Results

Descriptives MEP - rMT and Latency

Descriptives
	Mo_PA_Lat	Mo_AP_Lat	Mo_LM_Lat	Bi_PA_Lat	Bi_PA_Contr_Lat	Bi_AP_Lat	Bi_LM_Lat
N	28	28	28	28	28	28	28
Missing	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mean	24.2	25.4	24.2	24.3	24.2	24.9	24.2
Median	24.0	25.0	24.3	24.3	24.1	24.8	24.1
Standard deviation	1.48	1.67	1.54	1.41	1.50	1.56	1.52
Minimum	21.5	21.7	21.3	22.1	21.5	22.1	21.4
Maximum	27.8	28.1	27.2	27.5	26.9	28.0	27.7
Skewness	0.324	-0.108	0.0630	0.409	0.0714	0.249	0.444
Std. error skewness	0.441	0.441	0.441	0.441	0.441	0.441	0.441
Kurtosis	0.213	-0.716	-0.418	-0.403	-0.571	-0.558	-0.245
Std. error kurtosis	0.858	0.858	0.858	0.858	0.858	0.858	0.858
Shapiro-Wilk W	0.975	0.957	0.982	0.968	0.974	0.973	0.975
Shapiro-Wilk p	0.731	0.289	0.886	0.525	0.687	0.667	0.726

Plots

Mo_PA_Lat

Mo_AP_Lat

Mo_LM_Lat

Bi_PA_Lat

Bi_PA_Contr_Lat

Bi_AP_Lat

Bi_LM_Lat

Repeated Measures ANOVA - Latency

Within Subjects Effects
	Sphericity Correction	Sum of Squares	df	Mean Square	F	p	η²_p
Pulse waveform	None	0.707	1	0.707	1.84	0.186	0.064
	Greenhouse-Geisser	0.707	1.00	0.707	1.84	0.186	0.064
Residual	None	10.383	27	0.385
	Greenhouse-Geisser	10.383	27.00	0.385
Current direction	None	33.043	2	16.521	51.40	< .001	0.656
	Greenhouse-Geisser	33.043	1.80	18.321	51.40	< .001	0.656
Residual	None	17.357	54	0.321
	Greenhouse-Geisser	17.357	48.70	0.356
Pulse waveform ✻ Current direction	None	3.625	2	1.812	6.04	0.004	0.183
	Greenhouse-Geisser	3.625	1.54	2.353	6.04	0.009	0.183
Residual	None	16.210	54	0.300
	Greenhouse-Geisser	16.210	41.60	0.390
Note. Type 3 Sums of Squares

[3]

Between Subjects Effects
	Sum of Squares	df	Mean Square	F	p	η²_p
Residual	336	27	12.4
Note. Type 3 Sums of Squares

Assumptions

Tests of Sphericity
	Mauchly's W	p		Greenhouse-Geisser ε	Huynh-Feldt ε
Pulse waveform	1.000	NaN	ᵃ	1.000	1.000
Current direction	0.891	0.223		0.902	0.962
Pulse waveform ✻ Current direction	0.702	0.010		0.770	0.808
ᵃ The repeated measures has only two levels. The assumption of sphericity is always met when the repeated measures has only two levels.

Post Hoc Tests

Post Hoc Comparisons - Pulse waveform ✻ Current direction
Comparison
Pulse waveform	Current direction		Pulse waveform	Current direction	Mean Difference	SE	df	t	p_tukey
Monophasic	PA	-	Monophasic	AP	-1.24536	0.1658	27.0	-7.5119	< .001
		-	Monophasic	LM	0.00464	0.1247	27.0	0.0372	1.000
		-	Biphasic	PA	-0.12857	0.0836	27.0	-1.5382	0.644
		-	Biphasic	AP	-0.70464	0.1421	27.0	-4.9597	< .001
		-	Biphasic	LM	-0.01821	0.1358	27.0	-0.1341	1.000
	AP	-	Monophasic	LM	1.25000	0.1728	27.0	7.2352	< .001
		-	Biphasic	PA	1.11679	0.1584	27.0	7.0485	< .001
		-	Biphasic	AP	0.54071	0.1681	27.0	3.2171	0.035
		-	Biphasic	LM	1.22714	0.1743	27.0	7.0388	< .001
	LM	-	Biphasic	PA	-0.13321	0.1555	27.0	-0.8566	0.954
		-	Biphasic	AP	-0.70929	0.1641	27.0	-4.3215	0.002
		-	Biphasic	LM	-0.02286	0.1874	27.0	-0.1220	1.000
Biphasic	PA	-	Biphasic	AP	-0.57607	0.1235	27.0	-4.6631	< .001
		-	Biphasic	LM	0.11036	0.1213	27.0	0.9099	0.941
	AP	-	Biphasic	LM	0.68643	0.1742	27.0	3.9398	0.006

[4]

Estimated Marginal Means

Current direction ✻ Pulse waveform

Estimated Marginal Means - Current direction ✻ Pulse waveform
				95% Confidence Interval
Pulse waveform	Current direction	Mean	SE	Lower	Upper
Monophasic	PA	24.2	0.279	23.6	24.7
	AP	25.4	0.315	24.8	26.1
	LM	24.2	0.292	23.6	24.8
Biphasic	PA	24.3	0.266	23.7	24.8
	AP	24.9	0.295	24.3	25.5
	LM	24.2	0.288	23.6	24.8

[4]

Robust Paired Samples T-Test - rMT Monophasic (positive control)

Robust Paired Samples T-Test
							95% Confidence Interval
		t	df	p	Mean difference	SE	Lower	Upper	Cohen's d
Mo_PA_rMT	Mo_AP_rMT	-10.87	17.0	< .001	-0.1696	0.0156	-0.2025	-0.13670	0.811
Mo_LM_rMT	Mo_AP_rMT	-6.07	17.0	< .001	-0.1234	0.0203	-0.1663	-0.08055	0.636
Mo_PA_rMT	Mo_LM_rMT	-2.57	17.0	0.020	-0.0462	0.0180	-0.0841	-0.00826	0.370

Robust Paired Samples T-Test - rMT Biphasic (no Contr)

Robust Paired Samples T-Test
							95% Confidence Interval
		t	df	p	Mean difference	SE	Lower	Upper	Cohen's d
Bi_PA_rMT	Bi_AP_rMT	-7.114	17.0	< .001	-0.08167	0.0115	-0.1059	-0.0574	0.6412
Bi_AP_rMT	Bi_LM_rMT	-0.515	17.0	0.613	-0.00950	0.0185	-0.0485	0.0295	0.0601
Bi_PA_rMT	Bi_LM_rMT	-5.535	17.0	< .001	-0.09117	0.0165	-0.1259	-0.0564	0.6348

Descriptives MEP - amplitude (log10 transformed)

Descriptives
	Mo_PA_Ampl	Mo_AP_Ampl	Mo_LM_Ampl	Bi_PA_Ampl	Bi_PA_Contr_Ampl	Bi_AP_Ampl	Bi_LM_Ampl
N	28	28	28	28	28	28	28
Missing	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mean	2.62	2.65	2.63	2.66	2.60	2.59	2.73
Median	2.61	2.67	2.66	2.68	2.59	2.60	2.74
Standard deviation	0.237	0.257	0.312	0.324	0.283	0.293	0.256
Minimum	2.03	1.97	2.09	2.08	2.11	2.04	2.26
Maximum	3.11	3.06	3.22	3.36	3.14	3.05	3.23
Skewness	-0.191	-0.564	-0.0273	0.0697	0.0537	-0.293	0.140
Std. error skewness	0.441	0.441	0.441	0.441	0.441	0.441	0.441
Kurtosis	0.595	0.217	-0.606	-0.526	-0.861	-0.851	-0.483
Std. error kurtosis	0.858	0.858	0.858	0.858	0.858	0.858	0.858
Shapiro-Wilk W	0.982	0.968	0.965	0.982	0.975	0.952	0.979
Shapiro-Wilk p	0.894	0.529	0.459	0.901	0.718	0.224	0.822

Plots

Mo_PA_Ampl

Mo_AP_Ampl

Mo_LM_Ampl

Bi_PA_Ampl

Bi_PA_Contr_Ampl

Bi_AP_Ampl

Bi_LM_Ampl

Repeated Measures ANOVA - Amplitude

Within Subjects Effects
	Sum of Squares	df	Mean Square	F	p	η²_p
Pulse waveform	0.0409	1	0.0409	1.65	0.210	0.057
Residual	0.6707	27	0.0248
Current direction	0.1080	2	0.0540	1.47	0.240	0.052
Residual	1.9896	54	0.0368
Pulse waveform ✻ Current direction	0.1701	2	0.0850	2.83	0.068	0.095
Residual	1.6251	54	0.0301
Note. Type 3 Sums of Squares

[3]

Between Subjects Effects
	Sum of Squares	df	Mean Square	F	p	η²_p
Residual	8.56	27	0.317
Note. Type 3 Sums of Squares

Assumptions

Tests of Sphericity
	Mauchly's W	p		Greenhouse-Geisser ε	Huynh-Feldt ε
Pulse waveform	1.000	NaN	ᵃ	1.000	1.000
Current direction	0.962	0.606		0.964	1.000
Pulse waveform ✻ Current direction	0.919	0.332		0.925	0.990
ᵃ The repeated measures has only two levels. The assumption of sphericity is always met when the repeated measures has only two levels.

Estimated Marginal Means

Current direction ✻ Pulse waveform

[4]

References

[1] The jamovi project (2022). jamovi. (Version 2.3) [Computer Software]. Retrieved from https://www.jamovi.org.

[2] R Core Team (2021). R: A Language and environment for statistical computing. (Version 4.1) [Computer software]. Retrieved from https://cran.r-project.org. (R packages retrieved from MRAN snapshot 2022-01-01).

[3] Singmann, H. (2018). afex: Analysis of Factorial Experiments. [R package]. Retrieved from https://cran.r-project.org/package=afex.

[4] Lenth, R. (2020). emmeans: Estimated Marginal Means, aka Least-Squares Means. [R package]. Retrieved from https://cran.r-project.org/package=emmeans.