function varargout=sigstar(groups,stats,esize,nosort)
    % sigstar - Add significance stars to bar charts, boxplots, line charts, etc,
    %
    % H = sigstar(groups,stats,nsort)
    %
    % Purpose
    % Add stars and lines highlighting significant differences between pairs of groups. 
    % The user specifies the groups and associated p-values. The function handles much of 
    % the placement and drawing of the highlighting. Stars are drawn according to:
    %   * represents p<=0.05
    %  ** represents p<=1E-2
    % *** represents p<=1E-3
    %
    %
    % Inputs
    % groups - a cell array defining the pairs of groups to compare. Groups defined 
    %          either as pairs of scalars indicating locations along the X axis or as 
    %          strings corresponding to X-tick labels. Groups can be a mixture of both 
    %          definition types.
    % stats -  a vector of p-values the same length as groups. If empty or missing it's 
    %          assumed to be a vector of 0.05s the same length as groups. Nans are treated
    %          as indicating non-significance.
    % nsort -  optional, 0 by default. If 1, then significance markers are plotted in 
    %          the order found in groups. If 0, then they're sorted by the length of the 
    %          bar.
    %
    % Outputs
    % H - optionally return handles for significance highlights. Each row is a different
    %     highlight bar. The first column is the line. The second column is the text (stars).
    %     
    %
    % Examples
    % 1. 
    % bar([5,2,1.5])
    % sigstar({[1,2], [1,3]})
    %
    % 2. 
    % bar([5,2,1.5])
    % sigstar({[2,3],[1,2], [1,3]},[nan,0.05,0.05])
    %
    % 3.  **DOESN'T WORK IN 2014b**
    % R=randn(30,2);
    % R(:,1)=R(:,1)+3;
    % boxplot(R)
    % set(gca,'XTick',1:2,'XTickLabel',{'A','B'})
    % H=sigstar({{'A','B'}},0.01);
    % ylim([-3,6.5])
    % set(H,'color','r')
    %
    % 4. Note the difference in the order with which we define the groups in the 
    %    following two cases. 
    % x=[1,2,3,2,1];
    % subplot(1,2,1)
    % bar(x)
    % sigstar({[1,2], [2,3], [4,5]})
    % subplot(1,2,2)
    % bar(x)
    % sigstar({[2,3],[1,2], [4,5]})
    %
    % ALSO SEE: demo_sigstar
    %
    % KNOWN ISSUES:
    % 1. Algorithm for identifying whether significance bar will overlap with 
    %    existing plot elements may not work in some cases (see line 277)
    % 2. Bars may not look good on exported graphics with small page sizes.
    %    Simply increasing the width and height of the graph with the 
    %    PaperPosition property of the current figure should fix things.
    %
    % Rob Campbell - CSHL 2013



    %Input argument error checking

    %If the user entered just one group pair and forgot to wrap it in a cell array 
    %then we'll go easy on them and wrap it here rather then generate an error
    if ~iscell(groups) & length(groups)==2
        groups={groups};
    end

    if nargin<3
        stats=repmat(0.05,1,length(groups));
    end
    if isempty(stats)
        stats=repmat(0.05,1,length(groups));
    end
    if nargin<4
        nosort=0;
    end




    %Check the inputs are of the right sort
    if ~iscell(groups)
        error('groups must be a cell array')
    end

    if ~isvector(stats)
        error('stats must be a vector')
    end

    if length(stats)~=length(groups)
        error('groups and stats must be the same length')
    end






    %Each member of the cell array groups may be one of three things:
    %1. A pair of indices.
    %2. A pair of strings (in cell array) referring to X-Tick labels
    %3. A cell array containing one index and one string
    %
    % For our function to run, we will need to convert all of these into pairs of
    % indices. Here we loop through groups and do this. 

    xlocs=nan(length(groups),2); %matrix that will store the indices 
    xtl=get(gca,'XTickLabel');  

    for ii=1:length(groups)
        grp=groups{ii};

        if isnumeric(grp)
            xlocs(ii,:)=grp; %Just store the indices if they're the right format already

        elseif iscell(grp) %Handle string pairs or string/index pairs

            if isstr(grp{1})
                a=strmatch(grp{1},xtl);
            elseif isnumeric(grp{1})
                a=grp{1};
            end
            if isstr(grp{2})
                b=strmatch(grp{2},xtl);
            elseif isnumeric(grp{2})
                b=grp{2};
            end

            xlocs(ii,:)=[a,b];
        end

        %Ensure that the first column is always smaller number than the second
        xlocs(ii,:)=sort(xlocs(ii,:));

    end

    %If there are any NaNs we have messed up. 
    if any(isnan(xlocs(:)))
        error('Some groups were not found')
    end






    %Optionally sort sig bars from shortest to longest so we plot the shorter ones first
    %in the loop below. Usually this will result in the neatest plot. If we waned to 
    %optimise the order the sig bars are plotted to produce the neatest plot, then this 
    %is where we'd do it. Not really worth the effort, though, as few plots are complicated
    %enough to need this and the user can define the order very easily at the command line. 
    if ~nosort
        [~,ind]=sort(xlocs(:,2)-xlocs(:,1),'ascend');
        xlocs=xlocs(ind,:);groups=groups(ind);
        stats=stats(ind);
        esize=esize(ind);
    end



    %-----------------------------------------------------
    %Add the sig bar lines and asterisks 
    holdstate=ishold;
    hold on

    H=ones(length(groups),2); %The handles will be stored here

    y=ylim;
    yd=myRange(y)*0.1; %separate sig bars vertically by 5% 

    for ii=1:length(groups)
        thisY=findMinY(xlocs(ii,:))+yd;
        H(ii,:)=makeSignificanceBar(xlocs(ii,:),thisY,stats(ii),round(esize(ii),2));
    end
    %-----------------------------------------------------




    %Now we can add the little downward ticks on the ends of each line. We are
    %being extra cautious and leaving this it to the end just in case the y limits
    %of the graph have changed as we add the highlights. The ticks are set as a
    %proportion of the y axis range and we want them all to be the same the same
    %for all bars.
    yd=myRange(ylim)*0.01; %Ticks are 1% of the y axis range
    for ii=1:length(groups)
        y=get(H(ii,1),'YData');
        y(1)=y(1)-yd;
        y(4)=y(4)-yd;   
        set(H(ii,1),'YData',y)
    end




    %Be neat and return hold state to whatever it was before we started
    if ~holdstate
        hold off
    elseif holdstate
        hold on
    end


    %Optionally return the handles to the plotted significance bars (first column of H)
    %and asterisks (second column of H).
    if nargout>0
        varargout{1}=H;
    end


end %close sigstar



%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%Internal functions

function H=makeSignificanceBar(x,y,p,es)
    %makeSignificanceBar produces the bar and defines how many asterisks we get for a 
    %given p-value


    if p<=1E-3
        stars = {num2str(es),'***'};
        offset = 0.03;
    elseif p<=1E-2
        stars = {num2str(es),'**'};
        offset = 0.03;
    elseif p<=0.05
        stars = {num2str(es),'*'};
        offset = 0.03;
    else
        stars='n.s.';
        offset = 0.03;
    end
            
    x=repmat(x,2,1);
    y=repmat(y,4,1);

    H(1)=plot(x(:),y,'-k','Linewidth',2,'Tag','sigstar_bar');

    %Increase offset between line and text if we will print "n.s."
    %instead of a star. 
%     offset = 0.025;
%     switch stars
%         case {'*','**','***'}
%             offset = 0.015;
%         case {'n.s.'}
%             offset = 0.055;
%     end

    starY=mean(y)+myRange(ylim)*offset;
    H(2)=text(mean(x(:)),starY,stars,...
        'HorizontalAlignment','center',...
        'BackGroundColor','none',...
        'Tag','sigstar_stars');

    Y=ylim;
    if Y(2)<starY*1.1
        ylim([Y(1),starY+myRange(Y)*0.1])
    end


end %close makeSignificanceBar



function Y=findMinY(x)
    % The significance bar needs to be plotted a reasonable distance above all the data points
    % found over a particular range of X values. So we need to find these data and calculat the 
    % the minimum y value needed to clear all the plotted data present over this given range of 
    % x values. 
    %
    % This version of the function is a fix from Evan Remington
    oldXLim = get(gca,'XLim');
    oldYLim = get(gca,'YLim');

    axis(gca,'tight')
    
    %increase range of x values by 0.1 to ensure correct y max is used
    x(1)=x(1)-0.1;
    x(2)=x(2)+0.1;
    
    set(gca,'xlim',x) %Matlab automatically re-tightens y-axis

    yLim = get(gca,'YLim'); %Now have max y value of all elements within range.
    Y = max(yLim);

    axis(gca,'normal')
    set(gca,'XLim',oldXLim,'YLim',oldYLim)

end %close findMinY


function rng=myRange(x)
    %replacement for stats toolbox range function
    rng = max(x) - min(x);
end %close myRange