authors:
  -
    firstname: 'Ricardo'
    lastname: 'Kienitz'
    affiliation: 'Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, Deutschordenstraße 46, 60528 Frankfurt a. M., Germany; Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe University, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528 Frankfurt a.M., Germany'
  -
    firstname: 'Michele A'
    lastname: 'Cox'
    affiliation: 'Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, 111 21st Avenue South, 301 Wilson Hall, Nashville, TN 37240, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences - University of Rochester, Meliora Hall, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627'
  -
    firstname: 'Kacie'
    lastname: 'Dougherty'
    affiliation: 'Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, 111 21st Avenue South, 301 Wilson Hall, Nashville, TN 37240, USA; Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Washington Rd, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA'
  -
    firstname: 'Richard C'
    lastname: 'Saunders'
    affiliation: 'Laboratory of Neuropsychology, NIMH, Convent Drive 49, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA'
  -
    firstname: 'Joscha T'
    lastname: 'Schmiedt'
    affiliation: 'Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, Deutschordenstraße 46, 60528 Frankfurt a. M., Germany'
  -
    firstname: 'David A'
    lastname: 'Leopold'
    affiliation: 'Laboratory of Neuropsychology, NIMH, Convent Drive 49, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Neurophysiology Imaging Facility, NIMH, NINDS & NEI, 49 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA'
  -
    firstname: 'Alexander'
    lastname: 'Maier'
    affiliation: 'Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, 111 21st Avenue South, 301 Wilson Hall, Nashville, TN 37240, USA'
  -
    firstname: 'Michael C'
    lastname: 'Schmid'
    affiliation: 'Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; Faculty of Science and Medicine, Chemin du Musée 5, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland'
title: 'Data from: Theta but not gamma oscillations in area V4 depend on input from primary visual cortex'
description: 'Theta (3-9 Hz) and gamma (30-100 Hz) oscillations have been observed at different levels along the hierarchy of cortical areas and across a wide set of cognitive tasks. In the visual system, the emergence of both rhythms in primary visual cortex (V1) and mid-level cortical areas V4 have been linked with variations in perceptual reaction times [1–5]. Based on analytical methods to infer causality in neural activation patterns, it was concluded that gamma and theta oscillations might both reflect feedforward sensory processing from V1 to V4 [6–10]. Here we report on experiments in macaque monkeys in which we experimentally assessed the presence of both oscillations in the neural activity recorded from multi-electrode arrays in V1 and V4 before and after a permanent V1-lesion. With intact cortex theta and gamma oscillations could be reliably elicited in V1 and V4 when monkeys viewed a visual contour illusion and showed phase-to-amplitude coupling. Laminar analysis in V1 revealed that both theta and gamma oscillations occurred primarily in the supragranular layers, the cortical output compartment of V1. However, there was a clear dissociation between the two rhythms in V4 that became apparent when the major feedforward input to V4 was removed by lesioning V1: While V1 lesioning eliminated V4 theta, it had little effect on V4 gamma power except for delaying its emergence by >100 ms. These findings suggest that theta is more tightly associated with feedforward processing than gamma and pose limits on the proposed role of gamma as a feedforward mechanism.'
keywords:
  - 'neuroscience'
  - 'visual cortex'
  - 'primary visual cortex (V1)'
  - 'V4'
  - 'oscillations'
  - 'rhythms'
  - 'theta'
  - 'gamma'
  - 'lesion'
  - 'feedforward'
  - 'feedback'
license:
  name: 'CC BY-NC-SA 4.0'
  url: 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/'
funding:
  - 'National Institute of Mental Health Grant (ZIA-MH002838) to D.A.L.'
  - 'National Eye Institute Training Grant (2T32 EY007135-21) to K.D.'
  - 'Alfred P. Sloan Fellowship to A.M.'
  - 'Research Grant by the Whitehall Foundation to A.M.'
  - 'Career Starter Grant by the Knights Templar Eye Foundation to A.M.'
  - 'Research Grant from the National Eye Institute (1R01EY027402-02) to A.M. and M.C.S.'
  - 'Emmy Noether grant 2806/1 to M.C.S.'
  - 'ERC grant OptoVision 637638 to M.C.S.'
references: []
resourcetype: Dataset
templateversion: 1.2