authors:
  -
    firstname: Demetrio
    lastname: Ferro
    affiliation: 'Neural Computation Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rovereto, Italy; Center for Mind and Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy; Center for Brain and Cognition, and Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain'
    id: 'ORCID:0000-0001-2345-6789'
  -
    firstname: Jochem
    lastname: 'van Kempen'
    affiliation: 'Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom'
    id: 'ORCID:0000-0002-0211-9545'
  -
    firstname: Michael
    lastname: Boyd
    affiliation: 'Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom'
    id: '--'
  -
    firstname: Stefano
    lastname: Panzeri
    affiliation: 'Neural Computation Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rovereto, Italy'
    id: 'ORCID:0000-0003-1700-8909'
  -
    firstname: Alexander
    lastname: Thiele
    affiliation: 'Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom'
    id: 'ORCID:0000-0003-4894-0213'
title: 'Directed information exchange between cortical layers in macaque V1 and V4 and its modulation by selective attention'
description: "Achieving behavioral goals requires integration of sensory and cognitive\n information, across cortical laminae and cortical regions. How this \ncomputation is performed remains unknown. Using local field potential \nrecordings and spectrally resolved conditional Granger causality (cGC) \nanalysis, we mapped visual information flow, and its attentional \nmodulation, between cortical layers within and between macaque areas V1 \nand V4. Stimulus induced inter-laminar information flow within V1 \ndominated upwardly, channeling information towards supragranular \ncortico-cortical output layers. Within V4, information flow dominated \nfrom granular to supragranular layers, but interactions between \nsupragranular and infragranular layers dominated downwardly. \nLow-frequency across-area communication was stronger from V4 to V1, with\n little layer specificity. Gamma-band communication was stronger in the \nfeedforward V1 to V4 direction. Attention to the receptive field of V1 \ndecreased communication between all V1 layers, except for granular to \nsupragranular layers interactions. Communication within V4, and from V1 \nto V4, increased with attention across all frequencies. While \ncommunication from V4 to V1 was stronger in lower frequency bands (4-25 \nHz), attention modulated cGCs from V4 to V1 across all investigated \nfrequencies. Our data show that top down cognitive processes result in \nreduced communication within cortical areas, increased feedforward \ncommunication across all frequency bands and increased gamma band \nfeedback communication."
keywords:
  - Neuroscience
  - 'Visual Attention'
  - 'Laminar circuitry'
license:
  name: 'Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Public Domain Dedication'
  url: 'https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/'
funding:
  - 'DFG, AB1234/5-6'
  - 'EU, EU.12345'
references:
  -
    id: ' https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.09.142190 '
    reftype: PrePrint
    citation: "Ferro, D., van Kempen, J., Boyd, M., Panzeri, S. and Thiele, A., 2020. \nDirected information exchange between cortical layers in macaque V1 and \nV4 and its modulation by selective attention. bioRxiv.Ferro, D., van Kempen, J., Boyd, M., Panzeri, S. and Thiele, A., 2020. \nDirected information exchange between cortical layers in macaque V1 and \nV4 and its modulation by selective attention. bioRxiv.  https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.09.142190 "
  -
    id: 'arxiv:mmmm.nnnn'
    reftype: IsSupplementTo
    citation: Citation2
  -
    id: 'pmid:nnnnnnnn'
    reftype: IsReferencedBy
    citation: Citation3
resourcetype: 'Dataset, Code'
templateversion: 1.2