likely represent the neural sites responsible for the chronobiological features of some headaches, in particular the sleep-related attacks typical of the TACs, migraines and the hypnic headaches.", "authors": [ "Montagna, P" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1007/s10072-006-0589-8", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "S138-43", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1590-1874", "publisher": "Springer-Verlag Italia Srl", "sjr": 0.765, "snip": 1.075, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Dermatology" ], "title": "Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology" }, "publication_date": "2006-05-01", "selected": false, "title": "Hypothalamus, sleep and headaches.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE We studied changes of the EEG spectral power induced by deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Also analyzed were changes of visual evoked potentials (VEP) with DBS on and off.\nMETHODS METHODS Eleven patients with advanced PD treated with bilateral DBS STN were examined after an overnight withdrawal of L-DOPA and 2 h after switching off the neurostimulators. All underwent clinical examination followed by resting EEG and VEP recordings, a procedure repeated after DBS STN was switched on.\nRESULTS RESULTS With DBS switched on, the dominant EEG frequency increased from 9.44+/-1.3 to 9.71+/-1.3 Hz (P<0.01) while its relative spectral power dropped by 11% on average (P<0.05). Switching on the neurostimulators caused a decrease in the N70/P100 amplitude of the VEP (P<0.01), which inversely correlated with the intensity of DBS (black-and-white pattern: P<0.01; color pattern: P<0.05).\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS Despite artifacts generated by neurostimulators, the VEP and resting EEG were suitable for the detection of effects related to DBS STN. The acceleration of dominant frequency in the alpha band may be evidence of DBS STN influence on speeding up of intracortical oscillations. The spectral power decrease, seen mainly in the fronto-central region, might reflect a desynchronization in the premotor and motor circuits, though no movement was executed. Similarly, desynchronization of the cortical activity recorded posteriorly may by responsible for the VEP amplitude decrease implying DBS STN-related influence even on the visual system.\nSIGNIFICANCE CONCLUSIONS Changes in idling EEG activity observed diffusely over scalp together with involvement of the VEP suggest that the effects of DBS STN reach far beyond the motor system influencing the basic mechanisms of rhythmic cortical oscillations.", "authors": [ "Jech, Robert", "R\u016fzicka, Evzen", "Urgos\u00edk, Dusan", "Serranov\u00e1, Tereza", "Volfov\u00e1, Mark\u00e9ta", "Nov\u00e1kov\u00e1, Olga", "Roth, Jan", "Dusek, Petr", "Mec\u00edr, Petr" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.clinph.2006.01.009", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 990, "pages": "1017-28", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1388-2457", "publisher": "Elsevier Ireland Ltd", "sjr": 1.212, "snip": 1.482, "subject_areas": [ "Physiology (medical)", "Neurology (clinical)", "Sensory Systems", "Neurology" ], "title": "Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology" }, "publication_date": "2006-03-03", "selected": false, "title": "Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus affects resting EEG and visual evoked potentials in Parkinson's disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Deep vein thrombosis \u00c4\u009d\u00e2\u0082\u00ac\" the formation of clots in one of the body\u00c4\u009d\u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00e2\u0084\u00a2s deep veins (usually in the lower extremities) \u00c4\u009d\u00e2\u0082\u00ac\" develops as a result of vascular damage to the vein wall, venous stasis, and hypercoagulability (Virchow\u00c4\u009d\u00e2\u0082\u00ac\u00e2\u0084\u00a2s triad). Among the many problems it can cause, the condition can escalate the challenge of healing a chronic wound. If a patient presents with pain, swelling, warmth, muscle cramps, and/or redness, the clinician should consider deep vein thrombosis, even if the patient does not initially appear to be at risk. Because approximately 2 million Americans have deep vein thrombosis every year (including otherwise healthy adults, the elderly, and persons with and without a history of venous insufficiency), prompt attention to symptoms is warranted. Diagnosis takes into consideration risk factors such as hypercoagulability, estrogen contraception, and Factor V Leiden mutation and is confirmed via compression ultrasonography and duplex ultrasound. Management includes anticoagulation therapy and thrombolytic therapy; prevention focuses on avoiding long periods of sitting, wearing compression hose when necessary and, for persons at risk, prophylactic anticoagulant therapy. Prescribed bedrest as a result of deep vein thrombosis provided one clinician/patient who did not consider herself to be at risk the opportunity to explore the condition in depth. \u00c2\u00a9 2007 HMP Communications.", "authors": [ "Parnell, L.K.S." ], "categories": null, "citations": 1, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus" ], "doi": null, "keywords": [ "Review", "Treatment", "Risk factors", "Deep vein thrombosis", "Case study" ], "number_of_pages": 7, "pages": "66-72", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 1.8, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "08895899", "publisher": "HMP Communications", "sjr": 0.56, "snip": 0.026, "subject_areas": [ "Gastroenterology", "Internal Medicine", "Nursing (all)" ], "title": "Ostomy Wound Management" }, "publication_date": "2006-03-01", "selected": false, "title": "Up close and personal with deep vein thrombosis", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=33745120866&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective treatment for movement disorders and pain. Recently, bilateral DBS of the anterior nucleus of thalamus (AN) was performed for the treatment of intractable epilepsy. This surgery reduced seizure frequency in an initial group of patients. However, its physiologic effects on the cortex and mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. Different classes of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have distinct effects on the excitatory and inhibitory circuits in the motor cortex, which can be studied noninvasively by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).\nOBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of bilateral AN DBS on motor cortex excitability in epilepsy and compare these to the known effects of AEDs.\nMETHODS METHODS Cortical excitability was assessed in five medicated epilepsy patients with bilateral stimulators implanted in the anterior thalamus and nine healthy controls. Single and paired TMS were used to examine cortical inhibitory and facilitatory circuits. Electromyography was recorded from the dominant hand, and TMS was applied over the contralateral motor cortex. Patients were studied during DBS turned off (OFF condition), DBS with cycling stimulation mode (1 minute on, 5 minutes off; CYCLE), and DBS with continuous stimulation (CONTINUOUS) in random order on 3 consecutive days.\nRESULTS RESULTS Motor thresholds were increased in the patients regardless of DBS condition. Active short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) was significantly reduced in the OFF and CYCLE conditions but returned toward normal levels in the CONTINUOUS condition. Rest SICI, long interval intracortical inhibition, and silent period duration were unchanged.\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS Increased short-interval intracortical inhibition with continuous deep brain stimulation (DBS) suggests that thalamic DBS might drive cortical inhibitory circuits, similar to antiepileptic drugs that enhance gamma-aminobutyric acid inhibition.", "authors": [ "Molnar, G F", "Sailer, A", "Gunraj, C A", "Cunic, D I", "Wennberg, R A", "Lozano, A M", "Chen, R" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1212/01.wnl.0000198254.08581.6b", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 496, "pages": "566-71", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 12.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1526-632X", "publisher": "Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Ltd.", "sjr": 2.537, "snip": 2.47, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)" ], "title": "Neurology" }, "publication_date": "2006-02-01", "selected": false, "title": "Changes in motor cortex excitability with stimulation of anterior thalamus in epilepsy.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has become the therapy of choice for medically intractable Parkinson's Disease. However, the physiological mechanisms responsible for the therapeutic effects of DBS remain unknown, and quantitative understanding of the interaction between the electric field generated by DBS and the underlying neural tissue is lacking. Recently our group has developed various computational techniques to study the neural response to DBS. The goal of this study was to incrementally incorporate increasing levels of complexity into our computer models of STN DBS and address activation of the corticospinal tract (CST). Our model system was customized to an STN DBS patient and CST thresholds were calculated with electric field models that ranged from an electrostatic, homogeneous, isotropic model to one that explicitly incorporated the capacitance of the electrode-tissue interface, tissue encapsulation of the electrode, and diffusion-tensor based 3D tissue anisotropy and inhomogeneity. The model predictions were compared to clinical CST thresholds defined from electromyographic recordings from eight muscle groups in the arm and leg of the STN DBS patient. Coupled evaluation of the model and clinical data showed that accurate prediction of axonal thresholds required our most detailed model. In addition, the simplifications and assumptions typically utilized in neurostimulation models substantially overestimate neural activation.", "authors": [ "Chaturvedi, Ashutosh", "Butson, Christopher R", "Cooper, Scott E", "McIntyre, Cameron C" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1109/IEMBS.2006.260502", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 1238, "pages": "1240-3", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": null, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": "978-1-5386-1312-2", "issn": "1557-170X", "publisher": "IEEE", "sjr": null, "snip": null, "subject_areas": [], "title": "Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference" }, "publication_date": "2006-01-01", "selected": false, "title": "Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation: accurate axonal threshold prediction with diffusion tensor based electric field models.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Decrease of thalamic blood flow contralateral to neuropathic pain has been described by several groups, but its relation with sensory deafferentation remains unclear. Here we report one instance where the thalamic effects of sensory deafferentation could be dissociated from those of neuropathic pain. A 50-year-old patient underwent a left medullary infarct leading to right-sided thermal and pain hypaesthesia up to the third right trigeminal division, as well as in the left face. During the following months the patient developed neuropathic pain limited to the left side of the face. Although the territory with sensory loss was much wider in the right (non painful) than in the left (painful) side of the body, PET-scan demonstrated significant reduction of blood flow in the right thalamus (contralateral to the small painful area) relative to its homologous region. After 3 months of right motor cortex stimulation the patient reported 60% relief of his left facial pain, and a new PET-scan showed correction of the thalamic asymmetry. We conclude that thalamic PET-scan hypoactivity contralateral to neuropathic pain does not merely reflect deafferentation, but appears related to the pain pathophysiology, and may be normalized in parallel with pain relief. The possible mechanisms linking thalamic hypoactivity and pain are discussed in relation with findings in epileptic patients, possible compensation phenomena and bursting thalamic discharges described in animals and humans. Restoration of thalamic activity in neuropathic pain might represent one important condition to obtain successful relief by analgesic procedures, including cortical neurostimulation.", "authors": [ "Garcia-Larrea, Luis", "Maarrawi, Joseph", "Peyron, Roland", "Costes, Nicolas", "Mertens, Patrick", "Magnin, Michel", "Laurent, Bernard" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.ejpain.2005.10.008", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 590, "pages": "677-88", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.8, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1090-3801", "publisher": "Wiley-Blackwell", "sjr": 1.07, "snip": 1.513, "subject_areas": [ "Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine" ], "title": "European journal of pain (London, England)" }, "publication_date": "2005-12-09", "selected": false, "title": "On the relation between sensory deafferentation, pain and thalamic activity in Wallenberg's syndrome: a PET-scan study before and after motor cortex stimulation.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Joint disease causes weakness and wasting of adjacent muscles, in part because of inability to fully activate these muscles voluntarily. Previous findings suggest that transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) paired with muscle contractions enhances maximal voluntary contraction force (MVC) in healthy subjects by improving voluntary activation (VA). The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether such an effect is also present in subjects suffering from diminished muscle force due to decreased VA. Three single TMS over resting motor threshold were applied in 10 patients with a mean age of 62 years after total-knee arthroplasty either during MVC or during muscle relaxation (control experiment) in a blinded randomized crossover study. MVC and VA were determined using a twitch-interpolation technique at 1, 15, 30, and 60 min after stimulation. There was a significant effect of TMS on MVC if applied in synchrony with muscle contraction, and this persisted for at least 60 min beyond stimulation. In patients suffering from joint disease, TMS might make physiotherapy more effective. \u00c2\u00a9 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.", "authors": [ "Urbach, Dietmar", "Berth, Alexander", "Awiszus, Friedemann" ], "categories": null, "citations": 25, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1002/mus.20353", "keywords": [ "Arthroplasty", "Motor learning", "Hebbian learning", "Long-term potentiation", "Muscle inhibition" ], "number_of_pages": 156, "pages": "164-169", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "0148-639X", "publisher": "John Wiley & Sons Inc.", "sjr": 0.909, "snip": 1.236, "subject_areas": [ "Physiology (medical)", "Neurology (clinical)", "Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience", "Physiology" ], "title": "Muscle and Nerve" }, "publication_date": "2005-08-01", "selected": false, "title": "Effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation on voluntary activation in patients with quadriceps weakness.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=23044488834&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE To describe the therapeutic effect of deep brain stimulation for the treatment of patients with below-average IQs who are affected by aggressive and disruptive behavior and who are resistant to any drug and/or conservative treatment (including occupational therapy).\nPATIENTS AND METHODS METHODS Two consecutive patients suffering from mental retardation with aggressive and disruptive behavior and resistant to any pharmacological treatment underwent deep brain stimulation electrode placement in the posteromedial hypothalamus for continuous chronic high-frequency stimulation (HFS). The stereotactic coordinates of the target were chosen according to the study by Sano et al., which involved hypothalamic stereotactic lesions.\nRESULTS RESULTS HFS of the posteromedial hypothalamus demonstrated consistent improvement of disruptive behavior in both patients at the follow-up evaluation 1 year later.\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS HFS of the posteromedial hypothalamus showed similar results to those obtained by Sano et al. in the 1960s with radiofrequency lesions of the same target volume. The reversibility of neurostimulation allows HFS to control disruptive behavior when conservative treatments are ineffective, and drug therapy is uneventful or causes severe side effects. In conclusion, this neuromodulation procedure improved the quality of life and the range of social relationships for both of the treated patients.", "authors": [ "Franzini, Angelo", "Marras, Carlo", "Ferroli, Paolo", "Bugiani, Orso", "Broggi, Giovanni" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1159/000086675", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 58, "pages": "63-6", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1011-6125", "publisher": "S. Karger AG", "sjr": 0.446, "snip": 0.767, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery" }, "publication_date": "2005-06-30", "selected": false, "title": "Stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus for medically intractable impulsive and violent behavior.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The authors present practical evidence for the usefulness of intraoperative monitoring with surface electromyograms (sEMGs) from the affected muscles to assist electrode implantation and lesioning in patients with movement disorders. In 22 consecutive patients with various movement disorders, sEMGs were monitored in selected muscles during stereotactic surgery that involved either lesioning or electrode implantation. The electromyograms related to major motor symptoms such as tremor, rigidity, myoclonus, dystonia, and chorea were monitored and characterized on-line by both amplitude and frequency. Major motor symptoms were revealed by sEMGs recorded from the affected muscles. Tremor manifested as highly rhythmic bursts with a narrow frequency band; dyskinesias and chorea appeared as irregularly repeated bursts within a broad frequency range of 1 to 5 Hz; and rigidity and dystonia appeared as sustained high-frequency activity and co-contraction between antagonist muscles. The results suggest that intraoperative monitoring of sEMGs could help to functionally refine and confirm target localization. Surface EMGs could be used (1) as reference signals of the motor symptoms so that other signals, such as the oscillatory local field potentials simultaneously recorded via the implanted electrodes, could be correlated with the sEMGs and used to fine-tune or confirm the target localization; (2) to quantify the effects of acute electrical stimulation on the motor symptoms; and (3) to sensitively detect unwanted capsular responses induced by direct stimulation of the internal capsule. The authors conclude that intraoperative monitoring of sEMGs of the affected muscles of patients with movement disorders during stereotactic surgery provides sensitive and quantitative information that can contribute to improved electrode or lesion placement.", "authors": [ "Liu, Xuguang", "Aziz, Tipu Z", "Bain, Peter G" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": null, "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 93, "pages": "183-91", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 4.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "0736-0258", "publisher": "Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Ltd.", "sjr": 0.792, "snip": 1.166, "subject_areas": [ "Physiology (medical)", "Neurology (clinical)", "Physiology", "Neurology" ], "title": "Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society" }, "publication_date": "2005-06-01", "selected": false, "title": "Intraoperative monitoring of motor symptoms using surface electromyography during stereotactic surgery for movement disorders.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective treatment for several movement disorders. However, its mechanism of action is largely unknown. Both lesioning and DBS of the ventralis intermedius (VIM) nucleus of thalamus improve essential tremor. Although DBS was initially thought to inhibit the target neurons, recent studies suggest that DBS activates neurons.\nOBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that thalamic DBS activates the target area in patients with essential tremor.\nMETHODS METHODS Cortical excitability was assessed in seven unmedicated patients with essential tremor using unilateral stimulators implanted in the VIM of the dominant hemisphere and in 11 healthy controls using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Patients were studied during optimal DBS (ON condition), half the optimal frequency (HALF), and with DBS off (OFF) in random order. Tremor was assessed after a change in DBS setting. Electromyography was recorded from the dominant hand, and TMS was applied over the contralateral motor cortex using single and paired pulses to elicit motor evoked potentials (MEPs). MEP recruitment was determined using stimulus intensities from 100% to 150% of motor threshold.\nRESULTS RESULTS Tremor scores were significantly improved with DBS ON. Analysis of variance showed a significant interaction between condition (ON, HALF, OFF, Normal) and stimulus intensity on MEP amplitude. During DBS ON MEP amplitudes were significantly higher compared with controls at high but not at low TMS intensities.\nCONCLUSION CONCLUSIONS Because the ventralis intermedius (VIM) projects directly to the motor cortex, the high motor evoked potential amplitude with deep brain stimulation ON suggests that VIM DBS activates rather than inhibits the target area.", "authors": [ "Molnar, G F", "Sailer, A", "Gunraj, C A", "Cunic, D I", "Lang, A E", "Lozano, A M", "Moro, E", "Chen, R" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1212/01.WNL.0000163985.89444.DD", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 1905, "pages": "1913-9", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 12.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1526-632X", "publisher": "Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Ltd.", "sjr": 2.537, "snip": 2.47, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)" ], "title": "Neurology" }, "publication_date": "2005-06-01", "selected": false, "title": "Changes in cortical excitability with thalamic deep brain stimulation.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "High-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus is a neurosurgical procedure for the alleviation of motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease and debilitating medication-induced dyskinesias. Stimulation is achieved with electrodes implanted stereotactically in the subthalamic nucleus by a neurosurgeon specializing in stereotactic surgery and a team composed of an anesthesiologist, a neurophysiologist, certified nurses and nurse practitioners and, at some centers, a neurologist. The teamwork continues in the recovery room and the intensive care unit, where the patient may experience transient adverse behavioral effects. Two weeks after surgery, the neurostimulator is activated and programmed. The medications also are adjusted to complement stimulation to maximize the therapeutic effects and minimize the stimulation-induced side effects. For those patients who are deconditioned or have major speech, gait, or balance problems, rehabilitation therapy is employed.", "authors": [ "Stewart, R Malcolm", "Desaloms, J Michael", "Sanghera, Manjit K" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": null, "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 95, "pages": "108-14", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 2.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "0888-0395", "publisher": "Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Ltd.", "sjr": 0.544, "snip": 0.855, "subject_areas": [ "Endocrine and Autonomic Systems", "Neurology (clinical)", "Medical and Surgical Nursing", "Surgery" ], "title": "The Journal of neuroscience nursing : journal of the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses" }, "publication_date": "2005-04-01", "selected": false, "title": "Stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus for the treatment of Parkinson's disease: postoperative management, programming, and rehabilitation.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "We enrolled six patients suffering from refractory chronic cluster headache in a pilot trial of neurostimulation of the ipsilateral ventroposterior hypothalamus using the stereotactic coordinates published previously. After the varying durations needed to determine optimal stimulation parameters and a mean follow-up of 14.5 months, the clinical outcome is excellent in three patients (two are pain-free; one has fewer than three attacks per month), but unsatisfactory in one patient, who only has had transient remissions. Mean voltage is 3.28 V, diplopia being the major factor limiting its increase. When the stimulator was switched off in one pain-free patient, attacks resumed after 3 months until it was turned on again. In one patient the implantation procedure had to be interrupted because of a panic attack with autonomic disturbances. Another patient died from an intracerebral haemorrhage that developed along the lead tract several hours after surgery; there were no other vascular changes on post-mortem examination. After 1 month, the hypothalamic stimulation induced resistance against the attack-triggering agent nitroglycerin and tended to increase pain thresholds at extracephalic, but not at cephalic, sites. It had no detectable effect on neurohypophyseal hormones or melatonin excretion. We conclude that hypothalamic stimulation has remarkable efficacy in most, but not all, patients with treatment-resistant chronic cluster headache. Its efficacy is not due to a simple analgesic effect or to hormonal changes. Intracerebral haemorrhage cannot be neglected in the risk evaluation of the procedure. Whether it might be more prevalent than in deep-brain stimulation for movement disorders remains to be determined.", "authors": [ "Schoenen, J", "Di Clemente, L", "Vandenheede, M", "Fumal, A", "De Pasqua, V", "Mouchamps, M", "Remacle, J-M", "de Noordhout, A Maertens" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1093/brain/awh411", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 934, "pages": "940-7", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 20.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1460-2156", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "sjr": 4.437, "snip": 3.147, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)" ], "title": "Brain : a journal of neurology" }, "publication_date": "2005-02-02", "selected": false, "title": "Hypothalamic stimulation in chronic cluster headache: a pilot study of efficacy and mode of action.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The pathophysiology of human narcolepsy is still poorly understood. The hypoactivity of some neurotransmitter systems has been hypothesised on the basis of the canine model. To determine whether narcolepsy is associated with changes in excitability of the cerebral cortex, we assessed the excitability of the motor cortex with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in 13 patients with narcolepsy and in 12 control subjects. We used several TMS paradigms that can provide information on the excitability of the motor cortex. Resting and active motor thresholds were higher in narcoleptic patients than in controls and intracortical inhibition was more pronounced in narcoleptic patients. No changes in the other evaluated measures were detected. These results are consistent with an impaired balance between excitatory and inhibitory intracortical circuits in narcolepsy that leads to cortical hypoexcitability. We hypothesise that the deficiency of the excitatory hypocretin/orexin-neurotransmitter-system in narcolepsy is reflected in changes of cortical excitability since circuits originating in the lateral hypothalamus and in the basal forebrain project widely to the neocortex, including motor cortex. This abnormal excitability of cortical networks could be the physiological correlate of excessive daytime sleepiness and it could be the substrate for allowing dissociated states of wakefulness and sleep to emerge suddenly while patients are awake, which constitute the symptoms of narcolepsy.", "authors": [ "Oliviero, A", "Della Marca, G", "Tonali, P A", "Pilato, F", "Saturno, E", "Dileone, M", "Versace, V", "Mennuni, G", "Di Lazzaro, V" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1007/s00415-005-0598-1", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 6, "pages": "56-61", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 8.8, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "0340-5354", "publisher": "D. Steinkopff-Verlag", "sjr": 1.556, "snip": 1.874, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Journal of neurology" }, "publication_date": "2005-01-01", "selected": false, "title": "Functional involvement of cerebral cortex in human narcolepsy.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The critical role of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in the control of movement and parkinsonian symptoms is well established. Research in animals suggests that the cerebral cortex plays an important role in regulating the activity of the STN but this control is not known in humans. The most extensive cortical innervation of the STN originates from motor areas. Here, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) during intraoperative single-unit recordings from STN, in six patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) undergoing implantation of deep brain stimulators, to determine whether TMS of the motor cortex (MC) modulates the activity of STN and to investigate in vivo the functional organization of the corticosubthalamic circuit in the human brain. Single-pulse TMS of the MC induced an excitation in 74.9% of neurons investigated. This activation was followed by a long-lasting inhibition of the STN neuronal activity that did not correlate with PD severity. Responsive neurons to TMS of the hand area of motor cortex were located mainly in the lateral and dorsal region of the subthalamus while unresponsive cells had a prevalently medial distribution. This is the first report of TMS-induced modulation of STN neuronal activity in humans. These findings open up new avenues for in vivo studies of corticosubthalamic interactions in human brain and PD.", "authors": [ "Strafella, Antonio P", "Vanderwerf, Ysbrand", "Sadikot, Abbas F" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03669.x", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 2237, "pages": "2245-9", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.3, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "0953-816X", "publisher": "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd", "sjr": 1.044, "snip": 0.891, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "The European journal of neuroscience" }, "publication_date": "2004-10-01", "selected": false, "title": "Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human motor cortex influences the neuronal activity of subthalamic nucleus.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The synthesis and photophysical studies of a butadiyne-linked porphyrin-C60 dyad (ZnP-C60) 6 are described. This is the first porphyrin-[60]fullerene dyad in which the two chromophores are conjugatively linked through a 'molecular wire'. The UV-visible absorption spectrum for dyad 6 is slightly red shifted relative to the porphyrin precursor 5 whose fluorescence is all but quenched by the attached C60. \u00c2\u00a9 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.", "authors": [ "Vail, S.A.", "Tom\u00c3\u00a9, J.P.C.", "Krawczuk, P.J.", "Dourandin, A.", "Shafirovich, V.", "Cavaleiro, J.A.S.", "Schuster, D.I." ], "categories": null, "citations": 18, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus" ], "doi": "10.1002/poc.799", "keywords": [ "Molecular wire", "Electron transfer", "Porphyrin", "Fluorescence quenching", "Fullerene" ], "number_of_pages": 5, "pages": "814-818", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "08943230", "publisher": "John Wiley and Sons Ltd", "sjr": 0.323, "snip": 0.474, "subject_areas": [ "Physical and Theoretical Chemistry", "Organic Chemistry" ], "title": "Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry" }, "publication_date": "2004-09-01", "selected": false, "title": "Synthesis and fluorescence properties of a porphyrin-fullerene molecular wire", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=4344577092&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE Epilepsy can be considered as a result of the imbalance of the excitatory and inhibitory processes. Therefore, the artificial enhancement of the activity of brain inhibitory mechanisms might lead to a beneficial therapeutic effect for intractable epilepsy patients.\nMATERIAL AND METHODS METHODS Studies of the inhibitory effects of electrical stimulation of the head of the caudate nucleus (HCN), cerebellar dentate nucleus (CDN), thalamic centromedian nucleus (CM), and neocortical and temporal lobe mesiobasal epileptic foci were performed on 150 patients with implanted intracerebral electrodes. Chronic brain stimulation with implanted neurostimulators was performed on 54 patients. Sixteen were followed up to 1.5 years (mean 1.2 years).\nRESULTS RESULTS The study demonstrated that 4-8 Hz HCN and 50-100 Hz CDN stimulation suppressed the subclinical epileptic discharges and reduced the frequency of generalized, complex partial, and secondary generalized seizures. CM stimulation (20-130 Hz) desynchronized the EEG and suppressed partial motor seizures. Direct subthreshold 1-3 Hz stimulation of the epileptic focus may suppress rhythmic afterdischarges (ADs). Seizures were eliminated for 26 of 54 patients (48%), worthwhile improvement was achieved for 23 of 54 patients (43%), and no improvement was observed in 5 of 54 patients (9%).\nCONCLUSION CONCLUSIONS The artificial increase of the activity of brain inhibitory system may suppress the activity of epileptic foci, and, in long run, stabilize this epileptic foci activity at a lower, perhaps normal, level. Therapeutic direct brain stimulation, therefore, might serve as a useful tool in the treatment of intractable and multifocal epilepsy, and might be combined with ablative surgical methods.", "authors": [ "Chkhenkeli, Sozari A", "Sramka, Miron", "Lortkipanidze, George S", "Rakviashvili, Tamaz N", "Bregvadze, Eteri Sh", "Magalashvili, George E", "Gagoshidze, Tamar Sh", "Chkhenkeli, Irina S" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.clineuro.2004.01.009", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 290, "pages": "318-29", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.2, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "0303-8467", "publisher": "Elsevier", "sjr": 0.538, "snip": 0.785, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "Clinical neurology and neurosurgery" }, "publication_date": "2004-09-01", "selected": false, "title": "Electrophysiological effects and clinical results of direct brain stimulation for intractable epilepsy.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD). The mechanism is poorly understood. High-frequency STN DBS has been reported to affect motor cortex excitability in a complex way, but the timing between STN stimuli and changes in motor cortical (M1) excitability has not been investigated. We examined the time course of changes in motor cortical excitability following single pulse STN DBS. We studied 14 PD patients with implanted DBS electrodes in the STN, 2 patients with electrodes in internal globus pallidus (GPi), and 1 patient with an electrode in the sensory thalamus. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was delivered to the M1 ipsilateral to the DBS with induced currents either in the anterior-posterior direction in the brain to evoke indirect (I) waves or in the lateral-medial direction to activate corticospinal axons directly. Single pulse stimulation through the DBS contacts preceded the TMS by 0-10 ms. Surface EMG was recorded from the contralateral first dorsal interosseous muscle. Three milliseconds after STN stimulation, the motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitudes produced by anterior-posterior current were significantly larger than control responses, while the responses to lateral-medial currents were unchanged. Similar facilitation also occurred after GPi stimulation, but not with thalamic stimulation. Single pulse STN stimulation facilitates the M1 at short latencies. The possible mechanisms include antidromic excitation of the cortico-STN fibers or transmission through the basal ganglia-thalamocortical pathway.", "authors": [ "Hanajima, Ritsuko", "Ashby, Peter", "Lozano, Andres M", "Lang, Anthony E", "Chen, Robert" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1152/jn.00239.2004", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 1895, "pages": "1937-43", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.1, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "0022-3077", "publisher": "American Physiological Society", "sjr": 1.067, "snip": 0.974, "subject_areas": [ "Physiology", "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Journal of neurophysiology" }, "publication_date": "2004-05-19", "selected": false, "title": "Single pulse stimulation of the human subthalamic nucleus facilitates the motor cortex at short intervals.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "The present renewal of the surgical treatment of Parkinson's disease, almost abandoned for twenty Years, arises from two main reasons. The first is the better understanding of the functional organization of the basal ganglia. It was demonstrated in animal models of Parkinson's disease that the loss of dopaminergic neurons within the substantia nigra, at the origin of the striatal dopaminergic defect, induces an overactivity of the excitatory glutamatergic subthalamo-internal pallidum pathway. The decrease in this hyperactivity might lead to an improvement in the pakinsonian symptoms. The second reason is the improvement in stereotactic neurosurgery in relation with the progress in neuroimaging techniques and with intraoperative electrophysiological microrecordings and stimulations, which help determine the location of the deep brain targets. In the 1970s chronic deep brain stimulation in humans was applied to the sensory nucleus of the thalamus for the treatment of intractable pain. In 1987, Benabid and colleagues suggested high frequency stimulation of the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus in order to treat drug-resistant tremors and to avoid the adverse effects of thalamotomies. How deep brain stimulation works is not well known but it has been hypothetized that it could change the neuronal activities and thus avoid disease-related abnormal neuronal discharges. Potential candidates for deep brain stimulation are selected according to exclusion and inclusion criteria. Surgery can be applied to patients in good general and mental health, neither depressive nor demented and who are severely disabled despite all available drug therapies but still responsive to levodopa. The first session of surgery consists in the location of the target by ventriculography and/or brain MRI. The electrodes are implanted during the second session. The last session consists in the implantation of the neurostimulator. The ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus was the first target in which chronic deep brain stimulation electrodes were implanted in order to alleviate tremor. This technique can be applied bilaterally without the adverse effects of bilateral thalamotomies. Like pallidotomy, internal globus pallidum stimulation has a dramatic beneficial effect on levodopa-induced dyskinesia but its effects on the parkinsonian triad are less constant and opposite motor effects are sometimes observed in relation with the stimulated contact. The inconstant results, perhaps related to the complexity of the structure led to the development of subthalamic nucleus stimulation. The alleviation of motor fluctuations and the improvement in all motor symptoms allows a significant decrease in levodopa daily dose and in levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Presently, deep brain stimulation is a fashionable neurosurgical technique to treat Parkinson's disease. Subthalamic nucleus stimulation seems to be the most suitable target to control the parkinsonian triad and the motor fluctuations. Because of the possible adverse effects it must be reserved for disabled parkinsonian patients. No large randomized study comparing different targets and different neurosurgical techniques has been performed yet. Such studies, including cost benefit studies would be useful to assess the respective value of these different techniques.", "authors": [ "Fraix, V", "Pollak, P", "Chabardes, S", "Ardouin, C", "Koudsie, A", "Benazzouz, A", "Krack, P", "Batir, A", "Le Bas, J-F", "Benabid, A-L" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/s0035-3787(04)70980-7", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 491, "pages": "511-21", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 4.8, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "0035-3787", "publisher": "Elsevier Masson s.r.l.", "sjr": 0.753, "snip": 1.093, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Revue neurologique" }, "publication_date": "2004-05-01", "selected": false, "title": "[Deep brain stimulation].", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Synthetic molecules bearing phosphonic acid groups can be readily attached to oxide surfaces. As part of a program in molecular-based information storage, we have developed routes for the synthesis of diverse porphyrinic compounds bearing phenylphosphonic acid tethers. The routes enable (1) incorporation of masked phosphonic acid groups in precursors for use in the rational synthesis of porphyrinic compounds and (2) derivatization of porphyrins with masked phosphonic acid groups. The precursors include dipyrromethanes, monoacyldipyrromethanes, and diacyldipyrromethanes. The tert-butyl group has been used to mask the dihydroxyphosphoryl substituent. The di-tert-butyloxyphosphoryl unit is stable to the range of conditions employed in syntheses of porphyrins and multiporphyrin arrays yet can be deprotected under mild conditions (TMS-Cl/TEA or TMS-Br/TEA in refluxing CHCl(3)) that do not cause demetalation of zinc or magnesium porphyrins. The porphyrinic compounds that have been prepared include (1) A(3)B-, trans-AB(2)C-, and ABCD-porphyrins that bear a single phenylphosphonic acid group, (2) a trans-A(2)B(2)-porphyrin bearing two phenylphosphonic acid groups, (3) a chlorin that bears a single phenylphosphonic acid group, and (4) a porphyrin dyad bearing a single phenylphosphonic acid group. For selected porphyrin-phosphonic acids, the electrochemical characteristics have been investigated for molecules tethered to SiO(2) surfaces grown on doped Si. The voltammetric behavior indicates that the porphyrin-phosphonic acids form robust, electrically well-behaved monolayers on the oxide surface.", "authors": [ "Muthukumaran, Kannan", "Loewe, Robert S", "Ambroise, Arounaguiry", "Tamaru, Shun-ichi", "Li, Qiliang", "Mathur, Guru", "Bocian, David F", "Misra, Veena", "Lindsey, Jonathan S" ], "categories": null, "citations": 73, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1021/jo034945l", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 1393, "pages": "1444-1452", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 6.8, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "0022-3263", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "sjr": 0.892, "snip": 0.885, "subject_areas": [ "Organic Chemistry" ], "title": "The Journal of organic chemistry" }, "publication_date": "2004-03-01", "selected": false, "title": "Porphyrins bearing arylphosphonic acid tethers for attachment to oxide surfaces.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=1442277643&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Voluntary actions produce suppression of neural activity in sensory areas, and reduced levels of conscious sensation. Recent computational models of motor control have linked sensory suppression to motor prediction: an efferent signal from motor areas may cancel the sensory reafferences predicted as a consequence of movement. Direct evidence for the efferent mechanism in sensory suppression has been lacking. We investigated the perceived size of finger-muscle twitches (MEPs) evoked by TMS in eight normal subjects. Subjects freely chose on each trial whether to make or withhold a voluntary flexion of the right index finger, in synchrony with an instructional stimulus. A test MEP occurred at the instructed time of action. The subject then relaxed and a second reference MEP occurred a few seconds later. Subjects judged which of the two MEPs was larger. Subjects perceived the first test MEP to be smaller in trials where they made voluntary actions than on trials where they did not, demonstrating sensory suppression. On randomly selected trials, a conditioning prepulse was delivered over the supplementary motor area (SMA) 10 ms before the pulse producing the test MEP. The SMA prepulse reduced and almost abolished the sensory suppression effect in voluntary action trials. We suggest the SMA may provide an efferent signal which is used by other brain areas to modulate somatosensory activity during self-generated movement. \u00c2\u00a9 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "authors": [ "Haggard, Patrick", "Whitford, Ben" ], "categories": null, "citations": 161, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2003.10.018", "keywords": [ "Sensorimotor integration", "Sensation", "Action", "Frontal lobes", "Human", "Motor control" ], "number_of_pages": 45, "pages": "52-58", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": null, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "0926-6410", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "sjr": 2.34, "snip": 2.001, "subject_areas": [ "Cognitive Neuroscience", "Experimental and Cognitive Psychology", "Behavioral Neuroscience" ], "title": "Brain research. Cognitive brain research" }, "publication_date": "2004-03-01", "selected": false, "title": "Supplementary motor area provides an efferent signal for sensory suppression.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=1242314870&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "In emission tomography, quantification of brain tracer uptake, metabolism or binding requires knowledge of the cerebral input function. Traditionally, this is achieved with arterial blood sampling. We propose a noninvasive alternative via the use of a blood vessel time-activity curve (TAC) extracted directly from dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) scans by cluster analysis. Five healthy subjects were injected with the 5HT(2A)-receptor ligand [(18)F]-altanserin and blood samples were subsequently taken from the radial artery and cubital vein. Eight regions-of-interest (ROI) TACs were extracted from the PET data set. Hierarchical K-means cluster analysis was performed on the PET time series to extract a cerebral vasculature ROI. The number of clusters was varied from K = 1 to 10 for the second of the two-stage method. Determination of the correct number of clusters was performed by the 'within-variance' measure and by 3D visual inspection of the homogeneity of the determined clusters. The cluster-determined input curve was then used in Logan plot analysis and compared with the arterial and venous blood samples, and additionally with one of the currently used alternatives to arterial blood sampling, the Simplified Reference Tissue Model (SRTM) and Logan analysis with cerebellar TAC as an input. There was a good agreement (P < 0.05) between the values of Distribution Volume (DV) obtained from the K-means-clustered input function and those from the arterial blood samples. This work acts as a proof-of-principle that the use of cluster analysis on a PET data set could obviate the requirement for arterial cannulation when determining the input function for kinetic modelling of ligand binding, and that this may be a superior approach as compared to the other noninvasive alternatives.", "authors": [ "Liptrot, Matthew", "Adams, Karen H", "Martiny, Lars", "Pinborg, Lars H", "Lonsdale, Markus N", "Olsen, Niels V", "Holm, S\u00f8ren", "Svarer, Claus", "Knudsen, Gitte M" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.09.058", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 391, "pages": "483-93", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 11.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1053-8119", "publisher": "Academic Press Inc.", "sjr": 2.512, "snip": 1.782, "subject_areas": [ "Cognitive Neuroscience", "Neurology" ], "title": "NeuroImage" }, "publication_date": "2004-02-01", "selected": false, "title": "Cluster analysis in kinetic modelling of the brain: a noninvasive alternative to arterial sampling.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Movement disorders remain the primary indication for the use of intracranial neurostimulation techniques. This review will discuss the history of this technology as well as the mechanisms of action, current clinical indications, and future prospects for the treatment of movement disorders.", "authors": [ "Rosenow, Joshua M", "Mogilnert, Alon Y", "Ahmed, Anwar", "Rezai, Ali R" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1179/016164104773026480", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 12, "pages": "9-20", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 4.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "0161-6412", "publisher": "Maney Publishing", "sjr": 0.543, "snip": 0.707, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Neurological research" }, "publication_date": "2004-01-01", "selected": false, "title": "Deep brain stimulation for movement disorders.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Objective: Scatter correction is an important factor in quantitative SPECT. In this study, we evaluated 2 methods of scatter correction for brain SPECT. The first is based on thresholding the energy spectrum (ES), and the second is based on a modification of the transmission-dependent convolution subtraction (TDCS) method. Methods: SPECT imaging of a skull striatal phantom was performed using a triple-head camera with and without scatter correction. The striatal compartments were filled with 123I, and the brain shell cavity (background) was filled with varying concentrations of 123I to obtain striatal-to-background ratios of 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 to 1, respectively, which were considered to be the expected ratios. SPECT-measured ratios of striatal-to-background counts were determined with scatter correction (both ES and TDCS methods) and without scatter correction and were then compared with the expected ratios. Results: Without scatter correction, measured striatal-to-background ratios were underestimated by an average of 41.7%, compared with the expected ratios. The ES method of scatter correction underestimated the striatal-to-background ratios by an average of 27.4%, a significant improvement (P < 0.04) over those without scatter correction. With the TDCS method of scatter correction, the ratios were underestimated by only 3.3% (P < 0.03). TDCS ratios were significantly (P < 0.04) higher than ES ratios and were nearly identical to the expected ratios. Conclusion: These results suggest that scatter correction significantly improves the striatal-to-background ratios. The TDCS method appears to correct scatter more effectively than does the ES method for the striatal phantom, thus providing more accurate quantification.", "authors": [ "Vines, D.C.", "Ichise, M.", "Liow, J.-S.", "Toyama, H.", "Innis, R.B." ], "categories": null, "citations": 8, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus" ], "doi": null, "keywords": [ "Striatal phantom", "Scatter correction", "Brain SPECT" ], "number_of_pages": 4, "pages": "157-160", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 2.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "00914916", "publisher": "Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging", "sjr": 0.316, "snip": 0.576, "subject_areas": [ "Radiological and Ultrasound Technology", "Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging" ], "title": "Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology" }, "publication_date": "2003-09-01", "selected": false, "title": "Evaluation of 2 scatter correction methods using a striatal phantom for quantitative brain SPECT", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=1542547223&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "UNLABELLED AN ALTERNATIVE TO SUBSTITUTE THERAPY: For more than ten years, there has been renewed interest in the surgical treatment of Parkinson's disease; notably in the stimulation of the sub-thalamic nucleus (STN).\nINDICATIONS METHODS Subthalamic neurostimulation is suitable for patients severely disabled by idiopathic Parkinson's disease despite optimal medical treatment, but sensitive to L-dopa, without cognitive or psychiatric disorders and axial symptoms.\nIN PRACTICE CONCLUSIONS The strict respect of the selection criteria and accurate electrode placement lead to major improvement in the Parkinsonian symptoms and the patients' quality of life. There is, however, a risk of postoperative complications, notably psychiatric which may require referral to a specialist.", "authors": [ "Drapier, Sophie", "Damier, Philippe" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": null, "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 1326, "pages": "1334-9", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 1.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "0755-4982", "publisher": "Elsevier Masson s.r.l.", "sjr": 0.382, "snip": 0.434, "subject_areas": [ "Medicine (all)" ], "title": "Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983)" }, "publication_date": "2003-09-01", "selected": false, "title": "[Continuous subthalamic neurostimulation in Parkinson's disease. Indications and modalities].", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "PURPOSE OF REVIEW OBJECTIVE Recent advances in epilepsy surgery have developed a resurgence of interest in the use of surgical techniques for the treatment of intractable epilepsy.\nRECENT FINDINGS RESULTS More invasive procedures such as hemispherectomy and multiple subpial transection have become more popular. Disconnective techniques such as multiple subpial transection have provided a surgical option for patients whose epileptogenic zone resides in the eloquent cortex. Alternatively, new minimally invasive neurostimulation therapies have been introduced to preserve maximal cerebral tissue. Radiosurgery has been recently utilized in the treatment of epilepsy with preliminary promising results.\nSUMMARY CONCLUSIONS In this analysis, the authors will attempt to review the more recent surgical approaches and their indications for the treatment of medically intractable epilepsy. For patients with the epileptogenic zone in the noneloquent cortex, seizure focus resection remains the most reasonable approach to therapy.", "authors": [ "Cohen-Gadol, Aaron A", "Stoffman, Michael R", "Spencer, Dennis D" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1097/01.wco.0000063773.81810.fe", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 205, "pages": "213-9", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 10.0, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1350-7540", "publisher": "Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Ltd.", "sjr": 1.701, "snip": 1.874, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Current opinion in neurology" }, "publication_date": "2003-04-01", "selected": false, "title": "Emerging surgical and radiotherapeutic techniques for treating epilepsy.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Alternative methods, for the treatment of medically refractory epileptic patients, who cannot be treated by resective surgery, such as chronic deep brain neurostimulation, are under development. Such methods have been used in the cerebellum, various thalamic nuclei, and in the caudate nucleus. In Grenoble, encouraged by the suppressive effects of pharmacological or electrical inhibition of the STN on different types of seizure in animal models of epilepsy, and by our experience with STN high frequency stimulation (HFS) in patients with movement disorders, we have evaluated the high frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN HFS). STN HFS was performed in five patients suffering from medically intractable seizures and considered unsuitable for resective surgery. A 67% to 80% reduction in seizure frequency was observed in three patients, with a partial symptomatic epilepsy of the central region. An additional patient suffering from severe myoclonic epilepsy (Dravet syndrome) also responded to STN HFS, with a weaker reduction of seizure frequency. The fifth patient who suffered from an autosomal dominant frontal lobe epilepsy with insulo-frontal seizures did not show any improvement. These results suggest that stimulation of STN could be a promising treatment for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy who would not benefit from conventional surgery.", "authors": [ "Chabard\u00e8s, St\u00e9phan", "Kahane, Philippe", "Minotti, Lorella", "Koudsie, Adnan", "Hirsch, Edouard", "Benabid, Alim-Louis" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": null, "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "S83-93", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1294-9361", "publisher": "John Wiley & Sons Inc.", "sjr": 0.779, "snip": 0.816, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape" }, "publication_date": "2002-12-01", "selected": false, "title": "Deep brain stimulation in epilepsy with particular reference to the subthalamic nucleus.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Recent technical advances have made it possible to reveal some of the inputs that drive spinal motoneurones during normal human walking. These techniques are based either on a temporary removal of the drive to the motoneurones or on an analysis of the coupling of motor unit activity. During walking a sudden unloading of the plantarflexor muscles leads to a pronounced drop in the soleus EMG activity. This unloading effect is caused by cessation of activity in the sensory afferents, which mediate positive feedback from the active muscles in the stance phase. Somewhat surprisingly the drop in EMG activity following unloading is still observed when Ia afferents are blocked, suggesting that these afferents do not make an important contribution to the motoneuronal drive. It would seem that gr. Ib and/or gr. II afferents are the main contributors to the positive feedback. It has been known for a long time that transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) at low intensities may selectively activate local inhibitory circuits in the cortex. At such low intensities TMS applied over the motor cortex may thus inhibit the output from the cortex. The removal of the corticospinal drive in this way may be revealed as a drop in EMG activity from the active muscle. During walking TMS may evoke such a drop in EMG activity from the active muscles, which demonstrates that the corticospinal tract makes a contribution to the muscle activity. Time- and frequency domain analysis of motor unit activity have been shown to be effective tools in the analysis of synaptic drive to spinal motoneurones during tonic voluntary contraction. Applying these techniques to human walking reveals that motor units recorded from the same muscle or from close synergists show short-term synchrony and coherence in the 15-20 Hz frequency band. However, motor units from muscles acting at different joints show no coupling. This suggests that leg muscles are generally activated relatively independently of each other during human walking. These techniques show great promises for revealing changes in the sensory and corticospinal drive to motoneurones in relation to different tasks as well as in patients after injury to the central motor system. \u00c2\u00a9 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.", "authors": [ "Nielsen, J.B." ], "categories": null, "citations": 57, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus" ], "doi": "10.1016/S0165-0173(02)00201-1", "keywords": [ "Spinal cord", "Corticospinal tract", "Sensory afferents", "Motoneuron", "Walking" ], "number_of_pages": 10, "pages": "192-201", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": null, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "01650173", "publisher": "Elsevier", "sjr": 3.014, "snip": 2.526, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Brain Research Reviews" }, "publication_date": "2002-10-01", "selected": false, "title": "Motoneuronal drive during human walking", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=0036824294&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Recent technical advances have made it possible to reveal some of the inputs that drive spinal motoneurones during normal human walking. These techniques are based either on a temporary removal of the drive to the motoneurones or on an analysis of the coupling of motor unit activity. During walking a sudden unloading of the plantarflexor muscles leads to a pronounced drop in the soleus EMG activity. This unloading effect is caused by cessation of activity in the sensory afferents, which mediate positive feedback from the active muscles in the stance phase. Somewhat surprisingly the drop in EMG activity following unloading is still observed when Ia afferents are blocked, suggesting that these afferents do not make an important contribution to the motoneuronal drive. It would seem that gr. Ib and/or gr. II afferents are the main contributors to the positive feedback. It has been known for a long time that transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) at low intensities may selectively activate local inhibitory circuits in the cortex. At such low intensities TMS applied over the motor cortex may thus inhibit the output from the cortex. The removal of the corticospinal drive in this way may be revealed as a drop in EMG activity from the active muscle. During walking TMS may evoke such a drop in EMG activity from the active muscles, which demonstrates that the corticospinal tract makes a contribution to the muscle activity. Time- and frequency domain analysis of motor unit activity have been shown to be effective tools in the analysis of synaptic drive to spinal motoneurones during tonic voluntary contraction. Applying these techniques to human walking reveals that motor units recorded from the same muscle or from close synergists show short-term synchrony and coherence in the 15-20 Hz frequency band. However, motor units from muscles acting at different joints show no coupling. This suggests that leg muscles are generally activated relatively independently of each other during human walking. These techniques show great promises for revealing changes in the sensory and corticospinal drive to motoneurones in relation to different tasks as well as in patients after injury to the central motor system.", "authors": [ "Bo Nielsen, Jens" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/s0165-0173(02)00201-1", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 10, "pages": "192-201", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": null, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": null, "publisher": null, "sjr": null, "snip": null, "subject_areas": [], "title": "Brain research. Brain research reviews" }, "publication_date": "2002-10-01", "selected": false, "title": "Motoneuronal drive during human walking.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation of the internal global pallidus (GPi) and the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has become a treatment alternative in advanced PD. Although the effects of GPi stimulation have been examined recently, little is known about STN stimulation effects on motor cortex excitability.\nMETHODS METHODS The effects of STN stimulation were studied in eight patients with advanced PD using paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in comparison with healthy control subjects. Motor evoked potentials following paired-pulse TMS (interstimulus interval 3 ms to test for corticocortical inhibition vs 13 ms for facilitation) have been recorded from the extensor carpi radialis and its functional antagonist, the flexor carpi radialis muscle. Silent period (SP) was also determined. Patients were examined under four conditions: medication \"off\"/stimulator \"off\" vs medication \"on\"/stimulator \"off\" vs medication \"off\"/stimulator \"on\" vs medication \"on\"/stimulator \"on.\"\nRESULTS RESULTS Although the mean values for intracortical inhibition (ICI) were not significantly different, data variation was smaller and levels of significance higher with the STN stimulator switched \"on,\" suggesting that ICI was more consistent. SP during stimulator \"on\"/medication \"on\" was longer than during stimulator \"off\"/medication \"off.\" Motor performance as indicated by a finger-tapping test and Unified PD Rating Scale III was significantly better with dopaminergic medication and further improved with stimulator \"on.\"\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS Results suggest an effect of subthalamic nucleus stimulation on intracortical inhibitory mechanisms. This hypothesis could at least partially explain a more consistent depression of motor evoked potentials following inhibiting paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation, a longer silent period (under stimulator \"on\"/medication \"on\"), and a reduction of akinesia and rigidity leading to a better motor performance in subthalamic nucleus-stimulated patients.", "authors": [ "D\u00e4uper, J", "Peschel, T", "Schrader, C", "Kohlmetz, C", "Joppich, G", "Nager, W", "Dengler, R", "Rollnik, J D" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1212/wnl.59.5.700", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 695, "pages": "700-6", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 12.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "0028-3878", "publisher": "Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Ltd.", "sjr": 2.537, "snip": 2.47, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)" ], "title": "Neurology" }, "publication_date": "2002-09-01", "selected": false, "title": "Effects of subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation on motor cortex excitability.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Neurostimulation therapy for epilepsy is growing in popularity. By appropriate targeting of applied electrical activation at selected nervous system sites, antiseizure effects may be achieved without the common sedative side effects of antiepileptic medications. Risks of neurostimulation therapy are those associated with the device implantation surgical procedures. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) reduces seizures by 45% and has been employed in over 13,000 patients worldwide. New reports suggest VNS is particularly beneficial for patients with Lennox-Gastuat syndome. VNS also reduces sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. New publications describing small, uncontrolled case series also suggest deep brain stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation may develop into effective antiepileptic therapies in the future.", "authors": [ "Labar, Douglas", "Dean, Andy" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1007/s11910-002-0011-8", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 294, "pages": "357-64", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 9.8, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1528-4042", "publisher": "Current Medicine Group", "sjr": 1.506, "snip": 2.075, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Current neurology and neuroscience reports" }, "publication_date": "2002-07-01", "selected": false, "title": "Neurostimulation therapy for epilepsy.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND BACKGROUND Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies have found abnormalities in several excitatory and inhibitory circuits in the motor cortex in PD. These include motor evoked potential (MEP) recruitment curve, silent period duration (SP), short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), intracortical facilitation (ICF), and long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI).\nMETHODS METHODS The authors studied the effects of subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) on these circuits in 12 patients with PD treated with STN DBS. Data from nine patients who completed the study were analyzed. Patients remained on their usual medications. The stimulators were set at the optimal parameters (ON), half the optimal amplitude (HALF), and switched off (OFF) in random order.\nRESULTS RESULTS The Unified PD Rating Scale motor scores were significantly lower in the ON compared to the HALF and OFF conditions. Resting SICI, studied with paired-pulse TMS at interstimulus interval of 2 ms, was reduced in the OFF and HALF conditions compared to normal subjects. STN stimulation restored SICI to normal levels. STN stimulation had no effect on motor threshold, MEP recruitment curve, SP, active SICI, ICF, and LICI.\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS Although restoration of short-interval intracortical inhibition by STN stimulation is similar to the effects of dopaminergic drugs, it has no effect on silent period duration and long-interval intracortical inhibition, which are also influenced by dopaminergic drugs. A previous study found that internal globus pallidus (GPi) stimulation reduced SP but did not change SICI. Thus, GPi and STN stimulation may affect different circuits in the motor cortex.", "authors": [ "Cunic, D", "Roshan, L", "Khan, F I", "Lozano, A M", "Lang, A E", "Chen, R" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1212/wnl.58.11.1665", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 1594, "pages": "1665-72", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 12.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "0028-3878", "publisher": "Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Ltd.", "sjr": 2.537, "snip": 2.47, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)" ], "title": "Neurology" }, "publication_date": "2002-06-01", "selected": false, "title": "Effects of subthalamic nucleus stimulation on motor cortex excitability in Parkinson's disease.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been established as an alternative approach for the treatment of advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). Recently, the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has been identified as the optimal target for DBS.\nMETHODS METHODS Thirty-eight patients have undergone surgery for advanced PD since 1996. They include 12 females and 26 males with a mean age of 55.6 years. The mean stage on the Hoehn and Yahr Scale was 3.5 (off condition). Electrodes (Medtronic DBS 31389) were stereotactically implanted into the STN bilaterally. Targeting was performed using computerized tomography (CT) scans and ventriculography (VG). After 4 days of external stimulation, permanent neurostimulators were implanted. Patients were evaluated preoperatively and 1, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Evaluations were performed in defined on and off states using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) as well as the Hoehn and Yahr Scale, the dyskinesia scale, and the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Scale.\nRESULTS RESULTS Significant improvement of all motor symptoms was found in all patients (UPDRS motor score 32/48 preoperatively versus 15/30 at 12-month follow-up, p < 0.001). Daily off-times were reduced by 35%. Dyskinesias also improved markedly (UPDRS IV: 3.2/3.1 [on/off] vs. 0.9/1.3 at 12 months follow-up). Postoperative L-dopa medication was adjusted (mean reduction: 53%). Complications occurred in two patients (5%) who developed infections, leading to system removal. Systems were replaced after 6 months. Two patients (5%) had a permanent worsening of a previously known depressive state and developed progressive dementia.\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS TN stimulation is a relatively safe procedure for treating advanced PD. The possibility of readjusting the stimulation parameters postoperatively improves the therapeutic outcome and reduces side effects in comparison to ablative methods.", "authors": [ "Vesper, J", "Klostermann, F", "Stockhammer, F", "Funk, Th", "Brock, M" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/s0090-3019(02)00691-2", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": null, "pages": "306-11; discussion 311-3", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": null, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "0090-3019", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "sjr": 2.537, "snip": 2.47, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Surgery" ], "title": "Surgical neurology" }, "publication_date": "2002-05-01", "selected": false, "title": "Results of chronic subthalamic nucleus stimulation for Parkinson's disease: a 1-year follow-up study.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVE In 3 of 5 patients with dystonia and bilaterally implanted deep brain stimulating electrodes, focal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of one motor cortex elicited bilateral hand motor responses. The aim of this study was to clarify the origin of these ipsilateral responses.\nMETHODS METHODS TMS and electrical stimulation of corticospinal fibres by the implanted electrodes were performed and the evoked hand motor potentials were analysed.\nRESULTS RESULTS In comparison with responses elicited by contralateral motor cortex stimulation, ipsilateral responses were smaller in amplitude (3.0+/-1.4 versus 5.8+/-1.5 mV), had shorter peak latencies (first negative peak: 20.9+/-0.8 versus 25.1+/-0.4 ms) and were followed by a shorter-lasting silent period (46+/-4 versus 195+/-35 ms). Ipsilateral responses following TMS had similar peak latencies to responses elicited subcortically by deep brain stimulation (DBS) (20.4+/-0.9 ms).\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS Hand motor responses ipsilateral to TMS result from a subcortical activation of corticospinal fibres, via the implanted electrode in the other hemisphere, secondary to currents induced by TMS in subcutaneous wire loops that underlie the magnetic coil. Studies of TMS in patients with DBS have to take this potential source of confounding into account.", "authors": [ "K\u00fchn, A A", "Trottenberg, T", "Kupsch, A", "Meyer, B-U" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/s1388-2457(01)00731-3", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 337, "pages": "341-5", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 7.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1388-2457", "publisher": "Elsevier Ireland Ltd", "sjr": 1.212, "snip": 1.482, "subject_areas": [ "Physiology (medical)", "Neurology (clinical)", "Sensory Systems", "Neurology" ], "title": "Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology" }, "publication_date": "2002-03-01", "selected": false, "title": "Pseudo-bilateral hand motor responses evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with deep brain stimulators.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "BACKGROUND BACKGROUND Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a relatively new technique for inducing small, localized, and reversible changes in living brain tissue. Although transcranial magnetic stimulation generally results in no immediate changes in plasma corticosterone, prolactin, and testosterone, it normalizes the dexamethasone suppression test in some depressed subjects and has been shown to attenuate stress-induced increases in adrenocorticotropic hormone in rats.\nMETHODS METHODS In this study, serum corticosterone and testosterone concentrations were assayed in male rats immediately and 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, and 48 hours following a single transcranial magnetic stimulation or sham application. Serum prolactin concentrations were determined immediately and 2 hours following a one-time application of either transcranial magnetic stimulation or sham.\nRESULTS RESULTS Transcranial magnetic stimulation animals displayed significantly lower corticosterone concentrations at 6 and 24 hours following a single application compared with sham-control values. Transcranial magnetic stimulation also resulted in lower corticosterone concentrations numerically but not statistically in transcranial magnetic stimulation animals immediately after application (p =.089). No significant differences were found between groups for serum prolactin or testosterone levels at any given collection time point.\nCONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS These findings 1) suggest that transcranial magnetic stimulation alters the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress axis and 2) provide time-course data for the implications of the hormonal mechanism that may be involved in the actions of transcranial magnetic stimulation.", "authors": [ "Hedges, Dawson W", "Salyer, David L", "Higginbotham, Brian J", "Lund, Trent D", "Hellewell, James L", "Ferguson, David", "Lephart, Edwin D" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01266-5", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 397, "pages": "417-21", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 19.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "0006-3223", "publisher": "Elsevier USA", "sjr": 3.768, "snip": 2.412, "subject_areas": [ "Biological Psychiatry" ], "title": "Biological psychiatry" }, "publication_date": "2002-03-01", "selected": false, "title": "Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) effects on testosterone, prolactin, and corticosterone in adult male rats.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Several Ni(II) \u00ce\u00b1-diimine complexes have been synthesized and examined for ethylene and propylene polymerization in combination with different aluminum co-catalysts. The precatalysts used in the study were [ArN=C(Nap)-C(Nap)-C(Nap)=NAr]NiBr2 (Nap = 1,8-naphthdiyl) (1, Ar = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl; 2, Ar = 2-tBu phenyl; 3, Ar = 2-iPr phenyl). These complexes were synthesized via a one-pot reaction where the ligand is formed via an acid catalyzed condensation followed by direct addition of nickel(II) bromide. The complexes were also prepared by a two-step procedure where the ligand was first formed by condensation between the appropriate aniline and acenapthoquinone, and the resulting ligand was then allowed to react with (1,2-dimethoxyethane) nickel(II) dibromide. X-ray structural studies of complexes 1 and 2 have been carried out. Diethylaluminum chloride (DEAC), and 1,3-dichloro-1,3-diisobutyldialuminoxane (DCDAO) show higher activities for ethylene and propylene polymerizations in combination with these Ni(II) \u00ce\u00b1-diimine complexes than does polymethylaluminoxane (MAO). The molecular weight of the resulting polymers as well as their respective polydispersities and Tms are also presented. The polypropylenes obtained with 1/DEAC and 2/DEAC at 0 \u00c2\u00b0C show similar rr triad percentage as previously reported for polypropylenes generated by MAO activated Ni(II) \u00ce\u00b1-diimine complexes. \u00c2\u00a9 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.", "authors": [ "Maldanis, R.J.", "Wood, J.S.", "Chandrasekaran, A.", "Rausch, M.D.", "Chien, J.C.W." ], "categories": null, "citations": 126, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus" ], "doi": "10.1016/S0022-328X(01)01340-7", "keywords": [ "Polyethylene", "Nickel", "Diimine", "Polypropylene" ], "number_of_pages": 10, "pages": "158-167", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 4.4, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "0022328X", "publisher": "Elsevier", "sjr": 0.395, "snip": 0.593, "subject_areas": [ "Biochemistry", "Physical and Theoretical Chemistry", "Inorganic Chemistry", "Organic Chemistry", "Materials Chemistry" ], "title": "Journal of Organometalic Chemistry" }, "publication_date": "2002-02-18", "selected": false, "title": "The formation and polymerization behavior of Ni(II) \u03b1-diimine complexes using various aluminum activators", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=0036165738&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "We report on the effects of bilateral neurostimulation of the ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus (VIM) in a patient with medically intractable and progressing inherited myoclonus dystonia syndrome (IMDS). Postoperatively, the patient improved by approximately 80% on the modified version of a myoclonus score without any significant change in the dystonic symptoms. This suggests that neurostimulation of the VIM may be an effective treatment for myoclonus in pharmacologically intractable IMDS.", "authors": [ "Trottenberg, T", "Meissner, W", "Kabus, C", "Arnold, G", "Funk, T", "Einhaupl, K M", "Kupsch, A" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1002/mds.1119", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 699, "pages": "769-71", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 13.7, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "0885-3185", "publisher": "John Wiley & Sons Inc.", "sjr": 2.602, "snip": 1.981, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Neurology" ], "title": "Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society" }, "publication_date": "2001-07-01", "selected": false, "title": "Neurostimulation of the ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus in inherited myoclonus-dystonia syndrome.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-induced corticospinal volleys can be investigated in detail by analysing the firing pattern modulation of active motor units (MUs) at close to threshold stimulation strengths. In amyotropic lateral sclerosis (ALS) these volleys are dispersed and prolonged, attributed to altered motor cortical excitability. Impaired intracortical inhibition, as found in ALS, is not unique to this disease, but is also a well-established finding in Parkinson's disease (PD). The present study explored whether reduced inhibition in the motor cortex in PD is accompanied by similar changes in motor unit firing modulation by TMS as are found in ALS. TMS was applied to the contralateral motor cortex during a low-force voluntary elbow flexion while 126-channel surface electromyography (SEMG) was recorded from the brachial biceps muscle. A recently developed method for SEMG decomposition was used to extract the firing pattern of up to five simultaneously active MUs. Sixteen MUs in 7 PD patients and 17 MUs in 5 healthy control subjects were analysed and peristimulus time histograms (PSTHs) and interspike interval change functions (IICFs) were calculated. The IICF provides an estimate of the modulation of the postsynaptic membrane potential at the spinal motoneuron, evoked by the stimulus. In PD the duration of the PSTH peak was significantly increased and the synchrony was decreased. The excitatory phase at 20-50 ms of the IICF was broader in PD, reflecting a longer duration of the TMS-evoked excitatory postsynaptic potential. It is proposed that these results are due to prolonged corticospinal volleys resulting from impaired intracortical inhibition.", "authors": [ "Kleine, B U", "Praamstra, P", "Stegeman, D F", "Zwarts, M J" ], "categories": null, "citations": 50, "comments": null, "databases": [ "Scopus", "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1007/s002210100731", "keywords": [ "Cortical excitability", "Motor unit firing", "High-density surface electromyography", "Transcranial magnetic stimulation", "Parkinson's disease" ], "number_of_pages": 395, "pages": "477-483", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 3.5, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "0014-4819", "publisher": "Springer Verlag", "sjr": 0.662, "snip": 0.85, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Experimental brain research" }, "publication_date": "2001-06-01", "selected": false, "title": "Impaired motor cortical inhibition in Parkinson's disease: motor unit responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation.", "urls": [ "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=0034997280&origin=inward" ] }, { "abstract": "Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus is an established therapeutic strategy for patients with Parkinson's disease. Although the exact mechanisms of action remain unknown, it is noteworthy that dopaminergic medication can be markedly reduced after neurostimulation of the subthalamic nucleus. Previously, we have shown that deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus is followed by an increase of striatal extracellular dopamine metabolites in naive rats. In the present study we examined the effects of deep brain stimulation on striatal monoamine metabolism in the intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of Parkinson's disease. Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus was followed by a delayed increase of extracellular 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic and homovanillic whereas dopamine levels were unchanged in stimulated rats and controls. Our results indicate that deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus affects significantly striatal dopaminergic metabolism in 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned rats.", "authors": [ "Meissner, W", "Reum, T", "Paul, G", "Harnack, D", "Sohr, R", "Morgenstern, R", "Kupsch, A" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1016/s0304-3940(01)01758-x", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 158, "pages": "165-8", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 5.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "0304-3940", "publisher": "Elsevier Ireland Ltd", "sjr": 0.802, "snip": 0.777, "subject_areas": [ "Neuroscience (all)" ], "title": "Neuroscience letters" }, "publication_date": "2001-05-01", "selected": false, "title": "Striatal dopaminergic metabolism is increased by deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned rats.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "A 70 year old woman presented with a 6 year history of medically refractory severe tardive dystonia. After informed consent, a bilateral stereotactic electrode placement targeting the ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus (VIM) and the globus pallidus internus (GPi) was performed. After bilateral stimulation of the GPi, the patient showed a clear and stable improvement of the painful dystonic syndrome within hours. Stimulation of the VIM did not improve the hyperkinetic movements and simultaneous stimulation of both the GPi and the VIM did not result in any additional benefit. The possible pathophysiological mechanisms are discussed.", "authors": [ "Trottenberg, T", "Paul, G", "Meissner, W", "Maier-Hauff, K", "Taschner, C", "Kupsch, A" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1136/jnnp.70.4.557", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 549, "pages": "557-9", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 15.9, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "0022-3050", "publisher": "BMJ Publishing Group", "sjr": 3.178, "snip": 2.878, "subject_areas": [ "Neurology (clinical)", "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Surgery" ], "title": "Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry" }, "publication_date": "2001-04-01", "selected": false, "title": "Pallidal and thalamic neurostimulation in severe tardive dystonia.", "urls": [] }, { "abstract": "Major depressive episodes are associated with dysregulation of various physiologic systems. Antidepressant medications alter regulation of the hormonal and sleep systems. A thorough understanding of these changes may elucidate the pathophysiologic basis of the disorder [Amsterdam et al., 1989: Psychoneuroendocrinology 14:43-62], and interventions targeted directly at these systems are being increasingly recognized as possible treatments for depression [Wong et al., 2000: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:325-330; Szuba et al., 1996: Proc Am Coll Neuropsychopharmacol Ann Meet]. These physiologic systems are regulated by the major neurotransmitters implicated in the etiology of mood disorders--norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine. Many of the hormones of import for this article also act as neurotransmitters and thus alter cerebral activity themselves [Owens and Nemeroff, 1993: Ciba Found Symp 172:296-308; Weitzner, 1998: Psychother Psychosom 67:125-132]. Parenteral infusion of hydrocortisone [DeBattista, 2000: Am J Psychiatry 157:1334-1337] and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) [Prange et al., 1972: Lancet 2:999-1002; Marangell et al., 1997: Arch Gen Psychiatry 54:214-222; Szuba, 1996: Proc Am Coll Neuropsychopharmacol Ann Meet.] produce acute antidepressant effects. Antagonists to corticotropin-releasing hormone and repeated parenteral infusion of TRH may have antidepressant activity when given during several weeks [Wong, 2000: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:325-330; Arborelius et al., 1999: J Endocrinol 160:1-12; Callahan et al., 1997: Biol Psychiatry 41:264-272]. Manipulations of the sleep system through sleep deprivation can ameliorate depression [Szuba et al., 1994: Psychiatry Res 51:283-295; see Wirz-Justice et al., 1999: Biol Psychiatry 46:445-453 for review]. Sleep deprivation has been shown in more than three dozen studies published in the last three decades to produce marked, acute antidepressant effects in the majority of depressed individuals [Wirz-Justice, et al., 1999: Biol Psychiatry 46:445-453]. Thus, examination of the effects the two nonpharmacologic treatments, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), produce in these physiologic systems may help elucidate their mechanisms of action, while enhancing understanding of the neurobiology of depressive illness. We will review these physiologic changes associated with depression, the effects that manipulations of these systems can have on depressive disorders, and then describe the effects the two techniques that can stimulate the human brain in vivo, ECT and TMS, exert on these systems.", "authors": [ "Szuba, M P", "O'Reardon, J P", "Evans, D L" ], "categories": null, "citations": null, "comments": null, "databases": [ "PubMed" ], "doi": "10.1002/1520-6394(2000)12:3<170::AID-DA9>3.0.CO;2-M", "keywords": [], "number_of_pages": 164, "pages": "170-7", "publication": { "category": "Journal", "cite_score": 12.6, "is_potentially_predatory": false, "isbn": null, "issn": "1091-4269", "publisher": "Hindawi Limited", "sjr": 2.572, "snip": 2.336, "subject_areas": [ "Psychiatry and Mental Health", "Clinical Psychology" ], "title": "Depression and anxiety" }, "publication_date": "2000-01-01", "selected": false, "title": "Physiological effects of electroconvulsive therapy and transcranial magnetic stimulation in major depression.", "urls": [] } ], "processed_at": "2024-01-05 08:40:26", "publication_types": null, "query": "([neurostimulation] OR [TMS] OR [tDCS] OR [tACS]) AND ([synchrony] OR [interpersonal synchrony] OR [interpersonal neural synchrony] OR [interbrain] OR [hyperscanning] OR [brain-to-brain] OR [cross-brain] OR [dyad] OR [two-person] OR [triad] OR [three-person])", "since": "2000-01-01", "until": "2023-12-31" }

Scheduled service maintenance on November 22

Supplementary_Material_Files_S1.json 1.7 MB História Download

Supplementary_Material_Files_S1.json 1.7 MB

História Download