Summary

Anatomical

Anatomical Conformation

Brain mask and brain tissue segmentation of the T1w

This panel shows the final, preprocessed T1-weighted image, with contours delineating the detected brain mask and brain tissue segmentations.

Get figure file: sub-11/figures/sub-11_acq-denoised_dseg.svg

Spatial normalization of the anatomical T1w reference

Results of nonlinear alignment of the T1w reference one or more template space(s). Hover on the panels with the mouse pointer to transition between both spaces.

Spatial normalization of the T1w image to the MNI152NLin2009cAsym template.

Problem loading figure sub-11/figures/sub-11_acq-denoised_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.
Get figure file: sub-11/figures/sub-11_acq-denoised_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg

Surface reconstruction

Surfaces (white and pial) reconstructed with FreeSurfer (recon-all) overlaid on the participant's T1w template.

Get figure file: sub-11/figures/sub-11_acq-denoised_desc-reconall_T1w.svg

About

Methods

We kindly ask to report results preprocessed with this tool using the following boilerplate.

Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed using fMRIPrep 24.1.0.dev28+gfe7c9ff8.d20240822 (Esteban et al. (2019); Esteban et al. (2018); RRID:SCR_016216), which is based on Nipype 1.8.6 (K. Gorgolewski et al. (2011); K. J. Gorgolewski et al. (2018); RRID:SCR_002502).

Anatomical data preprocessing

A total of 1 T1-weighted (T1w) images were found within the input BIDS dataset. The T1w image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU) with N4BiasFieldCorrection (Tustison et al. 2010), distributed with ANTs 2.5.1 (Avants et al. 2008, RRID:SCR_004757), and used as T1w-reference throughout the workflow. The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with a Nipype implementation of the antsBrainExtraction.sh workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs as target template. Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on the brain-extracted T1w using fast (FSL 6.0.7.12, RRID:SCR_002823, Zhang, Brady, and Smith 2001). Brain surfaces were reconstructed using recon-all (FreeSurfer 7.3.2, RRID:SCR_001847, Dale, Fischl, and Sereno 1999), and the brain mask estimated previously was refined with a custom variation of the method to reconcile ANTs-derived and FreeSurfer-derived segmentations of the cortical gray-matter of Mindboggle (RRID:SCR_002438, Klein et al. 2017). A T2-weighted image was used to improve pial surface refinement. Brain surfaces were reconstructed using recon-all (FreeSurfer 7.3.2, RRID:SCR_001847, Dale, Fischl, and Sereno 1999), and the brain mask estimated previously was refined with a custom variation of the method to reconcile ANTs-derived and FreeSurfer-derived segmentations of the cortical gray-matter of Mindboggle (RRID:SCR_002438, Klein et al. 2017). Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through nonlinear registration with antsRegistration (ANTs 2.5.1), using brain-extracted versions of both T1w reference and the T1w template. The following template was were selected for spatial normalization and accessed with TemplateFlow (24.2.0, Ciric et al. 2022): ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c [Fonov et al. (2009), RRID:SCR_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym].

Many internal operations of fMRIPrep use Nilearn 0.10.4 (Abraham et al. 2014, RRID:SCR_001362), mostly within the functional processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see the section corresponding to workflows in fMRIPrep’s documentation.

The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep with the express intention that users should copy and paste this text into their manuscripts unchanged. It is released under the CC0 license.

References

Abraham, Alexandre, Fabian Pedregosa, Michael Eickenberg, Philippe Gervais, Andreas Mueller, Jean Kossaifi, Alexandre Gramfort, Bertrand Thirion, and Gael Varoquaux. 2014. “Machine Learning for Neuroimaging with Scikit-Learn.” Frontiers in Neuroinformatics 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014.
Avants, B. B., C. L. Epstein, M. Grossman, and J. C. Gee. 2008. “Symmetric Diffeomorphic Image Registration with Cross-Correlation: Evaluating Automated Labeling of Elderly and Neurodegenerative Brain.” Medical Image Analysis 12 (1): 26–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004.
Ciric, R., William H. Thompson, R. Lorenz, M. Goncalves, E. MacNicol, C. J. Markiewicz, Y. O. Halchenko, et al. 2022. TemplateFlow: FAIR-Sharing of Multi-Scale, Multi-Species Brain Models.” Nature Methods 19: 1568–71. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-022-01681-2.
Dale, Anders M., Bruce Fischl, and Martin I. Sereno. 1999. “Cortical Surface-Based Analysis: I. Segmentation and Surface Reconstruction.” NeuroImage 9 (2): 179–94. https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.1998.0395.
Esteban, Oscar, Ross Blair, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Shoshana L. Berleant, Craig Moodie, Feilong Ma, Ayse Ilkay Isik, et al. 2018. “fMRIPrep 24.1.0.dev28+gfe7c9ff8.d20240822.” Software. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852659.
Esteban, Oscar, Christopher Markiewicz, Ross W Blair, Craig Moodie, Ayse Ilkay Isik, Asier Erramuzpe Aliaga, James Kent, et al. 2019. fMRIPrep: A Robust Preprocessing Pipeline for Functional MRI.” Nature Methods 16: 111–16. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4.
Fonov, VS, AC Evans, RC McKinstry, CR Almli, and DL Collins. 2009. “Unbiased Nonlinear Average Age-Appropriate Brain Templates from Birth to Adulthood.” NeuroImage 47, Supplement 1: S102. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5.
Gorgolewski, K., C. D. Burns, C. Madison, D. Clark, Y. O. Halchenko, M. L. Waskom, and S. Ghosh. 2011. “Nipype: A Flexible, Lightweight and Extensible Neuroimaging Data Processing Framework in Python.” Frontiers in Neuroinformatics 5: 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2011.00013.
Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J., Oscar Esteban, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Erik Ziegler, David Gage Ellis, Michael Philipp Notter, Dorota Jarecka, et al. 2018. “Nipype.” Software. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596855.
Klein, Arno, Satrajit S. Ghosh, Forrest S. Bao, Joachim Giard, Yrjö Häme, Eliezer Stavsky, Noah Lee, et al. 2017. “Mindboggling Morphometry of Human Brains.” PLOS Computational Biology 13 (2): e1005350. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005350.
Tustison, N. J., B. B. Avants, P. A. Cook, Y. Zheng, A. Egan, P. A. Yushkevich, and J. C. Gee. 2010. “N4ITK: Improved N3 Bias Correction.” IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 29 (6): 1310–20. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908.
Zhang, Y., M. Brady, and S. Smith. 2001. “Segmentation of Brain MR Images Through a Hidden Markov Random Field Model and the Expectation-Maximization Algorithm.” IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 20 (1): 45–57. https://doi.org/10.1109/42.906424.
Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing
performed using *fMRIPrep* 24.1.0.dev28+gfe7c9ff8.d20240822
(@fmriprep1; @fmriprep2; RRID:SCR_016216),
which is based on *Nipype* 1.8.6
(@nipype1; @nipype2; RRID:SCR_002502).


Anatomical data preprocessing

: A total of 1 T1-weighted (T1w) images were found within the input
BIDS dataset. The T1w image was corrected for intensity
non-uniformity (INU) with `N4BiasFieldCorrection` [@n4], distributed with ANTs 2.5.1
[@ants, RRID:SCR_004757], and used as T1w-reference throughout the workflow.
The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with a *Nipype* implementation of
the `antsBrainExtraction.sh` workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs
as target template.
Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),
white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on
the brain-extracted T1w using `fast` [FSL 6.0.7.12, RRID:SCR_002823, @fsl_fast].
Brain surfaces were reconstructed using `recon-all` [FreeSurfer 7.3.2,
RRID:SCR_001847, @fs_reconall], and the brain mask estimated
previously was refined with a custom variation of the method to reconcile
ANTs-derived and FreeSurfer-derived segmentations of the cortical
gray-matter of Mindboggle [RRID:SCR_002438, @mindboggle].
A T2-weighted image was used to improve pial surface refinement.
Brain surfaces were reconstructed using `recon-all` [FreeSurfer 7.3.2,
RRID:SCR_001847, @fs_reconall], and the brain mask estimated
previously was refined with a custom variation of the method to reconcile
ANTs-derived and FreeSurfer-derived segmentations of the cortical
gray-matter of Mindboggle [RRID:SCR_002438, @mindboggle].
Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through
nonlinear registration with `antsRegistration` (ANTs 2.5.1),
using brain-extracted versions of both T1w reference and the T1w template.
The following template was were selected for spatial normalization
and accessed with *TemplateFlow* [24.2.0, @templateflow]:
*ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c* [@mni152nlin2009casym, RRID:SCR_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym].


Many internal operations of *fMRIPrep* use
*Nilearn* 0.10.4 [@nilearn, RRID:SCR_001362],
mostly within the functional processing workflow.
For more details of the pipeline, see [the section corresponding
to workflows in *fMRIPrep*'s documentation](https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html "FMRIPrep's documentation").


### Copyright Waiver

The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep
with the express intention that users should copy and paste this
text into their manuscripts *unchanged*.
It is released under the [CC0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) license.

### References

Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed
using \emph{fMRIPrep} 24.1.0.dev28+gfe7c9ff8.d20240822
(\citet{fmriprep1}; \citet{fmriprep2}; RRID:SCR\_016216), which is based
on \emph{Nipype} 1.8.6 (\citet{nipype1}; \citet{nipype2};
RRID:SCR\_002502).

\begin{description}
\item[Anatomical data preprocessing]
A total of 1 T1-weighted (T1w) images were found within the input BIDS
dataset. The T1w image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU)
with \texttt{N4BiasFieldCorrection} \citep{n4}, distributed with ANTs
2.5.1 \citep[RRID:SCR\_004757]{ants}, and used as T1w-reference
throughout the workflow. The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with
a \emph{Nipype} implementation of the \texttt{antsBrainExtraction.sh}
workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs as target template. Brain tissue
segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white-matter (WM) and
gray-matter (GM) was performed on the brain-extracted T1w using
\texttt{fast} \citep[FSL 6.0.7.12, RRID:SCR\_002823,][]{fsl_fast}. Brain
surfaces were reconstructed using \texttt{recon-all} \citep[FreeSurfer
7.3.2, RRID:SCR\_001847,][]{fs_reconall}, and the brain mask estimated
previously was refined with a custom variation of the method to
reconcile ANTs-derived and FreeSurfer-derived segmentations of the
cortical gray-matter of Mindboggle
\citep[RRID:SCR\_002438,][]{mindboggle}. A T2-weighted image was used to
improve pial surface refinement. Brain surfaces were reconstructed using
\texttt{recon-all} \citep[FreeSurfer 7.3.2,
RRID:SCR\_001847,][]{fs_reconall}, and the brain mask estimated
previously was refined with a custom variation of the method to
reconcile ANTs-derived and FreeSurfer-derived segmentations of the
cortical gray-matter of Mindboggle
\citep[RRID:SCR\_002438,][]{mindboggle}. Volume-based spatial
normalization to one standard space (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed
through nonlinear registration with \texttt{antsRegistration} (ANTs
2.5.1), using brain-extracted versions of both T1w reference and the T1w
template. The following template was were selected for spatial
normalization and accessed with \emph{TemplateFlow}
\citep[24.2.0,][]{templateflow}: \emph{ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical
template version 2009c} {[}\citet{mni152nlin2009casym},
RRID:SCR\_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym{]}.
\end{description}

Many internal operations of \emph{fMRIPrep} use \emph{Nilearn} 0.10.4
\citep[RRID:SCR\_001362]{nilearn}, mostly within the functional
processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see
\href{https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html}{the
section corresponding to workflows in \emph{fMRIPrep}'s documentation}.

\subsubsection{Copyright Waiver}\label{copyright-waiver}

The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep with
the express intention that users should copy and paste this text into
their manuscripts \emph{unchanged}. It is released under the
\href{https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/}{CC0} license.

\subsubsection{References}\label{references}

  \bibliography{/data/derivatives/bootcamp-geneva/fmriprep-24.0.0/logs/CITATION.bib}

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    doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060},
    issn = {1095-9572},
    journal = {NeuroImage},
    number = 1,
    pages = {63-72},
    title = {Accurate and robust brain image alignment using boundary-based registration},
    volume = 48,
    year = 2009
}

@article{power_fd_dvars,
    author = {Power, Jonathan D. and Mitra, Anish and Laumann, Timothy O. and Snyder, Abraham Z. and Schlaggar, Bradley L. and Petersen, Steven E.},
    doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048},
    issn = {1053-8119},
    journal = {NeuroImage},
    number = {Supplement C},
    pages = {320-341},
    title = {Methods to detect, characterize, and remove motion artifact in resting state fMRI},
    url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811913009117},
    volume = 84,
    year = 2014
}

@article{confounds_satterthwaite_2013,
    author = {Satterthwaite, Theodore D. and Elliott, Mark A. and Gerraty, Raphael T. and Ruparel, Kosha and Loughead, James and Calkins, Monica E. and Eickhoff, Simon B. and Hakonarson, Hakon and Gur, Ruben C. and Gur, Raquel E. and Wolf, Daniel H.},
    doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052},
    issn = {10538119},
    journal = {NeuroImage},
    number = 1,
    pages = {240--256},
    title = {{An improved framework for confound regression and filtering for control of motion artifact in the preprocessing of resting-state functional connectivity data}},
    url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811912008609},
    volume = 64,
    year = 2013
}


@article{nilearn,
    author = {Abraham, Alexandre and Pedregosa, Fabian and Eickenberg, Michael and Gervais, Philippe and Mueller, Andreas and Kossaifi, Jean and Gramfort, Alexandre and Thirion, Bertrand and Varoquaux, Gael},
    doi = {10.3389/fninf.2014.00014},
    issn = {1662-5196},
    journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
    language = {English},
    title = {Machine learning for neuroimaging with scikit-learn},
    url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014/full},
    volume = 8,
    year = 2014
}

@article{lanczos,
    author = {Lanczos, C.},
    doi = {10.1137/0701007},
    issn = {0887-459X},
    journal = {Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Series B Numerical Analysis},
    number = 1,
    pages = {76-85},
    title = {Evaluation of Noisy Data},
    url = {https://epubs.siam.org/doi/10.1137/0701007},
    volume = 1,
    year = 1964
}

@article{compcor,
    author = {Behzadi, Yashar and Restom, Khaled and Liau, Joy and Liu, Thomas T.},
    doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042},
    issn = {1053-8119},
    journal = {NeuroImage},
    number = 1,
    pages = {90-101},
    title = {A component based noise correction method ({CompCor}) for {BOLD} and perfusion based fMRI},
    url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811907003837},
    volume = 37,
    year = 2007
}

@article{hcppipelines,
    author = {Glasser, Matthew F. and Sotiropoulos, Stamatios N. and Wilson, J. Anthony and Coalson, Timothy S. and Fischl, Bruce and Andersson, Jesper L. and Xu, Junqian and Jbabdi, Saad and Webster, Matthew and Polimeni, Jonathan R. and Van Essen, David C. and Jenkinson, Mark},
    doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.127},
    issn = {1053-8119},
    journal = {NeuroImage},
    pages = {105-124},
    series = {Mapping the Connectome},
    title = {The minimal preprocessing pipelines for the Human Connectome Project},
    url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811913005053},
    volume = 80,
    year = 2013
}

@article{fs_template,
    author = {Reuter, Martin and Rosas, Herminia Diana and Fischl, Bruce},
    doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.07.020},
    journal = {NeuroImage},
    number = 4,
    pages = {1181-1196},
    title = {Highly accurate inverse consistent registration: A robust approach},
    volume = 53,
    year = 2010
}

@article{afni,
    author = {Cox, Robert W. and Hyde, James S.},
    doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1099-1492(199706/08)10:4/5<171::AID-NBM453>3.0.CO;2-L},
    journal = {NMR in Biomedicine},
    number = {4-5},
    pages = {171-178},
    title = {Software tools for analysis and visualization of fMRI data},
    volume = 10,
    year = 1997
}

@article{posse_t2s,
    author = {Posse, Stefan and Wiese, Stefan and Gembris, Daniel and Mathiak, Klaus and Kessler, Christoph and Grosse-Ruyken, Maria-Liisa and Elghahwagi, Barbara and Richards, Todd and Dager, Stephen R. and Kiselev, Valerij G.},
    doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(199907)42:1<87::AID-MRM13>3.0.CO;2-O},
    journal = {Magnetic Resonance in Medicine},
    number = 1,
    pages = {87-97},
    title = {Enhancement of {BOLD}-contrast sensitivity by single-shot multi-echo functional {MR} imaging},
    volume = 42,
    year = 1999
}

@article{topup,
    author = {Jesper L.R. Andersson and Stefan Skare and John Ashburner},
    title = {How to correct susceptibility distortions in spin-echo echo-planar images: application to diffusion tensor imaging},
    journal = {NeuroImage},
    volume = 20,
    number = 2,
    pages = {870-888},
    year = 2003,
    issn = {1053-8119},
    doi = {10.1016/S1053-8119(03)00336-7},
    url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811903003367}
}

@article{patriat_improved_2017,
    title = {An improved model of motion-related signal changes in {fMRI}},
    volume = {144, Part A},
    issn = {1053-8119},
    url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811916304360},
    doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.08.051},
    abstract = {Head motion is a significant source of noise in the estimation of functional connectivity from resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI). Current strategies to reduce this noise include image realignment, censoring time points corrupted by motion, and including motion realignment parameters and their derivatives as additional nuisance regressors in the general linear model. However, this nuisance regression approach assumes that the motion-induced signal changes are linearly related to the estimated realignment parameters, which is not always the case. In this study we develop an improved model of motion-related signal changes, where nuisance regressors are formed by first rotating and translating a single brain volume according to the estimated motion, re-registering the data, and then performing a principal components analysis (PCA) on the resultant time series of both moved and re-registered data. We show that these “Motion Simulated (MotSim)” regressors account for significantly greater fraction of variance, result in higher temporal signal-to-noise, and lead to functional connectivity estimates that are less affected by motion compared to the most common current approach of using the realignment parameters and their derivatives as nuisance regressors. This improvement should lead to more accurate estimates of functional connectivity, particularly in populations where motion is prevalent, such as patients and young children.},
    urldate = {2017-01-18},
    journal = {NeuroImage},
    author = {Patriat, Rémi and Reynolds, Richard C. and Birn, Rasmus M.},
    month = jan,
    year = {2017},
    keywords = {Motion, Correction, Methods, Rs-fMRI},
    pages = {74--82},
}

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