Summary

Anatomical

Anatomical Conformation

Brain mask and brain tissue segmentation of the T1w

This panel shows the template T1-weighted image (if several T1w images were found), with contours delineating the detected brain mask and brain tissue segmentations.


filename:sub-09/figures/sub-09_seg_brainmask.svg
Get figure file: sub-09/figures/sub-09_seg_brainmask.svg

T1 to MNI registration

Nonlinear mapping of the T1w image into MNI space. Hover on the panel with the mouse to transition between both spaces.


filename:sub-09/figures/sub-09_t1_2_mni.svg
Get figure file: sub-09/figures/sub-09_t1_2_mni.svg

Surface reconstruction

Surfaces (white and pial) reconstructed with FreeSurfer (recon-all) overlaid on the participant's T1w template.


filename:sub-09/figures/sub-09_reconall.svg
Get figure file: sub-09/figures/sub-09_reconall.svg

Functional

Reports for Session: 01 Task: highspeed Reconstruction: prenorm Run: 01

Summary

Note on orientation: qform matrix overwritten

The qform has been copied from sform.

Susceptibility distortion correction

Results of performing susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) on the EPI

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-01_task-highspeed_rec-prenorm_run-01_sdc_epi.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

ROIs in BOLD space

Brain mask calculated on the BOLD signal (red contour), along with the masks used for a/tCompCor.
The aCompCor mask (magenta contour) is a conservative CSF and white-matter mask for extracting physiological and movement confounds.
The fCompCor mask (blue contour) contains the top 5% most variable voxels within a heavily-eroded brain-mask.

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-01_task-highspeed_rec-prenorm_run-01_rois.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

EPI to T1 registration

bbregister was used to generate transformations from EPI-space to T1w-space

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-01_task-highspeed_rec-prenorm_run-01_bbregister.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

BOLD Summary

Summary statistics are plotted, which may reveal trends or artifacts in the BOLD data. Global signals calculated within the whole-brain (GS), within the white-matter (WM) and within cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) show the mean BOLD signal in their corresponding masks. DVARS and FD show the standardized DVARS and framewise-displacement measures for each time point.
A carpet plot shows the time series for all voxels within the brain mask. Voxels are grouped into cortical (blue), and subcortical (orange) gray matter, cerebellum (green) and white matter and CSF (red), indicated by the color map on the left-hand side.

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-01_task-highspeed_rec-prenorm_run-01_carpetplot.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

Reports for Session: 01 Task: highspeed Reconstruction: prenorm Run: 02

Summary

Note on orientation: qform matrix overwritten

The qform has been copied from sform.

Susceptibility distortion correction

Results of performing susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) on the EPI

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-01_task-highspeed_rec-prenorm_run-02_sdc_epi.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

ROIs in BOLD space

Brain mask calculated on the BOLD signal (red contour), along with the masks used for a/tCompCor.
The aCompCor mask (magenta contour) is a conservative CSF and white-matter mask for extracting physiological and movement confounds.
The fCompCor mask (blue contour) contains the top 5% most variable voxels within a heavily-eroded brain-mask.

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-01_task-highspeed_rec-prenorm_run-02_rois.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

EPI to T1 registration

bbregister was used to generate transformations from EPI-space to T1w-space

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-01_task-highspeed_rec-prenorm_run-02_bbregister.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

BOLD Summary

Summary statistics are plotted, which may reveal trends or artifacts in the BOLD data. Global signals calculated within the whole-brain (GS), within the white-matter (WM) and within cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) show the mean BOLD signal in their corresponding masks. DVARS and FD show the standardized DVARS and framewise-displacement measures for each time point.
A carpet plot shows the time series for all voxels within the brain mask. Voxels are grouped into cortical (blue), and subcortical (orange) gray matter, cerebellum (green) and white matter and CSF (red), indicated by the color map on the left-hand side.

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-01_task-highspeed_rec-prenorm_run-02_carpetplot.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

Reports for Session: 01 Task: highspeed Reconstruction: prenorm Run: 03

Summary

Note on orientation: qform matrix overwritten

The qform has been copied from sform.

Susceptibility distortion correction

Results of performing susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) on the EPI

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-01_task-highspeed_rec-prenorm_run-03_sdc_epi.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

ROIs in BOLD space

Brain mask calculated on the BOLD signal (red contour), along with the masks used for a/tCompCor.
The aCompCor mask (magenta contour) is a conservative CSF and white-matter mask for extracting physiological and movement confounds.
The fCompCor mask (blue contour) contains the top 5% most variable voxels within a heavily-eroded brain-mask.

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-01_task-highspeed_rec-prenorm_run-03_rois.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

EPI to T1 registration

bbregister was used to generate transformations from EPI-space to T1w-space

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-01_task-highspeed_rec-prenorm_run-03_bbregister.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

BOLD Summary

Summary statistics are plotted, which may reveal trends or artifacts in the BOLD data. Global signals calculated within the whole-brain (GS), within the white-matter (WM) and within cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) show the mean BOLD signal in their corresponding masks. DVARS and FD show the standardized DVARS and framewise-displacement measures for each time point.
A carpet plot shows the time series for all voxels within the brain mask. Voxels are grouped into cortical (blue), and subcortical (orange) gray matter, cerebellum (green) and white matter and CSF (red), indicated by the color map on the left-hand side.

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-01_task-highspeed_rec-prenorm_run-03_carpetplot.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

Reports for Session: 01 Task: highspeed Reconstruction: prenorm Run: 04

Summary

Note on orientation: qform matrix overwritten

The qform has been copied from sform.

Susceptibility distortion correction

Results of performing susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) on the EPI

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-01_task-highspeed_rec-prenorm_run-04_sdc_epi.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

ROIs in BOLD space

Brain mask calculated on the BOLD signal (red contour), along with the masks used for a/tCompCor.
The aCompCor mask (magenta contour) is a conservative CSF and white-matter mask for extracting physiological and movement confounds.
The fCompCor mask (blue contour) contains the top 5% most variable voxels within a heavily-eroded brain-mask.

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-01_task-highspeed_rec-prenorm_run-04_rois.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

EPI to T1 registration

bbregister was used to generate transformations from EPI-space to T1w-space

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-01_task-highspeed_rec-prenorm_run-04_bbregister.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

BOLD Summary

Summary statistics are plotted, which may reveal trends or artifacts in the BOLD data. Global signals calculated within the whole-brain (GS), within the white-matter (WM) and within cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) show the mean BOLD signal in their corresponding masks. DVARS and FD show the standardized DVARS and framewise-displacement measures for each time point.
A carpet plot shows the time series for all voxels within the brain mask. Voxels are grouped into cortical (blue), and subcortical (orange) gray matter, cerebellum (green) and white matter and CSF (red), indicated by the color map on the left-hand side.

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-01_task-highspeed_rec-prenorm_run-04_carpetplot.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

Reports for Session: 01 Task: rest Reconstruction: prenorm Run: post

Summary

Note on orientation: qform matrix overwritten

The qform has been copied from sform.

Susceptibility distortion correction

Results of performing susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) on the EPI

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-01_task-rest_rec-prenorm_run-post_sdc_epi.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

ROIs in BOLD space

Brain mask calculated on the BOLD signal (red contour), along with the masks used for a/tCompCor.
The aCompCor mask (magenta contour) is a conservative CSF and white-matter mask for extracting physiological and movement confounds.
The fCompCor mask (blue contour) contains the top 5% most variable voxels within a heavily-eroded brain-mask.

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-01_task-rest_rec-prenorm_run-post_rois.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

EPI to T1 registration

bbregister was used to generate transformations from EPI-space to T1w-space

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-01_task-rest_rec-prenorm_run-post_bbregister.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

BOLD Summary

Summary statistics are plotted, which may reveal trends or artifacts in the BOLD data. Global signals calculated within the whole-brain (GS), within the white-matter (WM) and within cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) show the mean BOLD signal in their corresponding masks. DVARS and FD show the standardized DVARS and framewise-displacement measures for each time point.
A carpet plot shows the time series for all voxels within the brain mask. Voxels are grouped into cortical (blue), and subcortical (orange) gray matter, cerebellum (green) and white matter and CSF (red), indicated by the color map on the left-hand side.

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-01_task-rest_rec-prenorm_run-post_carpetplot.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

Reports for Session: 01 Task: rest Reconstruction: prenorm Run: pre

Summary

Note on orientation: qform matrix overwritten

The qform has been copied from sform.

Susceptibility distortion correction

Results of performing susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) on the EPI

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-01_task-rest_rec-prenorm_run-pre_sdc_epi.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

ROIs in BOLD space

Brain mask calculated on the BOLD signal (red contour), along with the masks used for a/tCompCor.
The aCompCor mask (magenta contour) is a conservative CSF and white-matter mask for extracting physiological and movement confounds.
The fCompCor mask (blue contour) contains the top 5% most variable voxels within a heavily-eroded brain-mask.

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-01_task-rest_rec-prenorm_run-pre_rois.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

EPI to T1 registration

bbregister was used to generate transformations from EPI-space to T1w-space

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-01_task-rest_rec-prenorm_run-pre_bbregister.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

BOLD Summary

Summary statistics are plotted, which may reveal trends or artifacts in the BOLD data. Global signals calculated within the whole-brain (GS), within the white-matter (WM) and within cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) show the mean BOLD signal in their corresponding masks. DVARS and FD show the standardized DVARS and framewise-displacement measures for each time point.
A carpet plot shows the time series for all voxels within the brain mask. Voxels are grouped into cortical (blue), and subcortical (orange) gray matter, cerebellum (green) and white matter and CSF (red), indicated by the color map on the left-hand side.

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-01_task-rest_rec-prenorm_run-pre_carpetplot.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

Reports for Session: 02 Task: highspeed Reconstruction: prenorm Run: 01

Summary

Note on orientation: qform matrix overwritten

The qform has been copied from sform.

Susceptibility distortion correction

Results of performing susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) on the EPI

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-02_task-highspeed_rec-prenorm_run-01_sdc_epi.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

ROIs in BOLD space

Brain mask calculated on the BOLD signal (red contour), along with the masks used for a/tCompCor.
The aCompCor mask (magenta contour) is a conservative CSF and white-matter mask for extracting physiological and movement confounds.
The fCompCor mask (blue contour) contains the top 5% most variable voxels within a heavily-eroded brain-mask.

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-02_task-highspeed_rec-prenorm_run-01_rois.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

EPI to T1 registration

bbregister was used to generate transformations from EPI-space to T1w-space

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-02_task-highspeed_rec-prenorm_run-01_bbregister.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

BOLD Summary

Summary statistics are plotted, which may reveal trends or artifacts in the BOLD data. Global signals calculated within the whole-brain (GS), within the white-matter (WM) and within cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) show the mean BOLD signal in their corresponding masks. DVARS and FD show the standardized DVARS and framewise-displacement measures for each time point.
A carpet plot shows the time series for all voxels within the brain mask. Voxels are grouped into cortical (blue), and subcortical (orange) gray matter, cerebellum (green) and white matter and CSF (red), indicated by the color map on the left-hand side.

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-02_task-highspeed_rec-prenorm_run-01_carpetplot.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

Reports for Session: 02 Task: highspeed Reconstruction: prenorm Run: 02

Summary

Note on orientation: qform matrix overwritten

The qform has been copied from sform.

Susceptibility distortion correction

Results of performing susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) on the EPI

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-02_task-highspeed_rec-prenorm_run-02_sdc_epi.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

ROIs in BOLD space

Brain mask calculated on the BOLD signal (red contour), along with the masks used for a/tCompCor.
The aCompCor mask (magenta contour) is a conservative CSF and white-matter mask for extracting physiological and movement confounds.
The fCompCor mask (blue contour) contains the top 5% most variable voxels within a heavily-eroded brain-mask.

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-02_task-highspeed_rec-prenorm_run-02_rois.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

EPI to T1 registration

bbregister was used to generate transformations from EPI-space to T1w-space

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-02_task-highspeed_rec-prenorm_run-02_bbregister.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

BOLD Summary

Summary statistics are plotted, which may reveal trends or artifacts in the BOLD data. Global signals calculated within the whole-brain (GS), within the white-matter (WM) and within cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) show the mean BOLD signal in their corresponding masks. DVARS and FD show the standardized DVARS and framewise-displacement measures for each time point.
A carpet plot shows the time series for all voxels within the brain mask. Voxels are grouped into cortical (blue), and subcortical (orange) gray matter, cerebellum (green) and white matter and CSF (red), indicated by the color map on the left-hand side.

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-02_task-highspeed_rec-prenorm_run-02_carpetplot.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

Reports for Session: 02 Task: highspeed Reconstruction: prenorm Run: 03

Summary

Note on orientation: qform matrix overwritten

The qform has been copied from sform.

Susceptibility distortion correction

Results of performing susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) on the EPI

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-02_task-highspeed_rec-prenorm_run-03_sdc_epi.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

ROIs in BOLD space

Brain mask calculated on the BOLD signal (red contour), along with the masks used for a/tCompCor.
The aCompCor mask (magenta contour) is a conservative CSF and white-matter mask for extracting physiological and movement confounds.
The fCompCor mask (blue contour) contains the top 5% most variable voxels within a heavily-eroded brain-mask.

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-02_task-highspeed_rec-prenorm_run-03_rois.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

EPI to T1 registration

bbregister was used to generate transformations from EPI-space to T1w-space

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-02_task-highspeed_rec-prenorm_run-03_bbregister.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

BOLD Summary

Summary statistics are plotted, which may reveal trends or artifacts in the BOLD data. Global signals calculated within the whole-brain (GS), within the white-matter (WM) and within cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) show the mean BOLD signal in their corresponding masks. DVARS and FD show the standardized DVARS and framewise-displacement measures for each time point.
A carpet plot shows the time series for all voxels within the brain mask. Voxels are grouped into cortical (blue), and subcortical (orange) gray matter, cerebellum (green) and white matter and CSF (red), indicated by the color map on the left-hand side.

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-02_task-highspeed_rec-prenorm_run-03_carpetplot.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

Reports for Session: 02 Task: highspeed Reconstruction: prenorm Run: 04

Summary

Note on orientation: qform matrix overwritten

The qform has been copied from sform.

Susceptibility distortion correction

Results of performing susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) on the EPI

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-02_task-highspeed_rec-prenorm_run-04_sdc_epi.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

ROIs in BOLD space

Brain mask calculated on the BOLD signal (red contour), along with the masks used for a/tCompCor.
The aCompCor mask (magenta contour) is a conservative CSF and white-matter mask for extracting physiological and movement confounds.
The fCompCor mask (blue contour) contains the top 5% most variable voxels within a heavily-eroded brain-mask.

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-02_task-highspeed_rec-prenorm_run-04_rois.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

EPI to T1 registration

bbregister was used to generate transformations from EPI-space to T1w-space

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-02_task-highspeed_rec-prenorm_run-04_bbregister.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

BOLD Summary

Summary statistics are plotted, which may reveal trends or artifacts in the BOLD data. Global signals calculated within the whole-brain (GS), within the white-matter (WM) and within cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) show the mean BOLD signal in their corresponding masks. DVARS and FD show the standardized DVARS and framewise-displacement measures for each time point.
A carpet plot shows the time series for all voxels within the brain mask. Voxels are grouped into cortical (blue), and subcortical (orange) gray matter, cerebellum (green) and white matter and CSF (red), indicated by the color map on the left-hand side.

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-02_task-highspeed_rec-prenorm_run-04_carpetplot.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

Reports for Session: 02 Task: rest Reconstruction: prenorm Run: post

Summary

Note on orientation: qform matrix overwritten

The qform has been copied from sform.

Susceptibility distortion correction

Results of performing susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) on the EPI

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-02_task-rest_rec-prenorm_run-post_sdc_epi.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

ROIs in BOLD space

Brain mask calculated on the BOLD signal (red contour), along with the masks used for a/tCompCor.
The aCompCor mask (magenta contour) is a conservative CSF and white-matter mask for extracting physiological and movement confounds.
The fCompCor mask (blue contour) contains the top 5% most variable voxels within a heavily-eroded brain-mask.

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-02_task-rest_rec-prenorm_run-post_rois.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

EPI to T1 registration

bbregister was used to generate transformations from EPI-space to T1w-space

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-02_task-rest_rec-prenorm_run-post_bbregister.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

BOLD Summary

Summary statistics are plotted, which may reveal trends or artifacts in the BOLD data. Global signals calculated within the whole-brain (GS), within the white-matter (WM) and within cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) show the mean BOLD signal in their corresponding masks. DVARS and FD show the standardized DVARS and framewise-displacement measures for each time point.
A carpet plot shows the time series for all voxels within the brain mask. Voxels are grouped into cortical (blue), and subcortical (orange) gray matter, cerebellum (green) and white matter and CSF (red), indicated by the color map on the left-hand side.

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-02_task-rest_rec-prenorm_run-post_carpetplot.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

Reports for Session: 02 Task: rest Reconstruction: prenorm Run: pre

Summary

Note on orientation: qform matrix overwritten

The qform has been copied from sform.

Susceptibility distortion correction

Results of performing susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) on the EPI

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-02_task-rest_rec-prenorm_run-pre_sdc_epi.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

ROIs in BOLD space

Brain mask calculated on the BOLD signal (red contour), along with the masks used for a/tCompCor.
The aCompCor mask (magenta contour) is a conservative CSF and white-matter mask for extracting physiological and movement confounds.
The fCompCor mask (blue contour) contains the top 5% most variable voxels within a heavily-eroded brain-mask.

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-02_task-rest_rec-prenorm_run-pre_rois.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

EPI to T1 registration

bbregister was used to generate transformations from EPI-space to T1w-space

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-02_task-rest_rec-prenorm_run-pre_bbregister.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

BOLD Summary

Summary statistics are plotted, which may reveal trends or artifacts in the BOLD data. Global signals calculated within the whole-brain (GS), within the white-matter (WM) and within cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) show the mean BOLD signal in their corresponding masks. DVARS and FD show the standardized DVARS and framewise-displacement measures for each time point.
A carpet plot shows the time series for all voxels within the brain mask. Voxels are grouped into cortical (blue), and subcortical (orange) gray matter, cerebellum (green) and white matter and CSF (red), indicated by the color map on the left-hand side.

Problem loading figure sub-09/figures/sub-09_ses-02_task-rest_rec-prenorm_run-pre_carpetplot.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.

About

Methods

We kindly ask to report results preprocessed with fMRIPrep using the following boilerplate

Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed using fMRIPprep 1.2.2 (Esteban, Markiewicz, et al. (2018); Esteban, Blair, et al. (2018); RRID:SCR_016216), which is based on Nipype 1.1.5 (Gorgolewski et al. (2011); Gorgolewski et al. (2018); RRID:SCR_002502).

Anatomical data preprocessing

A total of 2 T1-weighted (T1w) images were found within the input BIDS dataset. All of them were corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU) using N4BiasFieldCorrection (Tustison et al. 2010, ANTs 2.2.0). A T1w-reference map was computed after registration of 2 T1w images (after INU-correction) using mri_robust_template (FreeSurfer 6.0.1, Reuter, Rosas, and Fischl 2010). The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped using antsBrainExtraction.sh (ANTs 2.2.0), using OASIS as target template. Brain surfaces were reconstructed using recon-all (FreeSurfer 6.0.1, RRID:SCR_001847, Dale, Fischl, and Sereno 1999), and the brain mask estimated previously was refined with a custom variation of the method to reconcile ANTs-derived and FreeSurfer-derived segmentations of the cortical gray-matter of Mindboggle (RRID:SCR_002438, Klein et al. 2017). Spatial normalization to the ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c (Fonov et al. 2009, RRID:SCR_008796) was performed through nonlinear registration with antsRegistration (ANTs 2.2.0, RRID:SCR_004757, Avants et al. 2008), using brain-extracted versions of both T1w volume and template. Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on the brain-extracted T1w using fast (FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR_002823, Zhang, Brady, and Smith 2001).

Functional data preprocessing

For each of the 12 BOLD runs found per subject (across all tasks and sessions), the following preprocessing was performed. First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom methodology of fMRIPrep. A deformation field to correct for susceptibility distortions was estimated based on two echo-planar imaging (EPI) references with opposing phase-encoding directions, using 3dQwarp Cox and Hyde (1997) (AFNI 20160207). Based on the estimated susceptibility distortion, an unwarped BOLD reference was calculated for a more accurate co-registration with the anatomical reference. The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w reference using bbregister (FreeSurfer) which implements boundary-based registration (Greve and Fischl 2009). Co-registration was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account for distortions remaining in the BOLD reference. Head-motion parameters with respect to the BOLD reference (transformation matrices, and six corresponding rotation and translation parameters) are estimated before any spatiotemporal filtering using mcflirt (FSL 5.0.9, Jenkinson et al. 2002). BOLD runs were slice-time corrected using 3dTshift from AFNI 20160207 (Cox and Hyde 1997, RRID:SCR_005927). The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing correction when applied) were resampled onto their original, native space by applying a single, composite transform to correct for head-motion and susceptibility distortions. These resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as preprocessed BOLD in original space, or just preprocessed BOLD. The BOLD time-series were resampled to MNI152NLin2009cAsym standard space, generating a preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space. First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom methodology of fMRIPrep. Several confounding time-series were calculated based on the preprocessed BOLD: framewise displacement (FD), DVARS and three region-wise global signals. FD and DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their implementations in Nipype (following the definitions by Power et al. 2014). The three global signals are extracted within the CSF, the WM, and the whole-brain masks. Additionally, a set of physiological regressors were extracted to allow for component-based noise correction (CompCor, Behzadi et al. 2007). Principal components are estimated after high-pass filtering the preprocessed BOLD time-series (using a discrete cosine filter with 128s cut-off) for the two CompCor variants: temporal (tCompCor) and anatomical (aCompCor). Six tCompCor components are then calculated from the top 5% variable voxels within a mask covering the subcortical regions. This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily eroding the brain mask, which ensures it does not include cortical GM regions. For aCompCor, six components are calculated within the intersection of the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation). The head-motion estimates calculated in the correction step were also placed within the corresponding confounds file. The BOLD time-series, were resampled to surfaces on the following spaces: fsnative, fsaverage. All resamplings can be performed with a single interpolation step by composing all the pertinent transformations (i.e. head-motion transform matrices, susceptibility distortion correction when available, and co-registrations to anatomical and template spaces). Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed using antsApplyTransforms (ANTs), configured with Lanczos interpolation to minimize the smoothing effects of other kernels (Lanczos 1964). Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using mri_vol2surf (FreeSurfer).

Many internal operations of fMRIPrep use Nilearn 0.4.2 (Abraham et al. 2014, RRID:SCR_001362), mostly within the functional processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see the section corresponding to workflows in fMRIPrep’s documentation.

References

Abraham, Alexandre, Fabian Pedregosa, Michael Eickenberg, Philippe Gervais, Andreas Mueller, Jean Kossaifi, Alexandre Gramfort, Bertrand Thirion, and Gael Varoquaux. 2014. “Machine Learning for Neuroimaging with Scikit-Learn.” Frontiers in Neuroinformatics 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014.

Avants, B.B., C.L. Epstein, M. Grossman, and J.C. Gee. 2008. “Symmetric Diffeomorphic Image Registration with Cross-Correlation: Evaluating Automated Labeling of Elderly and Neurodegenerative Brain.” Medical Image Analysis 12 (1): 26–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004.

Behzadi, Yashar, Khaled Restom, Joy Liau, and Thomas T. Liu. 2007. “A Component Based Noise Correction Method (CompCor) for BOLD and Perfusion Based fMRI.” NeuroImage 37 (1): 90–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042.

Cox, Robert W., and James S. Hyde. 1997. “Software Tools for Analysis and Visualization of fMRI Data.” NMR in Biomedicine 10 (4-5): 171–78. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1492(199706/08)10:4/5<171::AID-NBM453>3.0.CO;2-L.

Dale, Anders M., Bruce Fischl, and Martin I. Sereno. 1999. “Cortical Surface-Based Analysis: I. Segmentation and Surface Reconstruction.” NeuroImage 9 (2): 179–94. https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.1998.0395.

Esteban, Oscar, Ross Blair, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Shoshana L. Berleant, Craig Moodie, Feilong Ma, Ayse Ilkay Isik, et al. 2018. “FMRIPrep 1.2.2.” Software. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852659.

Esteban, Oscar, Christopher Markiewicz, Ross W Blair, Craig Moodie, Ayse Ilkay Isik, Asier Erramuzpe Aliaga, James Kent, et al. 2018. “FMRIPrep: A Robust Preprocessing Pipeline for Functional MRI.” bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/306951.

Fonov, VS, AC Evans, RC McKinstry, CR Almli, and DL Collins. 2009. “Unbiased Nonlinear Average Age-Appropriate Brain Templates from Birth to Adulthood.” NeuroImage, Organization for human brain mapping 2009 annual meeting, 47, Supplement 1: S102. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5.

Gorgolewski, K., C. D. Burns, C. Madison, D. Clark, Y. O. Halchenko, M. L. Waskom, and S. Ghosh. 2011. “Nipype: A Flexible, Lightweight and Extensible Neuroimaging Data Processing Framework in Python.” Frontiers in Neuroinformatics 5: 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2011.00013.

Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J., Oscar Esteban, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Erik Ziegler, David Gage Ellis, Michael Philipp Notter, Dorota Jarecka, et al. 2018. “Nipype.” Software. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596855.

Greve, Douglas N, and Bruce Fischl. 2009. “Accurate and Robust Brain Image Alignment Using Boundary-Based Registration.” NeuroImage 48 (1): 63–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060.

Jenkinson, Mark, Peter Bannister, Michael Brady, and Stephen Smith. 2002. “Improved Optimization for the Robust and Accurate Linear Registration and Motion Correction of Brain Images.” NeuroImage 17 (2): 825–41. https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1132.

Klein, Arno, Satrajit S. Ghosh, Forrest S. Bao, Joachim Giard, Yrjö Häme, Eliezer Stavsky, Noah Lee, et al. 2017. “Mindboggling Morphometry of Human Brains.” PLOS Computational Biology 13 (2): e1005350. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005350.

Lanczos, C. 1964. “Evaluation of Noisy Data.” Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Series B Numerical Analysis 1 (1): 76–85. https://doi.org/10.1137/0701007.

Power, Jonathan D., Anish Mitra, Timothy O. Laumann, Abraham Z. Snyder, Bradley L. Schlaggar, and Steven E. Petersen. 2014. “Methods to Detect, Characterize, and Remove Motion Artifact in Resting State fMRI.” NeuroImage 84 (Supplement C): 320–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048.

Reuter, Martin, Herminia Diana Rosas, and Bruce Fischl. 2010. “Highly Accurate Inverse Consistent Registration: A Robust Approach.” NeuroImage 53 (4): 1181–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.07.020.

Tustison, N. J., B. B. Avants, P. A. Cook, Y. Zheng, A. Egan, P. A. Yushkevich, and J. C. Gee. 2010. “N4ITK: Improved N3 Bias Correction.” IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 29 (6): 1310–20. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908.

Zhang, Y., M. Brady, and S. Smith. 2001. “Segmentation of Brain MR Images Through a Hidden Markov Random Field Model and the Expectation-Maximization Algorithm.” IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 20 (1): 45–57. https://doi.org/10.1109/42.906424.

Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing
performed using *fMRIPprep* 1.2.2
(@fmriprep1; @fmriprep2; RRID:SCR_016216),
which is based on *Nipype* 1.1.5
(@nipype1; @nipype2; RRID:SCR_002502).

Anatomical data preprocessing

: A total of 2 T1-weighted (T1w) images were found within the input
BIDS dataset.
All of them were corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU)
using `N4BiasFieldCorrection` [@n4, ANTs 2.2.0].
A T1w-reference map was computed after registration of
2 T1w images (after INU-correction) using
`mri_robust_template` [FreeSurfer 6.0.1, @fs_template].
The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped using `antsBrainExtraction.sh`
(ANTs 2.2.0), using OASIS as target template.
Brain surfaces were reconstructed using `recon-all` [FreeSurfer 6.0.1,
RRID:SCR_001847, @fs_reconall], and the brain mask estimated
previously was refined with a custom variation of the method to reconcile
ANTs-derived and FreeSurfer-derived segmentations of the cortical
gray-matter of Mindboggle [RRID:SCR_002438, @mindboggle].
Spatial normalization to the ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical
template version 2009c [@mni, RRID:SCR_008796] was performed
through nonlinear registration with `antsRegistration`
[ANTs 2.2.0, RRID:SCR_004757, @ants], using
brain-extracted versions of both T1w volume and template.
Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),
white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on
the brain-extracted T1w using `fast` [FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR_002823,
@fsl_fast].


Functional data preprocessing

: For each of the 12 BOLD runs found per subject (across all
tasks and sessions), the following preprocessing was performed.
First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated
using a custom methodology of *fMRIPrep*.
A deformation field to correct for susceptibility distortions was estimated
based on two echo-planar imaging (EPI) references with opposing phase-encoding
directions, using `3dQwarp` @afni (AFNI 20160207).
Based on the estimated susceptibility distortion, an
unwarped BOLD reference was calculated for a more accurate
co-registration with the anatomical reference.
The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w reference using
`bbregister` (FreeSurfer) which implements boundary-based registration [@bbr].
Co-registration was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account
for distortions remaining in the BOLD reference.
Head-motion parameters with respect to the BOLD reference
(transformation matrices, and six corresponding rotation and translation
parameters) are estimated before any spatiotemporal filtering using
`mcflirt` [FSL 5.0.9, @mcflirt].
BOLD runs were slice-time corrected using `3dTshift` from
AFNI 20160207 [@afni, RRID:SCR_005927].
The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing correction when applied)
were resampled onto their original, native space by applying
a single, composite transform to correct for head-motion and
susceptibility distortions.
These resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as *preprocessed
BOLD in original space*, or just *preprocessed BOLD*.
The BOLD time-series were resampled to MNI152NLin2009cAsym standard space,
generating a *preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space*.
First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated
using a custom methodology of *fMRIPrep*.
Several confounding time-series were calculated based on the
*preprocessed BOLD*: framewise displacement (FD), DVARS and
three region-wise global signals.
FD and DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their
implementations in *Nipype* [following the definitions by @power_fd_dvars].
The three global signals are extracted within the CSF, the WM, and
the whole-brain masks.
Additionally, a set of physiological regressors were extracted to
allow for component-based noise correction [*CompCor*, @compcor].
Principal components are estimated after high-pass filtering the
*preprocessed BOLD* time-series (using a discrete cosine filter with
128s cut-off) for the two *CompCor* variants: temporal (tCompCor)
and anatomical (aCompCor).
Six tCompCor components are then calculated from the top 5% variable
voxels within a mask covering the subcortical regions.
This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily eroding the brain mask,
which ensures it does not include cortical GM regions.
For aCompCor, six components are calculated within the intersection of
the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated
in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each
functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation).
The head-motion estimates calculated in the correction step were also
placed within the corresponding confounds file.
The BOLD time-series, were resampled to surfaces on the following
spaces: *fsnative*, *fsaverage*.
All resamplings can be performed with *a single interpolation
step* by composing all the pertinent transformations (i.e. head-motion
transform matrices, susceptibility distortion correction when available,
and co-registrations to anatomical and template spaces).
Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed using `antsApplyTransforms` (ANTs),
configured with Lanczos interpolation to minimize the smoothing
effects of other kernels [@lanczos].
Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using `mri_vol2surf`
(FreeSurfer).


Many internal operations of *fMRIPrep* use
*Nilearn* 0.4.2 [@nilearn, RRID:SCR_001362],
mostly within the functional processing workflow.
For more details of the pipeline, see [the section corresponding
to workflows in *fMRIPrep*'s documentation](https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html "FMRIPrep's documentation").


### References

Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed
using \emph{fMRIPprep} 1.2.2 (\citet{fmriprep1}; \citet{fmriprep2};
RRID:SCR\_016216), which is based on \emph{Nipype} 1.1.5
(\citet{nipype1}; \citet{nipype2}; RRID:SCR\_002502).

\begin{description}
\item[Anatomical data preprocessing]
A total of 2 T1-weighted (T1w) images were found within the input BIDS
dataset. All of them were corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU)
using \texttt{N4BiasFieldCorrection} \citep[ANTs 2.2.0]{n4}. A
T1w-reference map was computed after registration of 2 T1w images (after
INU-correction) using \texttt{mri\_robust\_template} \citep[FreeSurfer
6.0.1,][]{fs_template}. The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped using
\texttt{antsBrainExtraction.sh} (ANTs 2.2.0), using OASIS as target
template. Brain surfaces were reconstructed using \texttt{recon-all}
\citep[FreeSurfer 6.0.1, RRID:SCR\_001847,][]{fs_reconall}, and the
brain mask estimated previously was refined with a custom variation of
the method to reconcile ANTs-derived and FreeSurfer-derived
segmentations of the cortical gray-matter of Mindboggle
\citep[RRID:SCR\_002438,][]{mindboggle}. Spatial normalization to the
ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c
\citep[RRID:SCR\_008796]{mni} was performed through nonlinear
registration with \texttt{antsRegistration} \citep[ANTs 2.2.0,
RRID:SCR\_004757,][]{ants}, using brain-extracted versions of both T1w
volume and template. Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid
(CSF), white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on the
brain-extracted T1w using \texttt{fast} \citep[FSL 5.0.9,
RRID:SCR\_002823,][]{fsl_fast}.
\item[Functional data preprocessing]
For each of the 12 BOLD runs found per subject (across all tasks and
sessions), the following preprocessing was performed. First, a reference
volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom
methodology of \emph{fMRIPrep}. A deformation field to correct for
susceptibility distortions was estimated based on two echo-planar
imaging (EPI) references with opposing phase-encoding directions, using
\texttt{3dQwarp} \citet{afni} (AFNI 20160207). Based on the estimated
susceptibility distortion, an unwarped BOLD reference was calculated for
a more accurate co-registration with the anatomical reference. The BOLD
reference was then co-registered to the T1w reference using
\texttt{bbregister} (FreeSurfer) which implements boundary-based
registration \citep{bbr}. Co-registration was configured with nine
degrees of freedom to account for distortions remaining in the BOLD
reference. Head-motion parameters with respect to the BOLD reference
(transformation matrices, and six corresponding rotation and translation
parameters) are estimated before any spatiotemporal filtering using
\texttt{mcflirt} \citep[FSL 5.0.9,][]{mcflirt}. BOLD runs were
slice-time corrected using \texttt{3dTshift} from AFNI 20160207
\citep[RRID:SCR\_005927]{afni}. The BOLD time-series (including
slice-timing correction when applied) were resampled onto their
original, native space by applying a single, composite transform to
correct for head-motion and susceptibility distortions. These resampled
BOLD time-series will be referred to as \emph{preprocessed BOLD in
original space}, or just \emph{preprocessed BOLD}. The BOLD time-series
were resampled to MNI152NLin2009cAsym standard space, generating a
\emph{preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space}. First, a
reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a
custom methodology of \emph{fMRIPrep}. Several confounding time-series
were calculated based on the \emph{preprocessed BOLD}: framewise
displacement (FD), DVARS and three region-wise global signals. FD and
DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their
implementations in \emph{Nipype} \citep[following the definitions
by][]{power_fd_dvars}. The three global signals are extracted within the
CSF, the WM, and the whole-brain masks. Additionally, a set of
physiological regressors were extracted to allow for component-based
noise correction \citep[\emph{CompCor},][]{compcor}. Principal
components are estimated after high-pass filtering the
\emph{preprocessed BOLD} time-series (using a discrete cosine filter
with 128s cut-off) for the two \emph{CompCor} variants: temporal
(tCompCor) and anatomical (aCompCor). Six tCompCor components are then
calculated from the top 5\% variable voxels within a mask covering the
subcortical regions. This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily
eroding the brain mask, which ensures it does not include cortical GM
regions. For aCompCor, six components are calculated within the
intersection of the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM
masks calculated in T1w space, after their projection to the native
space of each functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w
transformation). The head-motion estimates calculated in the correction
step were also placed within the corresponding confounds file. The BOLD
time-series, were resampled to surfaces on the following spaces:
\emph{fsnative}, \emph{fsaverage}. All resamplings can be performed with
\emph{a single interpolation step} by composing all the pertinent
transformations (i.e.~head-motion transform matrices, susceptibility
distortion correction when available, and co-registrations to anatomical
and template spaces). Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed
using \texttt{antsApplyTransforms} (ANTs), configured with Lanczos
interpolation to minimize the smoothing effects of other kernels
\citep{lanczos}. Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using
\texttt{mri\_vol2surf} (FreeSurfer).
\end{description}

Many internal operations of \emph{fMRIPrep} use \emph{Nilearn} 0.4.2
\citep[RRID:SCR\_001362]{nilearn}, mostly within the functional
processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see
\href{https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html}{the
section corresponding to workflows in \emph{fMRIPrep}'s documentation}.

\hypertarget{references}{%
\subsubsection{References}\label{references}}

\bibliography{/usr/local/miniconda/lib/python3.6/site-packages/fmriprep/data/boilerplate.bib}

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Alternatively, an interactive boilerplate generator is available in the documentation website.

Errors